Short form of adjectives. Formation of the short form of the adjective in Russian Short form of the word insensible

1. Independent parts of speech:

nouns (see. morphological norms noun);
Verbs:
- participles;
- gerunds;
adjectives;
numerals;
pronouns;
adverbs;

2. Service parts of speech:

prepositions;
unions;
particles;

3. Interjections.

None of the classifications (according to the morphological system) of the Russian language fall into:

words yes and no, if they act as an independent sentence.
introductory words: so, by the way, total, as a separate sentence, as well as a number of other words.

Morphological analysis of a noun

initial form in the nominative case, singular (except for nouns used only in the plural: scissors, etc.);
own or common noun;
animate or inanimate;
genus (m, f, cf.);
number (singular, plural);
declination;
case;
syntactic role in a sentence.

Plan for morphological parsing of a noun

"The kid is drinking milk."

Kid (answers the question who?) - noun;

initial form - baby;
permanent morphological features: animate, common noun, concrete, male, I -th declension;
inconsistent morphological features: nominative, singular;
at parsing sentences plays the role of a subject.

Morphological analysis of the word "milk" (answers the question of whom? What?).

initial form - milk;
constant morphological characteristic of the word: neuter, inanimate, material, common noun, II declension;
variable morphological signs: accusative case, singular;
there is a direct addition in the sentence.

Here is another example of how to make a morphological analysis of a noun, based on a literary source:

"Two ladies ran up to Luzhin and helped him to get up. He began to knock the dust off his coat with his palm. (Example from" Luzhin's Defense ", Vladimir Nabokov)."

Ladies (who?) - noun;

initial form - lady;
constant morphological signs: common noun, animate, concrete, feminine, I declension;
fickle morphological noun characteristics: singular, genitive;
syntactic role: part of the subject.

Luzhin (to whom?) Is a noun;

initial form - Luzhin;
faithful morphological characteristic of the word: proper name, animated, concrete, masculine, mixed declension;
inconsistent morphological features of a noun: singular, dative;

Palm (what?) - noun;

initial form - palm;
constant morphological signs: feminine, inanimate, common noun, specific, I declension;
inconsistent morpho. signs: singular, instrumental;
syntactic role in context: addition.

Dust (what?) Is a noun;

initial form - dust;
main morphological features: common noun, real, feminine, singular, animate not characterized, III declension (noun with a zero ending);
fickle morphological characteristic of the word: accusative case;
syntactic role: addition.

initial form - coat;
constant correct morphological characteristic of the word: inanimate, common noun, concrete, neuter, non-declining;
morphological signs are unstable: the number cannot be determined by the context, the genitive case;
syntactic role as a member of a sentence: addition.

Morphological analysis of the adjective

An adjective is a significant part of speech. Answers the questions Which one? Which? Which? Which? and characterizes the signs or qualities of the object. Table of morphological features of the adjective name:

initial nominative, singular, masculine;
constant morphological features of adjectives:
- discharge, according to the value:
- - - high quality (warm, silent);
  - - relative (yesterday's, reading);
  - - possessive (hare, mother's);
- the degree of comparison (for quality ones, for which this feature is constant);
- full / short form (for quality ones, for which this feature is permanent);
inconsistent morphological features of the adjective:
- qualitative adjectives vary in degree of comparison (in comparative degrees simple form, in excellent - complex): beautiful, more beautiful, the most beautiful;
- full or short form (only qualitative adjectives);
- gender trait (only in the singular);
- number (consistent with a noun);
- case (consistent with a noun);
syntactic role in a sentence: an adjective is a definition or part of a compound nominal predicate.

Plan of morphological parsing of an adjective

Sample sentence:

The full moon rose over the city.

Full (what?) - adjective;

initial form - full;
constant morphological signs of an adjective: qualitative, full form;
inconsistent morphological characteristics: in a positive (zero) degree of comparison, feminine (consistent with a noun), nominative;
on parsing - a minor member of the sentence, serves as a definition.

Here is another whole literary passage and morphological analysis of the adjective, with examples:

The girl was beautiful: slender, thin, blue eyes, like two amazing sapphires, and looked into your soul.

Beautiful (what?) Is an adjective;

initial form - fine (in this meaning);
constant morphological norms: qualitative, short;
fickle signs: positive comparison, singular, feminine;

Slender (what?) - an adjective;

the initial form is slender;
permanent morphological signs: qualitative, complete;
inconsistent morphological characteristics of the word: full, positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine, nominative;
syntactic role in a sentence: part of the predicate.

Slim (what?) - an adjective;

initial form - thin;
morphological constant features: qualitative, complete;
inconsistent morphological characteristics of the adjective: positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine, nominative;
syntactic role: part of the predicate.

Blue (what?) - an adjective;

the initial form is blue;
table of permanent morphological features of an adjective: qualitative;
inconsistent morphological characteristics: full, positive degree of comparison, plural, nominative;
syntactic role: definition.

Amazing (what?) - an adjective;

the initial form is amazing;
constant signs in morphology: relative, expressive;
inconsistent morphological features: plural, genitive;
syntactic role in a sentence: part of the circumstance.

Morphological features of the verb

According to the morphology of the Russian language, a verb is independent part speech. It can denote an action (walking), a property (limping), an attitude (equal), a state (rejoicing), a sign (whitening, showing off) of an object. Verbs answer the question what to do? what to do? what is he doing? what have you been doing? or what will he do? Different groups of verb word forms are characterized by heterogeneous morphological characteristics and grammatical features.

Morphological forms of verbs:

the initial form of the verb is the infinitive. It is also called the indefinite or unchangeable form of the verb. There are no inconsistent morphological signs;
conjugated (personal and impersonal) forms;
non-conjugated forms: participles and participles.

Morphological analysis of the verb

initial form - infinitive;
constant morphological features of the verb:
- transitivity:
- - transitive (used with accusative nouns without a preposition);
  - intransitive (not used with a noun in the accusative case without a preposition);
- return:
- - returnable (there is -sya, -s);
  - irrevocable (no-sya, -s);
- - imperfect (what to do?);
  - perfect (what to do?);
- conjugation:
- - I conjugation (do-eat, do-do, do-do, do-do, do-do / ut);
  - II conjugation (one hundred-ish, one hundred-it, one-one, one-one, one hundred-one / at);
  - multi-conjugate verbs (want, run);
inconsistent morphological signs of the verb:
- mood:
- - indicative: what did you do? What did you do? what is he doing? what will he do ?;
  - conditional: what would you do? what would you do?;
  - imperative: do it !;
- tense (in the indicative mood: past / present / future);
- person (in the present / future tense, indicative and imperative mood: 1 person: me / we, 2 person: you / you, 3 person: he / they);
- gender (in the past tense, singular, indicative and conditional mood);
- number;
syntactic role in the sentence. The infinitive can be any member of a sentence:
- predicate: To be a holiday today;
- subjects: Learning is always useful;
- addition: All the guests asked her to dance;
- definition: He has an irresistible desire to eat;
- circumstance: I went out for a walk.

Morphological parsing of the verb example

To understand the scheme, we will carry out a written analysis of the morphology of the verb using the example of a sentence:

Somehow God sent the crow a piece of cheese ... (fable, I. Krylov)

Sent (what did you do?) - part of speech is a verb;

initial form - send;
permanent morphological features: perfect appearance, transitional, 1st conjugation;
inconsistent morphological characteristics of the verb: indicative, past tense, masculine, singular;

Next online sample morphological analysis verb in a sentence:

What a silence, listen.

Listen (what do you do?) - verb;

the initial form is to listen;
morphological constant features: perfect form, intransitive, recurrent, 1st conjugation;
inconsistent morphological characteristics of the word: imperative mood, plural, 2nd person;
syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.

A plan for morphological parsing of a verb online for free, based on an example from a whole paragraph:

He needs to be warned.

Don't, let him know another time how to break the rules.

What are the rules?

Wait, then I'll tell you. Has entered! ("The Golden Calf", I. Ilf)

Warn (what to do?) - verb;

initial form - warn;
morphological signs of the verb are constant: perfect form, transitive, irreversible, 1st conjugation;
inconsistent morphology of a part of speech: infinitive;
syntax function in sentence: component predicate.

Let him know (what is he doing?) - part of speech is a verb;

the initial form is to know;
inconsistent verb morphology: imperative, singular, 3rd person;
syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.

Violate (what to do?) - the word is a verb;

the initial form is to break;
permanent morphological features: imperfect appearance, irreversible, transitional, 1st conjugation;
non-permanent signs of the verb: infinitive (initial form);
syntactic role in context: part of the predicate.

Wait (what to do?) - part of speech is a verb;

the initial form is to wait;
permanent morphological features: perfect appearance, irreversible, transitional, 1st conjugation;
inconsistent morphological characteristics of the verb: imperative mood, plural, 2nd person;
syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.

Came in (what did you do?) - verb;

initial form - enter;
permanent morphological features: perfect appearance, irreversible, intransitive, 1st conjugation;
inconsistent morphological characteristics of the verb: past tense, indicative mood, singular, masculine;
syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.

Short form formation

Majority quality adjectives has two forms - full and short: talented - talented;noble - noble;wayward - wayward; fierce - fierce.

In modern Russian, the short form is formed from the stem full form* with endings: zero for masculine, -but ,-O (for feminine and neuter gender, respectively. Sometimes a fluent vowel appears between the final consonants of the stem in masculine forms - ).

* IN Old Russian language full forms, on the contrary, were secondary and were formed from more ancient short forms by attaching demonstrative pronouns to them u(b)yu, n, which performed a function similar to that of certain articles in Western European languages: good + and(b)® kind;of good + yu ® kind; good + n ® good etc.

In doing so, you need to pay attention to the following: many adjectives ending in -state ,-enny, the short masculine singular has a truncated suffix: peculiar - peculiar;solemn - solemn:significant - significant;painful - painful; kindred - kindred etc. The formation of precisely the forms with a truncated suffix, according to the observations of scientists, reflects the development trend of this group of adjectives in modern Russian * Parallel forms that arise in the practice of their use ( immoral - immoral, insensitive - insensitive, numerous - numerous, mysterious - mysterious etc.) are admissible, but the stricter version is -en , not on –Enen **.

* Cm.: Graudina L.K, Itskovich V.A., Katlinskaya L.P. Decree. Op. S. 231-232.

** Therefore unsuccessful following cases the use of adjectives in newspaper texts: "Next - work with young families. Who is responsible for the implementation of the plan? Almost everything" (Koms. pr. 1987. May 22); "This model can take off from a very short runway, and in general such an aircraft is more maneuverable. The span of the main wings is about 16 meters" (Koms. Pr. 1989, July 16). Forms with a truncated suffix should have been used: responsible, maneuverable.

Only a small number of adjectives in this group form short forms ending in

-enen:arrogant, inviolable, undoubted, ordinary, frank, heartfelt, respectable, timely and some. dr.

Not all qualitative adjectives * form a short form. They do not have it:

1) adjectives with suffixes -Sk-, -isch-, -ensk- ,-ow,-ev-, a number of adjectives with a suffix -n- : "boorish deed "," ironic notes "," sanctimonious voice", " private employee", " key problem", " early morning";

2) some verbal adjectives, with the suffix -l- : seasoned, thawed; as well as many adjectives that are valid participles by origin: outstanding(capabilities), swollen(face), etc .;

3) many adjectives with subjective evaluation suffixes: fat, blushing, clean, unpretentious;

4) many adjectives, relative in origin, denoting colors: coffee, chocolate, lilac;

5) adjectives denoting the color of horses: dun, black, bay, savras;

6) words: junior, senior, big, as well as some common words: lesser, accursed and etc.

* The overwhelming majority of these adjectives do not form synthetic forms of degrees of comparison.

There are such quality adjectives that are used only in short form, and do not have a full form: glad, much, love, necessary.

Some polysemantic adjectives do not form a short form for each of the meanings. For example, the adjective prominent, which has three meanings: 1) accessible to sight, visible; 2) significant, important; 3) tall, stately, personable, there is a short form only in the first meaning: "House visible from afar ".

There are adjectives in which the full and short forms have different meanings. For example: domineering - inclined to command, subjugate (" imperious man ") and domineering -"who has the power to dispose, to command" ("Not overbearing we are in our destiny "- P.); due -"as needed, appropriate, appropriate" ("to show due attention ") and should -"obliged" ("... I should was to prepare a samovar for the masters "- MG);" We to Egor must in five months ... You shouldn't start the servants' salaries "- Ch.).

It is interesting to pay attention to the following. Although having a short form is traditionally considered specific grammatical feature quality adjectives, some relative adjectives... So, the 4-volume "Dictionary of the Russian Language" of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR leads a short form to such, for example, adjectives as childless, homeless, unarmed, free, pregnant, unprecedented, monochrome and others, which are relative, since: 1) denote a feature that cannot be quantitatively changed; 2) have synonymous constructions with the word from which they are formed: childless - having no children, homeless - having no home unprecedented - unprecedented monochrome - dyed in one color, etc .; 3) do not change in the degree of comparison.

Most good adjectives come in two forms - full and short: talented - talented; noble - noble; wayward - wayward; fierce - fierce.

In modern Russian, the short form is formed from the stem of the full form with endings: zero for masculine, -a, -o (for feminine and neuter gender, respectively. Sometimes a fluent vowel - appears between the final consonants of the stem in masculine forms).

At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to the following: for many adjectives ending in -spring, -enn, the short form of the singular masculine gender has a truncated suffix: inherent - inherent; solemn - solemn: significant - significant; painful - painful; related - related, etc. The formation of precisely the forms with a truncated suffix, according to the observations of scientists, reflects the tendency of the development of this group of adjectives in modern Russian. but the stricter variant is on -en, not on -enen.

Only a small number of adjectives in this group form short forms ending in -enen: haughty, inviolable, undoubted, ordinary, frank, heartfelt, respectable, timely and certain. dr.

Not all quality adjectives form a short form. They do not have it:

1) adjectives with suffixes -sk-, -isch-, -ensk-, -ov, -ev-, a number of adjectives with the suffix -н-: "boorish act", "ironic notes", "sanctimonious voice", "ordinary employee "," key problem "," early morning ";

2) some verbal adjectives, with the suffix -л-: experienced, thawed; as well as many adjectives that are valid participles by origin: outstanding (ability), swollen (face), etc.;

3) many adjectives with subjective suffixes: fat, red, clean, unpretentious;

4) many adjectives, relative in origin, denoting colors: coffee, chocolate, lilac;

5) adjectives denoting the color of horses: dun, black, bay, savras;

6) words: junior, senior, big, as well as some common words: lesser, accursed, etc.

There are such high-quality adjectives that are used only in a short form, but do not have a full form: glad, much, love, necessary.

Some polysemantic adjectives do not form a short form for each of the meanings. For example, the adjective is prominent, which has three meanings: 1) visible, visible; 2) significant, important; 3) tall, stately, personable, there is a short form only in the first meaning: "The house is visible from afar."

There are adjectives in which the full and short forms have different meanings. For example: imperious - inclined to command, subjugate ("powerful man") and imperious - "having the power to dispose, command" ("We are not in power in our destiny" - P.); due - "just as needed, appropriate, appropriate" ("to show due attention") and must - "obliged" ("... I had to prepare a samovar for the masters" - MG); "We owe Egor five months in advance ... We shouldn't let the servants' salaries run out of hand" - Ch.).

It is interesting to pay attention to the following. Although the presence of a short form has traditionally been considered a specific grammatical feature of qualitative adjectives, some relative adjectives also have it. So, the 4-volume "Dictionary of the Russian Language" of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR leads a short form to such, for example, adjectives as childless, homeless, unarmed, free, pregnant, unprecedented, monochrome, etc., which are relative, since: 1) denote a feature that cannot be quantitatively changed; 2) have synonymous constructions with the word from which they are formed: childless - having no children, homeless - having no home, unprecedented - without precedent, monochrome - painted in one color, etc.; 3) do not change in the degree of comparison.

Rakhmanova L.I., Suzdaltseva V.N. Modern Russian language. - M, 1997.

See dispassionate, ungrateful ... Synonym dictionary

SENSUAL- [mustache], insensitive, insensitive; insensitive, insensitive, insensitive. 1. Deprived of the ability to feel; accompanied by loss of feelings (book). "The insensible body is equal to decay everywhere." Pushkin. Insensitive state. 2. ... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

SENSUAL- SENSUAL, oh, oh; veins, venna. 1. Deprived of feelings (in 2 meanings), consciousness. In an insensitive state, who n. (unconscious). 2. Deprived of feelings of compassion, responsiveness. B. person. | noun insensitivity, and, wives. Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

insensible- insensitive, short. f. insensible (aging insensible), insensitive, insensitive, insensitive. Pronounced [unfeeling] ... Dictionary of pronunciation and stress difficulties in modern Russian

insensible- adj., uptr. cf. often Morphology: insensible and insensitive, insensitive, insensitive, insensitive; bunk bed insensitive 1. An unconscious person is called insensitive because he is sick, fainted, or very drunk. He… … Dmitriev's Explanatory Dictionary

insensible- absolutely insensitive ... Dictionary of Russian Idioms

insensible- (footnote) dead Wed. And even though the insensible body is equal to decay everywhere, But closer to the sweet limit I would still like to rest. A.S. Pushkin. Stanzas ... Michelson's Big Explanatory Phraseological Dictionary

Unfeeling- Unfeeling (nosc.) Dead. Wed And even though the insensible body is equal to decay everywhere, But closer to the sweet prelude, I still wanted to rest. A.S. Pushkin. Stanzas ... Michelson's Big Explanatory and Phraseological Dictionary (original spelling)

Unfeeling- adj. 1. Deprived of the ability to feel, unconscious. Ott. Characterized by loss of consciousness. 2. transfer. Not showing interest in his surroundings; indifferent, indifferent. Ott. Filled with indifference, indifference. 3. transfer. Deprived ... ... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by Efremova

insensible- insensible, insensible, insensible, insensible, insensible, insensible, insensitive, insensitive, insensible, insensitive, insensible, insensible, insensible, insensible, insensible, ... Forms of words

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SENSUAL

["ustv], -th, -th; devil" uvstven, -enna

1) Deprived of the ability to feel.

Unfeeling body.

The worst thing is that you are now standing in front of me like an insensitive pillar (Dostoevsky).

2) Deprived of sensitivity, cordiality, imbued with cold indifference.

An unfeeling father.

[Darya Alexandrovna] felt that she was turning pale and her lips were trembling with anger at this cold, insensitive man (L. Tolstoy).

Synonyms:

indolent "astral, heartless" eternal, not "duck, equinox" ear, thick "ozhny (colloquial), cold" one

Antonyms:

echo "chirpy, h" duck

3) Expressing insensibility, indifference.

Insensitive look.

Synonyms:

cold

Related words:

outrageous, outrageous

Etymology:

Borrowed from the Old Slavonic language, in which it is a derivational tracing of the Greek anaisthetos (an ‘without’, ‘not’ and aisthetos ‘sensual’, ‘perceived by the senses’).

A culture of speech:

Short form the adjective insensible has no variants within the literary norm.

Popular explanatory and encyclopedic dictionary of the Russian language. 2012