What is a throttle and what is it for? Meaning of the word ballast Ballast meaning of the word.
In engineering, ballast is a load that ensures the landing of a ship and its balance. Technology is a broad field and includes aircraft manufacturing, shipbuilding and other areas. Therefore, there are several types of ballast.
Dead ballast is ballast that is pre-laid and attached to the body of any equipment. It is associated with the weight of the technical device. The process of creating dead ballast takes place during construction, so it is difficult to weigh it down later or impossible to do at all. Dead ballast serves as a means of protection against the human factor, that is, a person is not able to create an accident by removing ballast. Such ballast is anything that does not create a production requirement and strength for the structure. For example, this includes weighting the lower part of the structure with concrete.
Ballast made of metal, stones, sand, etc. is called solid, that is, it is not a gas or liquid. Today its use takes place on small floating craft and ground transport.
Liquid ballast is seawater, as well as water that is loaded from the shore or pier. For this purpose, ballast tanks are installed on floating vessels.
In aeronautics there is also the concept of ballast - it denotes additional cargo on balloons. Its goal is to give the device better stability, balance the forces of attraction and lifting of the entire structure and shift the center of gravity in the desired direction. Typically, rocks and sandbags serve as such ballast.
On underwater craft, ballast is an additional load that is designed to shift the center of gravity and improve stability. Today, such ballast is sea water, which fills ballast tanks. In addition, ballast in this case helps to balance the forces of gravity and buoyancy forces.
In diving, ballast is a weight that helps increase the force of gravity by weighing down the object being dived. This way you can reduce buoyancy.
Emergency situations
In an emergency, ballast can, among other things, include substances and objects that meet certain conditions. That is, anything that cannot be classified as a means of life for people and an object and as a means of first necessity in an accident can serve as ballast. Ballast is also considered to be something that allows you to correct an emergency situation by reducing weight and improving balancing qualities.
Slang word
The word "ballast" can also be used figuratively - to denote something of little utility. It could be a person or an object. For example, you can hear the expression: “ballast of unnecessary knowledge.” This means that in this case knowledge is a useless thing. If they say that a person is excluded from some circle of people as ballast, this means that he is also useless in this society.
Ballast
Dutch - ballast (ballast).
Old German – bal (bad, useless).
The word "ballast" is used in Russian with early XVIII V. as a term meaning “additional (non-useful) cargo on aircraft to regulate flight altitude, as well as on a ship to regulate its draft and stability.”
The word is borrowed from Dutch, where ballast, ballasten - “to ballast”. The birthplace of the word is Scandinavia or Northern Germany, where bal means “bad, useless.”
Related are:
Ukrainian is ballast.
Czech – balast.
Derivatives: ballast, ballast, ballast.
Etymological dictionary Russian language. M.: Russian language from A to Z. Publishing house. Moscow . 2003.
Synonyms:See what “ballast” is in other dictionaries:
BALLAST- See BALAST. Dictionary foreign words, included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. BALLAST English. balast, from celt, bal, sand, and lasd, lad, load, heaviness. a) Heaviness on ships in order to give them stability. b) In general: excessive weight... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
BALLAST- (Ballast) liquid or solid cargo (water, cast iron and lead ingots, stone, sand, etc.) taken on board to give it proper seaworthiness. See Ballasting. Samoilov K. I. Marine dictionary. M.L.: State Military... ... Naval Dictionary
ballast- See extra, obstacle... Dictionary of Russian synonyms and expressions similar in meaning. under. ed. N. Abramova, M.: Russian dictionaries, 1999. ballast burden... Synonym dictionary
BALLAST- [ala], ballast, pl. no, husband (English ballast). 1. A load that ensures balance and landing of the vessel (sea). || Sandbags to regulate the altitude of the balloon. || trans. An extra, uselessly burdensome burden (book). Unnecessary ballast... ... Dictionary Ushakova
ballast- BALLAST, a, m. ballast m. , goal, eng. ballast. 1. Crushed stone, gravel, sand, etc., used to strengthen the sleepers during the construction of the upper part of the railway track. BAS 2. Ballast was added and leveled. Garshin Signal. 2. transfer About,… … Historical Dictionary Gallicisms of the Russian language
Ballast- A. Non-commercial cargo carried by an empty vessel to obtain stability, trim or draft. B. is excluded from the scope of the insurer's liability under a marine insurance contract. B. Not very necessary employees on the staff... ... Dictionary of business terms
BALLAST- (Dutch ballast) ..1) a load (water, sand, etc.) placed on a ship to improve its seaworthiness2)] A load to regulate the lifting capacity of an aeronautical vehicle (for example, a balloon)3) A layer in the form narrow pillow made of loose... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
BALLAST- BALLAST, ah, husband. 1. Cargo to improve the seaworthiness of the vessel, to regulate the flight altitude of the balloon. Reset b. 2. transfer That which unnecessarily burdens, burdens someone or something. (book) B. outdated views. 3. Bulk material, to the eye... ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary
BALLAST- husband. cargo, loading, empty cargo; cast iron ingots, ballasts, stones, gravel, sand, etc., immersed in the hold (in the mud, on the bottom) of the ship, except for goods, for proper draft and stability; | Therefore, they call any excess, not anywhere, ballast... ... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary
Ballast- a load used on airships and free balloons to change flight altitude and static balancing. On airships, water is most often used as fuel, poured into supply tanks. On free balloons with crew B.... ... Encyclopedia of technology
BALLAST- crushed rocks(crushed stone, gravel, sand), blast furnace slag, clinker, shell, used to form a ballast layer. There are two types of gravel: 1) light shell, quarry gravel, coarse sand; 2) heavy crushed stone... ... Technical railway dictionary
Books
- Blow out the ballast! Half a century of service to the submarine fleet, Rudolf Golosov. Author of the book, Hero Soviet Union Vice Admiral R. A. Golosov, almost all 45 years military service served in the submarine forces of the Navy of the Soviet Union, from 1945 to 1990... Buy for 777 rubles
- Ballast. Stories, miniatures, Onise Barkalaya. “No, this can’t be!” – he exclaimed, looking at the screen. The on-board computer has already automatically directed the ship to the nearest asteroid. “It’s good that this is an asteroid and not a planet...
Ballast in technology, mechanics, equipment- this is an additional permanently secured or temporarily loaded (accepted) cargo in order to achieve results in one or more of the following points:
- improvement of balance qualities (that is, the landing of an object including roll and trim, stability or stability by shifting the center of gravity of the object in the desired direction);
- achieving a certain position in the equilibrium of the attractive force of the force of separation from the surface (that is, the force of lifting into the air, the force of buoyancy or the force pushing out of the water);
- weighting an object in order to reduce vibration or reduce the influence of external factors (including weather) on the object.
A good example is the tumbler toy - all three points are fulfilled, and a sinker is used as ballast.
Common types of ballast in technology
In technology (here we include shipbuilding, aircraft manufacturing, and so on), there are the following generally accepted types of ballast:
- Dead ballast is the name of ballast that is pre-installed in the body or attached to the body of a technical device, or created by making the technical device heavier. This ballast is created during construction and is impossible or difficult to remove later. Dead ballast exists as protection against the human factor, so that a person cannot create an emergency situation by removing all the ballast. Dead ballast can include everything that does not create strength or production necessity for the structure - for example, weighting the structure in the lower part of the ship’s hull by filling the lower part or the entire part of a certain compartment with concrete (cement).
- Solid ballast is ballast made from stones, metal, sand and anything else that is not liquid or gas. It is used these days mainly on very small floating craft (boats, for example) and land vehicles, since it is not possible to create and install special tanks and pumps for fiddling with liquid ballast.
- Liquid ballast is usually seawater or water loaded from the pier (from the shore) in advance. To receive liquid ballast on floating craft, there are specially built ballast tanks. On tankers, cargo tanks can also be used to receive liquid ballast. This ballast has the most greatest application these days on floating craft.
- Ballast in aeronautics- additional weight on balloons, zeppelins, designed to achieve better stability, to shift the center of gravity in the desired direction, to balance the lifting force and the force of attraction of the entire balloon structure. Sandbags and stones can act as ballast.
- Ballast on surface floating craft- additional cargo on ships, ships and other floating craft, designed to improve stability, to shift the center of gravity in the desired direction. On ships and vessels, stones, bags of earth or sand, metal and other heavy products used to serve as ballast. Today, seawater serves as ballast, filling ballast tanks.
- Ballast on submersibles- additional cargo on submarines, bathyscaphes and other underwater floating craft, designed to improve stability, to shift the center of gravity in the desired direction and to balance the force of buoyancy and gravity (gravity). Today, seawater serves as ballast, filling ballast tanks. To remove water ballast under water, compressed air is used, which is contained in special cylinders.
- Ballast in diving and diving- additional weight designed to reduce buoyancy and increase the force of attraction due to the weight of the diving object. Stones, metal products (chest weights, for example) and other heavy products used to act as ballast.
- Ground transport ballast- an additional load designed to achieve better stability of the vehicle, to shift the center of gravity in the desired direction, and in land transport - to increase the adhesion of the wheels to the surface. Sandbags, metal or concrete products can act as ballast. For example, the VL10 electric locomotive is constantly loaded with ballast made of concrete blocks installed on the frame to achieve the required adhesion weight.
- Ballast (track facilities)- material for the upper part of the track structure (ballast prism) in railway track facilities. As a rule, this is crushed stone, less often - pebbles, sand, asbestos.
Ballast in an emergency
- Ballast in an emergency- in an emergency, ballast, in addition to ordinary ballast, may include objects and substances (even fuel, for example) that meet the following requirements:
- - everything that is not a means of first necessity and vital activity of people and objects in an accident;
- - something that can correct an emergency situation by reducing weight (achieving a better landing, minimal roll or trim, reducing friction and gravity for lifting up, ascent), improving balance characteristics (stability or stability, roll and trim, and so on).
Ballast in a figurative or slang sense
Ballast in figurative meaning(the definition arose from the concept of ballast in an emergency) - something (an object or a person) of low specific usefulness.
For example:
- Sometimes, as a joke or wanting to offend an unnecessary or unwanted person, they can call them “ballast.”
- Unnecessary items in a backpack during a hike can turn out to be ballast.
Among men, there are a number of slangs using the word BALLAST:
- Take ballast - drink alcohol.
- Relieve ballast - empty your bladder.
- Pour out the ballast - empty your bladder.
see also
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
Synonyms:See what “Ballast” is in other dictionaries:
See BALAST. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. BALLAST English. balast, from celt, bal, sand, and lasd, lad, load, heaviness. a) Heaviness on ships in order to give them stability. b) In general: excessive weight... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
- (Ballast) liquid or solid cargo (water, cast iron and lead ingots, stone, sand, etc.) taken onto ships to give it the proper seaworthiness. See Ballasting. Samoilov K.I. Marine dictionary. M.L.: State Military... ... Naval Dictionary
See extra, obstacle... Dictionary of Russian synonyms and similar expressions. under. ed. N. Abramova, M.: Russian dictionaries, 1999. ballast burden... Synonym dictionary
- [ala], ballast, pl. no, husband (English ballast). 1. A load that ensures balance and landing of the vessel (sea). || Sandbags to regulate the altitude of the balloon. || trans. An extra, uselessly burdensome burden (book). Unnecessary ballast... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary
ballast- BALLAST, a, m. ballast m. , goal, eng. ballast. 1. Crushed stone, gravel, sand, etc., used to strengthen the sleepers during the construction of the upper part of the railway track. BAS 2. Ballast was added and leveled. Garshin Signal. 2. transfer About,… … Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language
A. Non-commercial cargo carried by an empty vessel to obtain stability, trim or draft. B. is excluded from the scope of the insurer's liability under a marine insurance contract. B. Not very necessary employees on the staff... ... Dictionary of business terms
- (Dutch ballast) ..1) a load (water, sand, etc.) placed on a ship to improve its seaworthiness2)] A load to regulate the lifting capacity of an aeronautical vehicle (for example, a balloon)3) A layer in the form narrow pillow made of loose... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
BALLAST, ah, husband. 1. Cargo to improve the seaworthiness of the vessel, to regulate the flight altitude of the balloon. Reset b. 2. transfer That which unnecessarily burdens, burdens someone or something. (book) B. outdated views. 3. Bulk material, to the eye... ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary
Husband. cargo, loading, empty loader; cast iron ingots, ballasts, stones, gravel, sand, etc., immersed in the hold (in the mud, on the bottom) of the ship, except for goods, for proper draft and stability; | That’s why they call anything superfluous, not anywhere... ... ballast. Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary
A weight used on airships and free balloons to change flight altitude and static trim. On airships, water is most often used as fuel, poured into supply tanks. On free balloons with crew B.... ... Encyclopedia of technology
Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary.
ballast
- bulk material that covers the subgrade railway track before laying sleepers Spec***
2. - cargo to improve the seaworthiness of the vessel, to regulate the flight altitude of the balloon
Example: Reset b.
***
3. - something that unnecessarily burdens, burdens someone with something Lib
Example: B. outdated views.
Efremova T.F. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language.
ballast
1m.1) a) A load placed on the bottom of a ship or balloon to provide
necessary seaworthiness of the vessel or to regulate flight altitude
balloon.
b) transfer That which is superfluous, unnecessary, burdensome to someone, something.
2) Bulk material (crushed stone, gravel, sand, etc.) used for strengthening
sleepers during the construction of the upper part of the railway track.
2. m.
Useless person.
S.I.Ozhegov, N.Yu.Shvedova. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language.
ballast
, -a, m.1. Cargo to improve the seaworthiness of the vessel, for
regulation of the flight altitude of the balloon. Reset b. 2, trans. What is unnecessary
burdens, burdens someone. (book) B. outdated views.
3. Loose
material to cover the Crimea with earthen
The meaning of the word Ballast according to Efremova:
Ballast - 1. A load placed on the bottom of a ship or balloon to ensure the necessary seaworthiness of the vessel or to regulate the flight altitude of the balloon. // transfer That which is superfluous, unnecessary, burdensome to someone, something.
2. Loose material (crushed stone, gravel, sand, etc.) used to strengthen sleepers during the construction of the upper part of the railway track.
Useless person.
The meaning of the word Ballast according to Ozhegov:
Ballast - That which unnecessarily burdens, burdens someone or something Lib
Ballast Loose material used to cover the railway track before laying sleepers Spec
Ballast in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
Ballast - (Dutch ballast) -..1) cargo (water, sand, etc.) placed on a vessel to improve its seaworthiness...2) Cargo to regulate the lifting capacity of an aeronautical apparatus (for example, an aerostat)... 3) Layer in the form of a narrow cushion of bulk materials (crushed stone, etc.), laid on the subgrade of the railway track.
Meaning of the word Ballast according to the Business Dictionary:
Ballast - A. Non-commercial cargo carried by an empty vessel to obtain stability, trim or draft. B. is excluded from the scope of the insurer's liability under a marine insurance contract.
B. Not very necessary employees who are on the company’s staff to maintain certain conditions; for example, with their help, the level of average wages is reduced to the established standard, and benefits are achieved that take into account the share of disabled people working at the enterprise.
The meaning of the word Ballast according to Ushakov’s dictionary:
BALLAST
(ala), ballast, pl. no, m. (English ballast). 1. a load that ensures balance and landing of the vessel (marine). || Sandbags to regulate the altitude of the balloon. || trans. An extra, uselessly burdensome burden (book). Ballast unnecessary knowledge. Expelled from the party as ballast. 2. Crushed stone or sand, used. for the construction of the upper part of the railway. sheets for strengthening sleepers (railroad). Platforms loaded with ballast.
The meaning of the word Ballast according to Dahl's dictionary:
Ballast
m. cargo, loading, empty cargo; cast iron ingots, ballasts, stones, gravel, sand, etc., immersed in the hold (in the mud, on the bottom) of the ship, except for goods, for proper draft and stability; | Therefore, ballast is called any extra weight that is not needed anywhere, like a thing. The ship arrived with ballast, without cargo, empty. There is a lot of ballast in this book. Ballast, ballast, related to ballast, empty cargo, loading; ballast a ship, unload, lay cargo. Beilast is German. on merchant ships, a small amount of goods that the skipper or sailors are allowed to load, at their own expense; loading, sobinka.
Definition of the word “Ballast” according to TSB:
Ballast(Dutch ballast)
1) cargo placed on a ship to improve its seaworthiness. B. can be permanent or temporary, liquid (water) or solid (cast iron, stone, sand, etc.). Self-propelled cargo ships accept liquid biodegradation when sailing without cargo
(“stroke in ballast”) to increase the draft (required by the operating conditions of the propellers) and ensure stability on the course, and when sailing with a load - to improve the stability of the vessel (See Stability). On icebreakers, B. is used to increase ice-passability. Sailing and insufficiently stable vessels have a constant solid B.
2) A layer in the form of a narrow cushion of bulk materials (crushed stone, gravel, sand, etc.), laid on the railway roadbed. ways. B. creates an elastic base for sleepers, ensuring the stability of the rail track, smooth running of trains, and promotes rapid drainage of water from sleepers, etc.
3) Transfer. - extra load, extra thing, burden; useless, unnecessary worker.
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