How to analyze information correctly. Selection of literature for analysis: how to find a suitable topic and save the collected material? Man and types of thinking

Analyzing means making a decision using your own. The whole process of making a correct and deliberate decision can be divided into three steps. First, collect as much information as possible. Then it needs to be carefully analyzed and based on the conclusions made to make a final decision.

How Analytical Skills Help Solve Problems

It is worth noting the importance of the stage And in this matter it is better to use your own experience, since other people's advice will not help you, but rather, on the contrary, they will interfere. Therefore, listen less to those who are not interested in solving your question. Some people do not need to explain what it means to analyze, it is given to them by nature. But if you are deprived of this skill, then you need to train your ability to analyze and develop. You can achieve results in any area of knowledge, but this will take some effort.

How to Analyze Correctly - Simple Workouts

You need to start training with simple exercises... For example, you should read a short text and try to determine which part is most important in it. To do this, you need to draw up a plan for the main events, which are described in the text.

This exercise will help you learn to highlight the most important thing from the mass of information received. This will be enough to achieve success in almost any field of activity. Just remember, overworking this exercise will not do you any good. A large amount of unnecessary information will not help you in any way to learn how to analyze. This is just

Analysis in problem solving

Solving physical and mathematical problems will also help you learn how to correctly analyze the information received. V exact sciences To find the answer, you first need to analyze the given conditions. Only in this case you will understand, Since it is not so easy to analyze, it is worth while performing this exercise to try to structure the steps of the solution in a certain sequence.

Practical Application of Analysis

To process the information received, you need to have such a character trait as perseverance. If the proposed exercises do not seem difficult to you, then you can try to apply the analysis in practice. Please note that it is better to test your strength in situations that do not concern you personally. Otherwise, you will not be able to subjectively analyze, it will be a decision made under the influence of emotional arousal. That is, it will not be 100% correct.

The most objective attitude to the situation will help you learn to control your emotions, which is useful for developing analytical thinking. It is recommended that you start with everyday life situations that you can easily explain. For example, try to find the reasons for this or that situation, or explain the behavior of people. Gradually increasing the level of complexity of the analytical problems being solved, you will learn how to find the right way out of almost any situation.

How to successfully analyze information?

Analyzing the proposed news stories and texts, participating in the discussions of the Club, we suggest that you adhere to the following rules, which will ensure the greatest progress of your analytical and adaptive abilities in the process of discussions:

Never trust the words, take into account only specific facts.
Everything that is said and written is necessarily aimed at concealing the truth. Hiding the truth is one of the most important motives of any human activity, including verbal. This motive, often along with others, is ALWAYS present in the author of any text. In most cases, the author wants to hide information not only from you, but also from himself - that is, his unconscious carries out uncontrolled censoring of the provisions he formulates.
Never take note of the information contained in any text. A spoken thought is a lie.
The main source of information in any text is the author's disclaimers, errors and omissions. Always pay attention to them and try to interpret them based on the elements and properties of the contexts you know that are relevant to the subject under discussion.
Compare sources. Pay attention to all logical contradictions within the texts and between the texts of different sources. Try to interpret contradictions based on the elements and properties of contexts you know that are relevant to the subject under discussion.
While reading any text, always keep in mind the question of who benefits from the publication of the stated facts and their proposed interpretation. How close are these interests to yours?
When analyzing the arguments of partners, always try to classify the arguments on the basis of "who benefits from it", according to the nature of the interests behind them. Feel free to move from analyzing arguments to discussing these interests themselves. Only after clarifying them, return to the analysis of the actual argumentation.
When discussing particular issues, practice moving to the metalevel, to discussing more general contradictions. Return to the analysis of the actual argumentation on the issue under discussion after clarifying the general principles. Without solving general issues, you will inevitably return to them, solving particular ones.
Reflect on your attitude to the process during the discussion. Avoid identifying your reasoning and your identity. Avoid fixation on defended positions. All the time try to grasp the line beyond which the position turns into an idee fix, and its defense begins to be perceived as self-affirmation. Try not to cross this line.
Do not believe that truth is born in arguments. In disputes, only dislike for each other is born. Avoid turning the discussion into an argument.
Debate and dispute differ in the nature of the objectives of the parties. The purpose of the dispute is to protect their interests and obtain maximum benefits. The purpose of the discussion is to clarify positions. Opponents lead the dispute, partners lead the discussion.
There is no absolute truth. In the discussion we are not looking for the truth, but we are clarifying the positions - both our own and those of our partners. Such clarification is useful for the purpose of developing adequate behavioral strategies and increasing adaptability to the surrounding information environment.

“Messages that something did not happen are not interesting to me, since we all know that there are known events that we know about, there are things that we do not know about. We also know that there are things we don’t know about, in other words, there are certain things that we don’t know. But there is also that which is unknown and which we do not know about - something that we do not know about, do we know something about it "
(C) Donald Rumsfeld

Self-awareness is to know yourself to the depths, to reveal your values and beliefs, to understand your behavior and your aspirations. Knowing who you are is very important for shaping yourself as a person. The process of self-knowledge is one of the ways to analyze yourself, your views, attitude towards something, behavior and reaction. There are many ways to learn introspection.

Steps

Knowing your feelings

Pay attention to your thoughts. Your thoughts are an integral part of who you are. They very often guide your feelings, as well as expectations and attitudes towards certain situations. Analyze your thoughts and identify their content. Are they negative? Do you belittle yourself or do you always think things will go wrong? What areas of your life do you find it most difficult?

Keep a diary. To help you track your thoughts on a daily basis, start a journal and describe in it how your day went, what you strive for, what you struggle with, what you dream about. Analyze what has been written, make a qualitative assessment. Are you hopeful or discouraged? Does it seem to you that you are stuck, or, on the contrary, are full of energy? Continue analyzing your thoughts to better understand who you are.

Listen to your feelings. Sometimes our expectations in a given situation lead to false conclusions about what is happening or how we see it. For example, you thought that your friend was angry with you after dinner, and this confused you. So you automatically thought that you did something bad, ruining her mood. By assessing how you feel about her mood, you can understand why you came to the conclusion that she is angry with you.

Once in a similar situation, take your time and analyze your actions and thoughts about what happened. Write down what of what you saw, heard, or felt made you interpret the situation in this way. Ask yourself if your friend might have other reasons for being angry, or if there are any external factors that you don't notice.

Listen to your feelings. Your feelings can also give you clues as to why you react the way you do to certain situations or to certain people. Analyze your feelings to understand your reactions to topics of conversation, tone of voices, facial expressions, or body language. Identify how you are feeling and ask yourself why it triggers such an emotional reaction in you. What do you answer in this way? What makes you feel that way?

Value analysis

Get to know your values. Knowing your values will help you look deeply into yourself. Many values are based on personal experience, and some change as we get to know ourselves.

Define your values. Defining and understanding your values will help you better understand who you are and what is important to you. To identify your values, you need to devote more time to reflection, analyzing what is important to you and what beliefs make you exactly the person you are. Start identifying your values by answering the following questions:

Group your core values. You should start with an idea of what is important and meaningful to you. Try to divide these ideas, moments, or things into core value groups to better understand your beliefs and ideals. Examples of core values include courage, honesty, optimism, self-confidence, friendship, commitment, loyalty, kindness, fairness, trust, and harmony.

Making history

Write your story. By writing your life story, you can tell a lot about what kind of person you are, what your views on difficulties, pleasures, opportunities and aspirations are. It also gives you an insight into what you’ve learned from your experience and how it affected you.

Despite the fact that literature, as a subject, is widely in demand in modern school, rarely any student is able to correctly read work of fiction and understand what it is about. This is partly due to the fact that a certain share of literary works is given to schoolchildren "beyond their years." But an even bigger problem in reading comprehension, as a rule, is formed through the fault of teachers who do not want to reveal to students the simple secrets of text analysis. And we will reveal.

The most important thing in any work is its idea, meaning, essence, not what the work is written about, but what it was written for, for what. It's like printing drawings - if they are published, then certainly not in order to admire their beauty and correctness, but to see the whole building behind them.

One has only to take the position of the author, as you immediately begin to understand what is behind this whole complex system, which teachers call “ artistic images"," Chronotope "or" conflict ". If you can't get into the author's intention the first time, you can cheat and turn either to the conversations of the main characters of the work, or, if there are none, to the direct or veiled statements of the author. As a rule, any writer lays down his main ideas within the most striking, characteristic characters. If you look at the behavior of the latter, evaluate how other heroes relate to them, then a lot will become clear. And to make it easier, you need to do all this as if you were evaluating real people, those with whom you are friends, communicate, exchange greetings at the entrance.

The secret to understanding a literary work lies in a good reader's imagination. If you bring the heroes closer to you or you yourself approach them, then they begin to reveal their secrets to themselves. You can evaluate the images of the heroes of a literary work: by how they look, speak, dress, live, in what places (residential and natural) they are shown, what they love, what they hate, and, finally, what actions they do (change, kill, save etc.).

Typically in literary work everything is subordinated to the same goal - to fully reveal the main and accompanying ideas (this is also worth remembering, because in addition to the main question "To be or not to be?", the book can also be asked a couple of other questions). You can find these questions in the most peak scenes of the works: in the heat of passions or in complete frustration of feelings, in scenes telling about making important decisions or directly committing actions that follow them.

Separately, it should be said about such things as descriptions of nature. If someone thinks that they were written only to make the reader die of boredom, then he is deeply mistaken. Usually, behind all natural scenes there is a symbolic image of either what a particular hero feels, or what happens to him (however, this is often the same thing).

Any other symbolism (whether it be a squirrel that skipped through the entire text, or a skull carried by a Danish prince) also once again emphasizes the artistic idea that you, no doubt, have already understood.

I used to read a lot of books on efficiency, time management, management and the like. But 6 months ago I came up with my own tool, which has become an indispensable technology for self-development for me. This is daily introspection. It is of great benefit to me and has replaced all other technologies. Hope it helps you too!

This is how I use this tool. EVERY day at 22:00 my alarm goes off on my mobile. Consistency is a must! During this time, I MUST set aside at least 20-30 minutes to analyze the cases for the day. I carry out the analysis according to the following list and always in writing (for this I have a separate notebook):

1. What did I do right / well? How can these benefits be enhanced in the future?

2. What did I do wrong? What could have been done better? How to proceed in the future similar situations and fix the mistakes?

3. What else could be done? Why hasn't it been done? How can this situation be avoided in the future?

(This is a mandatory item! You can not do a fig all day and go through the first two items like a handsome man).

4. Has the current day brought my long-term goals closer? What should have been done to get even closer to the goals? (Accordingly, you should have goals.)

5. What will I do tomorrow to strengthen strengths, get around the weak and get closer to achieving your long-term goals? This point comes as a conclusion from the previous 4.

To further strengthen this point, you can work through the tasks for the next day in the organizer. Very often we are "sketched" by the tasks around us, and we, without hesitation, write them down in our organizers. If you look at these tasks with a sober head in a calm atmosphere and analyze them from the point of view of your goals, then half can be abandoned, and another quarter can be delegated to someone else.

Mandatory rules for introspection:

1. Analyze the affairs of the current day only. You will not remember with whom and how you "incorrectly" communicated or had a telephone conversation yesterday. Everything should be done in hot pursuit.

2. Everything is subject to analysis: why do I take a long time to get to work? How many times and who called me? Why did they call me? Could you call someone from the staff? How did the negotiations go and what did I miss? How can I optimize the financial structure of my companies? How to reduce the tax burden in the light of the last income tax payment? ..

I review the calls that I received on my mobile, I look at the mail, the organizer.

3. Do it constantly. It is very difficult to force yourself to do self-examination all the time. It often happens that in the evening you are tired and want to rest, you have no strength, you want to eat, etc. But you need to use this tool constantly! Otherwise, there will be no sense from it.

4. Do everything in writing.

This makes the analysis deeper and more meaningful, and you can write down conclusions for yourself and important points which are worth paying attention to.

5. Once a month, you need to revise the conclusions (point 5) and analyze whether they were all implemented, whether everything is going smoothly. If not, then you need to set a goal for yourself for the week and focus on one aspect. It is very important. Because we all know that there is a huge difference between how you should do it and how I do it.

It would seem that the tool is very simple, but as a result of using it, I got real benefits:

1. The load decreased - I began to refuse a large number tasks, businesses and projects that conflict with my goals.

2. Life has become more conscious - daily analysis very clearly emphasizes my strengths and weaknesses, right and wrong actions, relationships with time.

3. Small daily improvements - in fact, my system helps to implement the same principle as "kaizen".

4. Before using this tool, I was in Brownian motion- a lot of things, meetings, projects, tasks. After the start of use, everything is laid out on the shelves, it becomes clear and understandable.

I'm sure you are well aware of the feeling when you are constantly busy. You do something, like a lot, all day long. But when a year passes and you ask yourself: "What have I achieved this year, what have I done significant?" - then only a new iPhone and a couple of stupid noisy gatherings with friends come to mind, and that's it. But it passed whole year! And you give yourself a word that next year you will fix everything, you will do something meaningful, but this year goes by, and nothing really changes. The tool I have described allows you to break this vicious circle.

There is only one difficulty in using this tool - you need to have enough high level self-criticism. Self-criticism test - the question "what are my weak points?" If you don't have a single answer to this question, then the tool is unlikely for you. And to further simplify the analysis of daily events, you can approach everything that happened from the point of view of such a chain: what did you want to get? - what did you really get? - why did it happen?