Mikhail saltykov-shchedrin - neighbors. The Wise Piskar Summary of the story neighbors saltykov shchedrin

In a certain village lived two neighbors: Ivan the Rich and Ivan the Poor. The rich were called "sord" and "Semyonich", and the poor - simply Ivan, and sometimes Ivashka. Both were good people, and Ivan Bogaty is even excellent. As a philanthropist in all form. He himself did not produce values, but he thought very nobly about the distribution of wealth. “This, he says, is a mite on my part. The other, he says, does not produce any values, and he thinks ignorantly - this is disgusting. And I’m still nothing.” And Ivan the Poor did not think at all about the distribution of wealth (he had no time for it), but, instead, produced values. And he also said: "This is a contribution on my part."

They will converge in the evening on the eve of a holiday, when both the poor and the rich are all idle, sit on a bench in front of the mansion of Ivan the Bogaty and begin to scribble.

What's the cabbage soup with you tomorrow? - Ivan Bogaty will ask.

With empty, - Ivan Poor will answer.

And I have a slaughterhouse.

Ivan Rich yawns, crosses his mouth, looks at Poor Ivan, and he will feel sorry for him.

It is wonderful in the world, - he says, - that a person is constantly at work, he has empty cabbage soup on the table on holidays; and the one who is in useful leisure - with that and on weekdays with the slaughter. Why did it happen?

And I have been thinking for a long time: "Why would it be?" - Yes, I have no time to ponder. I’ll just start thinking that I’ll have to go to the forest for firewood; brought firewood - you see whether to carry manure or to leave with a plow it's time to go. So, in the meantime, thoughts go away.

It would be necessary, however, for us to judge this matter.

And I say: it should be.

Ivan Poor, for his part, yawns, crosses his mouth, goes to sleep and sees tomorrow's empty cabbage soup in his sleep. And the next day he wakes up - he looks, Ivan the Rich surprise has prepared for him: slaughter, for the sake of the holiday, he sent in cabbage soup.

On the next pre-holiday eve, the neighbors will again converge and again they will take up the old matter.

Do you believe, - says Ivan the Bogaty, - both in reality and in a dream, I see only one thing: how much you are offended against me!

And thanks for that, - Ivan Bedny will answer.

Even though I bring considerable benefit to society with noble thoughts, but you ... if you hadn’t come out on time with the plow, perhaps you would have had to sit too long without bread. Is that what I say?

This is so accurate. Only I must not leave, because in this case I will be the first to die of hunger.

The truth is yours: this mechanic is cleverly arranged. However, do not think that I approve of her - not my God! I only grieve about one thing: "Lord, how can I do this so that Ivan the Poor feels good? So that I will have my portion, and he will have his portion."

And with that, sir, thank you for worrying. It is, indeed, that if it were not your virtue - I would sit in prison for a holiday on one ...

What you! What are you! Am I talking about that! Forget about it, but here's what I mean. How many times have I made up my mind: "I will go, they say, and give half of my estate to the poor!" And he gave it away. And what! Today I gave half of my estate, and the next day I will wake up - instead of the waning half, three quarters again showed up.

So, with a percentage ...

Nothing can be done, brother. I - from money, and money - to me. I’m a poor handful, and instead of one, I don’t know where, two. What a miracle!

They will speak up and start yawning. And between the conversation, Ivan Bogaty still thinks: "What can I do so that tomorrow Ivan Poor will have cabbage soup with a slaughterhouse?" He thinks, thinks, and even thinks up.

Listen, milyaga! - he will say, - now it’s not long and before nightfall, go to my garden to dig up a bed. You joke for an hour with a shovel, and I will reward you as much as possible, as if you were really working.

And indeed, Poor Ivan will play with a shovel for an hour or two, and tomorrow he will have a holiday, as if he has "really worked".

For a long time, or for a short time, the neighbors clucked in such a manner, only at the end Ivan the Bogaty's heart boiled so much that he really couldn't stand it. I’ll go, he says, to Nabolshiy himself, I’ll fall in front of him and say: “You are the eye of the Tsarevo! You decide here and knit, punish and have mercy! , from him a supply - and from me a supply, from his tithe a penny - and from my tithe a penny. And so that both his and my souls were equally free from excise tax! "

And as he said, so he did. He came to Nabolshoy, fell before him and explained his grief. And Nabolshiy praised Ivan Bogaty for this. I said to him: "To you, good fellow, because you do not forget your neighbor, Ivashka the Poor. There is nothing more pleasant for the authorities, as if the sovereign's subjects live in good harmony and in mutual joy, and there is no evil worse than if they they spend their time in swar, in hatred and denunciations of each other! " Nabolshiy said this and, on his own fear, commanded his assistants that, in the form of experience, both Ivans had an equal court, and equal tributes, but as it was before: one carries burdens, and the other sings songs - henceforth, so that there will be no ...

Ivan Bogaty returned to his village, he does not hear the earth beneath him for joy.

Here, dear friend, - he says to Ivan the Poor, - I, by the mercy of the boss, rolled a heavy stone from my soul! Now, against you, in the form of experience, I will not have any freedom. A recruit from you - and a recruit from me, a supply from you - and a supply from me, a penny from your tithe - and from my penny. Before you even have time to look back, you will have a slaughter every day from this one line of equal proportions in the cabbage soup!

Ivan Bogaty said this, while he himself, in the hope of fame and good, left for the warm waters, where he spent two years in a row and spent useful leisure.

Been in Westphalia - eating Westphalian ham; was in Strasbourg - eating Strasbourg pies; I was in Bordeaux - I drank Bordeaux wine; finally arrived in Paris - he drank and ate everything. In a word, he lived so merrily that he took his legs away. And all the time I was thinking about Ivan Poor: "That is why now, after a meal, he is peeing on both cheeks!"

And Ivan the Poor meanwhile lived in works. Today he will plow the strip, and tomorrow he will plow; today the octopus will mow, and tomorrow, if God gives a bucket, the hay will be dried. I forgot my way to the tavern, because he knows that the tavern is his death. And his wife, Marya Ivanovna, works at the same time with him: he reaps, and harrows, and shakes hay, and chops wood. And their kids have grown up - and they are eager to work at least a little. In a word, the whole family is boiling from morning to night, and yet empty cabbage soup does not leave her table. And since Ivan Bogaty left the village, Ivan Bedny has not seen surprises even on holidays.

Bad luck to us, - says the poor man to his wife, - so they equated me, in the form of experience, in the hardships with Ivan Bogaty, and we are all with the same interest. We live richly, sloping from the yard; whatever you miss, but all the people to roll.

So Ivan Bogaty gasped when he saw his neighbor in his former poverty. Frankly speaking, his first thought was that Ivashka was carrying his profits to the tavern. "Is he so ingrained? Is he incorrigible?" he exclaimed in deep distress. However, Ivan Bedny did not have any difficulty in proving that he did not always have enough profits not only for wine, but also for salt. And that he was not a bastard, not a wasteful, but a protective owner, and there was evidence of that. Ivan Poorny showed his household equipment, and everything turned out to be intact, in the same form in which it was before the departure of the rich neighbor for the warm waters. A crippled bay horse - 1; a brown cow, with a tan - 1; sheep - 1; cart, plow, harrow. Even the old logs - and they are leaning against the fence, although, according to summer time, there is no need for them and, therefore, it would be possible, without prejudice to the economy, to lay them in the tavern. Then they examined the hut - and everything was there, only the straw had been pulled out in places from the roof; but this also happened because there was not enough feed the year before last, so they prepared cutting for cattle from rotten straw.

In a word, there was not a single fact that would accuse Ivan the Bedny of debauchery or extravagance. He was a root, crushed Russian peasant who strained every effort to exercise all his right to life, but, due to some bitter misunderstanding, exercised it only to the most insufficient extent.

God! but why is it? - Ivan the Bogaty grieved, - so you and I have been made equal, and we have the same rights, and we pay equal tributes, and yet no benefit is foreseen for you - why not?

I myself think: "Why would you?" - Ivan the Poor responded sadly.

Ivan Rich began to scatter with his mind and, of course, found a reason. Because, they say, it turns out that we have no public or private initiative. Society is indifferent; private people - everyone trades about himself; the rulers, though exerting their strength, are in vain. Therefore, first of all, society must be encouraged.

No sooner said than done. Ivan Semyonitch, a rich gathering in the village, gathered and, in the presence of all the householders, made a brilliant speech about the benefits of public and private initiative ... He spoke at length, friable and intelligible, like metal beads in front of pigs; proved by examples that only those societies represent the guarantee of prosperity and vitality, which they know how to provide for themselves; those who allow events to take place in addition to public participation, they doom themselves in advance to gradual extinction and final destruction. In a word, everything that I read in the ABC, I laid it out in front of the audience.

The result exceeded all expectations. Posad people not only saw the light, but also imbued with self-awareness. They had never experienced such a hot influx of the most varied sensations. It seemed that a long-desired but somehow and somewhere delayed wave of life suddenly crept up to them, which lifted this dark people high, high on itself. The crowd cheered, enjoying their epiphany; Ivan the Bogaty was honored, called a hero. And in conclusion, the verdict was unanimously passed: 1) to close the tavern forever; 2) lay the foundation for self-help by founding the Society of the Willing Penny.

On the same day, according to the number of souls assigned to the village, two thousand twenty-three kopecks were received at the cashier's office, and Ivan Bogaty, in addition, donated to the poor one hundred copies of the ABC-kopeck, saying: “Read, friends! need you! "

Again Ivan the Bogaty left for warm waters, and again Ivan the Poor was left with useful labors, which this time, thanks to the new conditions of self-help and the assistance of the ABC-penny, should undoubtedly bear fruit a hundredfold.

A year has passed, another has passed. Whether during this time Ivan Rich in Westphalia ate Westphalian ham, and in Strasbourg - Strasbourg pies, I cannot say for certain. But I know that when he returned home at the end of the term, he was stunned in the full sense of the word.

Ivan the Poor was sitting in a crumbling shack, thin, emaciated; on the table stood a cup with prisons, into which Marya Ivanovna, on the occasion of a holiday, poured a spoonful of hemp oil for a scent. The children sat around the table and was in a hurry to eat, as if fearing that a stranger would not come and demand the orphan's share.

Why did it happen? - with bitterness, almost hopelessness, exclaimed Ivan Bogaty.

And I say, "Why would that be?" - out of habit, Ivan Bedny responded.

The pre-holiday interviews began again on the bench in front of Ivan Bogaty's mansion; but no matter how comprehensively the interlocutors considered the depressing question, nothing came of these considerations. At first, Ivan Bogatyi thought, that this is happening because we are not ripe; but on reflection, I was convinced that eating a pie with a filling is not at all such a difficult science that a certificate of maturity was necessary for it. He tried to dig a little deeper, but from the very first abtsug such scarecrows jumped up from the depths that he immediately gave himself a vow - never to dig into anything. Finally, we decided on the last resort: to seek clarification from the local sage and philosopher Ivan Prostofila.

The simpleton was a native villager, a wobbly hunchback who, on the occasion of squalor, did not produce valuables, but ate what he went to pieces all year round. But in the village they said about him that he was smart, like the priest Semyon, and he fully justified this reputation. No one knew better than him to breed on beans and show miracles in a sieve. Poop promises a red rooster - lo and behold, a rooster is already flapping its wings somewhere on the roof; it promises hail the size of a pigeon's egg - lo and behold, a maddened herd is fleeing from the hail from the field. Everyone was afraid of him, and when the knock of his beggarly crook was heard under the window, the cook-lady hurried to serve him the best piece as soon as possible.

And this time Poopy lived up to his reputation as a seer. As soon as Ivan Bogaty presented the circumstances of the case to him and then proposed the question: "Why would?" - The simpleton immediately, without hesitation, answered:

Because it says so on the plant.

Ivan Poor, apparently, immediately understood Prostofilin's speech and shook his head hopelessly. But Rich Ivan was decisively perplexed.

There is such a plant, - explained Prostofilya, clearly pronouncing every word and, as it were, enjoying his own insight, - and in this plant it says: Ivan Poor lives on a crossroads, and his home is either a hut or a sieve full of holes. It’s richness that flows all by and behind, so it doesn’t see any delay. And you. Rich Ivan, you live right next to the stack, where streams run from all sides. Your mansions are spacious, well-maintained, the palisades are strong all around. Streams with richness will flow to your residence - they will get stuck here. And if you, for example, handed out half of your estate yesterday, today to replace you as much as three quarters. You - from money, and money - to you. Under whatever bush you look, wealth lies everywhere. This is what it is, this plant. And no matter how much you mess around with your mind, no matter how much you scatter your mind, you will not invent anything, as long as it says so in this plant.

Two Ivans lived in a certain village. They were neighbors, one was rich, the other was poor. Both Ivan were very good people.

The rich was constantly engaged in the distribution of wealth, and the Poor was constantly working, and he did not have much to distribute.

It was in the evening that two neighbors would converge, and they were talking, discussing why they were doing this. The poor man seems to be working tirelessly, but there is not a penny in the house, and the Rich man does nothing, only distributes his wealth, but it does not diminish. They thought how to become their equal. They will sit, talk, and go home. The rich man, out of the kindness of his soul, sometimes sends food to his poor neighbor, he understands how difficult it is for him to live.

Somehow Rich Ivan came up with the idea of ​​going to the sovereign and asking them to equalize with his neighbor. The king praised him for his generosity and did as he asked. The neighbors have now begun to pay the same taxes to the treasury. The rich informed Poor Ivan about this, and he went abroad, hoping that now it would be easier for his neighbor to live.

And Poor's life became even worse, Rich did not send gifts, and there was more work, but there was no money, and there is still no money.

Rich Ivan came from abroad, looked, and Poor, as he lived in poverty, and still lives, Rich thought, that the neighbor in the tavern was drinking everything, but he gave up drinking altogether, because he had no time, and there was nothing.

Again Rich began to think about how to help his neighbor. He created the society "Dobrokhotnaya kopecka", a self-help organization. He closed the tavern and went back to the resort, thinking that now Poor would surely get rich.

When he returned, he found Rich, his neighbor in even greater need, Poor became completely impoverished, then Rich Ivan went to a beggar Poop, who was famous for his shrewd mind, to ask for help in such a difficult matter. Poor man answered him that Poor lives according to plan, at a crossroads and his hut is bad, that goodness does not hold on. And the Rich One is rich because he lives by the very stack, all the streams flow to him, and the mansions are solid, the fences are good, the wealth flows and gets stuck, the Rich man distributes it, and it is added. This is the plan, and it cannot be changed, no matter how hard you try.

This tale is about different strata of society, which, despite their position, lived in peace and harmony.

Picture or drawing Neighbors

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Mikhail Evgrafovich Saltykov-Shchedrin

In a certain village lived two neighbors: Ivan the Rich and Ivan the Poor. The rich were called "sir" and "Semyonich", and the poor - simply Ivan, and sometimes Ivashka. Both were good people, and Ivan Bogaty was even excellent. As a philanthropist in all form. He himself did not produce values, but he thought very nobly about the distribution of wealth. “This, he says, is a mite on my part. The other, he says, does not produce values ​​either, and he thinks ignorantly - this is disgusting. And I’m still nothing. ” And Ivan the Poor didn’t think about the distribution of wealth at all (he had no time for it), but instead he produced values. And he also said: this is a contribution on my part.

They will converge in the evening on the eve of a holiday, when both the poor and the rich are all idle, sit on a bench in front of the mansion of Ivan the Bogaty and begin to scribble.

What's the cabbage soup with you tomorrow? - Ivan Bogaty will ask.

With empty, - Ivan Poor will answer.

And I have a slaughterhouse.

Ivan Rich yawns, crosses his mouth, looks at Poor Ivan, and he will feel sorry for him.

It is wonderful in the world, - he says, - that a person is constantly at work, he has empty cabbage soup on the table on holidays; and the one who is in useful leisure - with that and on weekdays with the slaughter. Why did it happen? j

And I have been thinking for a long time: why would it be? Yes, I have no time to ponder. I’ll just start thinking that I’ll have to go to the forest for firewood; brought firewood - you see whether to carry manure or to leave with a plow it's time to go. So, in the meantime, thoughts go away.

It would be necessary, however, for us to judge this matter:

And I say: it should be.

Ivan Poor, for his part, yawns, crosses his mouth, goes to sleep and sees tomorrow's empty cabbage soup in his sleep. And the next day he wakes up - he looks, Ivan Richy has prepared a surprise for him: he sent slaughterhouses for the sake of the holiday.

On the next pre-holiday eve, the neighbors will again converge and again they will take up the old matter.

Do you believe, - says Ivan the Bogaty, - both in reality and in a dream, I see only one thing: how much you are offended against me!

And thanks for that, - Ivan Bedny will answer.

Even though I bring considerable benefit to society with noble thoughts, however, you ... if you hadn’t come out on time with the plow, perhaps you would have had to sit too long without bread. Is that what I say?

This is so accurate. Only I must not leave, because in this case I will be the first to die of hunger.

The truth is yours: this mechanic is cleverly arranged. However, do not think that I approve of her - not my God! I only grieve about one thing: “Lord! how to make Ivan the Poor feel good ?! So that I - my portion, and he - his portion. "

And with that, sir, thank you for worrying. It really is that if it were not your virtue - I would sit in prison on one ...

What you! What are you! Am I talking about that! Forget about it, but here's what I mean. How many times have I made up my mind: I’ll go, they say, and give polymenia to the beggars! And he gave it away. And what! Today I gave polymenia, and the next day I will wake up - instead of the waning half, three-quarters again showed up.

So, with a percentage ...

Nothing can be done, brother. I - from money, and money - to me. I’m a poor handful, and instead of one, I don’t know where two. What a miracle!

They will speak up and start yawning. And between the conversation, Ivan Bogaty still thinks: what could be done so that tomorrow Ivan Poor would have cabbage soup with a slaughterhouse? He thinks, thinks, and even thinks up.

Listen, milyaga! - will say. - Now it’s not long and it’s left until nightfall, go to my garden to dig up a bed. You joke for an hour with a shovel, and I will reward you as much as possible, as if you were really working.

And indeed, Poor Ivan will play with a shovel for an hour or two, and tomorrow he will have a holiday, as if he had “really worked”.

For a long time, or for a short time, the neighbors clucked in such a manner, only at the end Ivan the Bogaty's heart boiled so much that he really couldn't stand it. “I’ll go, he says, to Nabolshiy himself, fall in front of him and say: 'You are the eye of the king! here you decide and knit, punish and have mercy! They took me and Ivan the Poor one verst to a verst. So that from him a recruit - and from me a recruit, from him a supply - and from me a supply, from his tithe a penny - and from my tithe a penny. And souls so that both his and mine are equally free from excise tax! "

And as he said, so he did. He came to Nabolshoy, fell before him and explained his grief. And Nabolshiy praised Ivan Bogaty for this. I said to him: “To use it for you, good fellow, because you don’t forget your neighbor, Ivashka the Poor. There is nothing more pleasant for the authorities than if the sovereign's subjects live in good agreement and in mutual zeal, and there is no such evil more evil than if they spend time in a quarrel, in hatred and in denunciations of each other! " Nabolshy said this and, at his own fear, commanded his assistants that, in the form of experience, the court would be equal to both Ivans and the tributes were equal, but as it was before: one carries burdens, and the other sings songs, so that there will be no more.

BARAN-UNREMEMBER
The non-remembering ram is the hero of a fairy tale. He began to see vague dreams that disturbed him, making him suspect that "the world does not end with the walls of the barn." Sheep began to mockingly call him "clever" and "philosopher" and shun him. The ram withered and died. Explaining what happened, the sheep-dog Nikita suggested that the deceased "saw a free ram in a dream."

BOGATYR
The hero is the hero of the fairy tale, the son of Baba Yaga. Sent by her on exploits, he uprooted one oak tree, smashed another with his fist, and when he saw the third, with a hollow, climbed there and fell asleep, frightening the surroundings with a snore. His glory was great. They both feared the hero and hoped that he would gain strength in a dream. But centuries passed, and he still slept, not coming to the aid of his country, no matter what happened to it. When, during an enemy invasion, they approached him to help him out, it turned out that the Bogatyr had long been dead and rotted. His image was so clearly aimed against the autocracy that the tale remained unpublished until 1917.

WILD LAND
The wild landowner is the hero of the fairy tale of the same name. Having read the retrograde newspaper "Vest", he foolishly complained that "a lot of divorced ... peasants", and tried to oppress them in every possible way. God heard the tearful peasant prayers, and "there was no peasant in the entire space of the stupid landowner's possessions." He was delighted (the "clean" air became), but it turned out that now he could not receive guests, not eat himself, or even wipe the dust from the mirror, and there was no one to pay taxes to the treasury. However, he did not deviate from his "principles" and as a result became wild, began to move on all fours, lost his human speech and became like a predatory beast (once he did not lift the police officer himself). Concerned about the lack of taxes and the impoverishment of the treasury, the authorities ordered "to catch the peasant and put him back." With great difficulty, they also caught the landowner and brought him into a more or less decent form.

CARP-IDEALIST
The idealist crucian is the hero of the fairy tale of the same name. Living in a quiet backwater, he is complacent and cherishes dreams of the triumph of good over evil, and even of the opportunity to reason with the Pike (which he has seen since birth) that she has no right to eat others. He eats seashells, justifying himself by the fact that they "climb into their mouths" and they have "not a soul, but steam." Presenting himself to Pike with his speeches, for the first time he was released with the advice: "Go sleep it off!" In the second, he was suspected of "sicism" and was pretty much bitten during interrogation by Okun, and the third time Pike was so surprised by his exclamation: "Do you know what virtue is?" - that she opened her mouth and almost involuntarily swallowed her interlocutor. ”The character of Karas grotesquely captures the features of the modern writer of liberalism.

Sane hare
The sane hare is the hero of the fairy tale of the same name, "he reasoned so sensibly that a donkey would fit." He believed that “every animal has its own life” and that, although “everyone eats hares,” he is “not picky” and “agrees to live in every possible way”. In the heat of this philosophizing, he was caught by the Fox, who, having bored him with speeches, ate him.

KISEL
Kissel, the hero of the fairy tale of the same name, "was so arrogant and soft that he did not feel any inconvenience from being eaten. withered scrapes. ”In a grotesque form, both peasant obedience and the post-reform impoverishment of the village, plundered not only by the“ gentlemen ”landowners, but also by new bourgeois predators, who, according to the satirist's conviction, like pigs,“ do not know enough ... ".

Generals - characters in "The Tale of how one man fed two generals." Miraculously, we found ourselves on a deserted island in some nightgowns and with orders around their necks. They could do nothing and, starving, almost ate each other. Thinking over, they decided to look for the peasant and, having found it, demanded that he feed them. Later they lived by his labors, and when they got bored, he built "such a vessel so that you could swim across the ocean-sea." Upon their return to Petersburg, G. received the pension that had accumulated over the past years, and a glass of vodka and a nickle of silver were granted to their breadwinner.

Ruff is a character in the fairy tale "Carp the idealist". He looks at the world with bitter sobriety, seeing strife and savagery everywhere. Over the reasoning, Karas mocks, exposing him to a complete ignorance of life and inconsistency (Karas is indignant at the Pike, but he himself eats shells). However, he admits that “after all, you can talk to him alone,” and at times even slightly hesitates in his skepticism, until the tragic outcome of the “dispute” between Karas and Shchuk confirms his innocence.

Liberal is the hero of the fairy tale of the same name. "I was eager to do a good deed," but out of fear, he more and more tempered his ideals and aspirations. At first, he acted only "as far as possible", then agreeing to get "at least something" and, finally, acting "in relation to meanness", consoling himself with the thought: "Today I am lying in the mud, and tomorrow the sun will look out, dry the dirt - I am done again. -Well done!" The eagle-patron is the hero of the fairy tale of the same name. He surrounded himself with a whole court staff and even agreed to start science and art. However, he soon got tired of it (however, the Nightingale was driven out immediately), and he brutally dealt with the Owl and Sokol, who were trying to teach him to read and write and arithmetic, imprisoned the historian Woodpecker in a hollow, etc. Wise squeaker- the hero of the fairy tale of the same name, "enlightened, moderately liberal." Since childhood, he was frightened by his father's warnings about the danger of getting in the ear and concluded that "we must live in such a way that no one will notice." He dug a hole, just to fit himself, did not make any friends or family, he lived and trembled, earning at the end even pike praises: "Well, if everyone lived like this, it would be quiet in the river!" It was only before his death that the "wise" guessed that in that case, "if this were the case, the whole piscari family would have passed away long ago." The story of the wise squeaker in an exaggerated form expresses the meaning or, rather, the whole nonsense of cowardly attempts to “devote oneself to the cult of self-preservation,” as stated in the book “Abroad”. The traits of this character are clearly visible, for example, in the heroes of Modern Idyll, in Polozhylov and other Shchedrin heroes. Characteristic is the remark made by the then critic in the newspaper Russkiye Vedomosti: "We are all more or less piscari ..."

WISE SQUARE
The wise squeaker is an "enlightened, moderately liberal" hero of a fairy tale. Since childhood, he was frightened by his father's warnings about the danger of getting in the ear and concluded that "one must live in such a way that no one will notice." He dug a hole, just to fit himself, did not make any friends or family, he lived and trembled, At the end he was even awarded with pike praises: "Well, if everyone lived like this, it would be quiet in the river!" It was only before his death that the "wise" realized that in that case, "perhaps the whole pis-kary genus would have passed away long ago." The story of the wise squeaker in an exaggerated form expresses the meaning or, rather, the whole nonsense of cowardly attempts to “devote oneself to the cult of self-preservation,” as stated in the book “Abroad”. The traits of this character are clearly visible, for example, in the heroes of the Modern Idyll, in Polozhylov and other Shchedrin heroes. Characteristic is the remark made by the then critic in the newspaper Russkiye Vedomosti: "We are all more or less piscari ..."

Pustoplyas - the character of the fairy tale "Horse", "brother" of the hero, unlike him leading an idle life. The personification of the local nobility. The idle talk about Konyaga as the embodiment of common sense, humility, "the life of the spirit and the spirit of life", etc., are, as a contemporary critic wrote to the writer, a "most offensive parody" of the theories of that time, which sought to justify and even exalt "hard labor" peasants, their oppression, darkness and passivity.

Ruslantsev Seryozha - the hero of the "Christmas Tale", a ten-year-old boy. After the sermon on the need to live by the truth, said, as the author seems to note in passing, “for the holiday,” S. decided to do so. But his mother, and the priest himself, and the servants warn him that "you have to live with the truth and look around." Shocked by the discrepancy between the high words (truly - a Christmas tale!) And real life, with stories about the sad fate of those who tried to live by the truth, the hero fell ill and died. The selfless hare is the hero of the fairy tale of the same name. Caught by the Wolf and obediently sits in anticipation of his fate, not daring to run even when the brother of his bride comes for him and says that she is dying of grief. Released to see her, he returns as promised, receiving condescending wolf praise.

Toptygin 1st - one of the heroes of the tale "The Bear in the Voivodeship". He dreamed of capturing himself in history as a brilliant atrocity, but with a hangover he took a harmless siskin for an “internal foe” and ate it. He became a general laughing stock and was unable to improve his reputation even with his superiors, no matter how hard he tried - “I climbed into the printing house at night, broke the machines, mixed the font, and dumped the works of the human mind into the pit.” "And if he had started right from the printing houses, he would have been ... a general."

Toptygin II is a character in the fairy tale "The Bear in the Voivodeship". Arriving in the voivodeship, hoping to ruin the printing house or burn down the university, he found that all this had already been done. I decided that it was no longer necessary to eradicate the “spirit”, but “to take it right by the skin”. Climbing up to a neighboring peasant, he lifted up all the cattle and wanted to destroy the yard, but was caught and, in disgrace, put on a spear.

Toptygin 3rd is a character in the fairy tale "The Bear in the Voivodeship". He was faced with a painful dilemma: “if you screw up a little, they will make you laugh; If you screw up a lot, they will raise you to a spear ... ”Arriving at the voivodeship, he hid in a den, without taking control, and found that even without his intervention, everything in the forest was going on as usual. He began to leave the den only “to receive the appropriated content” (although in the depths of his soul he wondered “why the governor was being sent”). Later he was killed by hunters, like "all fur animals", also according to the established order.

The clever minnow decides that if you live in a dark hole and tremble quietly, then he will not be touched. Dying alone, he realizes that there was no love or friendship in his life, and everyone around him considers him a fool.

In the original, the spelling "piskar" is used, it is preserved in the title and quotations as a tribute to tradition. but modern norm- "gudgeon", this option is used in other places.

Once upon a time there was a gudgeon. His smart parents managed to live to a ripe old age. The old father told how one day they caught him with nets along with many other fish and wanted to throw him into boiling water, but he turned out to be too small for fish soup, and he was released into the river. Then he endured fear.

"Look, sonny," said the old squeaker, dying, "if you want to chew on life, then look at both!"

Gudgeon-son looked around and saw that he was the smallest in this river: any fish could swallow him, and crayfish could be cut with a claw. He will not even be able to resist his brothers-minnows - they will throw themselves in a crowd and easily take away food.

Gudgeon was intelligent, enlightened and "moderately liberal". He well remembered the teachings of his father and decided "to live in such a way that no one would notice."

The first thing he did was to make a hole where no one else could climb. Whole year he furtively gouged it out with his nose, hiding in the silt and grass. The gudgeon decided that he would swim out of it either at night, when everyone was asleep, or in the afternoon, when the rest of the fish were already full, and during the day - to sit and shiver. Until noon the fish ate all the midges, the gudgeon had almost nothing left and he lived from hand to mouth, but "it is better not to eat or drink than to lose life with a full stomach."

One day he woke up and saw that cancer was guarding him. Half a day the gudgeon's crayfish waited, and he trembled in the burrow. Another time his pike guarded the hole all day, but he also avoided the pike. At the end of his life, the pikes began to praise him that he lived so quietly, hoping that he would become proud and stick out of the hole, but the wise gudgeon did not succumb to flattery and each time, trembling, won the victory.

He lived like this for over a hundred years.

He had no friends or relatives; neither he to anyone, nor who to him. He doesn't play cards, doesn't drink wine, doesn't smoke tobacco, doesn't chase after red girls - only trembles and thinks to one thought: “Thank God! seems to be alive! "

Before his death, lying in his hole, he suddenly thought: if all the minnows lived like him, then "the whole piscari family would have been transferred long ago." Indeed, for the continuation of the clan, a family is needed, and the members of this family must be healthy, cheerful and well-fed, live in their native element, and not in a dark hole, be friends and adopt good qualities from each other. And minnows trembling in their holes are useless for society: "they take up space for nothing and eat food."

The gudgeon clearly realized all this, he wanted to get out of the hole and proudly swim along the entire river, but not having time to think about it, he got scared and continued to die: “he lived - trembled, and died - trembled”.

His whole life flashed before the gudgeon, and he realized that there were no joys in it, he did not help anyone, did not console, did not protect, good advice did not give, no one knows about him and will not remember him after death. And now he is dying in a dark, cold hole, and fish swim by and not one comes to ask how this wise gudgeon managed to live so much. Yes, and they call him not wise, but a dunce and a fool.

Then he began to gradually forget, and he dreamed that he had won the lottery, had grown significantly and "swallowed the pike himself." In the dream, his nose stuck out of the hole, and the gudgeon disappeared. It is not known what happened to him, maybe the pike ate it, or maybe it took the cancer away, but most likely he just died and floated to the surface. What pike wants to eat an old and sick gudgeon, "and besides, also a wise one"?