Interesting about clock. History of hours (interesting facts)

The clock is an indispensable part of human vital activity, without which it is almost impossible to present existence in modern worldEven if you do not take into account the abundant presence of all sorts of technologies. Most people know very little about hours: for someone it is just an accessory with a useful function, and for someone just a mandatory subject of everyday use.

By type and view, the clock is taken to choose from plans for their future purpose, according to brand and cost - from social status, as well as individual tastes, but when it comes to functional qualities, people almost never understand why it is worth repelled Choosing a potential purchase. Any information on such a constant thing (both historical and practical), for each person, will undoubtedly be useful.

The most ancient hours in the history of mankind were found in Egypt and were sunny.

Officially are the most expensive and high-quality in the world. In addition, the overwhelming majority of Swiss watches always have their own, elegant design, which always distinguishes them from fakes. The brand of this production is used in the Olympic Games, fixing the time and records of athletes.

The time of the most extremely atomic clocks on the planet has a micro-fine error in the work.

The CES electric watches on various ratings are recognized as high-tech in the world. Given the diversity of the aesthetic preferences of each person and the frequency of development of technology, the first place of this rating may vary, however, this brand is recognized as the best in summing up the results of 2016.

There is such a type of hours as water. The principle of their work is remotely similar to the solar clock, they were used in distant antiquity, and in the present time there were no analogues.

IN ancient China used as definition of time fire hours. Later, in Europe, something similar appeared, but with another principle: they began to use candles on which tags were applied. As the candle is combustion, the past time was determined, measured in units of these tammers.

Were named in a similar way long after the creation. Them distinctive features Usually, this is increased strength, waterproof and resistance to high loads. In modern models, the pulse, stopwatch and other functions are often embedded.

The mechanical clock has four main elements, and if you remove one of these parts, the operation of the device will be useless. Namely, they consist of: a spring or a hih that serves as a device engine, a wheel with uniform gear notes for the main work of the mechanism, a regulator that ensures uniformity of work and the distributor is the basis for starting the clock.

The principle of operation of quartz clock is directly related to the material of the same name - quartz.

In some major cities On the streets you can meet floral watchcreated both to determine time and for a pleasant impression of foreigners and local. As a rule, at such hours, the simplest mechanism located underground, they are made in large dimensions and real, living flowers, in the form of a circle, numbers and decorating parts are used as a scenery.

1. Scientists have proven that human biological watches do not correspond to generally accepted standards. The experiment looked as follows: two scientists voluntarily went to live in the equipped cave, without access to the clock and sunlight. After a couple of weeks, biological rhythm Their life was identical with the usual, which recorded documented.
2. The clock is the only accessory that is considered absolutely versatile. Wristwatches are accepted regardless of gender, age, social situation and other factors.
3. Almost every so-called fashion house produces its own clock collection with an individual design, depending on the display. Carry out the creation of such copies, as a rule, Swiss workshops and factories.
4. In the creation of women's clock models, attention is paid not to so much functional part as external aesthetic beauty.
5. The official name of the wall-mounted clocks of a simplified type, with a pendulum and usually large sizes - classes.
6. Sometimes, on the clock with Roman symbols you can meet instead of the usual and correct writing of the Four IV, the following symbol: "IIII".
7. First ads The hourly mechanism with a demonstration of the flow of time was released in the United States.
8. A minute in medieval times was designated by the concept of "moment."
9. In China, for a long time, there is still one, a single time zone acting throughout the country. Thus, regardless of external changes in nature and solar consecration transitions, the inhabitants of each city of China live in the same time.
10. Previously, in the mechanism of all hours, only one arrow was involved, moving along more precisely marked notes as smaller time units.
11. On advertising posters, photos and when video filming, the clock is mainly shown by the same time for the reason not to obscure the logo of the advertised by the arrows.

the keeper of elegant literature

Even in the era of smartphones, wristwatches do not remain on the second roles in our personal collection of accessories. Check the clock? It's time to learn more about them!

The first hours appeared from the Sumerians and the ancient Egyptians

And it was a sundial. Shadow, falling from a pole stuck in the sand or land, crossing the drawn circle - a prototype of the dial, pointed out the time of the day. For hours, humanity was used by the III Millennium BC. e.

Pocket watches have become known in the XV century

And called them "Nuremberg eggs". First, because Peter Henlein came up with them, master watchman from german city Nuremberg, tentatively in 1503, having reduced desktop clock. Secondly, because Henleina's clock had a rounded shape, like a modern canned canned banks. The mechanism was placed in a brass case, and only one arrow went on the dial, hourly. The minute shooter appeared later, in the middle of the XVI century, and the second - in the middle of the XVIII.

SL clock :; with color dial (to order)

The first wrist watches were intended for women

The dispute about who was the first to manufacture women's wristwatch, lead two respected and world famous brand: Breguet and Patek Philippe. Breguet has documents confirming that in 1810 for Carolina Murat, Napoleon's Sisters Bonaparte and the Queen of Naples, clocks were created with a silver dial on a gold bracelet, with a battle. And Patek Philippe in 1868 fulfilled the order at the watch-bracelet from the Hungarian Countess Koskovich (according to another version, Kutsevich). The complexity is that both raritets are not preserved to the present day, so it is difficult to give someone to one laurel of the first ladies' watchmaker.

And the men right up to the 1930s used pocket clock, counting the cloth on the wrist female decoration. To outpace the accessory on a chain of favorites of a strong half of humanity "helped" hostilities of the late XIX century and the first world War: On the front line to use the clock, reliably fastened on the hand, it was more convenient and safer. Such hours even began to call the trench.

The first waterproof watches were released in 1926

And created their Rolex watchmakers. The model had a water and dustproof hermetic case, thanks to which it was called Oyster, which means "oyster" in English. To convince the unique characteristics of the mechanism of all doubters, the House Rolex gave a couple of hours of English Plovcia Mercedes Glytez, and she crossed La Mans in them on October 7, 1927. After ten hours of staying in the water, the clock worked without complaints.

SL clock: with color dial; on yellow strap (to order)

Quartz watches are more accurate than mechanical

In 1657, the Dutch inventor Christian Guigens first collected pocket mechanical clock, and in 1675 patented them. The daily error of his clock did not exceed 10 seconds close to modern mechanisms. The first quartz watches, that is, the clock on the battery, and not on the spring that do not require the daily bearer were released in 1957 by the American company Hamilton.

Each type of watch has its advantages and disadvantages, but according to the accuracy parameter Quartz confidently ahead of the mechanics: accuracy (error) of the stroke of quartz hours - from 5 to 15-20 seconds per month, and mechanical - from minus 20 to plus 40 seconds per day.

"Happy time" on the dial increases sales hours

At the watches laid out on shop windows, the time is installed so that the arrangement of the arrows on the dial resembled a smile: for example, ten o'clock ten minutes. Such a "smiley" causes subconscious sympathy from buyers, which means that a positive effect on sales of watches. Marketers call this reception Happy Time, or "happy time."

SL clock: on a red strap; on a lilac strap (to order)

The first electronic clock "declared itself" in the 1970s

The first hours with four numbers of numbers on the LCD screen instead of the arrows dial made in 1971 by the Swiss company BWC. The technology turned out to be dear and imperfect, but interest in the novelty was great, and the surveys of the watchmakers continued. Already mentioned by us, Hamilton in 1972 presented the Pulsar P1 watch with an LED display and in the housing of the ... 18-carat gold. In the mass fashion, the electronic clock was included thanks to the Japanese company SEIKO, which since 1973 produces budget and practical clock models with indicators on liquid crystals, that is, with the LCD display.

The era of smart watches began in the 1980s

Modern digital clock is a mini-computer with a touch screen and a chronometer, mobile phone, navigator, organizer, camera, and other and other. "Grandparents" Apple Watch, Sony SmartWatch and other smart watches in the usual understanding issued after 2013 were SEIKO and CASIO devices in 1980-1990 and Linux Watch, created in 1998 (however, in late 2001, the project Was rolled). So, the first hours with a calculator appeared in 1975, with a TV - in 1982 (the Guinness Book noted Seiko TV Watch as the smallest TV in the world), with an external keyboard for data entry - in 1983.

Interesting and history history with embedded games. The first such model (Unitrex Monte Carlo) saw the light in 1977. It had three games: jackpot, bones, roulette - and they did not have their own visualization, but were a generator of random numbers on the display. Gaming hours with full-fledged graphics presented Casio in 1980. Models GM-10, GM-20, GM-30 and GM-40 pleased the owners the opportunity to entertain a pair of shooters and a game similar to Tetris.

Clock: SL with transparent dial; Okami from ceramics (order)

Antachas - this clock with a run

The clock go from left to right (clockwise), because it is in this direction that the shadow of the solar clock is moving. But! This fact is valid only for the northern hemisphere, in the southern shadow of the gnomon (the pole or post of sunshine) is moving on the contrary.

Up until the twentieth century, the inhabitants of both hemispheres used the clock and with the other direction of the shooter. In Europe, there is a tower watch with reverse, for example, in Prague and Munich. But in the end, the "Northern" defeated the course of the arrows today.

However, pocket, wrist and wall clocks, coming against the sun, right to left, and therefore "inverted" dial are not stopped to be issued. There were even the Soviet industry from the Soviet Industry, the legendary factories "Lightning", "Seagull", "Rocket". This unusual accessory, adding originality and style to its owner, by the way, time shows how it should be, you just need to verify it to quickly determine.

Today in the world produced more than 1 billion hours per year

The leader of the world watch market - Japan: its producers account for 60% of sales. In the premium segment, the Switzerland ball traditionally ruled: its firms are the most expensive products. The number of mechanical, quartz, electronic and digital (sensory) wrist mechanisms that turned over a billion suggests that many of us in the personal collection are not one or two pairs of hours, and much more - for all occasions.

SL clock: On a pink strap; in the housing of the aluminum alloy (to order)

Time is the most valuable resource in a person's life, as it will not be back it. Time helps us better navigate in our lives, and the main carrier of time is the clock. Here in this topic we would like to touch on some fun and interesting Facts about time and hours.

The time zone system appeared only in the 19th century, thanks to railway transport. The fact is that before that time, all the time was determined through the Sun, and due to the lack of high-speed transport in time zones there was no need. But with the advent of railway transport, this measure was simply necessary, since in the cities it became difficult to schedule.

2. A little more about time zones. It is known that every time zone varies with the previous one hour, but there are countries that can be said at the junction, so they have to live half-time. For example, time displacement in India compared to neighbors is not one hour as everyone, and half an hour. But the most strange situation is notable. The difference with Greenwiech (starting point of time zones) is 5 hours and 45 minutes. They fundamentally introduced exactly this time (with a difference of 15 minutes from Indian) to show their independence.

3. Scientist Stephen Hawking back in 2009 stated that time travel was not possible, as he organized a big party for travel travelers, and the announcement made it only the next day.

4. China is located in 4 time zones, but the government of this country issued a decree on which in all China operates the same time, i.e. The same as in Beijing.

5. The name of the domestic company 1C translates as "1 second". These authors wanted to say that only 1 second is required to perform any operation in the program.

6. Now the word "moment" means something instant, although initially it is the Staroangalian time measure and was 1.5 minutes.

7. Previously, the word "Week" was called Sunday - a day when they do nothing. But later, they began to summarize seven days. Despite this, in some languages \u200b\u200b(for example in Ukrainian), this name has not changed.

8. All hours go from left to right (clockwise). So it became established due to the fact that exactly the same trajectory there is a shadow at sunny hours.

9. The countdown after Christmas, Christ appeared immediately after his birth, but only in 525.

10. The most accurate clock is atomic. Their maximum error is not more than 1 second for millions of years. The clock was invented in National Institute standards and technologies. They calculate the time using the vibrations of cesium atoms.

11. For some reason, at all hours, where Roman numbers are indicated on the dial, 4 hours are indicated as IIII, and not IV.

12. We all know such units of time as a year, century, month, week, day, hour, minute, second. But besides these standard units there are several more, which are rarely used in everyday life:

- Gigaging - 1 billion years

- Megogenous - 1 million years (megogenous and gigodes are applied only in cosmology and geology)

- Indicact - 15 years

- Decade - 10 days

- Terration - 1/60 seconds (not a generally accepted unit of measurement and is already obsolete)

- Ioctecund - 10 ^ -24 seconds

13. Due to the fact that China has introduced a single time for the whole country (despite 4 time zones), when crossing the Afghan-Chinese clock, it is necessary to translate already for 3.5 hours!

14. The first alarm clock was invented by Levi Khatchens in 1787 and everyone he called at the same time - 4 o'clock in the morning. Actually he was invented to wake at 4 am.

15. Only in the US there is a 12-hour gradation of time, i.e. There are time to noon (AM) and afternoon time (PM). In other countries, they refused and use 24-hour gradation, in order not to confusion.

16. Scientists have proven that in an emergency, due to the development of adrenaline, the human brain is able to slow down a little time so that it is better to navigate in this situation.

The very first hours on the ground are sunny. They were brilliantly simple: pole stuck in the ground. A time scale is drawn around it. Shadow from the pole, moving along it, showed, which is now an hour. Later, such watches were made of wood or stone and installed on the walls of public buildings. Then there were portable sundials that were made from valuable wood, ivory or bronze.

There were even hours that can be called pocket

they were found when excavations ancient City. These solar oats made from silver plated copper have a shape of a ham, on which the lines are stuck. Spire - an arrow of the clock - served a pork tail. The clock was small. They could well be placed in his pocket. But the pockets of the inhabitants of the ancient city have not yet invented. So we wore such clocks on the lace, chain or attached to the cane from expensive wood.

Sunclock had one significant disadvantage: they could "walk" only on the street, and then on the sides lit by the sun. This, of course, was extremely uncomfortable. Apparently, therefore invented water clock. On droplets, water flowed from one vessel to another, and by how much water flowed, they determined how much time passed. Many hundreds of years such hours - they were called klepsides - served people. In China, for example, they used 4.5 thousand years ago. By the way, the first alarm clock on Earth was also a water and alarm clock, and a school ringing at the same time. His inventor is considered an ancient Greek philosopher Plato, who lived in 400 years before our era. This device invented by Plato to convene its students to classes consisted of two vessels. The water was poured into the top, where she moved to the lower one., Owing out from there. The air along the tube rushed to the flute, and she began to sound. Ince the alarm clock was regulated depending on the time of year. Klepsidra were very common in the ancient world.

In addition to water clocks, hournd and firing hours were known (most often alarm clocks). In the east, the latter were sticks or cords made from slowly burning composition.

And at the end of the XVI century a new discovery was made. The young scientist Galileo Galileo, watching the movement of a variety of lamps in the Pisa Cathedral during worship, found that neither the weight nor the form of the lampada, but only the length of the chains on which they are suspended, determines the periods of their vibrations from the wind, breaking into the windows. He owns the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a clock with a pendulum

Many inventors tried to improve the clock and in late XIX. century they became a thing ordinary and necessary.