Andrei Game Nobel Prize. Andrei Game, modern scientist physicist: biography, scientific achievements, rewards and premiums

Sir Andrei Konstantinovich Game is a valid member of the Royal Society, an employee and a British-Dutch physicist, born in Russia. Together with Konstantin Novoselov in 2010, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics for his work on graphene. This time is a regius professor and director of the Mesonauku Center and Nanotechnology of the University of Manchester.

Andrei Game: Biography

Born 21.10.58 in the family of Konstantin Alekseevich Game and Nina Nikolaevna Bayer. His parents were Soviet engineers of German origin. According to Game, his grandmother his mother was a Jewish, and he suffered from anti-Semitism, because his surname sounds in Jewish. Game has Brother Vladislav. In 1965, his family moved to Nalchik, where he studied at school specializing in english language. Having graduated with honors, he tried twice to enter the MEPI, but was not accepted. Then he filed documents in MFTI, and for this once he managed to do. According to him, the students studied very tensely - the pressure was so strong that they often had people broke and left their studies, and some ended with depression, schizophrenia and suicide.

Academic career

Andrei Game received a diploma in 1982, and in 1987 he became a candidate of science in the field of metals of the Institute of Physics of the Solid State Russian Academy of Sciences in Chernogolovka. According to the scientist, at that time he did not want to deal with this direction, preferring the physics of elementary particles or astrophysics, but today he is pleased with his choice.

Game worked as a researcher at the Institute of Microelectronics Technologies in the Russian Academy of Sciences, and since 1990 - from Universities Nottingham (twice), Bata and Copenhagen. According to him, he could have studied abroad, and not deal with politics, therefore decided to leave the USSR.

Work in the Netherlands

Andrei Game took her first pupult position in 1994, when he became an associate professor at Nymegen University, where he was engaged in mesoscopic superconductivity. Later he received Dutch citizenship. One of his graduate students was Konstantin Novoselov, who became his main scientific partner. Nevertheless, according to Game, his academic career in the Netherlands was far from cloudless. He was offered a professorship in Nymegen and Eindhoven, but he refused, because I found a Dutch academic system of too hierarchical and fulfilled small politicks, it is absolutely not similar to the British, where every employee is equal. In his Nobel lecture, Game later said that such a situation was a bit surreal, because outside the university walls he was warmly met everywhere, including him scientific director And other scientists.

Moving to United Kingdom

In 2001, Game became a professor of physicists at the University of Manchester, and in 2002 he was appointed director of the Mesonauki and Nanotechnology Center and Professor Langorti. Wife and long-standing co-author Irina Grigorieva also moved to Manchester as a teacher. Later, Konstantin Novoselov joined them. Since 2007, Game has become a senior researcher of the Council for Engineering and Physical scientific research. In 2010, Nymegen University appointed him by a professor of innovative materials and nanoscience.

Research

Game managed to find a simple way to isolate one layer of graphite atoms, known as graphene, in collaboration with scientists from the University of Manchester and IMT. In October 2004, the Group published the results of work in the SCIENCE journal.

Grafen consists of a carbon layer whose atoms located in the form of two-dimensional hexagons. This is the thinnest material in the world, as well as one of the most durable and solid. The substance has many potential applications, and it is an excellent alternative to silicon. According to Game, one of the first applications of graphene can be the development of flexible sensory screens. He did not patented new MaterialBecause for this it would require a certain scope and partner in industry.

The physicist was engaged in the development of biomimetic adhesive, which became known as a gecko tape due to the stickiness of the limbs of Geckon. These studies are still on early stagesBut already give hope that in the future people will be able to climb the ceilings like a spiderman.

In 1997, Game studied the effect of magnetism on water, which led to famous discovery Direct diamagnetic levitation of water, which was widely known due to the demonstration of the levishing frog. He also worked on superconductivity and engaged in mesoscopic physics.

Regarding the choice of the subjects of his research, Game said that he despises an approach when many choose the subject for their candidate thesis, and then continue the same topic before retirement. Before he received the first pupillable position, he changed his topic five times, and it helped him to learn a lot.

History of opening graphene

In one of autumn nights 2002 Andrei Game reflected on carbon. He specialized in microscopically thin materials and wondered how the subtlest layers of the substance could behave in certain experimental conditions. Graphite consisting of single-varietary films was an obvious candidate for research, but standard methods for the release of ultra-thin samples would overheat and destroyed it. Therefore, Game instructed one of the new graduate students yes Jiang to try to get so thin sample, as far as it is possible, at least several hundreds of layers of atoms, polishing the crystal of graphite in size in one inch. A few weeks later, Jiang brought carbon grains in Petri Cup. After studying it under the microscope, Game asked him to try again. Jiang said that this is all that remained from the crystal. At the time when the game was joking him in the fact that graduate student erased the mountain to get the sand, one of his senior comrades saw in the garbage basket of a closure of used scotch, the sticky side of which was covered with a gray, slightly brilliant film of graphite residues.

In laboratories around the world, researchers use a tape to test the adhesive properties of experimental samples. The carbon layers constituting graphite are poorly connected (from 1564. The material is used in pencils, as it leaves the visible trace on paper), so that the tape is easily separated by scales. The Game placed a piece of adhesive tape under the microscope and found that the thickness of the graphite was less than that he had been seen. Folding, squeezing and disconnecting tape, he managed to achieve even thin layers.

The game managed for the first time to isolate a two-dimensional material: a single-native carbon layer, which under the atomic microscope has a form of a flat grid of hexagons resembling bee honeycombs. Theoretical physicists called such a substance with graphene, but they did not assume that it can be obtained at room temperature. It seemed to them, the material camshed on microscopic balls. Instead, Geim saw that graphene remains in the same plane, which is covered with ripples as the substance stabilizes.

Grafen: Wonderful properties

Andrei Gami resorted to the help of graduate student Konstantin Novoselov, and they began to study a new substance at fourteen hours a day. In the next two years, they conducted a series of experiments, during which the striking properties of the material were discovered. Because of its unique structure, electrons, without experiencing the influence of other layers, can move around the grille freely and unusually quickly. The conductivity of graphene is thousands of times more copper. The first revelation for the game was the observation of a pronounced "field effect" manifested in the presence of an electric field that allows controlling conductivity. This effect is one of the determining characteristics of silicon used in computer chips. This suggests that graphene can become his replacement that manufacturers of computers were looking for for many years.

Path to recognition

Game and Konstantin Novoselov wrote a three-page work with the description of their discoveries. She denied Nature twice, one reviewed of which stated that the insulation of a stable two-dimensional material was impossible, and the other did not see "sufficient scientific progress" in it. But in October 2004, an article entitled "The effect of an electric field in carbon films of atomic thickness" was published in the journal Science, making a big impression on scientists - they have a reality in their eyes.

Avalanche discoveries

The laboratories of all over the world began research using geima tape adhesive tape, and scientists revealed other properties of graphene. Although it was the thinnest material in the universe, it was 150 times stronger than steel. The graphene turned out to be militant, like rubber, and could stretch to 120% of its length. Thanks to the research of Philip Kim, and then scientists from Columbia University found that this material is even more electrically conducted than was previously established. Kim placed graphene into a vacuum, where no other material could slow down the movements of its subatomic particles, and showed that he possesses the "mobility" - the speed with which the electric charge passes through the semiconductor - 250 times more than that of silicon.

Race technology

In 2010, six years after the discovery, which was made by Andrei Game and Konstantin Novoselov, the Nobel Prize was still presented. Then the media called graphene "wonderful material", a substance that "can change the world". Academic researchers in the field of physics, electrical engineering, medicine, chemistry, etc. were turned to him. Patents were issued to use graphene in batteries, water desalination systems, improved solar panels, ultrafast microcomputers.

Scientists in China created the lightest material in the world - graphen-aerogel. It is 7 times lighter than air - one cubic meter of substance weighs only 160 g. The graphene-aerogel is created by drying the freezing of the gel containing graphene and nanotubes.

At the University of Manchester, where the game and Novoselov work, the British government has invested $ 60 million to create on its basis National Institute Grafena, who would allow the country to be on a par with the best world patent holders - Korea, China and the United States, which began the race for creating the world in the world of revolutionary products based on a new material.

Honorary titles and awards

An experiment with magnetic levitation of a live frog brought not exactly the result that Michael Berry and Andrei Game was expected. Sh nobel Prize was awarded to them in 2000

In 2006, Game received an award of Scientific American 50 magazine.

In 2007, the Institute of Physics awarded him a premium and Motta Medal. At the same time, Game was elected by a member of the Royal Society.

The Game and Novoselov were divided into Europhysics Award 2008 "For detecting and isolation of a single-cattle carbon layer and determining its wonderful electronic properties." In 2009, he received the Kerber award.

Another Award of Andrei Game, named after John, which he was awarded the US National Sciences Academy in 2010, was given "for its experimental implementation and study of graphene, two-dimensional carbon form."

Also in 2010, he received one of the six honorary professors of the royal society and Hughes Medal "For the revolutionary opening of graphene and identifying his wonderful properties." Game was awarded the honorary doctoral degrees of Delft technical University, Higher Technical School Zurich, Universities Antwerp and Manchester.

In 2010, he became a cavalier of the Order of the Netherlands Lion for his contribution to Dutch science. In 2012, the merit in front of the science of Game was produced in knights-bachelor. He was elected by a foreign corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the United States in May 2012

Nobel laureate

Geima and Novoselov for innovative studies of graphene was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics 2010. Having heard about the award, Game stated that he did not expect to get it this year and is not going to change his immediate plans for this. The modern physicist scientist expressed the hope that graphenes and other two-dimensional crystals will change daily life humanity just as plastic did. The award made it the first person who became the Nobel and Schnobel Prize laureate at the same time. The lecture took place on December 8, 2010 at the University of Stockholm.

1958

FROM 1965 by 1975

IN 1976 1982 1987

IN 1990

IN 1992 1993 by 1994

IN 1994 2000 1998 by 2000

IN 2000 1997 2001

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Andrei Konstantinovich Game was born on October 21 1958 years in Sochi. His parents, Konstantin Alekseevich Game and Nina Nikolaevna Bayer were engineers, by nationality - the Volga Germans.

FROM 1965 by 1975 The year of the game lived and studied at school number 3 in Nalchik, which he graduated with a gold medal. After graduation, he tried to enter the Moscow Engineering and Physics Institute (MEPI), but it was refused to be taken there due to nationality. Therefore, he worked as a mechanic on the Nalchik Electrovacuum Plant, whose head of his father was the chief engineer.

IN 1976 The year of the game again received a refusal to MEPI and entered the Moscow Physics and Technology Institute (MIPT), where he defended in 1982 year diploma. After that, Game began to work aspirant at the Institute of Solid State Physics of the USSR Academy of Sciences (IFTT), where 1987 The year defended his thesis (afterwards in the questionnaire, this scientific title mentioned as ph.d.), after which she worked as a researcher at the Institute of Microelectronics Problems and Specialist Materials in the Chernogolovka, created on the basis of IFTT. In Black Him, Game was engaged in metal physics, which he, in his own words, was quickly tired.

IN 1990 The Game went to the UK for an internship at the University of Nottingham (University of Nottingham) and no longer worked in the USSR.

IN 1992 year he was engaged in science at the University of Bat (University of Bath), with 1993 by 1994 The year worked at Copenhagen University (University of Copenhagen).

IN 1994 Game became a researcher, and with 2000 of the year - Professor at Nijmegen University (University of Nijmegen) in the Netherlands. He received the citizenship of this country, refusing Russian and fixing the name on Andre Geim. In parallel, S. 1998 by 2000 The year of Game was a special professor of the University of Nottingham.

IN 2000 The year of the game with Michael Berry (Michael Berry) received Schnobel (Antinobelskaya) an article for an article 1997 The year, which described an experiment in the field of diamagnetic levitation - co-authors achieved levitation of the frog with a superconducting magnet. Also, the press noted that the game managed to create a sticky ribbon acting on adhesion mechanisms in Geccon, and in 2001 The year in the co-authors of one article included a hamster "Tish" (H.A.m.s. Ter Tisha).

IN 2000 The Game with his wife received an invitation to the University of Manchester and went away from the Netherlands a year later, leaving a negative feedback on the local scientific environment. He became a professor at the physicists of the University of Manchester and held this post to 2007 of the year.

IN 2002 The year he headed the physics department of the condensed state, as well as the Center for Mesoscopic Physics and Nanotechnology (Center for Mesoscience & Nanotechnology) of this university.

FROM 2007 He took the position of Langworthy Professor of Physics to Langworthy Professor of Physics (Langworthy Professor of Physics).

IN 2004 The Game, together with his student, opened a graphene - a two-dimensional layer of graphite with a thickness of one atom, which has good thermal conductivity, a large mechanical stiffness and other useful properties.

IN 2007 year for this opening Game was awarded award Mott Prize) international Institute Physics (Institute of Physics), and in 2009 The year became a professor of the Royal Society of Great Britain for the Development of Natural Science (Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge).

IN 2010 The Game was awarded John John Award Awards of the National Academy of the United States (US National Academy of Sciences) and Hughes Medal's Hughes Medals of the Royal Society of Great Britain.

IN 2006 SCIENTFIC AMERICAN has included the game in the list of the 50 most influential scientists of the world, and B. 2008 The year "Russian Newsweek" called Games one of the ten most talented Russian emigrant scientists.

In October 2010 The year of the game and were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics "for fundamental experiments with a two-dimensional graphene material."

After the news of the award, the Nobel Prize from Russia from Russia was invited to work Russian to the Innovation Center "Skolkovo", but the game in an interview said that he was not going to return to his homeland: "To remain in Russia, it was not going to remain in Russia that life to spend on fighting Windmills, and work for me - a hobby, and spend your life on the mouse absolutely I did not want to spend. " At the same time, he called himself in an interview with the European and 20 percent Kabardinobalkar. " Despite the reluctance to return to Russia, he noted the high quality of fundamental education in the MIPT: 2006 The year, Game told that the lobes of the brain, which he lost because of alcohol marks after exams at the institute, were replaced by shares taken by the information received at the Institute, which he never came in handy. He also collaborated with the Institute for the Physics of the Solid Wounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Chernogolovka, where the possibility of creating a graphene transistor was investigated.

In the press, they noted that the game is not an ordinary scientist, and in its essence closer to the inventor: he often takes the first idea as the first thing and is trying to develop it, and sometimes, sometimes it comes out something interesting.

Game is married. His spouse, Irina Grigorieva, Russian, she is a candidate of science, also with 2000 The year worked in Manchester University. They have a daughter, a citizen of the Netherlands. IN free time Game is fond of mountaineering.

Sir Andrei Konstantinovich Game (born October 21, 1958, Sochi) - Soviet, Netherlands and British physicist, laureate of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2010 (together with Konstantin Novoselov), a member of the London Royal Society (from 2007), famous first of all as one From the developers of the first method of obtaining graphene. On December 31, 2011, Decree of the Queen Elizabeth, the second for merit before science was awarded the title of knight-bachelor with official law to be addressed to his named "Sir".

Born in 1958 in Sochi, in the family of engineers of German origin (the only known Game exception among his German ancestors was a great-grandfabbank from the motherboard, which was a Jewish). Game considers himself a European and believes that it does not need more detailed "taxonomy." In 1964, the family moved to Nalchik.

Do you have people that - crazy at all? Believe that if they squeeze the bag of gold, then you can invite everyone?

Gaym Andrey Konstantinovich

In 1975, Andrei Game graduated with a gold medal high School No. 3 of the city of Nalchik and tried to enter the MEPI, but unsuccessfully (the obstacle was the German origin of the applicant). Having worked for 8 months at the Nalchik Electrovacuum Plant, in 1976 he entered the Moscow Physics and Technology Institute.

Until 1982, he studied at the Faculty of General and Applied Physics, graduated with honors ("four" in a diploma only on the political economy of socialism) and entered the graduate school. In 1987 he received the degree of a candidate of physical and mathematical sciences at the Institute of Physics solid body Wounds He worked as a researcher in the IFTT of the USSR Academy of Sciences and at the Institute of Problems of Microelectronics Technology and the USSR Academy of Sciences.

In 1990, he received a scholarship of the Russian royal society and left Soviet Union. He worked at the University of Nottingham, University of Bata (English) Russian., And not long at the University of Copenhagen, before the Association of Nimegen University, and since 2001, the University of Manchester. Currently, the head of the Manchester Center for Mesonauk and Nanotechnology, as well as the head of the physics department of the condensed state.

Honorary Dr. Delft Technical University, Swiss Higher Technical School Zurich and Antwerp University. He has the title "Professor Langorthy" University of Manchester (English. Langworthy Professor, among the honored of this title were Ernest Rutherford, Lawrence Bragg and Patrick Barketet).

Father, Konstantin Alekseevich Game (1910-1998), since 1964 he worked as the main engineer of the Nalchik Electrovacuum Plant; Mother, Nina Nikolaevna Bayer (born 1927), worked as the main technologist there. Mother's once-brother - famous physicist-theorist Vladimir Nikolaevich Bayer, son Nikolai Nikolayevich Bayer, grandfather Andrei Game.

In 1975, Andrei Game graduated from the Gold Medal of High School No. 3 of the city of Nalchik and tried to enter the MEPI, but unsuccessfully (an obstacle was the German origin of the applicant). Returning to Nalchik, worked for 8 months on Nalchik Electrovacuum factory. At that time I met V. G. Petrosyan and was engaged in enhanced training in physics. In 1976 he entered the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.

Until 1982, he studied at the Faculty of General and Applied Physics, graduated with honors ("four" in a diploma only on the political economy of socialism) and entered the graduate school. In 1987 he received a degree of a candidate of physico-mathematical sciences at the Institute of Physics of the Rough Body of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He worked as a researcher in the IFTT of the USSR Academy of Sciences and at the Institute of Problems of Microelectronics Technology and the USSR Academy of Sciences.

In 1990, he received a scholarship of the English royal society and left the Soviet Union. He worked at the University of Nottingham, University of Bata (English) Russian., And not long at the University of Copenhagen, before the Association of Nimegen University, and since 2001, the University of Manchester. Currently, the head of the Manchester Center for Mesonauk and Nanotechnology, as well as the head of the physics department of the condensed state.

In 2008, he received an offer to head one of Max Planck Institutes in Germany, but answered with refusal.

On December 31, 2011, Decree of the Queen Elizabeth, the second for merit before science was awarded the title of knight-bachelor with official law to be addressed to his named "Sir".

Scientific achievements

Among the achievements of the game, it is possible to note the creation of biomimetic adhesive (glue), which later became famous as Gecko Tape.

An experiment with diamagnetic levitation is also widely known, including the famous "flying frog", for which Game, together with the famous mathematician and theorist Sir Michael Berry from Bristol University received the Schnobe Prize in 2000.

In 2004, Andrei Game, together with his student, Konstantin Novoselov invented the technology of obtaining graphene - a new material, which is a single-cattle carbon layer. As it turned out in the course of further experiments, graphene has a number of unique properties: it has increased strength, he carries electricity as well as copper, surpasses all the well-known thermal conductivity materials, is transparent to light, but quite dense enough, so as not to miss even helium molecules - the smallest of the existing molecules. All this makes it promising material for a number of applications, in particular creating touch screens, light panels and, possibly, solar panels.

Some publications

Andre K. Geim. Nobel Lecture: Random Walk to Grapane (English) // Rev. Mod. Phys .. - 2011. - Vol. 83. - P. 851-862. - DOI: 10.1103 / REVMODPHYS.83.851.

Russian translation: A. K. Game. Random wandering: unpredictable path to graphene // UFN. - 2011. - T. 181. - P. 1284-1298.

Andrei Game at the award ceremony of the Nobel Prize in Physics. Stockholm, 2010

Born in 1958 in Sochi, in the family of engineers of German origin with Jewish roots on the mother's line. In 1964, the family moved to Nalchik.

In 1975, Andrei Game graduated from the Gold Medal of High School No. 3 of the city of Nalchik and tried to enter the MEPI, but unsuccessfully (an obstacle was the German origin of the applicant). Having worked for 8 months at the Nalchik Electrovacuum Plant, in 1976 he entered the Moscow Physics and Technology Institute.

Until 1982, he studied at the Faculty of General and Applied Physics, graduated with honors ("four" in a diploma only on the political economy of socialism) and entered the graduate school. In 1987 he received a degree of a candidate of physico-mathematical sciences at the Institute of Physics of the Rough Body of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He worked as a researcher in the IFTT of the USSR Academy of Sciences and at the Institute of Problems of Microelectronics Technology and the USSR Academy of Sciences.

In 1990, he received a scholarship of the English royal society and left the Soviet Union. He worked at the University of Nottingham, as well as for a short time at the University of Copenhagen, before he became an associate professor, and since 2001, Manchester University. Currently, the head of the Manchester Center for Mesonauk and Nanotechnology, as well as the head of the physics department of the condensed state.

Honorary Dr. Delft Technical University, Swiss Higher Technical School Zurich and Antwerp University. He has the title of "Professor Langorthy" Manchester University (Langworthy Professor, among the honored of this title were Ernest Rutherford, Lawrence Bragg and Patrick Barkett).

In 2008, he received an offer to head the Institute of Max Planck in Germany, but answered with refusal.

Sitna Kingdom of the Netherlands. Spouse - Irina Grigorieva (Graduate of the Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys), worked, like the game, in the IFTT of the USSR Academy of Sciences, is currently working together with her husband in the Laboratory of the University of Manchester.

After awarding the Game of the Nobel Prize, it was announced the intention to invite him to work in Skolkovo. Game stated: At the same time, Game said that he had no Russian citizenship and feels comfortable in the UK, expressing a skeptical attitude towards the project of the Russian government to create an analogue of a silicon valley in the country.

Among the achievements of the game, it is possible to note the creation of biomimetic adhesive (glue), which later became famous as Gecko Tape.

The experiment with, including the famous "flying frog", for which Game, together with a famous mathematician and theoretics, Sir Michael Berry, received a Schnobel Prize in 2000 was also widely known.

In 2004, Andrei Game, together with his student, Konstantin Novoselov invented the technology of obtaining graphene - a new material, which is a single-cattle carbon layer. As it turned out in the course of further experiments, graphene has a number of unique properties: it has high strength, electricity is also doing well as copper, surpasses all the well-known thermal conductivity materials, is transparent to light, but it is sufficiently carnage, so as not to miss even helium molecules - The smallest of the famous molecules. All this makes it a promising material for a number of applications, such as creating touch screens, light panels and, possibly, solar panels.

For this discovery (United Kingdom) in 2007 awarded Game. He also received the prestigious Europhysics Prize (together with Constantine Novoselov). In 2010, the invention of graphene was also noted by the Nobel Prize in Physics, which Game also divided with Novoselov.

Andrei Game is fond of mountain tourism. His first "five thousandth" became Elbrus, and his beloved Mountain - Kilimanjaro
Scientist is distinguished by a peculiar humor. One of the confirmations of this is an article about the diamagnetic levitation, in which his favorite hamster ("Hamster") quiet was indicated by the Game co-author. The game itself declared about this that the contribution of hamster to the experiment with levitation was more direct. Subsequently, this work was used to receive a doctoral of philosophy.