Ranks for a soldier determine his official position and legal status, that is, his rights, powers and duties. Military ranks provide for the principle of seniority and subordination. Ranks are assigned to the military in accordance with their professional training, position in the service, official law, length of service, and merit.

The meaning of military ranks

Ranks for the military are one of the important motivators for military service, personnel placement and their most effective use. The presence of ranks in the army establishes relations of seniority and subordination between military personnel. A specific military rank gives a soldier the right to certain monetary allowances and material support, to receive certain benefits.

You can determine the rank of a military man by insignia. They are shoulder straps, buttonholes and chevrons.

The introduction of ranks in the Red Army

Since the creation of the Red Army (decoding of the abbreviation: Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army), it became necessary to introduce military ranks. Since 1918, with the development and strengthening of the Red Army in the troops, the names of military ranks and insignia have changed several times. Only in 1939-1940. they were finally established, and these ranks of the Red Army did not change until 1943.

The first ranks and insignia of their distinction in the Red Army

In December 1917, the new government by its decree abolished military ranks in the army. And it was decided to form a new type of army. A decree to this effect was adopted at the beginning of 1918.

In the initial period in the Red Army, the commanders were elected. But in the context of the intensifying Civil War, the formation of the armed forces of the young republic began on the principle of conscription. In this situation, it became urgently necessary to move away from the principle of elected commanders.

It was decided to restore the principle of unity of command in the army and introduce military ranks in the troops. The first to strengthen discipline in their units, military ranks were established by the head of division No. 18, IP Uborevich.

He was warmly supported by the founder of the Red Army, chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic, Lev Davidovich Trotsky. It took almost a year to develop and approve a unified military uniform and insignia for the command staff of the army. The first military ranks and the Red Army were based on the positions held. And so that the position of a serviceman was visible, they approved the signs sewn on the sleeves (rhombuses, squares and triangles).

Military positions and signs from 1918 to 1924

All distinguishing signs, in accordance with the order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic No. 116, were sewn on the left sleeves of clothing. A little later, the RVSR approves a new military uniform, uniform for the entire Red Army: an overcoat, a tunic and a headdress (“Budenovka”). In general, the clothes of an ordinary Red Army soldier and command personnel did not differ significantly. Only insignia indicated the position held.

Unification of military clothing and signs since 1924

During the years of the Civil War, the established uniform in the Red Army was used along with the uniforms of the tsarist army, civilian clothes and other items of clothing stylized as military cut.

At the end of the Civil War, a gradual transition of the entire army to uniform uniforms began. It was decided to reduce the cost of production of military uniforms, to eliminate unnecessary elements. In May 1924, military uniforms received summer cotton caps and summer tunic shirts without breast colored flaps, but with two patch pockets on the chest. Almost all items of military clothing have undergone changes.

It was established that rectangular cloth buttonholes were sewn onto the collars of tunics and tunics, corresponding to the color of the military branches with a fringing of a different shade. The size of the buttonholes was determined to be 12.5 cm by 5.5 cm. The buttonholes sewn onto the collar of overcoats resembled a rhombus in shape with unequal sides of 13 cm by 12.5 cm.

On the buttonholes, along with insignia by category, emblems were attached to the specialty of a military man. Emblems should not exceed 3 x 3 cm in size.

The introduction of service categories for military personnel

Order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. 807 from the middle of 1924 abolished sleeve valves with signs indicating the position held by the military, and introduced buttonholes with signs corresponding to the assigned category and corresponding emblems indicating the specialty of military personnel. Subsequently, additional orders (No. 850 and No. 862) supplemented these innovations. Categories have been developed and approved. All military personnel were divided into four compositions:

• junior commanding officer;
• middle command-and-command;
• senior commanding officer;
• the highest commanding officer.

Categories by positions held in the Red Army

Each group, in turn, was divided into categories.

1. Junior commanding and command staff:

• squad leader, boatswain - K-1;
• foreman of the company, assistant platoon commander, star boatsman, foreman of the warhead, deputy commander of the warhead, chief boatsman - K-2;

2. Average commanding and command staff:

• warhead commander, platoon commander, assistant commander of the 4th rank cor-la - K-3;
• assistant company commander, senior officer of the cor-la 4 rank - K-4;
• chief comrade of a commander of a ship of the third rank, commander of a corporal of the 4th rank, commander of a squadron (company) - K-5;
• commander of a separate company, assistant commander of a battalion, commander of a cor-la of the third rank, senior commander of a cor-la of the 2nd rank - K-6.

3. Senior commanding and command staff:

• com-r cor-la 2 ranks, com-r battalion - K-7;
• assistant commander of the regiment, senior commander of the cor-la of the 1st rank - K-8;
• regiment commander, assistant brigade commander, commander of the cor-la 1st rank - K-9;

4. The highest commanding and command staff:

• brigade commander, assistant division commander, ship brigade commander - K-10;
• division commander, corps assistant commander, squadron commander - K-11;
• corps commander, assistant army commander, flotilla commander - K-12;
• commander of the army, assistant commander of the front, assistant commander of the military district, commander of the fleet, commander-in-chief of the naval forces of the republic - K-13;
• commander of the fronts, commander of the military district - K-14.

The introduction of individual ranks for military personnel

The Council of People's Commissars in 1935, by its decree, announces the next reform in the armed forces of the USSR, specifying the ranks and signs in the Red Army. Personal ranks are established for military personnel.

The highest rank is established - Marshal. A distinctive sign for marshals was a large star on the buttonholes. Simultaneously with the establishment of new military ranks, the command and command staff of the Armed Forces is divided into the following areas of official activity:

1. Command.

2. Military-political.

3. Commander, which, in turn, was divided into:

• economic and administrative;
• technical;
• medical;
• veterinary;
• legal.

The ratio of ranks of command, administrative and political compositions

The distinctive signs on the main have not been changed. Belonging to a particular service or branch of the military indicated the color of the buttonholes and emblems. The command staff of all levels sewed a chevron in the form of a corner on the sleeves. The distinctive signs of various ranks on the buttonholes were rhombuses for the higher composition, rectangles for the senior composition, squares for the middle composition and triangles for the junior composition. An ordinary soldier on his buttonhole did not have insignia.

Signs of personal ranks of all military personnel proceeded from previous ranks. So, for example, two "head over heels" of a lieutenant on their buttonholes had a junior political instructor, a military technician of the second rank, a junior military officer, etc. The indicated ranks of the Red Army existed until 1943. In 1943, they moved away from the "bulky" military ranks. So, for example, instead of the title of "military paramedic", the title of "lieutenant of the medical service" was introduced.

In 1940, continuing the process of assigning personal military ranks, the government of the USSR approved the ranks for junior and senior command levels. The ranks of lieutenant colonels and generals were legalized.

Military rank insignia in 1941

She met the aggression of Nazi Germany in 1941, having the following military insignia on her military uniform:

The above distinguishing marks and ranks of the Red Army did not change until 1943.

The ratio of the ranks of the NKVD and the Red Army

In the pre-war years, the NK of Internal Affairs consisted of several main directorates (GU): the GU of state security, the GU of internal security and border troops, the Main Directorate of the Workers' and Peasants' Militia, and others.

In parts of the internal security and military positions and ranks were, as in the Red Army. And in the police, state security, due to the specifics of the tasks performed, there were special ranks. If we correlate, for example, special ranks in the state security agencies with army ranks, then we get the following: a state security sergeant was equated with a lieutenant of the Red Army, a state security captain was equated with a colonel, and so on.

Conclusion

Thus, from the very formation of the Republic of Soviets, the troops of the Red Army have always been in the field of special attention of the country's top leadership. Not only were weapons and equipment improved, but the clothing provision of military personnel was also improved. The photographs show that the Red Army soldier of 1941 is strikingly different in clothing and equipment from the Red Army soldier of 1918. But the military ranks of the Red Army themselves until 1943 changed several times.

And in 1943, as a result of fundamental reforms, the abbreviation of the Red Army (decoding: Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army) became a thing of the past. The concept of "Soviet Army" (SA) came into use.

Buttonholes of the Red Army 1940, 1941, 1942,1943

In the Red Army (RKKA), two types of buttonholes were used: everyday (“colored”) and field (“protective color”). In turn, they were diamond-shaped and in the form of a parallelogram.

Casual buttonholes introduced in 1922. Since then, they have been constantly upgraded until 1940. With the outbreak of war, modernization was stopped because. field one-color camouflage buttonholes were introduced, which, along with colored everyday ones, lasted until the buttonholes were replaced with shoulder straps in early 1943.

The color scheme was very varied and quite complex. The color of the buttonhole field corresponded to the type of troops (see table below), and the color and (or) shape of the edging indicated belonging to the command or commanding staff.

For example, the everyday buttonholes of the captain, the commander of a rifle company, had a raspberry-colored field and a golden 5 mm lace around the edges (see diagram below). And the political instructor of this company wore buttonholes with a raspberry-colored field, but with a black piping.

Cadets of military schools, police and bodies of the State. Security had their own patterns for everyday buttonholes.

Field buttonholes were introduced by order of the NPO of the USSR No. 253 of August 1, 1941, which abolished the wearing of colored insignia for all categories of military personnel. It was ordered to switch to buttonholes, emblems and insignia of a completely green protective color (). However, in the conditions of war and the rapid increase in the size of the army, protective buttonholes and insignia were received mainly by military personnel mobilized from the reserve. For them, in peacetime, a uniform with wartime insignia was prepared. The rest switched to new signs whenever possible. A number of military leaders opposed the transition to wartime insignia. So, for example, the commander of the 9th mechanized corps of the Kyiv Special Military District, Lieutenant General Rokossovsky K.K. by his order, he categorically forbade all commanders to change their insignia to field ones, believing that the Red Army should see their commanders in battle.

Difficulties in supply led to the fact that the troops simultaneously encountered both those and other insignia in various combinations (red cubes and sleepers on field buttonholes, field cubes and sleepers on colored buttonholes, etc.). This provision lasted until the transition of the army to shoulder straps in the winter-spring of 1943, and in the rear districts until the middle of summer 1943.

Since the field buttonholes were completely protective in color for all categories of military personnel and differed only in the number of insignia, it makes no sense to analyze them in detail.

Buttonhole sizes in the Red Army (RKKA):

• Buttonholes for gymnasts and jackets - in the form of a parallelogram, 32.5 mm wide with piping, about 10 cm long.
• Buttonholes for overcoats - diamond-shaped, 11 cm along the larger diagonal and 8.5-9 cm - at a smaller one. One upper (edged) side had a length from corner to corner of 6.5 cm.
• The general's buttonholes are diamond-shaped, the length from corner to corner is 11 cm, the width from corner to corner is 7.5 cm, the length of the edged side is 6.1 cm, the width of the buttonhole edging with a cantle is 2.5 mm. The buttonholes on the general's overcoats were slightly larger - the length from corner to corner was 11.5 cm (13.5 cm - for the Marshal of the Soviet Union), the width from corner to corner was 8.5 cm, the length of the edged side was 6.5 cm, the width of the border buttonholes with a cantle of 2.5 mm.

Sewing on buttonholes of the Red Army (RKKA):

• bending the unedged edge under the collar - () ().
• the unedged edge of the buttonhole was sewn into the collar - () ().
• exactly along the edge of the collar - () ().

The colors of everyday buttonholes of the Red Army:

• open table (table under development...)

Military ranks of the USSR Armed Forces 1935-1945 (table of ranks):

• open table (table under development...)

Buttonholes of ordinary and junior officers of the Red Army
(private, sergeant and foreman)

In the form of a parallelogram. The color of the buttonhole field corresponded to the type of troops. Colored piping on three sides.

OVERCOAT buttonholes- diamond-shaped. Colored edging on upper sides. The color of the buttonhole field corresponded to the type of troops.

For military officers with the rank of foreman, in addition to the colored edging, a 3-mm golden lace was also sewn on the same sides where the colored edging went. But not instead of a colored piping like that of officers, but in addition to it.

Insignia:

Equilateral metal triangles covered with red enamel. Triangle side 10 mm.

The buttonholes from the corporal to the foreman also relied on: a golden equilateral triangle, side length 20 mm; a longitudinal strip of 5 mm (on overcoat buttonholes 10 mm) of red piping (the color of the piping is the same for all military branches).

The emblems of the military branch were supposed to be applied with yellow paint, but this rule was very rarely followed. As a result, one can see the private and junior command personnel either without emblems at all, or with metal emblems laid down for the officer corps.

In 1940, in connection with the change in the scale of ranks of the Red Army, the insignia of the ranks of junior command and command personnel also changed. By order of the NPO of the USSR No. 391 dated November 2, 1940, personal ranks were established for ordinary and junior command and command staff: Red Army soldier, corporal, junior sergeant, sergeant, senior sergeant and foreman.

By the same order, new insignia were introduced for them, to which it was ordered to switch from January 1, 1941. Until that time, the junior command and command staff did not have personal ranks, but were named and wore insignia according to their positions.

Buttonholes of senior and middle officers of the Red Army
(officers)

SHOOTS FOR GYMNASTERS AND FRENCH- in the form of a parallelogram. The color of the buttonhole field corresponded to the type of troops. At the top three corners, a 5 mm golden galunchik was sewn instead of a colored piping.

OVERCOAT buttonholes- diamond-shaped. The color of the buttonhole field corresponded to the type of troops. A 5mm golden lace was sewn to the two upper sides instead of a colored piping.

Insignia:

• from junior lieutenant to senior lieutenant - they wore equilateral metal cubes (“kubari”) covered with red enamel. The side of the cube is 10mm.
• from captain to colonel - they wore metal rectangles (“sleepers”) covered with red enamel. The size of the sleeper is 16x7mm.
  ________________________________________________________________

In 1940, the scale of ranks for senior command and command staff changed somewhat. On July 26, 1940, by order of the NCO of the USSR No. 226, the ranks of "lieutenant colonel" and "senior battalion commissar" were introduced, and in connection with this, the insignia of the senior command and command personnel were changed.

The buttonholes of the middle and senior political, technical, administrative, veterinary staff, and justice bodies had, like those of privates, colored edging.

In addition to the insignia by rank in the buttonholes, it was determined to wear the emblems of the military branches established by order of the NPO of the USSR No. 33 of March 10, 1936. The emblems were metallic gold. Political workers do not have any emblems, the rest wear the emblems of their branches of service. The insignia are cubes and sleepers, like those of the command staff.

Insignia in buttonholes:

A. Average command and command staff:

1 cube - junior lieutenant, junior military engineer.

2 dice - lieutenant, junior political officer, military engineer of the 2nd rank, quartermaster technician of the 2nd rank, military assistant, junior military officer.

3 dice - senior lieutenant, political instructor, military engineer of the 1st rank, quartermaster technician of the 1st rank, senior military assistant, military lawyer.

B. Senior command and command staff:

1 sleeper - captain, senior political officer, military engineer, quartermaster, military doctor, senior military lawyer.

2 sleepers - major, battalion commissar, military engineer of the 2nd rank, quartermaster of the 2nd rank, military doctor of the 2nd rank, military officer of the 2nd rank.

3 sleepers - lieutenant colonel, senior battalion commissar, military engineer of the 1st rank, quartermaster of the 1st rank, military doctor of the 1st rank, military officer of the 1st rank.

4 sleepers - colonel, regimental commissar.

Note - There is an interesting point here. The commanding staff in the ranks of a military engineer of the 1st rank, a quartermaster of the 1st rank, a military doctor of the 1st rank, a military officer of the 1st rank, as they wore three sleepers in their buttonholes until 1940, they remained with three sleepers. In fact, absolutely nothing has changed, because. they had previously been considered a step below the colonel. But if earlier they had as many sleepers on their buttonholes as the colonel, now it turned out that they were all, as it were, lowered in rank. There were a lot of grievances, to the point that many of them arbitrarily attached the fourth sleeper. The regimental commissars were pleased, because they now wore four sleepers and in this they differed from the quartermasters, engineers, military doctors of the regimental level, that is, their higher status, equal to the commander of the regiment, was clearly emphasized. But the battalion commissars were unhappy (especially those who were about to be awarded the next rank) due to the fact that another one was wedged between their rank and the coveted rank of regimental commissar.

The middle and senior command staff, the middle and senior political staff had additional insignia on the sleeves. The command staff in the form of various triangular galloons differing in rank. All political workers had the same ones in the form of a sewn-on star.

The middle and senior commanding staff (lawyers, doctors, veterinarians, quartermasters, administrative staff, technical staff) did not have any signs on their sleeves.

Although the wearing of emblems of military branches in buttonholes was mandatory (except for political workers, infantry and cavalry for whom emblems did not exist), there were significant difficulties in their manufacture and supply of troops. Expensive red copper was used for the emblems; emblems were stamped on machines, and there were not enough such machines in the country. Sewing from the golden thread of emblems was prohibited. Therefore, the vast majority of Red Army soldiers and sergeants, and a significant part of the officers, had no emblems in their buttonholes at all. In order to combat the shortage of insignia, they began to use cheaper materials for their manufacture. But even these measures could not significantly improve the lack of insignia.

By the decision of the State Defense Committee of October 9, 1942, the system of military commissars was liquidated in the army and navy, and all of them were given command ranks. Moreover, the titles are assigned one step lower. For example, if earlier a junior political instructor was equal to a lieutenant, then a new rank was assigned to him - junior lieutenant. The number of political posts was sharply reduced. Some of yesterday's political instructors and commissars were appointed deputy commanders for political affairs (from the company and above), some were transferred to command positions. If earlier a political instructor or a commissar enjoyed equal power with a commander in a unit, unit, now they have become deputy commanders.

Obviously, it is difficult to imagine an ocean of resentment among political workers by this decision of the State Defense Committee. Only the wartime situation and the increased role of the Special Departments (NKVD) perhaps kept them from openly displaying discontent. Many of them had to change the comfortable position of a non-responsible, but all-powerful chief to the bitter lot of a commander responsible for everything and everything, others to come to terms with the fate of a second person in a regiment, battalion, company; places of an equal, or even superior commander to the place of a subordinate. It is much easier to imagine the relief of commanders who have lost the obligation to constantly look back at the opinion of the commissar, who are obliged to coordinate every step with him. Previously, you had to decide together, and answer alone, but now you have decided, and you yourself answer.

Buttonholes of the highest command staff of the Red Army
(generals, marshals)

UNIFORM AND FOR KILTEL (sizes sewn on) - diamond-shaped, length from corner to corner 11 cm, width from corner to corner 7.5 cm, length of the edged side 6.1 cm, width of the buttonhole edging with a cantle 2.5 mm. The generals of artillery and ABTV have a field of black buttonholes.

OVERCOAT buttonholes- diamond-shaped, length from corner to corner 11.5 cm (13.5 cm - for the Marshal of the Soviet Union), width from corner to corner 8.5 cm, length of the edged side 6.5 cm, width of the buttonhole edging with a cantle 2.5 mm . The generals of artillery and ABTV have a field of black buttonholes.

Insignia:

The stars for the buttonholes of the generals were made of gilded brass of the correct pointed shape with a diameter of 2 cm with ribbed rays. In field buttonholes, stars painted green (protective 4BO) were used.

The star on the buttonholes of the Marshal of the Soviet Union: on the overcoat buttonholes, the diameter is 5 cm, on the buttonholes of the uniform and tunic, the diameter is 4.4 cm. The star of the Marshal of the Soviet Union had the correct pointed shape and was embroidered with gilded threads. The embroidery is continuous convex, all outer edges are bordered with perpendicular embroidery with thin threads. In the lower part of the buttonhole, two laurel branches were embroidered with gold threads, on the crosshairs of which a sickle and a hammer were embroidered with gold.

___________________________________________________________

On July 13, 1940, by Order of the NPO of the USSR No. 212 in accordance with the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 7, 1940 “On the establishment of military ranks of the highest command of the Red Army”, uniforms and insignia were established on buttonholes and sleeves for generals.

For the highest commanding staff, the insignia remains the same - rhombuses in number from two to four with the same rank names.

Field buttonholes

Casual buttonholes

Literature:

• Uniform and insignia of the Red Army 1918-1945. AIM, Leningrad 1960
• Insignia of the ranks of the military personnel of the Red Army 1940-1942. Author - Y. Veremeev.
• The insignia of the commanding and commanding staff of the armed forces on 06/22/41 ( link)
• Uniform of the Russian Air Force. Volume II, Part 1 (1935-1955)

article code: 89769

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Military uniforms are called clothes established by rules or special decrees, the wearing of which is mandatory for any military unit and for each branch of the military. The form symbolizes the function of its bearer and his belonging to the organization. The stable phrase honor of the uniform means military or corporate honor in general. Even in the Roman army, soldiers were given the same weapons and armor. In the Middle Ages, it was customary to depict the coat of arms of a city, kingdom or feudal lord on shields,

Bodies and troops of the GPU 1922 - Valery Kulikov Employees of the Transport Department of the GPU 1922 - Valery Kulikov Bodies of the GPU - OGPU 1923 - Valery Kulikov Troops of the GPU - OGPU 1923 - Valery Kulikov Employees of the Transport Department of the GPU 1923 - Valery Kulikov Bodies and troops of the OGPU 1924 year - Valery Kulikov Employees of the Main Directorate of Camps of the NKVD 1936 - Andrey

In the North Caucasus, three types of Cossack units Terek, Kuban and Don were stationed and carried out military service. In 1936 By order of the NKO USSR 67, a special dress uniform was established for these units. For the Terek and Kuban Cossacks, it consisted of a kubanka, a beshmet, a Circassian coat with a hood, a cloak, bloomers and Caucasian boots. The Don Cossacks wore a papakha, kazakin, harem pants and boots as a weekend outfit.

Camouflage clothing appeared in the Red Army as early as 1936, although experiments began 10 years earlier, but it became widespread only during the war. Initially, these were camouflage coats and capes of spotted color spots in the form of amoebas and received the unofficial name of the amoeba of four colors for summer, spring-autumn, desert and for mountainous regions. In a separate row are white camouflage suits for winter camouflage. Much more mass-produced.

Types of fabrics used for sewing uniforms of the Red Army. Name, article Composition of fabric Color Application Diagonal merino art. 1408 khaki wool, steel, dark and light blue uniforms, tunics and breeches of generals Gabardine merino art. 1311 khaki wool, steel, dark and light blue uniforms, tunics and breeches of generals

In the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army of the Red Army, in the summer they wore half boots, they are also boots and boots, in the cold winter, felt boots were issued. The highest command staff in winter could wear winter cloak boots. The choice of shoes depended on the rank of the soldier; the officers always relied on boots and on the position he held. Before the war, there were many improvements and changes in the field

Summer uniforms of the Red Army for the period 1940-1943. SUMMER GYMNASTERIOR OF THE COMMAND AND COMMANDING STAFF OF THE RED ARMY Introduced by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR 005 of February 1, 1941 The summer tunic is made of a khaki cotton fabric with a turn-down collar fastened with one hook. At the ends of the collar, khaki buttonholes with insignia are sewn on. The gymnast has a chest strap with a clasp

Winter uniform of the Red Army 1940-1945 OVERCOAT Introduced by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR 733 of December 18, 1926. Single-breasted overcoat made of gray overcoat. Turn-down collar. Clasp hidden on five hooks. Welt pockets without flaps. Sleeves with stitched straight cuffs. At the back, the pleat ends with a slit. The strap is fastened to the posts with two buttons. Overcoat for command and command staff introduced by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR

PILOTKA Introduced by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR 176 of December 3, 1935. The cap for the command staff is made of woolen fabric, uniform with a French tunic. The color of the cap for the command staff of the air forces is blue, for the command staff of the auto-armored troops it is steel, for all the rest it is khaki. The cap consists of a cap and two sides. The cap is made on a cotton lining, and the sides are made of two layers of the main fabric. Front

By order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR 005 dated February 1, 1941, a new Standard list of items of clothing items that make up the attire of the junior commanding and rank and file of the Red Army for summer and winter in peacetime and wartime was introduced. FOR PRIVATE COMPOSITION IN THE SUMMER in peacetime I. Uniform 1. Khaki cloth cap. 2. Khaki cotton cap only in combat units for field exercises. 3. Cloth gray overcoat

The clothing of military personnel is established by decrees, orders, rules or special normative acts. Wearing a naval uniform of a naval uniform is mandatory for military personnel of the armed forces of the state and other formations where military service is provided. In the armed forces of Russia, there are a number of accessories that were in the naval uniform of the times of the Russian Empire. These include shoulder straps, boots, long overcoats with buttonholes.

TABLE OF RANKS OF THE USSR MILITARY SERVICE 1935-1945 1935 1 By the Decree of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of September 22, 1935, on the introduction of personal military ranks of the commanding staff of the Red Army and on the approval of the regulation on the service of the command and command staff of the Red Army for the military personnel of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army, command and special military ranks of the commanding composition Military ranks of command and command staff of land and air

By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic 572 of April 3, 1920, sleeve insignia of the Red Army were introduced. A detailed analysis of the history of stripes and chevrons of the Red Army of all periods in the material of the Military Pro. Introduction of sleeve insignia of the Red Army stages, features, symbols Distinctive insignia of the sleeve type are used to identify servicemen of certain branches of the armed forces. To better understand the specifics of the sleeve insignia of the Red Army and the chevrons of the Red Army, we recommend

Black Death is how German soldiers during World War II called the Soviet marines, dressed in black pea jackets. And the Germans perceived the incomprehensible battle cry of the polundra as fall under. When the marines were dressed in combined arms uniforms, the fighters kept the vests and peakless caps and went on the attack wide open and in demons, biting the ribbons in their teeth. Let the enemies see who they're dealing with. History of the Marine Corps Already in the second half of the 16th century, as part of the crews of ships

The first mass-produced Soviet steel helmet SSH-36 appeared in the Red Army in 1936, and by the end of the year it became obvious that it had a lot of shortcomings. The most fundamental of them were the brittleness of steel and low bullet resistance in bending places. Attempts to improve the helmet led to the emergence of a number of experimental samples, some of them were military tests. Red Army soldiers at the parade in steel helmets SSH-36. http forum.guns.ru In June

Metal helmets, widely used in the armies of the world long before our era, lost their protective value by the 18th century due to the massive spread of firearms. By the period of the Napoleonic Wars in European armies, they were used as protective equipment mainly in heavy cavalry. Throughout the 19th century, military headdresses protected their wearers at best from cold, heat or rain. Returning to service steel helmets, or

The abundance of uniforms and equipment accepted for supply in the Red Army led to the fact that tankers, even within the same military unit or unit, could be equipped in different ways. The commanders of light tanks of the Red Army and the Wehrmacht shown in the photo look like thousands of tankers looked on the first day of the war. If possible, the most common variants of uniforms and equipment are indicated in the descriptions, but, of course, the material cannot claim to be exhaustive.

The image shows two infantrymen of the Red Army, a Red Army soldier on June 22, 1941 and a victorious sergeant on May 9, 1945. Even from the photo you can see how the uniforms and equipment were simplified over time, something turned out to be too expensive to manufacture in wartime, something did not take root, something the soldiers did not like and was removed from the supply. And individual items of equipment, on the contrary, were spied on by the enemy or taken as a trophy. It's not all about item placement

Afghan is a slang name used by some military personnel to name a set of field summer winter uniforms for military personnel of the Armed Forces of the USSR, and later the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and the CIS countries. The field one was later used as an everyday military uniform due to poor supply of the military personnel of the Soviet Army and the Navy of the USSR, marines, coastal missile and artillery troops and the Air Force of the fleet, which was used in the initial period in SAVO and OKSVA

Until the end of the 70s, the field uniform of the KGB PV was not much different from the one that was in the land Soviet Army. Unless green shoulder straps and buttonholes, and more frequent and widespread use of KLMK summer camouflage suit. At the end of the 70s, in terms of the development and implementation of a special field uniform, some shifts took place, which resulted in the appearance of summer and winter field suits with a hitherto unusual cut. 1.

In 1985, by Order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR 145-84g, a new field uniform was introduced, the same for all categories of military personnel, which received the common name Afghan, the first to receive units and subunits located on the territory of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. In 1988 In 1988, by Order of the USSR Ministry of Defense 250 of 03/04/88, soldiers, sergeants and cadets without a tunic in a green shirt are introduced to wear a dress uniform. From left to right

From left to right Summer parade of marshals and generals except for the Air Force - for formation. The winter parade of marshals and generals, except for the Air Force, is out of order. Summer parade of marshals and generals of the Air Force - for building and out of order. Summer ceremonial dress of marshals and generals in the Air Force blue cap and trousers. Summer casual marshals and generals - loose trousers out of order. Summer field marshals and generals

Official insignia of the military personnel of the Red Army 1919-1921. With the advent of the RCP b to power in November 1917, the new leaders of the country, relying on the thesis of Karl Marx about replacing the regular army with the general armament of the working people, began active work to eliminate the imperial army of Russia. In particular, on December 16, 1917, all military ranks were abolished by the decrees of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars On the elective beginning and organization of power in the army and On the equalization of the rights of all military personnel.

Insignia of the Red Army military personnel by ranks 1935-40. The period under review covers the time from September 1935 to November 1940. By a decree of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of September 22, 1935, personal military ranks are established for all military personnel, which are strictly correlated with their positions. Each position corresponds to a certain rank. A soldier may have a rank lower than that defined for this position, or the corresponding one. But he can't get

PERSONAL MILITARY RANKS OF THE MILITARY SERVANTS 1935-1945 PERSONAL MILITARY RANKS OF THE MILITARY SERVICES OF THE LAND AND SEA FORCES OF THE RKKA 1935-1940 Introduced by resolutions of the Council of People's Commissars 2590 for the ground and air forces of the Red Army and Naval Forces of the Red Army of September 22, 1935. Declared by order of the People's Commissar of Defense 144 of September 26, 1935. Private and command staff Political composition

On January 6, 1943, shoulder straps for the personnel of the Soviet Army were introduced in the USSR. Initially, shoulder straps had a practical meaning. With their help, the belt of the cartridge bag was held. Therefore, at first there was only one shoulder strap, on the left shoulder, since the cartridge bag was worn on the right side. In most fleets of the world, epaulettes were not used, and the rank was indicated by stripes on the sleeve, the sailors did not wear a cartridge bag. In Russia, shoulder straps

Uniforms of the Red Army Headwear of the Red Army Patch insignia Patch insignia Patch insignia Patch insignia Patch insignia Patch insignia Patch insignia Patch insignia Patch insignia Patch insignia Patch

This attribute of military equipment has earned a worthy place among others, thanks to its simplicity, unpretentiousness and, most importantly, complete irreplaceability. The name helmet itself comes from the French casque or from the Spanish casco skull, helmet. According to encyclopedias, this term refers to a leather or metal headgear used to protect the head by the military and other categories of persons operating in dangerous conditions by miners,

Name From a Bogatyr to a Frunzevka There is a version in journalism that the Budyonovka was developed back in the First World War in such helmets, the Russians supposedly had to go through the victory parade in Berlin. However, no confirmed evidence of this has been found. But according to the documents, the history of the competition for the development of uniforms for the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army is well traced. The competition was announced on May 7, 1918, and on December 18, the Republican Revolutionary Military Council approved a sample of a winter headgear - a helmet,

June 3, 1946 in accordance with the decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, signed by I. V. Stalin, the Airborne Forces were withdrawn from the Air Force and subordinated directly to the Ministry of the Armed Forces of the USSR. Paratroopers at the November 1951 parade in Moscow. A sleeve badge is visible on the right sleeve of those marching in the first rank. The resolution ordered the head of the Logistics of the USSR Armed Forces, together with the commander of the Airborne Forces, to prepare proposals

The emblem of the Airborne Forces - in the form of a parachute surrounded by two aircraft - is known to everyone. It became the basis for the subsequent development of the entire symbolism of the units and formations of the Airborne Forces. This sign is not only an expression of the serviceman's belonging to the winged infantry, but also a kind of symbol of the spiritual unity of all paratroopers. But few people know the name of the author of the emblem. And this was the work of Zinaida Ivanovna Bocharova, a beautiful, smart, hardworking girl who worked as a leading draftsman at the headquarters of the Airborne

Knapsack of a soldier of the Red Army 1. Knapsack TRAVELING EQUIPMENT OF THE FIGHTER - INFANTRY ARROW Camping equipment fig. with the calculation of wearable reserves is not taken. ASSEMBLING AND FITTING THE ATTACKING EQUIPMENT On the waist belt, put on the following items in sequence,

INSTRUCTIONS FOR FITTING, ASSEMBLY AND SAVING THE UNIFIED TRAVELING EQUIPMENT OF THE COMMANDER STAFF OF THE RKKA RVS USSR Order 183 1932 1. General Provisions overcoats and warm overalls leather uniforms, fur clothes b with waist and shoulder straps in three sizes 1 height namely 1 Equipment

From buttonholes to epaulettes P. Lipatov Uniforms and insignia of the ground troops of the Red Army, internal troops of the NKVD and border troops during the Great Patriotic War The Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army of the Red Army entered World War II in the uniform of the 1935 model. At about the same time, they acquired the usual us the appearance of Wehrmacht soldiers. In 1935, by order of the People's Commissariat of Defense of December 3, new uniforms and insignia were introduced for the entire personnel of the Red Army.

The Soviet system of insignia is unique. This practice is not found in the armies of other countries of the world, and it was, perhaps, the only innovation of the communist government; otherwise, the order was copied from the rules of army insignia of tsarist Russia. The insignia of the first two decades of the existence of the Red Army were buttonholes, which were later replaced by shoulder straps. The rank was determined by the shape of the triangles, squares, rhombuses under the star,

They do not emit a warlike roar, they do not sparkle with a polished surface, they are not decorated with chased coats of arms and plumes, and quite often they are generally hidden under jackets. However, today, without this armor, unsightly in appearance, it is simply unthinkable to send soldiers into battle or ensure the safety of VIPs. Body armor is clothing that prevents bullets from entering the body and therefore protects a person from being shot. It is made from materials that scatter

In the last century, during the Soviet Union, there was a higher rank of generalissimo. However, this title was not awarded to any person during the entire existence of the Soviet Union, except for Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin. The proletarian people themselves asked for this man to be awarded the highest military rank for all his services to the Motherland. This happened after the unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany in the 45th year. Soon that the working people asked for such an honor

We will have to start the story about the introduction of insignia in the Soviet army with some general questions. In addition, a short digression into the history of the Russian state will be useful in order not to formulate empty references to the past. The shoulder straps themselves are a kind of product that is worn on the shoulders in order to indicate the position or rank, as well as the type of troops and service affiliation. This is carried out in several ways by fastening straps, stars, making gaps, chevrons.

The era, a couple of decades long, which begins after the Bolsheviks came to power, marked itself with numerous changes in the life of the former Empire. The reorganization of practically all structures of peaceful and military activities turned out to be a rather lengthy and contentious process. In addition, from the course of history, we know that immediately after the revolution, Russia was swept by a bloody civil war, in which there was intervention. It is hard to imagine that the original rows

The entire period of the existence of the USSR can be divided into several stages according to various epoch-making events. As a rule, changes in the political life of the state lead to a number of cardinal changes, including in the army. The pre-war period, which is limited to 1935-1940, went down in history as the birth of the Soviet Union, and special attention should be paid not only to the state of the material part of the armed forces, but also to the organization of the hierarchy in management. Prior to the beginning of this period, there was

Even during the Second World War, detachments of marines instilled fear in German soldiers. Since then, the second name black death or black devils has been attached to the latter, indicating the inevitable reprisal against those who encroach on the integrity of the state. Perhaps this nickname is somehow connected with the fact that the infantryman wore a black pea jacket. Only one thing is known for certain if the enemy is afraid, then this is already the lion's share of victory, and, as you know, the motto is considered a symbol of the marines

Considering all the stages of the creation of the Russian armed forces, it is necessary to delve deeply into history, and although during the time of the principalities we are not talking about the Russian empire, and even more so about the regular army, the emergence of such a thing as defense capability begins precisely from this era. In the XIII century, Rus' was represented by separate principalities. Although their military squads were armed with swords, axes, spears, sabers and bows, they could not serve as a reliable defense against extraneous encroachments. United army

Even before the First World War, a uniform appeared in the Russian army, consisting of a protective color of trousers, a shirt-tunic, an overcoat and boots. We have seen her more than once in films about the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars. Soviet uniform from World War II. Since then, several uniform reforms have been carried out, but they mainly affected only the dress uniform. The edgings, shoulder straps, buttonholes changed in uniforms, and the field uniform remained practically unchanged.

Organs and internal troops of the NKVD 1935-1937. Let me remind you that the Internal Troops have undergone numerous reorganizations, renamings, etc. over the years of their existence. With the creation immediately after the October 1917 coup of the Council of People's Commissars, the Council of People's Commissars was immediately created as one of the thirteen people's commissariats, the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs of the Russian Republic of the NKVD. Then it became known as the NKVD of the RSFSR. Then, as the union republics formed, they added

The Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army of the Red Army entered the Second World War in the uniform of the 1935 model. At about the same time, Wehrmacht soldiers acquired their familiar appearance. In 1935, by order of the People's Commissariat of Defense of December 3, new uniforms and insignia were introduced for the entire personnel of the Red Army. The former official ranks by category were abolished, personal old ones were established for commanders, while they were partly preserved for military-political, military-technical,

In the Red Army, two types of buttonholes were used - everyday color and field protective. There were also differences in the buttonholes of the commanding and commanding staff, so that it was possible to distinguish the commander from the chief. Field buttonholes were introduced by order of the USSR NKO 253 of August 1, 1941, which abolished the wearing of colored insignia for all categories of military personnel. It was ordered to switch to buttonholes, emblems and insignia of a completely green camouflage color.

Soviet mountain gunners in ambush. Caucasus. 1943 Based on considerable combat experience gained during the Great Patriotic War, the Main Directorate of Combat Training of the Main Directorate of Combat Training of the GUBP of the Ground Forces of the Red Army undertook a fundamental solution to the issues of providing the latest weapons and equipment to the Soviet infantry. In the summer of 1945, a meeting was held in Moscow to discuss all the problems facing combined arms commanders. At this meeting, presentations were made by

Various types of small arms and edged weapons that were in service with partisans Trophy weapons of partisans Various independent alterations of copies of Soviet and captured weapons Actions of partisans behind enemy lines damage power lines, posting propaganda leaflets, intelligence, destruction of traitors. Ambushes behind enemy lines, destruction of enemy columns and manpower Undermining bridges and railways, methods

As a result of the adoption of two decrees on December 15, 1917, the Council of People's Commissars abolished all the ranks and military ranks in the Russian army that remained from the previous regime. The period of the formation of the Red Army. First insignia. Thus, all the soldiers of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army organized as a result of the order of January 15, 1918 no longer had any uniform military uniform, as well as special insignia. Nevertheless, in the same year, a badge was introduced for the fighters of the Red Army

Insignia of the Red Army, 1917-24 1. Patch of the infantry, 1920-24. 2. Armband of the Red Guard, 1917. 3. Sleeve patch of the Kalmyk cavalry units of the South-Eastern Front, 1919-20. 4. Breastplate of the Red Army, 1918-22. 5. Patch of the escort guards of the Republic, 1922-23. 6. Sleeve insignia of the internal troops of the OGPU, 1923-24. 7. Patch of armored parts Eastern Front, 1918-19. 8. Commander's sleeve patch

On the basis of the adopted norms, a detailed regulation was prepared in a secret mode on the supply of clothing to the army engaged in hostilities. On June 30, 1941, hastily finalized in connection with the unexpected German attack on the USSR, this information was announced by the chief quartermaster's circular for the information of the entire Red Army. However, at that moment the question was not of supplying the front, but of saving front-line supplies from those areas where the troops were retreating. The beginning of the war was

The uniform of the Red Army 1918-1945 is the fruit of the joint efforts of a group of enthusiastic artists, collectors, and researchers who devote all their free time and money to one common idea. Recreating the realities of the era that troubles their hearts provides an opportunity to get closer to a true perception of the central event of the 20th century of the Second World War, which undoubtedly continues to have a serious impact on modern life. Decades of deliberate misrepresentation experienced by our people

We continue to talk about the uniform of the Red Army. This publication will focus on the period 1943-1945, that is, the very height of the Great Patriotic War, paid attention to the changes in the form of the Soviet soldier that occurred in 1943. Senior sergeant of the Air Force with his father, who is a major. Winter and summer uniforms, 1943 and later. The winter tunic looks neat and clean, the summer one is dirty

In the early days. following the Great October Socialist Revolution of 1917, the Bolsheviks began to form armed detachments from the proletarians of manual labor, sailors of the tsarist fleet and deserters of the Imperial Russian army. These detachments became known as the Red Guard. February 23, 1918 is considered the official date of the creation of the Red Army. Until 1946, the armed forces were officially called the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army. Red Army, since 1946 the Soviet Army.

Commanders Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov Born on February 12, 1900 in Serebryanye Prudy, near Venev, Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov was the son of a peasant. From the age of 12, he worked as an apprentice saddler, and when he was 18, he joined the Red Army. In 1918, during the civil war, he participated in the defense of Tsaritsyn later - Stalingrad, and in 1919 joined the CPSU b and was appointed regiment commander. In 1925, Chuikov graduated from the Military Academy. M.V. Frunze, then participated

The entire period of the existence of the USSR can be divided into several stages according to various epoch-making events. As a rule, changes in the political life of the state lead to a number of cardinal changes, including in the army. The pre-war period, which is limited to 1935-1940, went down in history as the birth of the Soviet Union, and special attention should be paid not only to the state of the material part of the armed forces, but also to the organization of the hierarchy in management.

Before the beginning of this period, there was a kind of disguised system by which the military ranks of the Soviet army were determined. However, the question of creating a more advanced gradation soon arose. Although the ideology did not allow for the direct introduction of a structure similar to the one currently used, for the reason that the concept of an officer was considered a relic of the tsarist era, Stalin could not help but understand that such a ranking would help to clearly establish the boundaries of the duties and responsibilities of commanders.

The modern approach to the organization of army subordination has one more merit. The activity of personnel is greatly facilitated, since it was possible to develop individual functionality for each rank. Here it should be noted that the transition to the introduction of officer ranks was being prepared for several years. The very fact that such concepts as “officer” or “general” are returning to everyday life was perceived critically by military leaders.

Military ranks of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army

In 1932, a decree of the Council of People's Commissars was published, according to which the previously existing division into conditional categories was abolished. By December 35th, the transition to ranks was completed. But until 1943, the ranks of privates and junior officers still included job titles. The entire contingent was divided into the following categories:

• command staff;
• military-political;
• boss;
• military-technical;
• economic or administrative;
• medical and veterinary;
• legal;
• private.

If we imagine that each composition had its own specific ranks, it becomes clear that such a system was considered quite complex. By the way, it was possible to put an end to its remnants only closer to the 80s of the XX century. Reliable information on this issue can be obtained from the edition of the military charter of the Armed Forces of the Red Army of 1938.

Find out: How is the surrender for maroon beret, what awaits the applicant

Stalin's strange decision

The totalitarian regime, which was especially pronounced during the Great Patriotic War, did not even allow thoughts contrary to the opinion of I.V. Stalin, and his decision to return shoulder straps and officer ranks to the Red Army was openly criticized not only in the foreign press, but also by the brightest representatives of the Soviet command.

The reform in the army came at the hottest stages of the war. At the beginning of 1943, their former ranks and epaulettes "returned" to the officers. Dissatisfaction was caused by the fact that the builders of communism had long ago renounced these archaisms.

By decision of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces, a corresponding Decree was adopted. Until now, historians consider this decision somewhat strange.

1. Firstly, only a person who clearly understands the ultimate goals can decide to reform the army during the period of active hostilities.
2. Secondly, there is a certain risk that the soldiers will feel certain steps back in this measure, which will significantly break their morale.

Although the end justifies the means, and there is always a percentage of the probability of a positive outcome of the reform. Naturally, the Western press saw in this the first notes of the loss of the Soviet Union in the Second World War.

It cannot be assumed that the new shoulder straps were an exact copy of the shoulder straps of tsarist Russia, and the designations and the titles themselves differed significantly. The lieutenant replaced the second lieutenant, and the captain replaced the staff captain. Personally, Stalin was the initiator of the idea of ​​​​using stars on shoulder straps of various sizes.

For example, the highest ranks in the army of the USSR since that time were designated by large stars (marshal - one star with a coat of arms). Only later did history find out the real reason for this decision of the leader. At all times, the era of Peter's reforms was revered and evoked a feeling of patriotism. The return to that scheme, which established the rank of each serviceman, should have inspired the fighters of the Red Army. Despite the war, the USSR was preparing for the Great Victory, which means that Berlin must be taken by officers whose ranks are consonant with the ranks of the allied countries. Was it politically motivated? Definitely yes.

Find out: Rear admirals of the Russian fleet, rank history

Military ranks in the 50s - 80s of the century

Shoulder straps and ranks in the army of the USSR until the end of its existence were revised more than once. Almost every decade in history was marked by reforms. So, in 1955, the title "Admiral of the Fleet" was abolished, and the title "Admiral of the Fleet of the USSR" was established. Later, everything returned to its place with the interpretation "... for consistency between the ranks of senior officers."

In the sixties, it was decided to designate education by adding the specialty of an engineer or technician. The complete hierarchy looked like this:

• junior engineer lieutenant - engineer-captain;
• major engineer and so on respectively.
• junior technician-lieutenant - captain of the technical service;
• major of technical service and further respectively.

By the mid-eighties, the idea was ripe to completely remove the previously existing line between command personnel, equate the ranks of military personnel with different formations, establish a single training profile, and bring the ranks of the ground forces and the navy into line. Moreover, this correspondence does not consist only in consonance. The fact is that more and more exercises began to be carried out, in which several branches of the armed forces are simultaneously involved. For effective management of the army, the names of these genera began to be excluded from the ranks. By a decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces, military ranks in the Soviet army ceased to contain special articles.

Since 1969, the order of wearing a military uniform has been introduced. It is now subdivided into front, everyday, field and work. The working uniform is only for privates and non-commissioned officers undergoing military service. The shoulder straps of the military personnel of the ground forces, the air force and the navy differ in color. For the category of sergeants, foremen, warrant officers and midshipmen, the following norm is established: SV - red shoulder straps, Air Force - blue, shoulder straps of the USSR Navy - black.

The corporal on the chase wears a cloth strap located across. The shoulder straps of the SV and VVS contain the letters SA, which stands for "Soviet Army". Navy epaulettes differ not only in color, but also in the presence of a gilded letter F. Since 1933, on the purse of a foreman, the strip has been located along, and before that it was supplemented with a transverse strip, forming a semblance of the letter “T”. Obtaining a new rank of senior warrant officer since 1981 is accompanied by the addition of a third star on the shoulder strap.

epaulettes of the highest command staff (generals, marshals)

FIELD epaulettes
A field of epaulettes made of silk galloon of special weaving on a cloth lining. The color of the field of shoulder straps is protective. The color of the shoulder straps: combined arms generals, generals of artillery, tank troops, medical and veterinary services, higher beginning. the composition of the military legal service - red; aviation generals - blue; generals of the technical troops and quartermaster service - crimson.

Stars on shoulder straps were embroidered with silver 22 mm in size. On the shoulder straps of the generals of the medical, veterinary service and higher beginning. composition of the military legal service - gold, 20 mm in size. Buttons on shoulder straps with coat of arms are gilded. On the shoulder straps of generals honey. services - gilded metal emblems; on the shoulder straps of the generals blows. services - the same emblems, but silver plated; on the shoulder straps of the higher beginning. composition of the senior legal service - gilded metal emblems.

By order of the NPO of the USSR No. 79 dated February 14, 1943, shoulder straps were installed, incl. and for the higher engineering and technical staff of the communications troops, engineering, chemical, railway, topographic troops - to the generals of the engineering and technical service, according to the model established by the generals of the technical troops. From this order, the highest chief. the composition of the military legal service began to be called the generals of justice.

EVERYDAY epaulettes

The field of epaulettes is made of galloon of special weaving: from gold drag.
For generals of medical and veterinary services, higher beginning. composition of the military legal service - from silver drawing. The color of the shoulder straps: combined arms generals, generals of artillery, tank troops, medical and veterinary services, higher beginning. the composition of the military legal service - red; aviation generals - blue; generals of the technical troops and quartermaster service - crimson.

Asterisks on shoulder straps were embroidered on a golden field - in silver, on a silver field - in gold. Buttons on shoulder straps with coat of arms are gilded. On the shoulder straps of generals honey. services - gilded metal emblems; on the shoulder straps of the generals blows. services - the same emblems, but silver plated; on the shoulder straps of the higher beginning. composition of the senior legal service - gilded metal emblems.

By order of the NPO of the USSR No. 61 dated February 8, 1943, silver emblems were installed for generals of artillery to wear on shoulder straps.

By order of the NPO of the USSR No. 79 dated February 14, 1943, shoulder straps were installed, incl. and for the higher engineering and technical staff of the communications troops, engineering, chemical, railway, topographic troops - to the generals of the engineering and technical service, according to the model established by the generals of the technical troops. Probably from this order the highest beginning. the composition of the military legal service began to be called the generals of justice.

These epaulettes existed without fundamental changes until 1962, when, by order of the USSR Ministry of Defense No. 127 of May 12, sewn-on epaulettes with a steel-colored field were installed on the generals' parade-outcoats.