Are there any suggestions without subject to both faithful. Can there be an offer without major members

Single Suggestions - suggestions with one main member (only to the fault or only subject to).

· Vaguely personal: I was called to the director.

· Generalized-personal: Without difficult, do not pull out the fish out of the pond.

· Impersonal : On the street with a haymnel.

· Definitely personal: I sit and draw.

· Infinitive : Silence! You already go.

· Vazhvoy : Night. Street. Lamp. Pharmacy.

With the analysis of single-parting proposals, students often admit different errors.

The first type of errors is associated with the need to distinguish between single-main and twisted incomplete proposals.

Definitely we diagnose in the form of the main member: the fault in it is expressed in the form in the form of 1 and 2 persons of the only and multiple number expressive challenge (in the present and in the future), and in imperative inclination; the action manufacturer is definedand can be called personal pronouns 1 and 2 persons i, you, we, you:

I'm coming, and before the forest will not come to the forest.

The feature of the verb forms with a morphological basis of 1 and 2 persons is that each of these forms can "serve" one-sole subject: form with the end - w. (iD-U.) - pronoun i , shape with ending - eat /‑icher. (iD-Eat) - pronoun you , shape C - eat /‑them (iD) - pronoun we , shape C - weter /‑iTE (iD -) - pronoun you . Forms 1 and 2 of the masses of the imperative inclination also definitely indicate a person who is a manufacturer of action.

Since the morphological feature of the face is represented in the verb only in these forms, the proposals of a similar value with the leaky-verb in the form of the time of expressive inclination and conditional challenge are considered twisted incomplete, for example:

Went, went, but did not come to the forest .

In this proposal, the form of the baked does not indicate a manufacturer of action.

Even if from the previous context it is clear that the manufacturer of action is speaking (speaking) or listening (listening), sentences or parts complex offer Without subject to faithful in the past time or in conditional inclination, they should be characterized as two-part incomplete, since information about the performance producer is not extracted from the proposal itself, but from the previous context, which, in fact, is an indicator of the incompleteness of the proposal or its part; See, for example, the second part of the Complex Offer:

I would help you if I knewas.

IN vaguely personal offers the main term is expressed by the verb in the form of 3 persons of the plural (present and future time in the expressive inclination and in the imperative inclination), the form of a multiple number of transmitted time of expressing inclination or a similar form of the conditional challenge of the verb. Manufacturer of actionin these proposals unknown or Nevazhen:

You call / Call / let call / called.

There are no uncertain-personal such proposals without being led by the specified forms, in which the actions manufacturer is known from the previous context; See, for example, the second offer in the following context:

We left the forest and tried to navigate the terrain. Then they went along the path right .

Such proposals are also twisted incomplete.

Thus, describing the proposal as a single-part-to-personal one, it is necessary to remember the limitations on the form of the fartainment, when diagnosing a proposal as an indefinite-personal need to take into account the value - an indication that the manufacturer of the action is unknown.

TO generalized personal single-main proposals include not all single-parting proposals reporting on the action that can be attributed to everyone and everyone, but only those of them in which the fairyless shape is expressed by the form 2 of the single number of expansive and imperative inclinations or the form of 3 faces of the multiple number of expansive inclinations:

You rush quieter - Further will you.

Forest cabin - Ships fly

However, certain-personal proposals with the main member in the form of 1 person and impersonal proposals can be used in the generalized and personal value. What we have - do not store, lose - cry; Wolves fear - not to go to the forest. Nevertheless, such proposals are not accepted as generalized personal.

The greatest difficulties are related to the analysis impersonal offer .

Significant complexity represents the determination of the composition of the main members in the suggestions of the type We were very fun ride from this slide. , i.e., in suggestions that have in its composition a ligament, registered part and infinitive. There are two traditions in the analysis of such proposals.

First, there is an opinion that when the characteristics of such proposals as impersonal or how the two-part is important, the sequence of components is important (the infinitive at the beginning of the sentence or after the bundle and the nominal part), and the value of the name of the facility.

So, if the name of the status is used in the nominal part, which is experiencing a validity manufacturer ( fun, sad, hot, cold and others), then this is a single impersonal sentence:

It was fun to ride from this slide.

Ride from this slide was fun .

If the word is used in the nominal part with the value of a positive or negative assessment ( well, bad, harmful, useful et al.), then we have a two-sufficient offer with a subject, expressed infinitive:

He was harmful to smoke.

Smoking he was harmful .

According to another linguistic tradition, the characteristics of the supply of this type depends on the order of words in it, and not from the word value in the nominal part. If the infinition is standing before the ligament and the name of the part, then it, with the relatively free order of words in Russian, denotes the subject of the message and is subject to:

Smoking he was harmful .

If the infinition follows the bundle and registered part, then we have an impersonal offer:

He was harmful to smoke .

With respect to impersonal proposals, it is also necessary to note the following: not impersonal, and two-part incomplete part of a complex proposal, the position of which is substituted in which is substituted by the apparent extaste (subject to the terminology of the complex 2) or direct speech, for example:

It was heardhow the wicket creaked (Wed: It was heard).

"I disappeared," - i swept in my head (Wed: It flashed in my head).

Such proposals without a subordinate part or direct speech lose all meaning, are not used as it is the criterion of incompleteness. So, suggestions * It was heard or * I swept in my head Cannot be understood and not used.

Calling(nominative) offers - These are one-stop sentences in whichthe existence of existence of objects or phenomena is approved.

The grammatical basis of the calling propositions is only one of the main member, in the form of similar to those subject: major Membercalling proposals are engaged maldly case of a noun(solitary or with dependent words), eg:Noise, laughter, runway, bows, gallop, mazurka, waltz ... (A. Pushkin).

Satisfying proposals are concluded in the approval of being, the existence of the phenomenon is in the present time. Therefore, the title proposals may be used in the past, in no future, nor in conditional, nor in imperative inclination. In these times and challenges, they correspond to the following suggestions. it wasor will be: Fall (Name offer). There was autumn; Will be autumn(Two Suggestions).

Three major varieties are distinguished.

1. Resistant:

Twenty first. Night. Monday.Things of the capital in the MGL (A. Akhmatova).

2. Indicative;

they include index particles here, here, won, won and:

Here is the place where their house is worth; Here Iva (A. Pushkin); That's bridge (N. Gogol).

3. Evaluation-exisons ;

they are pronounced with exclamation intonation and often include exclamation particles. what kind of, well, and:

Siege! Attack! Evil waves, like thieves climb into the windows (A. Pushkin); What night! Frost Treskukhiy ... (A. Pushkin).

Feature-based proposals is that they are characterized by fragmentation and at the same time a large capacity of expressed content. They only refer to individual details of the situation, but the details are important, expressive, calculated on the imagination of the listener or reader - those on which it can imagine the overall picture of the described setting or events.

More often, the rational proposals are used in the descriptive contexts of poetic and prosaic speech, as well as in remarks of dramatic works:

Rocks, blackened from sunburn ... Rassed sand, which burns through the soles (N. Sweet);Evening. Seaside. Sighs wind. Music exclamation of waves (K. Balmont);Living room in Serebryakov's house. Three doors: to the right, left and in the middle. -Day (A. Chekhov).

The main members of the proposal - its grammatical basis - are subject to and taught, correlated in meaning and standing in the form of an infinitive. But there are suggestions in which there are no or one, or at once two component parts grammatical foundation. Such suggestions are called single.

Types of single-part offers

• There is definitely personal - in it the form of the facility indicates that a certain action is performed by the 1st or 2nd face.
  Example: I go to school. Sale!
• Uncertain-personal - in the form of the verb you cannot specify a specific person that performs action.
  Example: I was sent for bread.
• The generalized-personal - the form of the faugible is such that the action, technically, can be performed by anyone. This type of proposals includes a significant part of proverbs and sayings, rooted in the people of wise sayings.
  Example: you like to talk - love and listen.
• The impersonal is the essence of these proposals in that the action, about which we learn from them, is committed in itself, without anything action.
  Example: Mortwood. Smelled lilac.
• Infinitive - proposal in which the fault is in the form of an infinitive. These proposals often have pronounced emotional color; They can be formulated as clear orders, instructions to action or as exclamation in an internal monologue.
  Example: Terp! Silence! Take yourself! Just do not fail!
• Nominative - type of proposals in which there is only a noun (subject to a nominative case).
  Example: Winter night. Trumpet. Heavy stone.

Incomplete offers and parcel

Incompletely called those proposals in which there is no faithful or subject to (or both and both at the same time); Their meaning (as well as lowered members of the sentence) are restored from context. Most often found in oral colloquial speech, as they help unload it from constantly mentioning the same information.
For example: A: Will you go for bread to that shop that has opened this week? B: Yes, I will go today for the bread at that store ... - and below.
Or otherwise: A: Will you go for bread? B: Yes.
Parcelization is called poetic (most often) reception, the essence of which in the division of a proposal for two or more with a point. It is necessary for the rhythmic organization of the text.

Grammatical basis of the sentence. The concept of the main members of the sentence

The grammatical basis of the sentence consists of a subject and faithful.

The grammatical basis expresses grammatical values \u200b\u200bof the sentence. They are associated with the values \u200b\u200bof the ignition and the time of the verb-fag.

The troops move to the front.

(The action is actually happening and takes place in the present time).

Yesterday he went to us.

(The action actually happened, but in the past time).

Would you say with my mother, Ivan!

(The action is not realized in reality, but desired for the speaker).

Subject to and be surely called the main members of the sentence, because all secondary members in the proposal directly or indirectly distribute them.

We show the dependence of secondary members from the main ones in the following scheme:

Amazed Varenuha Silently filed an urgent telegram.

Subject to as a member of the sentence. Forms of expression subject

Substant - this is the main member of the sentence, which means the subject of speech and answers the questions of the nominative case who? or what?

Tendually in Russian can be expressed in different ways, sometimes "unusual" forms. The following table will help to determine correctly.

Main ways to express the subject.

Taken as a member of the sentence. Types of the facility

The legend is the main member of the sentence, which is associated with the subject to special connection and is important, expressed in matters what makes the subject of speech? What happens to him? What is he? What is he? who is he? and etc.

The faithful in Russian is simple and composite. Simple (simple verbal) is considered to be expressed by one verb in the form of any inclination.

Composite fadies are expressed in several words, one of them serves to communicate with the subject, and the sense load falls to others. In other words, in composite lexical and grammatical meanings Expressed in different words.

(Verb was colonel

(Verb started Serves to communicate with the word work The sense load is falling.)

Among the composite fadies, composite verbal and composite names are different.

For more information about the types of fad. Simple verbal faithful

A simple verbal believer is expressed by one verb in the form of any inclination.

It can be expressed by the following forms of verb:

We emphasize that in the case of you will be waiting for a simple verbal faithful expressed composite form of the next time the verb to wait.

Composite verbal legend

The composite verbal legend consists of two components - auxiliary verb serving to communicate with the grammatical importance of the fag and an uncertain form of the verb expressing its main lexical meaning and carrier basic semantic load.

(It took here is an auxiliary verb, and gnawing is an indefinite form of a verb carrying a semantic load.)

(I don't want here - this is auxiliary verb, and offend is an uncertain form of a verb carrying a semantic load.)

In the role of auxiliary verb, combinations of some brief adjectives (Must be glad, ready, obliged, etc.) and the service verb-bundle to be in the form of one of the ignition (in the present, this bunch is lowered).

(Here a bunch to be omitted).

So, we will present the structure of a composite verbal faugible formula:

Composite nimble leaf

The composite nominal leakage consists of two components: a ligalar verb serving to communicate with the grammatical value of the tame, and the name of the part, expressing its main lexical value and the main semantic load.

(Here the ligament verb will become, and the nominal part is expressed by the adjective viscous.)

(Here the ligament verb will, and the name of the taent is expressed by the existence of the handball player.)

Imagine the structure of the composite name of the Formula:

The nominal part of the composite name of the fag is expressed by the following parts of speech: nouns, adjective (full and short, different forms of degrees of comparison), commander (full and short), numerical, pronouncing, adverb, condition of the category of state, verb in an indefinite form.

In Russian, you can allocate at least four main types of single-part offers.

Main types of doubles

Knowing the main types of doubles suggestions, it is easier to find grammatical foundations in them.

Main types of single-part offers

Secondary members of the sentence: definition, addition, circumstance

All members of the proposal, except the main, called secondary.

Secondary members of the proposal are not included in the grammatical basis, but spread (explain) it. They can explain other secondary members.

We will demonstrate the scheme said:

According to their importance and roles in the proposal, minor members are subdivided into definition, addition to the event. These syntactic roles are recognized on issues.

Appreciated (to what extent?) high - circumstance.

Appreciated (what?) loves - addition.

Lovers (whose?) his - Definition.

Supplement as a member of the sentence. Types of add-ons

Supplement is a secondary sentence member, which answers questions of indirect cases (i.e., all, except for the very native) and denotes the subject. Supplement typically spreads the lean, although other members of the sentence can also distribute.

I am pleased to read (what?) Magazines. (Here the journals are distributed here.)

Reading (what?) Journals - a fascinating occupation. (Here the supplement of magazines is distributed to the subject.)

Supplements are most often expressed by nouns (either words in the function of nouns) and pronouns, but can also be represented by an indefinite form of verb and solid in meaning of phrases.

Having shaved in the campaign (what?) The bayonet. (Here Supplement with a bayonet expressed nouns.)

This is understandable only to connoisseurs (what?) Beautiful. (Here, the addition of excellent is pronounced as a noun.)

And I ask you (what?) Stay. (Here the supplement remains expressed by an indefinite form of verb.)

He read (what?) Many books. (Here Supplement a lot of books are expressed wholewise in meaning with a combination.)

Additions are straight and indirect.

Direct add-ons relate to transient verbs and denote the subject to which the action is directly directed. Direct add-ons are expressed by a vinitive case without an excuse.

I do not know when now I will see my relatives (p. P.).

In these furnaces, steel was smelled (p. P.).

All other additions are called indirect.

Play-ka on the piano (p. P.).

I put bread on the table (p. With a pretext).

I was forbidden to worry (expressed by an indefinite form of verb).

Incomplete sentences - These are the proposals in which a member of the sentence required for the completeness of the structure and the values \u200b\u200bof this offer are missing.

The missed members of the proposals can be restored by participants in communication from the knowledge of the situation, which is discussed in the proposal.

For example, if one of the passengers, looking at the road at the bus stop, will say: "Walk!", the remaining passengers easily restore the missed subject: Bus Going.

The missed members of the sentence can be recovered from the previous context. Such contextually incomplete offers are very frequent in the dialogs.

For example: - Is your company tomorrow assigned to the forest? - asked Prince Poltoratsky. - My. (L. Tolstoy). The replica of Poltoratsky is an incomplete sentence that is missed by the subject, the target, the circumstance of the place and the circumstance of time (Wed: My rota Tomorrow is assigned to the forest ).

Incomplete designs are common in complex suggestions:

I obediently, i am nothing (Pushkin). The second part is difficult non-union sentence (i am nothing) It is an incomplete sentence that is missed by the leaky (Wed: I am not obedient nothing).

Note!

Incomplete offers and single-service offers are different phenomena.

IN single proposals There is no one of the main members of the sentence, the meaning of the proposal is clear to us without this member. Moreover, the structure of the proposal itself (the absence of the subject or the subject, the unique major member shape) has a definite value.

For example, the form of a plural number of verb-faithful in an uncertainty-personal sentence transmits the following content: the subject of action is unknown ( On the door knocked), not important ( His wounded under Kursk) or hiding ( I told me a lot about you yesterday).

IN incomplete sentence Any sentence may be omitted (one or more). If we consider such a proposal outside the context or situation, then its meaning will not be incomprehensible to us (Wed outside the context: My; I am nothing).

In Russian, there is one kind of incomplete sentences in which the missing member is not restored and is not suggested by the situation, the previous context. Moreover, the "missed" members are not required to disclose the meaning of the proposal. Such proposals are clear and outside the context, situations:

(Sands).

These are the so-called "Elliptical offers". A secondary member is usually subject to the subject and addition. The same is missing, and we often can not say which exactly missed.

Wed: Behind the back located / Located / Viden Forest.

Nevertheless, most scientists consider such proposals to be structurally incomplete, since a secondary member of the proposal (circumstance or addition) belongs to the legend, and the faithful in the proposal is not presented.

Note!

Elliptical incomplete sentences should be distinguished by: a) from single-maintained calls ( Forest) and b) from double-supplied - with a composite nameless, expressed indirect case of a noun or adverbing with a zero ligament ( All trees in silver). To distinguish between these structures, it is necessary to consider the following:

1) Single-maintained calls cannot contain circumstances, since the circumstance is always associated with the faithful. Among the minor members in calling proposals are the most typical are agreed and inconsistent definitions.

Spring forest; Entrance to the hall;

2) Nominal part of the composite name of the facility - the noun or adherent in the twisted full sentence indicates a sign-state.

Wed: All trees in silver. - All trees are silver.

Member Pass inside the sentence in oral speech It may be observed by a pause, on the site of which the letter is put by a dash:

Behind the back - the forest. On the right and left - swamps (Sand); I obediently, I am nothing (Pushkin).

The most regularly dash is set in the following cases:

in an elliptical sentence, containing the subject and circumstance, the complement is only if there is a pause in oral speech:

Behind the night window - fog (Block);

in the elliptical sentence - under the parallelism (the same type of members of the sentence, the order of words, the forms of expression, etc.) of structures or their parts:

in incomplete proposals built according to the scheme: nouns in vinegenic and duty cases (with the passage of the subject and faithful) with a clear intonation division of the sentence:

Skiers are a good skiing; Youth - jobs; Young families - benefits;

in an incomplete sentence, which constitutes part of a complex proposal, when the missed member (usually led) is restored from the previous part of the phrase - only if there is a pause:

Nights steel black, days - overwork (in the second part restores a bunch become).

Party Sampling Plan

1. Specify the type of sentence (complete - incomplete).
2. Name missed member of the sentence.

Sample analysis

Guys - for axes (A.N. Tolstoy).

Incomplete proposal; Missed faithful crasted.

Predicate Along with the element of the grammatical basis of the proposal. The attacked indicates the action that the subject performs, as well as its condition or a sign, therefore, the legend answers questions what to do? what to do? What happens to the subject? What is the subject? What is he? who is he? As a rule, the legend is expressed by the verb, but there are other ways of its expression - noun, adjective, pronoun, communion, etc.

The Russian language is represented by three species - simple verbal leaky, composite verb and composite nominal. In order to quickly and correctly determine the species of the faith in a separate case, it is necessary, first, to represent the scheme of the composition of the faded, secondly, to be able to apply the theoretical scheme in a specific language material. Consider the types of the fadedes, briefly describe each of them and follow the implementation by the example.

1. Simple verbal leaky.

This is the easiest type of faugible - it is expressed by the verb in any inclination. For example, he plays; I would come early et al. Most often, this type is remembered by the formula: one word in the taught, it means that the failed simple verbal. It is not difficult to guess that this formula is erroneous: to this type These are faugored, as part of which are 2, 3 and even more words. For example:

It will be long remember About the past (Future complicated).

Let be Stars forever light Your long-long winter path (imperative mood).

It went out of myself (phraseologism).

They are waited, waited and did not wait (Repetition of one verb in different forms).

Spring waited, waiting nature (Repetition of identical verb forms).

Get offended do not be offended, but still will be in my opinion (Repetition of one verb with a particle is not).

I'll go string (combination different verbs in the same form).

2. Composite verbous legend.

This faugible is built according to the scheme: auxiliary verb + infinitive. All these elements must be present in a fault so that we can call it composite verbal! Again, it is not necessary to think that this legend consists of 2 components - there may be more.

It wants to come in the Institute.

I'm long could not with them meet.

You must learn.

It there was a hunter to have fun.

I was not able to think about it.

Note that the auxiliary element most often the phase verbs (those that denote the phase of action - Start, continue, become, throw) or modal words ( must owes, wants).

3. Compound nominal leakage.

Such a faithful consists of a verb-bundle and a name. The most common verb bunch beBut you can meet other bundles. The registered part is expressed by adjective. Nouns, adorption, communion, pronoun, etc.

Weather it was good.

The book is faithful friend.

His character little become.

Grass smeshen.

Evening quiet.

Error it was obvious.

Two by two - four.

This notebook my.

As you can see, the definition of the type of faithful simple task, you only need to confidently and absolutely know the material and, most importantly, be able to navigate in it.

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