Song history = evening chime =. Evening bells Kozlov evening bells

"Evening Bells" Ivan Kozlov

T. S. Vdmrv-oh

Evening call, evening Bell, evening call, evening Bell!
How many thoughts does he make
O young days v native land,
Where I loved, where is my father's house,
And how I, saying goodbye to him forever,
There listened to the ringing in last time!

I can’t see the bright days
My deceiving spring!
And how many are now dead
Then cheerful, young!
And their burial sleep is strong;
They do not hear the evening ringing.

Lying in the damp earth too!
A sad chant over me
In the valley the wind will blow;
Another singer will walk along it,
And it’s not me, but he will be
In thought to sing the evening bells!

Analysis of Kozlov's poem "Evening Bells"

"Evening Bells" - the most famous poem Russian poet of the era of romanticism Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov. It became famous thanks to the romance of the same name, which in mood is more like a funeral song. The music for it was written by Alexander Alyabyev (according to another version - an anonymous composer). The approximate year of creation of the work is 1827. Its first publication dates back to 1828. "Evening Bells" is a fairly free translation of the poem "Those Evening Bells" by the Irishman Thomas Moore. Original, composed in English language, - part of the collection "National Airs", published in 1818. Interestingly, the original source Moore included in the cycle "Russian Airs", providing it with the subtitle "Air: The bells of St. Petersburg". Along with the poem "Those evening Bells", the Irish poet's collection included notes of the melody authored by the composer John Stevenson.

Kozlov was an Orthodox and churched person. He was well aware of the features of Christian services, including those related to the ringing of bells. His poem deals with the All-night Vigil. Before the beginning of this public worship, which lasts from sunset to dawn, a bell always rings. First, the gospel is heard, which is a blow to big bell... It is replaced by pealing - joyful ringing of all the bells, carried out in three steps. It is no coincidence that Kozlov's poem consists of three stanzas. Each of them contains six lines rhyming in pairs. Three stanzas can be compared with three chimes included in the ringing. At the same time, the lines rhyming in pairs are comparable to the voices of individual bells.

When publishing Evening Bells, Kozlov did not make a note about the translation, which is rather strange. Apparently, the poet considered the poem to be an original work, a kind of creative reworking of "Those Evening Bells" by Thomas Moore. But Ivan Ivanovich provided his version of the work of the Irish poet with a dedication to Tatyana Semyonovna Veidemeyer, a close acquaintance of the Kozlov family.

The Russian text "Those evening Bells", thanks to its amazing musicality, interested not only Alyabyev. Other composers also turned to him, and each one placed accents in his own way. Today, the melodies of Vasily Zolotarev, Yuri Arnold, Alexander Grechaninov, Pavel Vorotnikov, Nikolai Bakhmetyev, Varvara Saburova are known.

Evening bells, evening bells!
How many thoughts does he make
About young days in the native land,
Where I loved, where is my father's house,
And how I, saying goodbye to him forever,
There I listened to the ringing for the last time!

I can’t see the bright days
My deceiving spring!
And how many are now dead
Then cheerful, young!
And their burial sleep is strong;
They do not hear the evening ringing.

Lying in the damp earth too!
A sad chant over me
In the valley the wind will blow;
Another singer will walk along it,
And it’s not me, but he will be
In thought to sing the evening bells!

Analysis of the poem "Evening Bells" by Kozlov

Kozlov Ivan Ivanovich - poet, translator, friend of V. Zhukovsky and A. Pushkin. "Evening Bells" is one of his most famous works set to music.

The poem was written in 1827. Its author is 48 years old, he is a collegiate counselor, a family man, and has been paralyzed and blind for many years. The poem is based on a free translation of the 1818 poem "Evening Bells" by Thomas Moore, which he included in the cycle of the so-called "Russian Songs". Poems by I. Kozlov are slightly longer than the original, but with the preservation of the rhythm and structure of the original. He did not consider himself only a translator, published without reference to T. Moore. It was printed with dedication good friend of the Kozlov family - to Tatiana Veydemeyer. By genre - song, elegy, size - iambic tetrameter with adjacent rhyme, 3 stanzas. The composition is subject and circular. Except for two, all rhymes are closed.

The soundtrack of this poem is very expressive, already from the 1st stanza the reader seems to hear a bell ringing in a skillful arrangement of rhymes. The intonation is sad, but light. The author seems to be blessing everything: the passing life, and the course of life, which slowly takes away those close, cheerful, young, the very course that will lead him to the grave. The “other singer” will sing “evening bells”: there is nothing to envy, the same end awaits him, too. Only the eternal ringing of bells, a sign and symbol of the hope for the resurrection and the afterlife will continue to be heard throughout the earth. The lyrical hero recalls how he hurried to say goodbye to his family, his whole life was spread out before him. “Where I loved”: he left behind his first love. For the "last time" at the service in the temple. "My deceiving spring": she promised so much, but swept by so quickly. In the "raw grave," he assumes, this ringing is not heard. “I can’t see bright days any more”: in a figurative sense - not to return that time, literally - can be regarded as an allusion to I. Kozlov's blindness. “A melancholy tune”: perhaps the emotional color of this epithet is bleak, but one should not forget that bell ringing is not only a festive ringing, but also the measured beatings of a bell, reminiscent of eternity. Repetitions enhance the melodiousness of this piece. The simplicity and deep meaning of these lines are clear to every person.

"Evening bell" I. Kozlov called chain reaction in Russian art: composers, artists, poets took lines and images from it into service, wrote music, created paintings of the same name.

Issak Levitan "Evening Bells", 1892

I can’t see the bright days
My deceiving spring!
And how many are now dead
Then cheerful, young!
And their burial sleep is strong;
They do not hear the evening ringing.

Lying in the damp earth too!
A sad chant over me
In the valley the wind will blow;
Another singer will walk along it,
And it’s not me, but he will be
In thought to sing the evening bells!

The words: Ivan Kozlov.

Evgeny Dyatlov "Evening Bells":

Evgeniya Smolyaninova "Evening Bells":

Choir of the Moscow Sretensky Monastery "Evening Bell":

Interesting Facts

Music

Alexander Alyabyev (the author of the famous "Nightingale") wrote the music for the poem "Evening Bells", but the melody that is known at the present time, most likely, has a different authorship - not preserved to this day, therefore sometimes they write "folk music", and sometimes - nevertheless, the authorship is attributed to Alyabyev. In addition to the melody familiar from childhood, there are a dozen more written by various composers in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

Poetry

In 1827 (possibly 1828) Ivan Kozlov wrote his poems "Evening Bells". It is still believed that this is a free translation of a poem by Thomas Moore. But Kozlov himself, apparently, considered his work to be an original work. He has other poems - translations of Thomas Moore, and when they were published it was indicated "Imitation of Moore", or "From Moore". When the Evening Bell was published, there was no such instruction, there was a dedication to a family friend - Tatiana Veydemeyer.

EVENING CALL, EVENING BELL

Words by Ivan Kozlov

T. S. Vdmrv-oh

How many thoughts does he make
About young days in the native land,
Where I loved, where is the father's house.
And how I, saying goodbye to him forever

I can’t see the bright days
My deceiving spring!
And how many are now dead
Then cheerful, young!
And their burial sleep is strong;
They do not hear the evening ringing.

Lying in the damp earth too!
A sad chant over me
In the valley the wind will blow;

And it’s not me, but he will be

"Northern Flowers", 1828

Russian songs and romances / Vstup. article and comp. V. Gusev. - M .: Art. lit., 1989. - (Classics and contemporaries. Poetic library).

Translation of the poem "Those evening bells" by the Irish English-speaking poet Thomas Moore (1779-1852). Kozlov dedicated a poem to TS Weidemeyer, a family friend.

There are romances for this poem by Alexander Alyabyev (1828), Varvara Saburova (1834), Joseph Genishta (1839), A.A. Rachmaninov (1840), P.M. Vorotnikov (vocal quartet, 1873), Alexander Grechaninov (1898), V. A. Zolotarev (mixed choir unaccompanied, 1905) and other composers. In the middle of the twentieth century, the choral adaptation by A. V. Sveshnikov, used in the film "Kalina red" by Vasily Shukshin, gained great popularity. The most famous melody of the song is of unknown origin and appears in songbooks as a folk melody. Although it is believed in the literature that it goes back to Alyabyev's romance (see: Anthology of Russian Song / Comp., Foreword and commentary by Viktor Kalugin. M .: Eksmo, 2005), it has nothing in common with Alyabyev's song by ear.

Most common motive:

How many thoughts he leads!

About young days in the native land,
Where I loved, where is the father's house.

There I listened to the ringing for the last time!

And many are no longer alive
Then cheerful, young!

Evening call, evening Bell! Evening call, evening Bell!
He leads so many thoughts!

Ah, those black eyes. Compiled by Yu. G. Ivanov. Moose. editor S. V. Pyankova. - Smolensk: Rusich, 2004

OPTION

evening call, evening Bell

Folk music
Words by I. Kozlov

Evening bells, evening bells!
How many thoughts does he make
About young days in the native land,
Where I loved, where is the father's house.
And how I, saying goodbye to him forever,
There I heard the ringing for the last time!
In the valley the wind will sing
Another singer will walk over it.
And it’s not me, but he will be
In thought to sing the evening bells!

Transcript of the phonogram of Zhanna Bichevskaya, Zhanna Bichevskaya, album "Old Russian folk village and city songs and ballads", Part 4, Moroz Records, 1998.

Alyabyev's melody:

Take my heart to the ringing distance ...: Russian romances and songs with notes / Comp. A. Kolesnikova. - M .: Sunday; Eurasia +, Polar Star +, 1996.

Alexander Alexandrovich Alyabyev(1787, Tobolsk - 1851, Moscow)

Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov. Born April 11, 1779 in Moscow into a noble family. From 1795 to 1798 he served in the guard, then retired and entered the civil service. In 1816 he received paralysis of the legs, in 1821 he became blind. In the same year he began to write and translate poetry. He lived by literary work. He died on January 30, 1840 in St. Petersburg.

The story with this romance is an absolutely dizzying musical detective story. For example, one of the widespread versions, from where the ringing came to us, is that the song was written by a Georgian in the territory of modern Greece, in a monastery on Mount Athos, possibly in Latin. From there, after many, many centuries, the song came to England to the Irish romantic Thomas More, who in turn translated it into English. The song has already come to Russia from England. Or vice versa - first to Russia, then to England, from there back to Russia.

This version has a right to exist. True, researchers who adhere to this point of view cannot confirm it with solid evidence. But this version still needs to be voiced before moving on to the main one - with its own riddles.
According to this version, it turns out that the song is a thousand years old. Neither more nor less. It was allegedly written by the Monk George of Svyatogorets (George of Athos, George of Iversky), a saint of Georgia Orthodox Church(1009 - 1065 years). He went to Byzantium, lived in the famous Iversky monastery on Mount Athos, and there he wrote a kind of spiritual hymn, which became a well-known song. Died George Svyatorets in Athens, the monks transferred the body to the holy mountain, and buried there.
And the song began its journey, further - options: either Greece-England-Russia, or Greece-Russia-England-Russia.

Mikhail Nesterov "Shimnik. Evening Bells"
No matter how wonderful this version sounds, it is the second most important and cited. Those who share the above point of view still face the main version, no less interesting, with its own surprises.
Basic version
The authors of the romance are Ivan Kozlov and Alexander Alyabyev. A wonderful poet and a wonderful composer. One was blind after the paralysis that broke him, the second was in exile in Siberia.

Ivan Kozlov
Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov (1779 - 1840) - from the nobility, the son of the Secretary of State at the court of Catherine the Great. I knew Italian from childhood and French languages, when the disease confined him to bed, he learned German and English. He wrote poetry himself, translated a lot. Let me remind you that the disease struck not only the legs, but also the eyes, he did not see. I read his daughter "from languages", he immediately translated, or rather, wrote his own poems. He also translated into foreign languages poems by Russian poets, including Pushkin.
It is believed that Ivan Kozlov translated a poem by the English poet of Irish origin, Thomas Moore, which became the famous "Evening Bells".
About young days in the native land,
Where I loved, where is my father's house,
And how I, saying goodbye to him forever,
There I listened to the ringing for the last time!
Thomas Moore and Riddles Again
The poet Thomas Moore (or Thomas More - such a spelling can also be found, 1779 - 1852) became immediately known far beyond the borders of England. He is famous not only for his poems, but also for some bright strokes of his biography.
For example, he was an unlucky duelist: together with his rival, he was arrested right at the scene of the crime. The great English poet Lord Byron allowed himself to laugh at the lucky unlucky one, as a result, Moore wrote an angry letter to Byron with a hint that he was always ready for the next showdown. Byron had already left, the letter did not find him.
But later the poets became friends. They became friends so tightly that Byron bequeathed his papers and memoirs to Moore. Thomas Moore burned them. He also wrote a biography of Lord Byron.

Thomas Moore
Moore's poems were extremely popular in Russia, they were known. Moore's constant translator was the blind poet Ivan Kozlov. But one of the mysteries is that Kozlov always signed, whose poems and whose translation. In the case of "Evening Bell" this was not the case.
Moreover, the next riddle - Moore's poem "Those Evening Bells" was published as part of his collection "Songs of the Nations of the World" with the subtitle "Russian Melody". What kind of melody with the words of "Evening Bells" could exist? Maybe some earlier folk song "about the ringing of the evening"? Unknown.
Even more interesting, Moore's “song” had another subtitle: “The Bells of St. Petersburg,” which is even more puzzling. Quite interesting: in England, Thomas Moore met with a historian, statesman and the brother of the Decembrist Alexander Turgenev. It is believed that Turgenev could have conveyed the Russian "Evening Bell" to Moore and "English" to Turgenev. Exchanged.
But what is the original then? There is no answer yet. And finally: the poem by Thomas Moore had its own composer - Irishman John Andrew Stevenson. Stevenson's notes to Moore's poems have practically nothing to do with the song we know. But Moore himself pointed out that his poems have a certain Russian song as their source.
And the authorship of A. Alyabyev, as a composer, is questioned. Other surnames are also given, in particular - Vasily Zinoviev. But it is even more difficult to delve into this question than into the problem of the authorship of the text.

Alexander Alyabyev
This song was immediately translated into all languages, even Esperanto. “O Abendglocken, Abendhall” is the German version, “Campanas de Atardecer” is the Spanish. Songs for Kozlov's poem were composed by other composers, of which A. Grechaninov (1964, Kaluga, 1956 - New York) and Sergei Taneev (he himself translated the text into Esperanto "Sonoriloj de vespero", this text has survived, the notes have been lost ). Various English authors also wrote their melodies to the poem by Thomas Moore.
Lines from a poem by Ivan Kozlov are mentioned in the poems of Evdokia Rostopchina, Denis Davydov, Fet, Polonsky, Bryusov, Klyuev, Andrey Bely, Demyan Bedny. It is also interesting that one of the daughters of one of the Tolstoy counts, the daughter of Fyodor Tolstoy (Tolstoy-American) from his marriage to a gypsy dancer, wrote her own poem "Evening Bells". But - wrote in English, which indirectly refers us back to Moore.
The song of Kozlov-Alyabyev can be heard everywhere, including in films ("Twelve Chairs", "Operation Trust", "Only" old men "are going into battle," Kalina Krasnaya ").
In a word, as far as the history of the song is concerned, only what is known is known. The authors of the famous romance are Alexander Alyabyev and Ivan Kozlov. Thomas Moore - as the primary source of the text, although everything is still not very clear here. But regardless of who, where, when and under what circumstances this work was composed, it turned out to be organically related to very many people. And it's not even so important how old the song is - 200 or 1000, what matters is that its life is still long.
“Evening bells, evening bells! How many thoughts he leads! "