Fomin Efim Moiseevich. Fomin Efim Moiseevich: biography, photo

F.omin Nikolai Petrovich - Commander of the 1st Battalion of the 272nd Guards rifle regiment The 90th Guards Vitebsk Rifle Division of the 6th Guards Army of the 1st Baltic Front, Guard Major.
Born 11 (24) in November 1914 in the village of Big Surmets now Abdulinsky district of the Orenburg region in the peasant family. Mordvin. He graduated from 6 classes.
In the Red Army was called in October 1936, and in the same year he became an officer, after completing the courses of the younger lieutenants.
At the front in the Great Patriotic War since October 1941. Member of the WCP (b) since 1942. He fought with Hitler's invaders in the Western, Southwestern, Voronezh, the 1st Baltic fronts, actively participated in the battles of the first period of war, which were mainly defensive, beat the enemy in the Kursk arc, dismissed Ukraine and Belorussia. Was wounded three times, but every time after cure returned to the system.
Commander of the 1st battalion of the 272nd Guards Rifle Regiment (90th Guards Rifle Division, 6th Guards Army, 1st Baltic Front) Guard Major Nikolay Fomin distinguished himself when the Sirotinsky district of the Vitebsk Region Belarus, during preparation for Vitebsk-Orsha offensive operation (June 23-28, 1944) and the preparation of the Polotsky offensive operation (June 29 - July 4, 1944).
On June 22, 1944, the Guard's Major's Major, Fomin Rifle Battalion, broke through a strongly fortified deep-energized defense of the enemy and freed the villages of Cotoshi and Pleighs. The Nazis met the Soviet fighters with hurricane artillery-machine-gun fire. At a critical moment, when the commander of the 171st Rifle company fell in the forefront of the brave, and her fighters lay, Major Nikolay Fomin Guard, a personal example of an injecting a division into an attack, rising to the whole height and, despite the deadly fire of the enemy, rushed into battle orders Ralessed company, with the exclamation "For the Motherland, Forward!" Raised her entire personnel and moved on the Nazis, watered them with fire from all types of weapons. The 171th rifle company and the 1st battalion in a rapid throw broke through the defense line of the enemy.
Warriors Guards Guards Major Fomin, headed by his brave commander, captured four enemy tools, mortar battery, three machine guns, which contributed to the successful occurrence of the 272nd Guards Rifle Regiment and liberation on July 4, 1944 of the city of Polotsk Vitebsk region. But before that joyful day of Guard Major Fomina N.P. was not destined to live, how to find out what he was awarded high degree Differences ...
W.case of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 22, 1944 for the exemplary execution of combat missions of the command at the front of the fight against German fascist invaders and the courage and heroism of the Guard Major Fomin Nikolai Petrovich was awarded the title Hero Soviet Union.
In a fierce battle on June 28, 1944 for the liberation of Polotsk Guard, Major Nikolay Fomin was seriously injured, and died in the 97th individual health battalion on July 3, 1944. He was buried at a fraternal cemetery in two hundred meters south-west of the village of Cotoshos, and later reburied in the village of the Hot Polotsk District of the Vitebsk Region of Belarus.
He was awarded the Order of Lenin, medals.

Essay about the regimental commissioner Efim Fomina, who led the defense of the Brest Fortress. Feat the defenders. Gennady Lubashevsky.

"I'm dying, but I do not give up. Goodbye homeland! 20.VII.41G. "

(Inscription on the wall of the barracks of the 132nd battalion

konvoy troops of the NKVD in the Brest Fortress)

On this day I woke up very early. An obscure anxiety crushed into the soul, forced to climb from bed and approach the opened window. There was that special silence, which happens to the nasty summer in the morning. The city, spreading the hands of the prospectuses, slept tightly. The clock behind the wall is deeply punched four times. The low pulling sound of the last strike gradually sank, dissolved in the air, and the sense of anxiety did not pass. Lord, because now four hours, today on June 22 ... 70 years ago, it was at this time on the destinies of people, as a gunner, passed temporary meal, dividing life to "before the war" and "after the war". And I almost physically felt a person next to him, about whom I want to tell you in this story.

I felt how my shoulder concerns his shoulder in the officer Franch, heard him breathing heavily, peering into the window. We were shared for 70 years, and we saw all different paintings outside the window: I am a peacefully sleeping city, and he is the silhouettes of German aircraft, breaking bombs and shells. I enjoyed silence, and he heard the screams and moans of the wounded, crash of automatic queues, grenade breaks. Another moment - and my vision was gone. The man broke away from the window and, on the go, a staging collar, stepped in the doorway. Thirty-one-year-old Regiment Commissioner Efim Moiseevich Fomin left on June 22, 1941 in immortality - he will lead the heroic garrison, defeated the Brest Fortress.

He will never know about the bitterness of our retreat, nor about the battle near Moscow, nor about the Kursk arc or about Stalingrad. He will not see the ruins of defeated Berlin and bright, like a blood drip, Kumach Banner Victory over Reichstag. And it will not bring him to stand in the front columns of winning warriors on Red Square. Although ... who knows, maybe because he stumbled the horse of Marshal Zhukov, that on the right flank of these front columns was the invisible to the human eye of the column of those famous and unknown, who could not stand in line ... bow myself Once and remember the words of A. Tvardovsky:

"And the dead, lackless there is an even one:

We fell for your homeland, but she was saved. "

Brest Fortress ... A lot of books are written about the feat of her defenders and several films are shot. Alas, the farther the events of those heroic days leave us, the more speculations, or even frankly inappropriate about the events of the first days of the war appears on the pages and film screen. I will not half aim with those who had enough conscience to distort the story, but I will do that as I did when writing a story "offspring as an example" about the Hero of the Soviet Union Submarine-Severnomorez Israel Fisanovich: I will give excerpts from the letter to me To whom we can trust - the Son of Efim Fomin. I managed to find Yuri Efimovich, he turned out to be our countryman with you, lives and works in Kiev. Yuri Fomin - Candidate historical sciences, Honored Lawyer of Ukraine. We have repeatedly communicated with him by phone, the son of the Commissioner sent his story about the father. Let's read his sovie memories together.

"In my memory lives a light image of my father - the regimental commissioner E. M. Fomin. He was one of the organizers and managers heroic defense The Brest Fortress and the heroic died at the very beginning of the Great Patriotic War In July 1941.

Then I was 11 years old, and my father's memories are naturally related to childhood. Like all the boys of my age, I loved to play a "war" and was very proud that my father was military. When we lived in Kharkov, I remember, he cut out for me wooden saber With beautiful ephhes. True, she soon broke down, and I cried bitterly, and my father, comforted, promised me to make a new one and kept the word. Returning from the business trip, he brought gifts, interesting books, seeking to instill love for reading.

I saw little father at home, especially in anxious pre-war years, when we lived in the Latvian city of Daugavpils. He went to the service with dawn and returned late in the evening when I slept. But, despite the big employment, his father was interested in my school at school and found time to talk to teachers.

I remember the accuracy and demanding of the father to myself. He was always pulled in shape dressed and wake. At the same time, the Father was not dry, a smooth pedant. He was distinguished by life. If you joked and laughed, he was fond of playing chess, which called "combat training", rejoiced with a new book, film, good song.

Many colleagues of the Father celebrated his sincere attention to people, and we and I myma and I, Augustine Gerasimovna, knew that at any time I could contact him or for the Council of the Red Army, commander or politatar. Once in Daugavpils, he learned that one fighter, native from the Caucasus, is very worried: Mother got sick. Thanks to the help of the father, the guy was given a vacation. Father always sought to encourage a person, if necessary, help him with a word or affair.

In March 1941, his father received a new appointment - to the Western border, to the city of Brest. My mother and I stayed temporarily to stay in Daugavpils. From the letters of the father, it was known that he had a lot of work at the new service: he sought to bring his regiment to advanced. Without having an apartment, my father lived in the location of the shelf in the Brest Fortress, in the service room, where the table was stood for work and bed. Father promised at the first opportunity to come and pick us up in Brest.

The last telephone conversation with him was held early in the morning of June 19, 1941. Mom reported that some of the military families leave Daugavpils, asked what to do. Father replied: "Do how everything ..." War began in three days ...

There were no news about the fate of the father for a long time. Only in 1942 it came to notice that he was listed missing from September 1941.

In 1951, already being a student Kiev UniversityI went to Brest with the hope of learn anything about the Father. In the military registration and enlistment office, I was shown the district newspaper "to the glory of the Motherland" with the materials of the remains of 34 Soviet soldiers found in the ruins of the fortress, their weapons and things. In a commander bag, a partially preserved order No. 1 was found in the fortress dated June 24, 1941, where the regimental commissioner Fomin was named after defense leaders.

From the editorial office of the named newspaper, I was informed of one of the defenders of the Brest Fortress, the former Writer of the headquarters 84 of the rifle regiment A. M. Phil who lived in Yakutia. I sent him a letter and in January 1952 received an answer. A. M. Fil said that he fought in the fortress under the command of the Commissioner Fomin, he knows that the contused commissar with several fighters was captured by the fascists and executed.

After that, I turned to the USSR Ministry of Defense and other instances with a request to take measures to establish the fate of the defenders of the Brest Fortress in the summer of 1941, in particular, my father. However, I was answered that the military district does not have the opportunity to carry out excavations in the Brest Fortress. Nevertheless, I continued to search.

As you know, for the study of the defense of the Brest Fortress, a remarkable Frontovik writer, Laureate of the Leninist Prize Sergey Sergeevich Smirnov. For the first time we saw him in July 1956 in Moscow at a meeting of defenders of the Brest Fortress dedicated to the 15th anniversary of her heroic defense. The writer gave me his book "Fortress on the border" with the inscription: "The son of the hero and the leader of the defense of the fortress Yuri Fomina in memory of our meeting and with deep respect for the memory of the hero's father. S. S. Smirnov. "

At the same time I met the participants of the Brest Defense arrived at Moscow. They said that from the first minutes of the battlefield, the regimental commissioner E. M. Fomin became the organizer of the defense, showed exceptional courage, courage, a personal example of a fascinating warriors to fight the enemy.

The heroic feat of the Commissioner, of course, was not accidental. The origins of it are associated with vital path Father, unfortunately, short, but illuminated by the ideas of freedom and social justice, devotion to the Soviet dedication. This is confirmed by the compressed facts of his biography.

Efim Moiseevich Fomin was born on January 15, 1909 in the town of the peg of the Liozinensky district of the Vitebsk region, in the Jewish Labor Family. His parents are the father-blacksmith, the mother-seamstress - died early, and he was brought up at first at the aunt, then uncle. Since 12, the student has begun labor activity, or rather, serving a hairdresser in Vitebsk, then he was a student of a shoemaker. Brought up in the orphanage, worked at the Vitebsk shoe factory, where in 1924 he was adopted in Komsomol.

In 1927, Efim moved to Pskov to the older brother Boris. Here he entered the district vesprurtshkol. During his studies, he was accepted in the ranks of the Communist Party. After the end of the Sovpartshkol, his father worked in trade union and party bodies, in absentia studied at the Leningrad Communist University.

According to party mobilization in March 1932, his father became a personnel political worker of the Red Army. He served first in Pskov, then in Feodosia and Simferopol, the secretary of the Komsomol organization of the anti-aircraft regiment, the company's political officer, the instructor of the political waste of the rifle division, the Commissioner of the Rifle Region.

In August 1938, he was appointed to the post of military commissioner of the 23rd Kharkiv Order of Lenin of the Red Banner Rifle Division. Together with this division in 1939 participated in the liberation of Western Ukraine. For progress in service twice was early in advance military rankIn 1939 he was awarded the title of the Regimental Commissioner, which corresponded to the rank of colonel.

Arriving in April 1941 at a new place of service in Brest, E. M. Fomin, in a short time, managed to conquer the confidence and love of fighters and commanders. This was later recalled by his Odoopalin A. M. Fili: "From the first days with his attention, his responsiveness and simplicity, he acquired a good name" Father "in the Red Army environment. All members of the Great Team resorted to his help without timidity in the heart. Rigor and kindness, demanding and practical help were the main methods of his work on the upbringing of personnel. "

At dawn on June 22, with the first breaks of enemy shells in the Brest Fortress, Commissioner Fomin was in the center of events. Due to the lack of commanders, he accepted the command of the 84 rifle regiment by the 6th Rifle Division, which was in the barracks, and ordered the fighters to take defense in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Kitadel. Attempting by the Nazis to break through these gates was repulsed. After that, he organized a counterattack against the German squad, breaking through the neighboring Terespol gate in the center of the fortress. As a result, this squad was crushed and discarded. The first success was covered by the defenders of the citadel.

So that the fighters see in their ranks of another older commander, he ordered the S. M. Mathevosyan to put on his spare gymnaster with the signs of the distinction of the Regiment Commissioner. By his order, the Komsorg tried to break through from the fortress on the armored person, to contact the command of Soviet troops, but unsuccessfully. Fascists blocked all exits from the fortress.

Commissioner Fomin participated in battles with the Nazis, often headed the bayonet attacks, fascinating the fighters with a personal example. At the same time, he understood that disconnected groups from different military units would not be able to resist the superior forces of the fascists for a long time, so it sought to unite all the defenders of the fortress.

June 24, 1941 on his initiative and with his active participation In the break between battles in one of the champows, they gathered at a meeting of the commander of individual groups that fought in the Citadel. They decided to combine into a consolidated group and create a single command and defense headquarters.

The moral qualities of Efim Moiseevich says the fact that he, being the most eldest among all officers, gave the right to command the garrison precisely by the personnel military, having a combat experience. The communist was appointed communist, participant civil War, Captain Zubachev, and his deputy became the regimental commissioner Fomin.

Together with the captain Zubachev, the father led the combat actions of an organized breakthrough from the environment, but they were unsuccessful - the advantage of the enemy was too big. The forces of the defenders of the fortress, who did not receive any help, melted, and their position was becoming more severe.

Fascists blocked all the approaches to the Mukhaver River, washing the fortress. As a result of this, the defenders of the fortress (and among them a lot of wounded) severely suffered from thirst. There was no water, food, medicines, dried ammunition. However, the heroes stayed to the last cartridge, to the last drop of blood.

According to the fortress remaining in living defenders, the Commissioner Fomin in incredibly difficult conditions showed the will and excerpt. No wonder called his soul defense. When one of the fighters said that the last cartridge would leave himself, the father objected: "We can die in a hand-to-hand fight, and the cartridges are shooting in the fascists." Those who fell in spirit, he urged that aimless death, suicide is a cowardice, life must be completely given to the fight with a loud enemy.

On a par with all defenders of the fortress, the Commissioner Fomin suffered from thirst and hunger, but did not allow him to be given any preference. Feldscher S. E. Milkevich once brought a few muddy water to the Commissioner, which was hardly assembled in the hole dug under the floor. Father has been tormented by the thirst for several days, but he said: "Water is only for the wounded." When he was injured in his hand, he went down to the basement, where a few wounded expected dressings. Feldscher rushed to him, but his father said: "First," and began to wait for his turn. Scouts brought bread and galley commissioners, found from the killed Nazis, and he gave the food wounded, women and children who were in the basements.

In rare breaks between the battles, Efim Moiseevich sought heartlows to pick up fighters, inspired her faith in our victory over the enemy, called upon to fulfill his military debt.

When the Nazis grabbed a group of hungry, hungry, exhausted by multi-day heavy battles of fighters, among whom was the wounded Commissioner Fomin, the traitor issued it to the fascists. As eyewitnesses told, the Germans shot the commissar at the fortress wall. Before death, he managed to shout to fighters: "Do not fall in spirit, the victory will be our!" "

What can be added to these sincere sovereign memories? Yuri Efimovich is very scoop writes about the details of the death of his father, and I understand why. He is a historian and used to trust the proven facts. For him, the Father still remains alive, as I remember in those "Food Fathers". Father to this day is an example for a son.

We also cannot describe with documentary accuracy, what happened in the fortress in those terrible days. Built according to all the rules of fortification art, she was able to survive a long siege if ... if her defenders had a weapon, ammunition, food, water, medicines, if in the hot retreat they were simply not thrown to the mercy of fate. And how not to remember the words of the writer Boris Vasilyeva: "The fortress did not fall. She bleeding. "

The Germans could not take powerful strengthening, could not break the resistance of the garrison. Then they proceeded to the methodical siege. Endless bombing, shelling from the giant 600-millimeter morrts specially delivered to Brest, the use of flamers and poisoning gases did their job. Rows of defenders melted. At the end, the fascists began to dump the fortress the superheassed bombs by half a weight, from the ruptures of which the Earth shuddered and the walls collapsed. And, to top it off to this nightmare, on the fortress on June 29, a monster bomb was reset the weight of almost two tons. A terrible blow by its strength like an earthquake shook not only the fortress, but also the whole city. Many fortifications were destroyed, some of the people died under the rubble, the part was injured or controversial, the land was falling asleep and wreckage and could no physically resist the enemy.

Apparently, among these wounded and contudate defenders was Fomin. According to the memories of other miracles of the surviving defenders of the fortress, her commissioner was alive on July 15, after 24 days of stubborn defense. Maybe the strength of the spirit of this person, his influence on the surrounding were so great that people did not want to believe in his death and continued to consider alive? .. this we will never know. One thing is known: Efim Moiseevich Fomin fell by the death of brave, but remained forever to live in the memory of our people.

Writer S. S. Smirnov, who revealed many circumstances of heroic defense and resurrected from non-existence the names of the heroic defenders of the Brest Fortress, requested the name of the Hero of the Soviet Union to Commissioner. However, the USSR Ministry of Defense presented him to award only ... the Order of the Patriotic War. Remember my story "Commissioner", about the feat of the Siberian icebreaking steamer commissioner - Soviet "Varyag"). Commissioner "Sibiryakova" Elimelkh was also awarded posthumously ... only by the Order of the Patriotic War. Alas, the Motherland, generously showering the highest awards of some, clearly stamped against others, no less worthy of his sons.

Nevertheless, Sergey Smirnov again and again appeased with the petitions. As a result of E. M. Fomin by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of January 3, 1957, he was awarded the Order of Lenin. Since 1981, war veterans and their organizations have repeatedly appealed to the highest leadership of the USSR, Russian Federation, Belarus with petitions about the assignment of E. M. Fomina posthumously the title of Hero, but in vain.

The memory of the right son soviet people - Commissioner and by the post, and by calling - Efim Fomin lives. Its names are called streets in the Belarusian cities of Brest and Minsk, in the village of Liozno Vitebsk region, from where he comes from, and in the Russian Pskov, three schools in Belarus and Russia, and memorial plaques are installed in the Brest Fortress, Ukrainian cities of Kharkov and Simferopol.

Every June 22, on the anniversary of the beginning of the war, our neighbor Uncle Sergei in the early morning, when he was still sleeping, put his jacket with an empty left sleeve and the Order of the Patriotic War with a broken enamel on one of the rays of a five-pointed star. He went out for the gate of his old house, and, having folded his palm with the palm of the surviving right hand, looked at the other side for a long time, where Dawn was born. The timing rays of the morning sun slipped along his face and dried tears who rolled down at unshaven cheeks. He stood alone while the first passersby appeared on the streets. Then he went to himself, sat down under the apple tree and tightened the same song with a deaf intermittent voice:

"Twenty-second June, exactly four hours

Kiev bombed, we were announced that the war began ... "

For a long time there is no uncle Sergei, nor his old house. And the song is alive. As a alive memory. The memory of those heroes who were the first to take the battle and for whom the advanced border on which they fought, became the last. The memory of millions of fallen for the victory and about those who have returned to the victory.

I put the last point in this story and rose. In the twilight of the summer evening, I again saw the Silhouette of the Commissioner at the window and stood next to him. Stand up and you, my reader. Remember the fallen and watch. We all live thanks to them. They will stay with us forever.

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Efim Moiseevich Fomin

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Efim Moiseevich Fomin (15.1.1909, Pegs of the Liozen County of the Vitebsk Province - 26.6.1941, Brest) - Soviet officer, Regiment Commissioner, Deputy Commander of the 84th Rifle Regiment of the 6th Orlovsk Red Banner Division. One of the defense leaders of the Brest Fortress in June 1941.

Biography

Born in the town of the pegs of the Vitebsk district (now the village of Kolyshka Lioznensky district) in the poor Jewish family (Father - Blacksmith, Mother - seamstress). After the death of the parents was brought up with aunt, then Uncle.

1921 - a student of a hairdresser, then a shoemaker in Vitebsk.
1922 - accepted by the pupil in the Vitebsk orphanage.
1924 - Adopted in Komsomol.
1927-1929 - Pskov District Communist Party and Soviet School II Steps.
1929 - Kolomna Sovpartshkol. At the end, he worked as an instructor of the Kolomna district of the party.
1930 - entered into the ranks of the WCP (b).
1932 - on party mobilization is aimed at party-political work in the Red Army. Secretary of the Komsomol organization of the zenith regiment, political officer, the instructor of the political waste of the rifle division, the Military Commissar of the Rifle Regiment.
1938 - graduated from courses in political enforcement of the Kharkov Military District. For excellent studies and active social work, I received gratitude from the command, and from political management - registered hours with the inscription "For special successes in mastering the Bolshevism."
August 1938 - Military Commissar of the 23rd Kharkiv Order of Lenin of the Red Banner Rifle Division.
September 1939 - in the division participated in the campaign in Western Ukraine.
Summer 1940 - as part of the division entered the territory of Latvia, was in Daugavpils.
March 1941 - on undeserved charges translated into Brest for the position of Deputy Commander of the 84th Rifle Regiment of the 6th Orlovsk Red Banner Division.
June 22, 1941 - He headed the defense of the Brest Fortress in the ring barracks at the site at the Kholm gate.
June 24, 1941 - Deputy Commander of the Fortress Defense Staff.
June 26, 1941 - he was captured in the barracks of the 33rd separate engineering regiment. Captive issued by the traitor and is shot allegedly at the Kholm gates of the fortress.

Posthumous rehabilitation

In cinema

In the film "Brest Fortress" (2010), the role of Efim Fomina performed Pavel Derevko.
In the film "Battle for Moscow" (1985), the role of Efim Fomin performed Emmanuel Vitorgan.

Documentaries

2010 - Documentary-gaming film Alexey Pivovarova "Brest. Fortress heroes" (NTV)

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Notes

Excerpt characterizing Fomin, Efim Moiseevich

We moved deep into the hall, passing around the edges, some huge white plates with letters on them.
- It does not look like runes. What is it, north? - I could not stand it.
He smiled again friendly:
- Runes, only very ancient. Your father did not have time to teach you ... But if you want - I will teach you. Just come to us, Isidor.
He repeated already heard me.
- Not! - I immediately cut off. "I'm not why I came here, you know North." I came for help. Only you can help me destroy Karaff. After all, that he creates - and your fault. Help me!
The north it was even more piring ... I knew that he would answer, but did not intend to surrender. Millions were delivered to the scales good livesAnd I could not so just give up the struggle for them.
- I already explained to you, Isidor ...
- So explain more! - I sharply interrupted it. "Explain to me, how can you sleep well, folded, when human life goes over one another by your fault?! Explain how such a scum, as Karaff, may exist, and no one has a desire to even try to destroy it?! Explain how you can live when it happens next to you? ..
Gorky insult bumble in me, trying to spill out. I almost screamed, trying to reach his soul, but he felt that he was losing. Reverse Path did not have. I did not know whether to ever get there, and had to use any opportunity before leaving.
- Looking around, north! Throughout Europe, your brothers and sisters are glowing through alive torches! Can you sleep calmly, hearing their screams ??? And how do you not withdraw the bloody nightmares?!
His quiet face distorted the grimace pain:
- Do not say this, isidor! I already explained to you - we should not interfere, we are not given such right ... We are the keepers. We are only protecting knowledge.
"Don't you think that you're still, and your knowledge is no longer for whom will save?!. - I misunderstood.
- Earth is not ready, Isidor. I already told you this ...
- Well, perhaps she will never be ready ... And someday, through any thousand years, when you look at it from our "vertices," you are just an empty field, perhaps even swirling with beautiful flowers, because That on earth at this time there will be no people, and there will be no one to tear these flowers ... Think, north, is that the future you wanted the earth?! ..
But the north was defended by a deaf wall of faith in what he said ... Apparently, they all believed that they were right. Or someone once instilled this faith in their souls so hard that they joined her through the century, without opening and not allowing anyone to their hearts ... And I could not break through it, no matter how hard it tried.
- We are not enough, Isidor. And if we intervene, it is possible that we will also die ... And then it will be easier to be simple for a weak person, not to mention such as Karaff, take advantage of all that we are stored. And someone in his hands will be power over all living things. Such was once ... for a long time. The world almost died then. Therefore, I'm sorry, but we will not interfere, Isidor, we have no rights to it ... Our great ancestors presented us to guard ancient knowledge. And this is what we are here for. For what we live. We have not saved even Christ once ... although they could. But we all loved him very much.
- Do you want to say that someone from you knew Christ ?! .. But it was so long ago! .. Even you can not live for so long!
"Why - for a long time, Isidor?" Sarely surprised the north. - It was only a few hundred and back! And we live much longer, you know. How could you live, if I wanted ...
- Several hundred? !!! - North nodded. - But what about the legend?! .. After all, on her, one hundred and a half thousand years have passed since his death?! ..
- That's the "legend" and there is ... - shrugged the north, because if she were the truth, she would not need in custom "fantasies" Paul, Matthew, Peter and the like that? .. With all the time, What these "saints" people didn't even see the living Christ ever! And he never taught them. The story is repeated, Isidor ... So it was, and so it will always be until people finally think. In the meantime, dark minds think about them - only the struggle will always rule on Earth ...
The north is fallen, as if deciding whether to continue. But, thinking a little, though, spoke again ...
- "Thinking dark", from time to time give mankind of the new God, choosing it from the very best, brightest and clean, ... But it is precisely those who are already not in the circle of living. Since on the dead, you see, it is much easier to "dress" a false "story of his life," and put it into the world, so that she carried humanity only what "appreciated" "thinking dark", forcing people to plunge even deeper into ignorance , the souls are still stronger in the fear of inevitable death, and putting on the same shackles on their free and proud life ...
- Who are those who think Dark, North? - I could not stand it.
- This is a dark circle, which includes gray magic, "black" magicians, money genius (their new time), and much the like. It is easier - it is an earthly (and not only) uniting the "dark" forces.

He became the first to ask the first hours of war to organize a desperate and stubborn defense of the Brest Fortress. He was not a commander, but inspired by his example of all the soldiers. A week later, the fortress was still fallen. Efim Fomina was shot first as the "Commissioner and Jew".

"The world and happiness has sunk in this wonderful evening. The fortress rested, "recalled one of the participants in the defense of the Brest Fortress evening on June 21, 1941. The morning of the next day, in his book, the pastor of the German 45th Infantry Division in his book: "Exactly 3.15, a hurricane began and swept over our heads with such a force that we never experienced before, nor in the entire subsequent course of the war. This gigantic concentrated fire shaft literally led to the shudder. Above the citadel like mushrooms, dense black fountains of the earth and smoke grew. Since at that moment it was impossible to notice the opponent's response fire, we believed that everything was turned into a pile of ruins in the Citadel. Immediately, at the last artillery salvo, the infantry began to transfer across the Bug River and, using the surprise effect, tried to capture the fortress to the fortress. It was immediately a bitter disappointment immediately ... The Russians were raised by our fire straight from bed: it was seen by the fact that the first prisoners were in underwear. However, they quickly recovered surprisingly, formed in combat groups behind our broken mouth and began to organize desperate and stubborn defense. "

Wake-up shot, he ran out of the office, where literally a day and spent the night, constantly being in the workplace. After a few seconds, the Cabinet will split in the roof of the incendiary projectile. But at that time, he was already on the stairs down - to the headquarters of the shelf, located in the basement. Going down, holding an outfit under the arm, he saw the same as he, half-dressed and darling the sounds of people exploded from all sides. Silently and misunderstandingly they looked at each other, as if waiting for the explanation of what was happening and answering the question, which no one asked, but who was read in his eyes: "War really?" In confusion, he was and convulsively fasten the gymnaster. But putting it and seeing the views of people facing him with hope as a senior officer, Commissioner Efim Fomin, calm and firm voice gave his first indication, to bring people from stupor.

The feat of these people who defeated the Brest Fortress, became a legend, he inspired many in the next years of war. And among those who first filed an example of persistence and dedication, was Efim Moiseevich Fomin. Although until the gap of the first enemy shells, the in the morning the Efim Fomin really did not even have a combat experience behind the shoulders, but it was he who was noted in many, even soviet encyclopedias, more than once silent the contribution of Jews during the war years, the "soul and heart of defenders".

Efim Fomin was born in January 1909 in the village of Konjezhensky district of the Vitebsk region in the poor Jewish family, the father of which was worn by Kuznets, and the mother seamstress. Parents died early, and for some time being in the care of relatives, the boy accepted independent decision Get to the orphanage. Starting to work from 12 years, over time he joined the Komsomol, then in the RUB VKP (b), and in 1932, in the party mobilization went to the Red Army. Before grateful to the service followed and positions: the Komsomol worker, the PolyrtroCH company, the instructor of the political waste of the Rifle Division, the Military Commissar of the Rifle Regiment. But in the 41st, on the basis of an unfair accusation, filmed later in 1957, the regimental commissioner Fomin Efim Moiseevich was lowered and transferred to the position of Deputy Commander of the 84th Rifle Regiment of the 6th Rifle Division for Politchi. So three months before the start of the war, Efim Moiseevich, and found himself in Brest.

"Below the middle growth, a dense, freshly crown, ruddy, he from the first days with his attention to each little thing, to the most insignificant lack of his responsiveness and simplicity acquired the good name of the Krasnoarmeysky environment -" Father "," recalled in his letter to the commander former one-sex . In the Brest Fortress, he lived alone, because shifting before that the garrisons, he did not have time to transport his son and spouse to a new place. They stayed in one of the towns of Latvia. Understanding the danger of the situation on the border, where an excessive accumulation of German troops has already been obvious, he, by calling his wife, heard from her that the families of other officers were departed deep into the country. "Do what everyone will do - as much as possible indulging emotions into yourself, so as not to sow panic, he said to her. "And I will come soon and take you." On the evening of June 21, he left for the station to go for them, but returned to the regiment, netting on the oddity of what no tickets were - they were all bought. Fortunately, his family was evacuated. On the evening of the next day, having organized and heading the defense by the forces of the units left after a terrible attack, passed to an open broadcast: "I am a fortress, we have a fight, losses are minor, waiting for instructions ..."

So "cheerful" of the broadcast was addressed immediately to the enemy who was already penetrated into the courtyard of the Citadel Kazarm - the stronghold of its internal fortification. The age-old fortress, stuck with the moor filled with water from the bougie and the Mughaw, the buildings, covered barracks, bridges - all this was already under the control of the German troops. Nothing surprising, given that military units of two divisions that deployed in the fortress, including artillery and tank, were removed from the fortress in summer camps. On the path of the Germans, only duty divisions of the regiments, opposed, as we know, in essence, three full-fledged German divisions.

The details of the first hours of defense are known, as well as the number of victims among those who, without even waking up, died under the ruins. From those who survived and broke through the barracks, formed a consolidated group, headed by Captain Zubachev. His deputy was the Commissioner Fomin, and he immediately proposed the first order that appeared on June 24 - "On the creation of a single leadership and organized combat action for further fighting opponent ...".

According to this order, found in its tablet, as well as on other documents and the testimony of the survivors later and will restore the events of those days. The worship is already deserved by the will of the will and excerpt that defended the enemy defended under the onslaught. According to the memories of the survivors, this will was transmitted to everyone in many respects from Fomin: "If the tears of powerless anger, despair and pity for digestible comrades performed in his eyes, then it was only in the dark night, when no one could see his faces. People invariably saw him harsh, but calm and deeply confident in the successful outcome of this difficult struggle. "

He was all the time saw where it was dangerous. He drove soldiers in the attack, encouraged the wounded and cared for them. When his wounded and Feldscher rushed to him, entered into the room of Peppercore, Fomin removed him, saying: "First," and showed them on wounded soldiers, and himself sat down aside, waiting for his turn. For him, the food reserves brought to him, he invariably ordered to give to children and women. In the same way, as the first glass of water refused, which was collected in the yammer of the well on the hour. He gave him to the wounded, although by that time he was already with the lips cracked from the heat, without Rosink water after a two-day siege.

The situation has worsened every day and hour. Fascists offered a garrison several times on the day. But the white flag they did not see. When planning the assault, they assigned to the capture of the citadel eight hours. The fortress did not give up more than a week. During one of the storms, the Germans captured a group of soldiers, among which there was a seriously wounded Commissioner Fomin. He was shot on June 30 at the Kholm gate. According to the part of the survivors, the Fomin as a Commissioner and Jew actively pointed out the fascists one of those, "who threw the white flag in the first minutes of attacks." For what the attitude of the fascists, he was expected - unknown, but he obviously calculated. The fascists left him with everyone in the barrack for prisoners, the night in which became the last in his life. Most of these information on the bitches, the archives and memories of the fellow collapse of the son of Efim Fomin. People who responded to his letters told about the father on tens of pages, despite the fact that he knew only a few days, and someone and at all for several hours. And some also apologized that they could not tell more, since "the memories of the experiences are still up before our eyes, exciting, terrible."

One of the first response letters began like this: "If you are the son of Efim Moiseevich Fomina, I ask you, before reading the letter to my stand. Let a light memory in your heart stand an image of an honest warrior, a courageous defender of the Russian Earth, the hero of the Patriotic War with the Black forces of the enemy, the fearless leader of the heroic defense of the Fortress Brest-Litovsk in June 1941 ... "

On November 4, the first film project of the Union State of Belarus and Russia "Brest Fortress" enters wide rental. So far only in Russian cinemas. In Belarus, the film is shown point. One of the first in mid-june tape Alexander Lukashenko, on the night of June 22, the official premiere of the paintings took place in the Brest Fortress, then the film outside the competition was presented at the Belarusian Film Festival, and on November 5, the Brest Fortress will open the Film Festival "Lіstapad". The question will see the film of Belarusian film workers, while remains unanswered.

According to the author of the idea of \u200b\u200bthe film and his general producer of Igor Ugolnikov, a film that tells about the events of the heroic defense of the Brest Fortress, who assumed the first blow to the fascist invaders on June 22, 1941, was removed historically and in strict accordance with the documentary book-investigation of Sergey Smirnov "Brest Fortress. "

During the filming of the film on the territory of the Brest Fortress, unique complexity and volume of scenery were built - Terespol and Hollem, bridge, barracks, club, fortress walls, etc. As a result, Vladimir Nartaline, CEO of the film studio, noted, did not have anything other than "Dreaming about the truth of war".

In one, Igor Galnikov: from the main acting persons Pictures - Fomin, Kizhevatova and Gavrilov Heroes of the Soviet Union are only two. The Polikov Commissioner of the title of the Hero of the USSR never received, and his son Yuri hopes that after the release of the film, the father will give at least the title of Hero of Belarus.

regiment Commissioner Efim Fomin

At the premiere of the film, which took place on June 22 of this year, Yuri Fomin He came along with the son of Oleg. At the same time, both relatives of the legendary fomina from the film are delighted and grateful to Igor Galnikov and the director Alexander Cott for creating a film.

"Of all the films about the war, that I watched, this one seems most historically reliable, - says the grandson of the defender of the fortress Oleg Fomin, Assistant-consultant deputy of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. - Many computer effects, but they do not interrupt the main idea. The actors are very well chosen, and so that I would not think that, for example, Paul Derevko could be like my grandfather. And compared with the photo - the truth, it looks like! After the premiere, I communicated with him and asked: "Was it difficult to build a role?" What he replied that and hard and long . I know that it was not just a lot of read a lot, a researcher of the Brest Fortress was still working with him, devoted to the history of the 84th regiment, which served by my grandfather. "

son and grandson of the Regiment Commissioner Fomin - Yuri and Oleg Fomina

Yuri and Oleg Fomina are unanimous and in that such films should be more, and young people should know about the exploits of the ancestors.

"We have already rewrote the story for so many times in Ukraine, which, probably, do not know where the truth is, - says Oleg Fomin. - I previously, history He knew very well, and now hardly respond to some school questions. In this regard, the film must be given due - he is actually historically reliable. "

But not to be the regimental commissioner Efim Fomin in March 1941 in Brest - and this could well be - and the film "Brest Fortress" would lose part of the script. Moreover, Fomin went to Brest, according to his son, humiliated - by order it was lowered in office and unexpectedly sent to the Brest Fortress from Lithuania.

But who and why the on the eve of the Great Patriotic slander of the Regiment Commissioner Fomin? How years later, the son of Yuri managed to cancel this order, as well as many other facts from the father's biography tells in an interview for website Yuri Fomin, now consultant of the Parliamentary Commission on the legal policy issues of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, the author of the book on the father of the legend.

- Yuri Efimovich, do you still think that the feat of your father is not valid enough?

Many participants in the defense of the fortress received the high titles of the Heroes of the USSR - including, so to speak, the heroes of the Father's colleagues on the film Gavrilov and Kiezhev. But my father is also worthy of the title of Hero! True, many friends of the Father were perplexed: they remembered that in the fortress Himirnov himself represented him to this rank, but he never received him ... At one time, I came to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, so that he was awarded the title Hero Posthumously, but the title was not given. We also add to the president to your Lukashenko. Since the father's head of the Hero of the USSR, it would be given to the title of the hero of Belarus, because he is a native of Belarus and fought in its territory in such incredibly difficult conditions. But in Belarus, they also denied a refusal, justified by the fact that the events of that time took place when the very Belarusian itself was not like an independent state. But I am sure if Alexander Grigorievich showed his stubbornness, the title of Hero of Belarus could give!

To restore all the details of the life of the Father, you have long searched for his colleagues, studied archival documents, communicated with relatives ... What did you manage to learn in the process of long searches? What was your father?

My father was ray, he loved to learn, read a lot, especially about wars, historical events, legendary personalities. In 1929, he met his future wife and my mother - Augustus Muravian. In a year, I was born, and after two, fascism began to emerge in Germany, a party appeal to the army was announced, and his father responded to him. He did not have a special military education, but he was charged with readiness and erudition, the willingness to take on the most difficult and at the same time a real concern for people. According to numerous memories of his colleagues, in incomplete 30 years, the fighters called him "Bath", "Father"! And this says a lot ...

He served as a father and in the 23rd Kharkov Router Division, which was also called red-known, and her fighters at one time throat Krasnova, Denikin, Wrangel, etc. In the days of the Great Patriotic War, this division fought near Stalingrad, on the Kursk arc, freed the father of his father - Vitebshchina.

- What do you remember your father personally?

- Unfortunately, I just turned 11 years old when I saw him for the last time. Maybe it is precisely because the father saw the worries, I remember every moment of our communication: the game of chess and music, and checking homework. I even remember the smell of his gymnasters and the brave, crispy belts and soap. As it is a pity that he left my life so early ... He was strict and at the same time attentive, sensitive. I remember very well one moment: I, like all the boys of that time, loved to play "In War", and the Father made me a wooden saber, which I was very proud. But when playing with the guys, the saber was broken. When the father came from work, I cried in despair. Seeing this, he said: "Do not cry! I will make you a new one. " I hardly believed in it - because he is so busy! I do not know how he found time, but he made me a saber. And I still regret that then doubted it, I did not believe it ...

It is known that my father in Brest fell due to the fact that he was slandered. What do you think, why did the peak seem to be a brilliant career suddenly translated into Brest with a decrease in position?

Yes, indeed, in March 1941, the translation of the Father in Brest was unexpected. His colleagues told that then the translation of Fomin was perceived as an expression of confidence in him: once they transferred to Brest, it means that we strengthen the Western border. Rumors about what's restless there were already. But we were tortured with my mother: why the father was humiliated on the eve of the war undeserved decrease in the post - made the Deputy Commander on the political part with the motivation that he allegedly did not cope with the duties of the Division Deputy Division. By the way, the title of Regiment Commissioner was still left.

Studying the archives of the Ministry of Defense, I could not figure out for a long time - almost everywhere good characteristics! But in one of the Lithuanian certifications, it was argued that the Commissioner Fomin Cabinet Style of Work and In general, he was engaged in "rotten liberalism". But colleagues claimed the opposite: if the father could be caught in the office, it was very rare, because all the time he spent with the fighters! By the way, the division itself, one of the best in Kharkov, was named after all types of combat and political training, and all the fault was wounded by the Father. In general, the discrepancy between what I learned about the father from his colleagues, and what I read about the archival documents, was striking. Everyone knew: this is a reserve. Probably, he greatly interfered with someone, perhaps, he often showed disagreement with the highest bosses and was too initiative and independent.

- But you have made the abolition of this order about the downgrade. Tell me how!

I still managed to contact one of those who signed the negative certification of the Father, - by the former deputy head of the PolitpoCagrada Department of the 2nd Rifle Corps, which in 1940-41 included the Father Division. His first answer was unequivocal: "I don't know, I did not sign anything." Second: "Yes, I signed." Like, the materials presented the Commission, he himself was never in the division, did not have complaints to Fomin. And suddenly it was unexpectedly admitted: "According to the content of the certification signed on your father, it is clear that I was provided with authoritative pressure. Otherwise, I would not sign her. "

Department's deputy head so did not say that. But one confession is that pressure was put on him, it was enough. I wanted to make the abolition of an order of a downgrade in office, so in September 1989 sent a letter to the USSR Defense Minister Yazov and asked to revise the case of the Father. After the letter was like different departments and departments, I was answered: there are no reason for the revision of the case and the cancellation of the order, respectively, will not. But his colleagues entered the honor of the Father. According to veterans, the Ministry of Defense simply did not want to delve into the essence of the case. They demanded that the Minister once again return to the case of the Regiment Commissioner Fomin - sent a repeated letter in the 90th year. In a response letter from the ministry, it was discussed on the abolition of false accusations and restoring the Father in the previous position of the military commissar posthumously.

- When did you see the Father for the last time?

Then, at the station, when they accompanied it on March 29, 1941 in Brest. More - never, nor living nor dead. But the news from it came two or three times: then the letter, then the phone call. Of the three letters that he wrote from Brest, one so far as a relic is stored in my family. He wrote to his mother that the situation around is difficult, a lot of work in the shelf, but he will try to pull the regiment in advanced. Father believed B. best timesFor what worried. Early in the morning of June 19, 1941, Mom was the last time heard his father's voice in the tube. Father asked our life, my studies, the situation as a whole.

Mom then told him that many commanders send their families to the East, deep into the Union, and asked how to be. Father replied that in case of what, do it all. And also promised, if it works out, come for us. The next day, he received an order for an apartment, and the permission to travel was given. On Saturday evening, June 21, 1941, he had already set off at the station. Only neither one of the trains did not have tickets! I waited almost until midnight, and then, feeling anything, returned to the fortress. It turns out, only lay down, as right away, at 4 am - war. By the way, it was the fighters of the 84th regiment, where the eldest was my father, put the first counterdaddar to the Germans!

- What was gone to know about last Minutes Father's life?

There are inaccuracies in the date of his death. In the Brest Fortress on the memorial plaquel is June 30, 1941. But I have information that he died later - in early July. His colleagues were told about this, and it is in one of the reports of the Ministry of Defense. He was shot ... But, probably, it was unlikely that they could hardly be shot, for the role of the Commissars in the Red Army, the fascists knew well. The commissars were Kirov, and Kuibyshev, Ordzhonikidze and many other colors of the Soviet state. The fascists were afraid of them and hated.

But your father has been considered missing for a long time. How did you manage to find out that he really is a hero?

While I did not come to Brest in July 1951, we did not know anything. But they were sure: I could not disappear, it was not that he was a man! Brest learned that as a result of the excavations in the Brest fortress, held in the fall of 1950, the remains of 34 of the Soviet soldiers who fought with the fascists were found in one of the barracks in the central part of the fortress. At the same time, they found a commander bag - a tablet, and in it - half-satisfied sheets that later became the famous Order No. 1 dated June 24, 1941, where it was said about the unification of the defenders of the fortress in a single consolidated detachment and about creating a single command led by Zubachev and Fomin.

One remained unclear - why the tablet with the order was found in the ruins not at the Kholm gate, where did the father fought originally? Already later, I found out with the help of the living companions of the Father, that on the night of June 24, the fascists pulled a special battery to the embankment of the southern island and hit the barracks whose defense was led by Fomin. The room was dilapidated, and in its basements - severe, women and children. That is why the Commissioner gives an order to move away. In addition, close to the right of the Brest gate, it was easier to unite and thereby enhance the defense. It is here that he holds a meeting of commanders and from here sends connected with a message on the formation of a single command.

It was after the order No. 1 was found, the world recognized the names of the heroes of the defense of the Brest Fortress. Have you seen someone from them?

I sent to Moscow to Voroshilov, then Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, and to the USSR Ministry of Defense a letter with a request to take measures to find the rosisk of the Brest Fortress survivors and carrying out the excavations of its ruins to establish a true picture of the defense defense. I did not receive an answer from Voroshilov, and from the Ministry of Defense reported that the district in which Brest is located is not able to carry out excavations in the fortress. Apparently, the officials of the military department did not really bother the fate of the heroes of the Brest Fortress. Although, most likely, for them the most important thing was that many of these warriors were forced to pass the fascist captivity, but on any information about the prisoners then lay a taboo.

Only after the death of Stalin, the writer and the historian researcher Sergey Smirnov, according to the book of which the film was filmed, was able to get to the truth. I met him in 1956, when the defenders of the Brest Fortress were held together in Moscow and celebrated the 15th anniversary of the defense. Already in Brest, I met with Petei Klype, Gavrilov, Fire, Mathevosyan. Gavrilova I saw several times, asked if he saw his father. He told me that only a few times he received the notions connected from him that it was necessary to unite forces. On the film, of course, it is difficult to understand that they were in different parts Fortress, and in fact it is. The fortress is big. Father and Zubachev were in the central part, and Gavrilov - in North.

- What do you think, what other heroes would cost to show in the film, they did not say anything?

Of course, it is impossible to show all, we just don't know many of the heroes! It is enough to walk along the Brest Fortress to see how many "graves" by unknown soldiers there. In the film War, we see the eyes of the boy - the prototype of Petit Plips - the pupil of a musical platoon, which under the fire penetrated into the most remote corners of the fortress, walked out and brought weapons, ammunition, food, wounded and children to fighters. But his friend Kolya Novikov also was also a pupil of a musical platoon. There was a Valya Zenkina, the daughter of the foreman Musvvod, who passed the bridge under fire on both sides to convey to the defenders of the fortress a message that they need to give up or they would be destroyed. There was a daughter of one of the older political officers - 12-year-old Lida Sinaev, which had given the most valuable information that helped soviet troops Prevent the explosions of many buildings and industrial enterprises of Brest, as well as railway bridge. By the way, the feat of Zubachev, it seems to me, it was also necessary to pay attention, because he was the head of the group of fighters along with his father.

- Do you know something about the families of Father's associates?

On the fate of the wife and son of Major Gavrilova, Gavrilov himself did not know anything for a long time and could not learn anything even after the end of the war. I came to Brest, made inquiries in different instances, but in vain. Assumptions were expressed by two: or died in the fortress, or were shot in Zhbbinka along with other families of commanders.

Demobilized, Gavrilov went to Kuban and eventually married again. And suddenly in Brest, when his name was named among the names of other heroes of the defense of the fortress, a local resident came to visit him and reported that his first wife was alive, but was in the house of persons with disabilities, since for several years paralyzed. Gavrilov immediately visited her and found out that the son is also alive, serves in the army. He took his wife with him to Krasnodar, where her, as a native sister, met the second wife of Gavrilov. She cared for her before her death ...