In which regions of our country most often. Flooding in Russia: causes, scale of the disaster, consequences

Large floods in Russia are rare, but nevertheless, every year the southeastern regions of the country suffer natural disasters in the form of downpours and floods. Every year, thousands of people in one of the most influential countries in the world are forced to leave their homes and wait for help from the state, which is usually scanty and does not cover all the costs associated with the elements.

The most devastating floods in Russia

Flood statistics and natural Disasters in Russia every year it becomes more and more weighty. It's all to blame for global warming and the maximum amount of precipitation, falling, as a rule, in a few days in some regions of the country. The largest floods in Russia took the lives of hundreds of people and deprived the property of thousands of citizens of the country.

In 2001, there was a flood in Yakutia. Eight people were killed, 43 thousand citizens were injured, 5 thousand houses were destroyed. The flood occurred due to an unprecedented ice jam on the Lena River.

In 2002, there was a flood in the south of the country, the Stavropol Territory was particularly affected. This flood claimed the lives of 170 people. One hundred thousand people suffered material damage to one degree or another, 44 thousand houses were flooded.

In 2004, there was a flood in the Kemerovo region due to the flooding of the local rivers Tom and Kondoma. Five people died, 10 thousand people were injured, 6 thousand houses were destroyed in one way or another.

In 2010, in the Krasnodar Territory, due to the flooding of mountain rivers, 30 settlements were flooded. 17 people died. The state suffered 2 billion rubles in damage.

In 2012, one of the most terrible floods in the Kuban. As a result of heavy downpours, a five-month norm of precipitation fell over several days. 171 people died, more than 30 thousand citizens were injured. The damage to the state amounted to 20 billion rubles.

Causes of the disaster

The total flood in Russia in 2015 triggered attempts to understand the situation. The fact that utilities, police and city leaders, frankly, come to a standstill after such cataclysms - and so it is understandable. After all, emergency situations are a complex process that requires full consolidation and coordination of the work of all city government bodies.

After the "epidemic" of floods, the deputy head of Hydromet commented on the situation and tried to justify his colleagues. Indeed, for the territory of Russia, flooding in the summer is the norm, and forecasters "predict" the weather very approximately. The cause of the current catastrophe was the cyclone, which brought heavy rain and gusty winds - the "successor" of Typhoon Goti. Why storm sewers are not ready in many cities of Russia, nobody said.

Floods in Russia in 2015

According to the forecasters of the Russian hydrometeorological center, precipitation for Russian latitudes is more a regularity than a rarity. Predicting summer showers and, as a consequence, floods is rather difficult due to the heterogeneous structure of the clouds. It is almost impossible to predict the position of each cloud, which is why meteorologists often use the term "in places" when covering the weather forecast. A cloud can live from five minutes to several hours, and it is not possible to predict the state of each of them.

A similar situation happened in the summer of 2015. Meteorologists outlined the flood areas in Russia with their inherent blurred boundaries, but no one predicted that the catastrophe would fall on both capitals of the country.

This summer, showers flooded the Krasnodar Territory, Moscow, Voronezh, Chelyabinsk, Sochi, Petersburg, Lipetsk, Kursk.

Flooding in Sochi

One of the most catastrophic floods of this year in Russia occurred in the "Olympic" Sochi. On June 25, 2015, due to heavy rains and, as a result, rising water levels in nearby rivers, most of the city's districts were flooded. In Sochi, floods occur every year, but the townspeople did not expect that after the construction of the "Olympic" stormwaters, the city would be flooded to the same extent.

Another major monetary adventure "floated out" in the midst of the elements. On June 26, an emergency was declared. The city was paralyzed for several days. City transport did not function. There was water in the airport building at a level of 80 cm from the ground. Thanks to volunteers, utilities and townspeople, casualties among the population were avoided.

Catastrophe in major cities of Russia

The flooding in Russia this summer in the country's megacities has become the reason for major disputes between the state leadership and utilities. This is not surprising, no matter how much the hydrometeorological center warns about the upcoming bad weather, no one is going to take any steps before the disaster. This happened at the end of June, when the "Sochi" showers hit several regions of the country, abundantly watering the capital.

From 26 to 28 June, half of the monthly rainfall fell in Moscow. Utility workers dealt with the accumulation of water on city roads. Several metro stations were flooded.

On June 26, the same cyclone flooded the streets and buildings of Chelyabinsk, Voronezh, Lipetsk and Kursk. In the regions, there were no human casualties, but with significant losses for the country's budget. A lot of state institutions and public utilities were flooded. The cyclone flooded several streets of the Northern capital.

The last flood in Russia

In early September 2015, there was a major flood in Russia, the Ussuri region suffered. The reason was typhoon "Goni", which had been raging in the vastness of Japan before. For several days there were showers, a two-month norm of precipitation fell. 10 thousand local residents were left without electricity. Eight districts of Ussuriysk were flooded, 300 people had to be evacuated. There were no reports of casualties among the population, volunteers and social services promptly responded, but the Ussuri Zoo lost 27 of its animals.

In recent years all over the planet observed increased number of floods... The largest number of such disasters occurs in the countries of the Asian region. Of these, China ranks first, where 58 floods occurred over the four years under review. Asia is followed by the United States, which experienced 52 floods during the same period. In countries such as Russia, Mexico, Australia, India, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Vietnam, Korea, the Philippines, over ten floods have been recorded over the same four years.

Where do floods occur most often?

Bangladesh is unfortunately more than any other country in the world, suffers from natural floods. This state is located relatively low above sea level, has a mostly flat surface, many small and large rivers, such as the Ganges, Meghna and Brahmaputra. With such geographic conditions during a flood, the flooded area is 2/3 of the entire territory of the country.

Every year, the economic damage from more frequent floods only increases. Climatologists and other scientists associate this with a general warming of the climate, as well as with an unreasonable policy of using natural resources.

With a similar trend, floods will only become more frequent and stronger all over the world, and no country is immune from this.

Traced season dependence of floods, the largest number observed in the spring and summer seasons, when there is an increased melting of ice and flooding of rivers. IN winter time years when most bodies of water and rivers are frozen, and the general temperature is low, there are fewer floods.

Typically, floods last 3 to 7 days. But lately, the duration of natural disasters has been increasing. For example, in 1999, 20 floods lasting more than 30 days were recorded. This is also associated with global warming and increased ice melting at the poles. If this trend continues, then floods lasting up to 1.5-2 months will become the norm in most regions. Moreover, even those regions that previously were not characterized by flooding at all will suffer from them.

Increased number of floods now it is more acute than ever and requires increased attention and balanced decisions.

Late summer 2013 on the Far East a powerful flood fell, which led to the most large-scale flooding over the past 115 years. The flood covered five regions of the Far East federal district, the total area of ​​flooded areas was more than 8 million square kilometers. In total, 37 were flooded since the beginning of the flood. municipal districts, 235 settlements and more than 13 thousand residential buildings. Over 100 thousand people were injured. More than 23 thousand people were evacuated. The most affected were the Amur Region, which was the first to receive the blow of the elements, the Jewish Autonomous Region and the Khabarovsk Territory.

On the night of July 7, 2012 the flood flooded thousands of residential buildings in the cities of Gelendzhik, Krymsk and Novorossiysk, as well as in a number of villages in the Krasnodar Territory. The systems of energy, gas and water supply, automobile and railway traffic were disrupted. According to the prosecutor's office, 168 people were killed, two more were missing. Most of the victims were in Krymsk, which suffered the most severe disaster. In this city, 153 people died, more than 60 thousand people were recognized as victims. 1.69 thousand houses were recognized as completely destroyed in the Crimean region. About 6.1 thousand houses were damaged. The flood damage amounted to about 20 billion rubles.

In April 2004 in the Kemerovo region there was a flood due to a rise in the level of the local rivers Kondoma, Tom and their tributaries. More than six thousand houses were destroyed, 10 thousand people were injured, nine were killed. In the city of Tashtagol, located in the flood zone, and the villages closest to it, flood waters destroyed 37 pedestrian bridges, 80 kilometers of regional and 20 kilometers of municipal roads were damaged. The element also disrupted telephone communications.
The damage, according to experts, amounted to 700-750 million rubles.

In August 2002 in the Krasnodar Territory there was a fleeting tornado and torrential rains. In Novorossiysk, Anapa, Krymsk and 15 other settlements of the region, over 7 thousand residential buildings and administrative buildings were in the flooded zone. The disaster also damaged 83 housing and communal services, 20 bridges, 87.5 kilometers of highways, 45 water intakes and 19 transformer substations. 424 residential buildings were completely destroyed. 59 people were killed. The Ministry of Emergency Situations evacuated 2.37 thousand people from dangerous areas.

June 2002 9 subjects of the Southern Federal District suffered catastrophic flooding as a result of the last torrential rains. There were 377 settlements in the flood zone. The disaster destroyed 13.34 thousand houses, damaged almost 40 thousand residential buildings and 445 educational institutions. The disaster claimed the lives of 114 people, and another 335 thousand people suffered. Specialists of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, other ministries and departments rescued a total of 62 thousand people, more than 106 thousand residents of the Southern Federal District were evacuated from dangerous areas. The damage amounted to 16 billion rubles.

July 7, 2001 in the Irkutsk region, due to heavy rains, a number of rivers overflowed their banks and flooded seven cities and 13 districts (a total of 63 settlements). Sayansk was particularly affected. According to official data, eight people died, 300 thousand people were injured, and 4.64 thousand houses were flooded.

In May 2001 the water level in the Lena River exceeded the maximum flood and reached a mark of 20 meters. Already in the first days after the catastrophic flood, 98% of the territory of the city of Lensk was flooded. The flood practically washed away Lensk from the face of the earth. More than 3.3 thousand houses were destroyed, 30.8 thousand people were injured. In total, 59 settlements were damaged in Yakutia as a result of the flood, 5.2 thousand residential buildings were flooded. The total amount of damage amounted to 7.08 billion rubles, including 6.2 billion rubles in the city of Lensk.

May 16 and 17, 1998 in the area of ​​the city of Lensk, Yakutia, there was a strong flood. It was caused by ice congestion along the lower course of the Lena River, as a result of which the water level rose to 17 meters, while the critical flooding level of the city of Lensk was 13.5 meters. More than 172 settlements with a population of 475 thousand people were in the flooded zone. More than 50 thousand people were evacuated from the flooded zone. The flood killed 15 people. The flood damage amounted to 872.5 million rubles.

According to the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, in 2018, 13,683 minors went missing in the country, and in the first half of 2019 - 8,383. As of the end of September of this year, most of the missing were found, but 98 children are still wanted ...

Most often, children disappear in the Moscow, Sverdlovsk, Irkutsk and Nizhny Novgorod regions, as well as in the Krasnoyarsk and Stavropol regions. Last year, 6,232 minors left the capital and did not return home. Every day, the Moscow police receive information about five or six missing children. Many cases relate to voluntary leaving the family, that is, minors themselves decide to leave, he said Head of the 8th Department of the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department Dmitry Pichugin on the air of the radio "Komsomolskaya Pravda".

If we focus on general statistics across the country, then most often minors leave and find themselves among the wanted (missing) because of abuse and conflicts with family members, asocial behavior of parents, unfavorable living conditions, poor control in schools and kindergartens.

On the territory of Russia, the search for missing children is carried out by the Investigative Committee, the Ministry of Emergencies, the police, and volunteer organizations. The laws allow you to immediately start looking for a child who has not returned home. Therefore, the opinion that it is necessary to wait 72 hours before filing a report of a missing person is a dangerous misconception. And the law passed in August 2019 allows law enforcement officers, with parental consent, to promptly receive information about a missing minor if he has a mobile phone. Previously, it was possible to obtain data on the geolocation of a child's device only by a court decision.

In order to avoid tragedies, the volunteer search unit Liza Alert recommends not to let the child go out alone. The readiness of a minor for independent walks should be determined individually. The psychologist of the detachment advises to release some of the children living in large cities, not earlier than they reach 10 years, and in rural areas - not earlier than 8-9 years. A child who walks or goes to school on his own should be able to navigate in time and in the locality, know the address and phone number of parents, be able to and not be afraid to call for help, understand and follow safety rules.

Before letting go of a child alone, it is important to build a route that does not contain potentially dangerous places on the way. These include garages, construction sites, hatches, unregulated pedestrian crossings, unlit and deserted streets. Also, parents should take this route several times with their child. This will allow not only to remember the road well, but also to note the travel time, which will help to take action in time if the child is delayed. A special program, which is installed on the phone, or a GPS watch, will help in determining the location of a minor.

If a minor did not return home on time, the first step is to call everyone with whom he could stay or who he could visit along the way. If it was not possible to quickly find the child on your own, you must immediately inform the police about it.