What acid dissolves a person. What is the strongest and most dangerous acid in the world? What acids corrode metal

In the language of chemistry, acids are those substances that exhibit the ability to give off hydrogen cations, or substances that have the ability to receive an electron pair as a result of the formation covalent bond... However, in ordinary conversation, acid is usually understood only as those compounds that, when formed in aqueous solutions, give an excess of H30 +. The presence of these cations in solution gives the substance a sour taste and the ability to react to indicators. In this article, we will talk about which substance is the strongest acid, and also talk about other acidic substances.

Antimony Pentafluoride Hydrofluoric Acid (HFSbF5)

To describe the acidity of a substance, there is an indicator PH, which is the negative decimal logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ions. For common substances this indicator ranges from 0 to 14. However, this indicator is not suitable for describing HFSbF5, which is also called “super acid”.

There is no exact data on the activity of this substance, but it is known that even a 55% solution of HFSbF5 is almost 1,000,000 stronger than concentrated H2SO4, which is considered one of the strongest acids in the minds of the people. Nevertheless, antimony pentafluoride is a fairly rare reagent, and the substance itself was created only in laboratory conditions. It is not produced on an industrial scale.

Carboranic acid (H (CHB11Cl11))

Another super acid. H (CHB11Cl11)) is the strongest acid in the world that can be stored in special containers. The molecule of the substance has the form of an icosahedron. Carboranic acid is much stronger than sulfuric acid. It is capable of dissolving metals and even glass.

This substance was created at the University of California, United States of America with the participation of scientists from Novosibirsk Institute catalytic processes. As one of the employees of the American university said, the idea of ​​creation was the desire to create molecules previously unknown to anyone.

The strength of H (CHB11Cl11)) is due to the fact that it perfectly gives off a hydrogen ion. In solutions of this substance, the concentration of these ions is much higher than in others. The other part of the molecule, after the release of hydrogen, includes eleven carbon atoms, which form an icosahedron, which is a fairly stable structure, increasing corrosion inertness.

Another strongest acid is the more familiar hydrogen fluoride. The industry produces it in the form of solutions, most often forty, fifty or seventy percent. The substance owes its name to fluorspar, which serves as a raw material for hydrogen fluoride.

This substance is colorless. When dissolved in H20, a significant heat evolution occurs. At low temperatures, HF is capable of forming weak compounds with water.

The substance is corrosive to glass and many other materials. Polyethylene is used for its transportation. Reacts very well with most metals. Does not react with paraffin.

It is quite toxic and has a narcotic effect. If ingested, it can cause acute poisoning, impaired hematopoiesis, malfunction of organs, disruption of the respiratory system.

Vapors of substances, which can also irritate the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes, also have a toxic effect. When in contact with the skin, it initially causes irritation, but is absorbed very quickly, which makes it necessary to consult a specialist for treatment. Has mutagenic properties.

Sulfuric acid (H2S04)

Few other acids are known more than sulfuric. Indeed, in terms of production volumes, H2SO4 is the most widespread. That is why it is the most dangerous acid in the world.

The substance is a strong acid with two bases. Sulfur in the compound has the highest degree oxidation (plus six). Odorless and colorless. Most often used in solution with water or sulfuric anhydride.

There are several ways to get H2S04:

• Industrial method (dioxide oxidation).
• Tower method (production using nitrogen oxide).
• Others (based on obtaining a substance from the interaction of sulfur dioxide with various substances, are not widely used).

Concentrated H2SO4 is very strong, but its solutions pose a serious hazard. When heated, it is a fairly strong oxidizing agent. When interacting with metals, they are oxidized. In this case, H2SO4 is reduced to sulfur dioxide.
H2SO4 is highly corrosive. It can affect the skin, respiratory tract, mucous membranes and internal organs person. It is very dangerous not only to get it inside the body, but also to inhale its vapors.

Formic acid (HCOOH)

This substance is a saturated acid with one base. Interestingly, despite its strength, it is used as a dietary supplement. Under normal conditions, it is colorless, readily soluble in acetone and readily miscible with water.

HCOOH is dangerous at high concentrations. With a concentration of less than ten percent, it has only an irritating effect. At higher levels, it is capable of corroding tissues and many substances.

Concentrated HCOOH, when in contact with the skin, causes a very severe burn, which causes severe pain. Vapors of the substance can damage the eyes, respiratory organs and mucous membranes. If it gets inside, it causes serious poisoning. However, acid in very low concentrations is easily processed in the body and excreted from it.

In case of poisoning with methanol, formic acid is also formed in the body. It is her work in this process that leads to visual impairment due to damage to the optic nerve.

This substance is found in small amounts in fruits, nettles, secretions of some insects.

Nitric acid (HNO3)

Nitric acid is a strong single-base acid. Mixes well with H20 in various proportions.

This substance is one of the most popular products of the chemical industry. There are several methods for its preparation, but the most commonly used is the oxidation of ammonia in the presence of a platinum catalyst. HNO3 is used most often in the production of fertilizers for agriculture. In addition, it is used in the military sphere, in the creation of explosives, in the jewelry industry, to determine the quality of gold, as well as in the creation of certain drugs (for example, nitroglycerin).

The substance is very dangerous to humans. HNO3 vapors damage the respiratory tract and mucous membranes. The acid on the skin leaves ulcers that take a long time to heal. Also, the skin becomes yellow.

When exposed to heat or light, HNO3 decomposes to nitrogen dioxide, which is a fairly toxic gas.
HNO3 does not react with glass, which is why this material is used to store the substance. The acid was first obtained by the alchemist Jabir.

Hydrofluoric acid

Hydrofluoric acid

Description

Hydrofluoric acid or hydrofluoric acid- a colorless liquid, which is a solution of gaseous hydrogen fluoride in water. A small admixture of hydrofluoric acid greatly lowers the freezing point of water.

Hydrofluoric acid destroys glass, interacting with silicon dioxide, which is in the glass, with the formation of gaseous silicon tetrafluoride. Hydrofluoric acid dissolves some metals to form fluorides. Calcium, barium, strontium fluorides are practically insoluble in water. Sparingly soluble fluorides of copper, nickel, cadmium and chromium (III), all other fluorides, including silver fluoride, are readily soluble.

Hydrofluoric acid dissolves zinc and iron, very slowly lead, copper and silver, does not react with gold and platinum.

Application

• for the destruction of silicate rocks;
• dissolution of metals (tantalum, zirconium, niobium, etc.);
• hydrogenation catalyst;
• dehydrogenation catalyst;
• alkylation catalyst in organic chemistry;
• reagent in the production of freons and fluoroplastics;
• a precursor for obtaining fluorine;
• fluorosulfonic acid production;
• occurs in the production of superphosphates, aluminum, uranium, beryllium and manganese; smelting fluxes; when welding with electrodes, the composition of which contains fluorine compounds, or when electric submerged arc welding.

Storage

Store hydrofluoric acid in paraffinic, vinyl chloride, platinum, fluoroplastic and polyethylene vessels, as well as in organic glass vessels.

Fluoroplastic dishes are very good for working with acid. Hydrofluoric acid can be poured into glasses, previously covered with a layer of paraffin. Dishes made of wax, paraffin, ceresin and gutta-percha are not very reliable.

In large volumes hydrofluoric acid stored in steel sealed tanks and cisterns, as well as in ammonia-type cylinders with a protective color with a red stripe.

Precautionary measures

Hydrofluoric acid is poisonous, irritates the respiratory tract, is the strongest dehydrating substance, when it gets on the skin, it causes severe burns and ulcers.

To Work with hydrofluoric acid it is necessary under good traction, using platinum dishes, preferably with rubber gloves.

Hydrofluoric acid may cause a corrosive effect on the skin not immediately, but after a few hours. The smoke generated in the presence of ammonia is also poisonous. With burns hydrofluoric acid immediately rinse the skin with running water for several hours until the whitened surface of the skin turns red. Then impose a freshly prepared 20% suspension of magnesium oxide in glycerin.

Hydrofluoric acid is flammable... You can use water for extinguishing.

If there is hydrogen fluoride in the air, wear an insulating gas mask (oxygen mask).

To purchase this product, as well as to obtain a price list, please contact the managers of our company.

Sanitation... Personal hygiene is paramount when coming into contact with inorganic acids. Workers are required to provide adequate sanitation and wash thoroughly at the end of their shift.

Urgent care... If acids come into contact with skin or eyes, rinse immediately and abundantly with running water. Therefore, rooms should be equipped with showers, eyewash fountains, bathtubs or water tanks. Contaminated clothing should be removed and skin cleansed. The usual procedure is to neutralize contaminated skin with 2-3% sodium bicarbonate solution, 5% sodium carbonate solution and 5% sodium hyposulfite solution, or 10% triethanolamine solution.

Persons who have inhaled acid vapors should be immediately removed from the contaminated area, ensured rest and medical assistance... In case of accidental ingestion of acid, it is necessary to give a neutralizing agent and rinse the stomach. Do not artificially induce vomiting.

Medical supervision... Workers must undergo a medical examination before hiring and periodically during work. Medical examination before employment should be aimed mainly at identifying chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, skin, eyes, respiratory and nervous system... Periodic checks should be carried out at short intervals and include checking the condition of the teeth.

Water pollution... Water pollution is prevented by the fact that effluents containing waste acids are not released into the sewerage system until the acidity level in them is brought to values ​​of 5.5 - 8.5.

Hydrochloric acid
Anhydrous hydrogen chloride is non-corrosive, but its solution in water corrodes almost all metals (exceptions are mercury, silver, gold, platinum and some alloys); this produces hydrogen. Hydrochloric acid reacts with sulfides to form chlorides and hydrogen sulfide. These are very stable compounds, but at high temperatures they break down into hydrogen and chlorine.

Dangers... Specific hazards of hydrochloric acid- its corrosive effect on the skin and mucous membranes, toxicity, as well as the release of hydrogen in contact with certain metals and metal hydrides. Hydrochloric acid causes burns to the skin and mucous membranes, the severity of which is determined by the concentration of the solution; this can lead to ulceration with subsequent colloidal and disfiguring scars. Eye contact with hydrochloric acid can cause visual impairment or blindness. Facial burns leave large, ugly scars. From frequent contact with aqueous solutions hydrochloric acid dermatitis may develop.

Hydrochloric acid vapors irritate the respiratory tract, cause laryngitis, edema vocal cords, bronchitis, pulmonary edema and death. Diseases of the digestive tract are common, in particular, molecular necrosis of the teeth, when they lose their luster, turn yellow, become soft, and then break.

... In addition to the general measures described above, the acid should not be stored in close proximity to flammable substances or oxidants, or near metals and metal hydrides that can react with the acid to generate hydrogen. Explosive concentrations of hydrogen in air range from 4 to 75 percent by volume. Electrical equipment must be explosion-proof and protected from the corrosive effect of acid vapors.

Nitric acid
Nitric acid is extremely corrosive and corrosive a large number of metals. The reactions between nitric acid and various organic compounds often generate a lot of heat and lead to explosions, and toxic gases can be produced as a result of its reaction with metals. Nitric acid causes skin burns, and its vapors are a strong irritant to the skin and mucous membranes; inhalation of a significant amount of nitric acid vapors leads to acute poisoning.

Fire and explosion... Nitric acid affects most substances and all metals, except for noble metals (gold, platinum, iridium, thorium, tantalum) and some alloys. The reaction rate varies with the metal and acid concentration; The gases emitted during the reaction include nitrogen oxides, nitrogen and ammonia, which can be toxic or asphyxiating. Upon contact with sodium or potassium, the reaction proceeds very violently, with the release of nitrogen. However, a protective oxide film forms on some metals, which protects them from further destruction. Nitric acid can react violently with hydrogen sulfide. Nitrates obtained as a result of the interaction of nitric acid with various bases are strong oxidizing agents.

Nitric acid, even in low concentration, is a strong oxidizing agent. Solutions with a concentration higher than 45% may cause spontaneous combustion of some organic matter, such as turpentine, wood, straw, etc.

Health hazard... Nitric acid solutions are extremely corrosive and cause damage to the skin, eyes and mucous membranes, the severity of which depends on the duration of contact with the acid and its concentration - from irritation and burns to local necrosis in case of prolonged contact. Nitric acid fumes also cause damage to the skin, mucous membranes and tooth enamel.

Vapors of nitric acid always contain in a certain proportion other gaseous nitrogenous compounds (for example, nitrogen oxides) - depending on the concentration of the acid and the reaction taking place. Inhalation of them can cause acute poisoning. Acute poisoning usually occurs in three phases: the first is accompanied by irritation of the upper respiratory tract (burning in the throat, cough, feeling of suffocation) and lacrimation; the second phase can mislead the victim, since there are no pathological signs for several hours; in the third phase, breathing disorders reappear, which can quickly develop into acute pulmonary edema with severe consequences.

Accidental ingestion of nitric acid causes serious damage to the mouth, pharynx, esophagus and stomach and can be severe.

Health and safety... Depending on the amount and concentration, nitric acid is stored in stainless steel, aluminum or glass containers. Glass bottles or containers should be protected by a metal sheath to protect them from impact. However, nitric acid containing any fluoride components should not be stored in glass containers. Organic materials such as wood, straw, sawdust should be stored as far away from nitric acid processes as possible. When nitric acid needs to be diluted with water, the acid should be poured into the water to avoid localized heating.

Sulphuric acid
Sulfuric acid is a strong acid that emits steam at temperatures above, and when heated to sulfur trioxide. When cold, it reacts with all metals, including platinum; when heating it reactivity intensifies. Diluted sulphuric acid dissolves aluminum, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, nickel and zinc, but not lead or mercury. It has a strong ability to absorb water from the atmosphere and organic materials. Sulfuric acid breaks down the salts of all other acids, with the exception of silicic acid.

Sulfuric acid occurs naturally in the vicinity of volcanoes, especially in volcanic gases.

Dangers. Sulfuric acid acts on the human body as a tissue corrosive and general toxic agent. Sulfuric acid entering the human body in the form of liquid or vapor causes severe irritation and chemical burns of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and digestive waste, as well as teeth, eyes and skin. On contact with the skin, sulfuric acid causes intense dehydration, resulting in the release of a significant amount of heat, which leads to first, second or third degree burns. The depth of tissue damage depends on the concentration of the acid and the duration of contact. When inhaling sulfuric acid vapors, the following symptoms appear: nasal discharge, sneezing, burning in the throat - followed by coughing, breathing problems, sometimes accompanied by spasm of the vocal cords, as well as burning in the eyes, lacrimation and inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eyes. High concentrations of hydrochloric acid can cause blood in sputum and nasal discharge, bloody vomiting, gastritis, etc. Damage to the teeth is common; acid acts mainly on the incisors, which manifests itself in the form of the appearance of a brown tint, stripes on the enamel, caries, rapid and painless destruction of the tooth crown.

Many people are interested to know which acid corrodes metal. Almost all acids are suitable for this purpose - they have a destructive effect of varying strength on any surface. There are many recipes for dissolving metal, but popular methods may not work for everyone. Someone needs to divide a sheet of steel into two parts without a grinder, while others need to make a hole in the fence in a couple of days. Let's consider the main methods, examining the pros and cons of exposure.

Nitric acid (HNO3)

It is a very strong acid with a pungent odor.

• Dissolves all metals except aluminum and iron.
• Low price... From 15 rubles. per kilogram for technical and from 50 rubles. for pure acid.
• Prevalence - you can buy nitric acid in any city, in many online stores, in all volumes and concentrations.
• Multifunctionality. This compound is also used as a rocket fuel reagent, fertilizer and raw material for drugs (nitroglycerin).

• Volatility of nitric acid. The concentrated compound "smokes" and decomposes into nitric oxide and water in bright light. You need to store it in dark containers.
• Suffocating smell.
• Virulence. The acid is dangerous to the human body, causes suffocation and intoxication with unprotected contact. You need to work with her wearing a mask and gloves.
• Slow action. If the compound is not mixed with other acids, then 2 mm of the metal will dissolve for 5 hours.
• Dissolving not only the necessary, but also the surrounding objects - concrete, wood, etc.

What acids corrode metal

Sulfuric, perchloric and phosphoric acids in high concentration are also suitable.

• corrode iron;
• act quickly, but one must remember that "fast" in chemistry is a very broad concept;
• availability - these acids are easier to find than nitric acids;
• light does not affect connections in any way;
• resistance to low temperatures - if, for example, it freezes, then its properties will not change from this.

• Intolerance to high temperatures. Acids can "quench" - they themselves will not suffer after that, but the storage place will be difficult to recover.
• The complexity of the job. It is necessary to follow safety rules; it is better not to touch the flasks with connections with bare hands. You will need to buy special equipment if you are going to do anything with acids.

What acid quickly corrodes metal

It is better to use compounds of several substances, for example, "aqua regia". It is a mixture of one part nitric acid and three parts hydrochloric acid. The oxidizing ability of such a compound is very strong - even gold can be dissolved.

"Tsarskaya vodka" cannot be stored open, because chlorine will evaporate from it and the compound will lose its basic properties. But in a few minutes, the metal will not dissolve even this substance - you will have to wait a couple of hours to achieve the desired effect.

If you want to increase the reaction rate, then you can apply acid to the thread (apply without interruption) and move this thread, as

Acids are not the best solution to the problem. It is much more efficient to use gases, grinder, thermite or autogen (gas cutter).

Chemists, please answer how long does sulfuric acid dissolve the whole person ??? and got the best answer

Answer from Pathologist [guru]
it is better to dissolve in nitric, since calcium which is part of the bones, reacting with sulfuric acid, forms calcium sulfate, which is insoluble, and therefore bones will disintegrate for a long time, hair also does not decompose very well under the action of acids, sodium or potassium hydroxide will help in this.
And I also forgot that fat is better hydrolyzed in alkali, so not only the crowns should have remained there.
I know one thing to decalcify (remove calcium) a tooth healthy person(in 10% nitrogen) it takes 10-12 days, while the organic part of the bone remains, which becomes soft
Apparently the authors of the program did not dare to fully tell about the essence of the matter, especially since sulfuric acid is included in the lists of precursors in the EU and the USA, for sure, the sale there is strictly controlled.
Source: kmn pathologist

Answer from Dmitry Demkov[expert]
They have already left for you, wait.

Answer from Alexandra Bogdanova[newbie]
Sulfuric acid alone will not dissolve and
for a month of a person. Even concentrated, it needs an activator! Better read about it!

Answer from Violetta Solntseva[guru]
Patrice Lumumba (if, of course, heard of him) dissolved in two weeks, however, in "aqua regia".

Answer from Svetlana[guru]
Well, you, guy, are burning!))

Answer from YanGOR[expert]
I think, a month and a half, if we take into account the concentration of the acid and the required excess volume.
By the way, you noted correctly, it was the crowns that were found, because the teeth dissolve almost first ...

Answer from [guru]
First, you need to know for sure, a solution of sulfuric acid or is it still concentrated sulfuric acid? What is the approximate volume of a person (weight ...)
In general, if the endorsement, then I think the day is somewhere ...