And after the consoles on the consonant examples. Letters s and after the consoles for consonants

After all Russian consoles on the consonant instead and are written, according to pronunciation. For example, play - play - draw. Total - summarize. Go - previous. At the same time, the origin of the root, Russian, or foreign language, is not taken into account. So implemented the phonetic principle of Russian spelling.

Note that in words proprious, idle, Syznova In the console, the letter is also written, since it stands after the console for consonants. In accordance with the same rule, the word is written susmancy.

Special attention should be paid to the verb chargein which the original Russian console vz-, ending on a solid consonant, joins the ancient Russian verb "torture", i.e. to take. In this verb after the console, the consonant is preserved and, in accordance with pronunciation. Note that in other single words, for example ceremonAccording to the pronunciation, we will write instead of them.

After the Russian consoles inter- and superpap the vowel, etc., for example, mezhinskitsky, super-descriptive. This is explained by historical reasons. First, writing the vowel after the prefix interference would violate the well-known rule: "Zhi-Shi write with the letter and". As for the console top, the fact is that for many centuries, the sound [x] could only be solid, therefore, when combined with the prefixes of super- with an initial vowel root and no changes did not have any changes that should be fixed graphically on the letter . So fixed. Experimental, overturnitative.

After foreign-speaking consoles On the consonant deh-, counter, pan-, post-, sub-, super-, transless and persistent, so that the writeer can see the boundary between parts of the word and faster understanding that this word means. For example, disinformation, Pobrong, Paniransky, Postpressionism, Superintendent. Please note: in Russian, there may be a pair of single-handed words, in which the initial vowel root will look different. For example, post-infarction but pre-infarct, konpong, but raffle. It is determined by the fact that in the first case there are used other-language consoles, and after them the vowels and the root remains. In the second case, the consoles of Russian origin are used, ending on the consonant. Therefore, after them, it turns into a, according to pronunciation.

In addition, it should be remembered that the rule about the transition and in s after consoles on the consonant does not apply to comprehensive words. For example, state Inspectorate, Sportsman.

Bibliography

1. Russian language. Grade 6 / Baranov M.T. and others. - M.: Enlightenment, 2008.
2. Babeitseva V.V., Chesnokova LD. Russian language. Theory. 5-9 CL. - M.: Drop, 2008.
3. Russian language. 6 cl. / Ed. MM Razumovskaya, P.A. Redeante. - M.: Drop, 2010.

1. Presentation ().
2. Additional tasks ().

Homework

Task number 1

To the verbs in these phrases, add a console for consonants. Record the result.

Search for a criminal, play chess, look for a key, pull the result.

Task number 2.

To the following adjective, add the prefix to the consonant in such a way that it change the word value to the opposite. I write the result.

Famous sculptor, interesting work, Initiative employee, skillful game, ideological position.

Task number 3.

Insert the missing letters.

1. Since the mice here turned out not so simple.

2. This river takes into an unimless influx.

3. The preservation of this event was almost forgotten.

4. "In the interpretation competitions ended late," sighs Zharca.

5. Now I understand that it is necessary to learn from this.

6. In winter, in the village is bored: puts off without a similar longing, there is nowhere to go.

Consoles in Russian many.
One is always written in the same way, make mistakes in writing them especially insulting.
Some consoles are written strictly according to the rule: understand how to act, and you will not be mistaken.
And there are those that require constant attention, for example, console pre- and pri-.
Learn how to write Russian consoles.

What consoles are written always equally?

1. Consoles in-, about-, from-, over-, under-, u-, about-, you-, on the-, per-, before-, by-, re-: to come in - make - run in- stand up

No problems! Write them always equally!

Many consoles are written always equally, for example: run away, get up. Do you hear different sounds at the beginning of these words? The sounds [in] and [f] are different pronunciation of one console in. Why can the pronunciation be different? It depends on the subsequent sound. There is a law of stunning calls before the deaf. So, we can produce these consoles in different ways, depending on the phonetic position in the word, but they are always the same in the same way.

Remember:

Remember these consoles will help list examples:

Inscription, signature and jog,
ending, dumping,
output, entrance and attack,
and income and sodium
and an approach, hike
and underground transition.

2. Prefix C-: Delivery

There is only a prefix from-.

The erroneous writing of this small console is so common that I had to allocate a special rule. The fact is that many confuse the console with consoles ending in the letters from or z.. We will be discussed below.

Write the console is always the same: and in front of the vowels, and in front of any consults: the delivery, make, wash off.

Before paired ringing consonants, the prefix is \u200b\u200bpronounced as [s]: to make, pass.

What consoles are written unenochnakovo?

1. Consoles ending in letters z. and from: helpless - homeless

Attention on the border of the console and root!

Consoles: Once - // Ras-, out - // Is-, without - // Bes-, WHO - // Re-, Vis - // Sun-, bottom - // NIS, through - // , Upon - // Cres- if the root of the word

• begins to vowel or ringing consonants, write with the letter z.: homeless,
• if the root begins on the deaf consonant, - with the letter from: helpless.

2. Consoles gRA - // about: lIGHT - truant

Think of the meaning:

If values \u200b\u200bare expressed:

• "Frequency, history, antiquity, remoteness of times, phenomena, relationships, persons", write praises: Praslavyansky, Praded,
• any others - write a console pro-: to simultane (long), view (quickly, running), prescribe (assign treatment), etc.

3. Consoles once- (races) // RO' Z- (RO' C): present - rO' SIDE

Attention to the emphasis:

In consoles once, races - // Rose-, Ros-

• without emphasis, write but: Roll away,
• under the stress - about: RO 'FABORS.
  

4. Consoles pre-//: premium, block - come, bind, cover, roadside

Think of the meaning:

Write pre-if values \u200b\u200bare transmitted:

• "highly" - premium, fresh,
  
• "Pere" - obstacle.

Write if the values \u200b\u200bare transmitted:

• "Approximation" - come, come,
• "Joining" - to sew, bind,
  
• "A little bit" - cover, open,
• "Near, close" - coastal, roadside

Attention:

Many words are not included in the listed groups: get used to, attend, listen and others. Writing them to remember.

Do not confuse:

In a number of words per and for The root is included: the reason, hello, order, turn, despise, obstacle and others. Such writing to remember.

I-s after consoles for consonants: play-play

See the console for consonants? Then after it instead and write s!

After consoles,

• ending on consonant in place and write s: Raffle, misintermetty.
  An exception: charge taxes, payment, fine
• inter- and superphanage and: Mezhinskitsky, over-interest.
  Why? Because there is an important ban for the Russian language: you can not write s after well, sh,as well as k, g, x,
• after the prefixes "foreigners" write and: Supergame, postpressionism.
  Why?Because the basic rule does not apply to borrowed foreign language consoles: des-, counter, trans-, post-, sub-, super-, pan-

Spelling of consoles - one of the most complex sections of spelling Modern Russian language.

It has a huge number of prefixes that have the most different values. Some denote proximity (for example, "a school"), some - moving in space (for example, "climb").

Also, with the help of consoles, you can turn the verb of an imperfect look into the verb of the perfect species. For example, several verbs can be made from the verb of an imperfect type "Play", which indicate the completed action: "Play", "play", "win."

In contact with

Odnoklassniki.

Some consoles can end in both deaf and ring consonants (for example, "ruin" and "tell"), but the prefix "C" does not have a ringing twin "s". When performing exercises on the spelling, the disciples often face the problem of choice, not knowing what the letter to write after the prefix: "s" or "and". For example, there is a verb "Play". But why in the word "play" the letter "s" appears in the root? Where did she come from?

Letter "and" after consoles for consonants

Vowels "s" and "and" after the consoles are one of the most common "Stumbling stumbling blocks" For junior and sometimes even for senior schoolchildren. The letter "and" is always placed after those prefixes that end in the letter denoting the consonant sound. Here is the very typical examples: "Truly", "Interested", "Won". However, with the letter "and" after the prefixes of complexity, schoolchildren arise very rarely, because words such words are usually pronounced in the same way as they say. For example, in the word "interested" the sound "s" is not heard, and the sound "and" is clearly heard. Here are examples of suggestions with such words:

• "The girl began to play on the violin, and everyone was crying from the dignity";
• "The boy went to a friend and invited him to play together";
• "Grandma decided to look for glasses under the sofa";
• "The teacher is interested in the image of Sereda."

Letter "s" after consoles on the vowel

The letter "s" is always writes after those prefixesthat end the letter denoting the consonant sound. Here are the most typical examples: "play on the piano", "find a loss". However, there is one exception - this is the old Slavonic word "charge", which means "take". In modern Russian, the prefixes "Pz" no, but there is a prefix "WHO" (for example, "cultivate") and "BRE" (for example, "rebel", "rebellion", "rebel").

Here are examples of suggestions with such words:

• "The Moskvich car was played into the lottery;
• "The bad weather was played out, the snow and poured from the sky!";
• "I wanted to find a profitable place of work in the city";
• "Mongol-Tatars charged tribute to Russian princes."

Using this rule, it should be remembered that the prefixes "between" and "beyond" are not suitable for it, for example: "Mezhigar break", "Mezhinskitsky competitions", "super interesting book". In the case of the word "Mezhinskitsky", it will not be superfluous to recall another hostess rule, which says: "The combinations of" zh "and" Shi "are written only with the letter" and "!

Why is it important to write consoles correctly

Rules of spectrix of prefixes dedicated to a separate section in school Program Disciplines "Russian as a native" (in Russian Federation) and "Russian as a foreign language" (in the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States). Exercises on the letters "s" and "and" after the prefixes enrich vocabulary Junior schoolchildren help children to master the basic principles of word formation using prefixes, and also develop memory and contribute to the rapid assimilation of theoretical rules in practice.

A man who owns the Russian language should pay attention to the competent writing of the consoles. Proper use and writing in accordance with the established rules and standards of the Russian language indicates a good level of education. Competent written speech It is often crucial when entering the institute and to work. A person who writes with errors is unlikely to be accepted or elected to a guiding position.

In order to learn how to write correctly, first of all needs practice. The following types of practical exercises are most effective:

• Insert missing letters in words, guided by the Rule studied;
• Create your own examples to a specific rule;
• Insert missed consoles or choose one console from several options for each word;
• Trace how the meaning of the same word changes depending on different prefixes.

The spelling of the consoles is studied in the know high School: from the initial (second-fourth) to senior classes (tenth-eleventh). Naturally, the level of complexity of exercises is gradually increasing with the growth of students. The spelling of letters "s" and "and" after the prefix is \u200b\u200bfirst introduced into training program In 3-4 grade. Then these rules are repeated annually, but the number of words encountered in practical exercises increases.

For to competently write consoles, you need not only to know the rules, but also be able to apply them in practice. The continuous execution of practical exercises on the consolidation of the studied rules contributes to the development of the spelling skills and bring them to automatism. Also, children and adults learn to competently write consoles while reading Russian classical literature: both poetry and prose.

The rule of writing the letter and / s after the prefixes on the consonant concerns different cases of writing words with an initial letter and or in the root of the word. The choice of letter is determined by the Russian or foreign-language prefix precedes the keyword.

Spelling letters s after Russian consoles for consonants

If in morphem composition Words there is a Russian prefix that ends on the consonant, with the exception of the letters "F" and "X", after it in the root we write the letter.

Examples:

• heart attack - pre snFARCT;
• initiative - without snicy;
• skillful - without sbombing;
• irryize - S. sronize.

Note.

Similar words are written: Fordweight, search, idleless, awnglish, reconciled, unnamed, symptoms, idle, hopelessness, previous, find, play, looking for, unwindy, notorious, played.

Note.

An exception: charge; Challenge.

These two words are written in accordance with their pronunciation.

The letter and after the prefixes of inter- and super-

In Russian spelling after the letters "F", "Sh", "X", "H", "Sh" does not write the letter, therefore, after the prefixes of inter- and in the root, the initial letter I.

Examples:

• game - Inter andgrowa
• institutsky - Inter andundertaking
• publishing - Inter andbuilding
• interesting - over andnothere and so on.

Thus, the algorithm for writing consoles will look like this.

Algorithm for writing console and and and

Writing letters and in difficult words

IN complex words With the first part of two, three-, four- after the letter "X" is written only the letter I.

Examples:

• double
• three-limit
• quadhigher.

As part of complex words, there is a short-range word, and the second retains the initial letter I.

Examples:

• sport andnventar (sports equipment),
• specialist andnonstrument (special tool).

Writing letters and after foreign language consoles

If in the morpheme composition of the word there are other-language prefixes of des-, counter, pan-, post-, super-, sub-, trans-, then in the root of words, the initial

Examples:

• des. anddiafrote, des. andused, des. andnon-mental;
• counter andgra, counter andtog, counter andsC;
• fast andmPressionism, post andnFARCT;
• pan andslavic, Pan andronic;
• super andgrowa, super andshiny, super andnotherent;
• trance andransky, Trans. andnDI; sub andnurse.

Thus, when combining the console, which ends on the consonant, with the root or other prefix starting with and, by general rule We write the letter.

Example: Previous, wanted, prehistory.

We write the letter and in words with consoles in excess of- and inter- (Experienceful, Mezhinskitsky) and in words with foreign language prefixes and particles of pan-, sub-, trans-, counter-and so on (Konpong, Subgraduker, Postimpressionism).

97. Instead and After the consoles that end the consonant, pronounced and written s: time sgrate, pre sblowing, without sbowful, sub sshow without sdane, pre sstory, not essential etc.

In two cases, after the consonant sound, the consoles are written and :

1) in words with consoles inter- and in excess of- , eg: inter andneststical (competitions), in excess of andsync (manners);

2) after foreign language consoles, for example: sub andnurse, Pan andslavism, counter andgir.

98. Consoles ending on the consonant except z. , written according to the general rule, i.e. Do not change this consonant: fromput fromsaw d.beat, by d.to nag etc.

That is why at the beginning of Russian words never writes zb, zg, zd, uzh, And writes sat, SG, SD, SG, With the exception of words: herees hereae hereorovye zGand (n. zGand not visible)as well as derived from them: heremeans, herebalance, etc. (in these words the first letter is not a prefix).

99. Consolesame of- , bottom- , wHO- , vz- , time- , rose , without- , on and through- Writing with the letter z. before vowels and before ringing consonants, and before deaf consonants, these consoles are written with the letter from: r. z.beat fromsaw, V. z.do - in fromnym z.verge - n. fromwalk, I. z.beat - I. fromspoil z.giving - Be. fromright, B. z.emergency - B. fromparty etc.

Note. Should not be overlooked that the rule concerns only consoles, i.e. that it has nothing to do with the root, for example: wait (Where wHO - root) or low, lower (Where bottom - root).

100. Console rose- (Ros-) writes only under the emphasis when he heard about: painting but: receipt; sledge but: fall apart.

101. In order not to make a mistake in spelling consoles re- , pre- , pri- , It is necessary to understand the meaning of these consoles. The meaning of the prefixes re- - "Again," "Ooo", "Through": repaint, overtake, jump. The main meaning of the console pri- - "Approximation", "add": take away, attach also attract; In other cases, it indicates an action committed to a small extent: open, lie down, lift; In addition, it has other meanings. Console pre- It has two main values: 1) means high degree Quality: promoted, prenection; 2) has the same meaning in book words that simple words It has a prefix re- . For example: refraction (Wed: reversal), convert, turn (Wed: turn out) etc.

Words should be distinguished (see them in the dictionary): arrive, arrive, arrival and stay, stay; prieste and limit, determine; receiver and successor, successive; outcast, przyram, charity and desire, despise, contempt; proceed and bear, criminal, the crime.