Writing connection examples. Writing connection

Submissive relationship

Subordination, or subordinate relationship- the relation of syntactic inequality between words in a phrase and a sentence, as well as between the predicative parts of a complex sentence.

In this connection, one of the components (words or sentences) acts as main, the other is like dependent.

The linguistic concept of "submission" is preceded by an older concept - "hypotaxis".

Features of the subordinate relationship

To distinguish between the compositional and subordinate connections, A. M. Peshkovsky proposed a criterion of reversibility. Submission is characterized by irreversible relations between parts of communication: one part cannot be replaced by another without prejudice to the overall content. However, this criterion is not considered to be decisive.

The essential difference between the subordinate connection (according to S.O. Kartsevsky) is that it functionally close to the dialogical unity of the informative (question-and-answer) type, firstly, and mainly has pronominal means of expression, Secondly .

Submission in a phrase and a simple sentence

Types of subordinate relationships in a phrase and a sentence:

• reconciliation
• adjoining

Submission in a complex sentence

Submissive relationship between simple sentences as part of a complex sentence, it is made using subordinate conjunctions or union (relative) words. A complex sentence with such a connection is called a complex sentence. The independent part is called the main part, and dependent - subordinate clause.

Types of subordinate relationships in a complex sentence:

• union subordination
  - submission of proposals using unions.
  I do not want the light to know my mysterious tale(Lermontov).
• relative subordination
  - the subordination of sentences using union (relative) words.
  The moment came when I understood the full value of these words(Goncharov).
• indirectly interrogative submission(interrogative-relative, relative-interrogative)
  - subordination with the help of interrogative-relative pronouns and adverbs connecting the subordinate part with the main part, in which the member of the sentence explained by the subordinate part is expressed by a verb or a noun with the meaning of expression, perception, mental activity, feeling, internal state.
  At first I could not understand what exactly em was(Korolenko).
• sequential subordination (inclusion)
  - subordination, in which the first subordinate clause refers to the main part, the second subordinate clause - to the first subordinate clause, the third subordinate clause - to the second clause, etc.
  I hope that this book is quite clear about the fact that I did not hesitate to write the truth when I wanted to.(Bitter).
• mutual subordination
  - mutual dependence of the predicative parts of a complex sentence, in which the main and subordinate clauses are not distinguished; relations between parts are expressed by lexico-syntactic means.
  Before Chichikov had time to look around, he was already seized by the arm of the governor(Gogol).
• parallel subordination (subordination)

Notes (edit)

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See what "Subordinate link" is in other dictionaries:

The connection between two syntactically unequal words in a phrase and a sentence, one of them acts as the main one, the other as a dependent one. New tutorial, implementation of the plan, answer correctly. see coordination, control, adjacency; V… …

Subordination, or subordinate relationship, the relation of syntactic inequality between words in a phrase and a sentence, as well as between the predicative parts of a complex sentence. In this connection, one of the components (words or sentences) ... ... Wikipedia

A connection used to express the relationship between the elements of a phrase and a sentence. Subordination see subordination. Competent connection see composition ... Dictionary linguistic terms

A word connection used to express the interdependence of the elements of a phrase and a sentence. Submissive relationship. Writing liaison ... Dictionary of linguistic terms- Subordination, or subordinate relationship, the relation of syntactic inequality between words in a phrase and a sentence, as well as between the predicative parts of a complex sentence. In this connection, one of the components (words or sentences) ... ... Wikipedia

- (SPP) is a type of complex sentence, which is characterized by division into two main parts: the main and the subordinate clause. The subordinate connection in such a sentence is due to the dependence of one part on another, that is, the main part assumes ... ... Wikipedia

§ 239. CATEGORIES OF SPELLING- (grammatical, syntactic, lexical, stylistic) Conjugation is called: a class of verbs that change equally in persons, tenses, moods, numbers and in the past tense and subjunctive mood by birth. Depending on the… … Russian spelling rules

A sentence is a syntactic unit characterized by semantic and grammatical completeness. One of its main features is the presence of predicative parts. By the number of grammatical bases, all sentences are classified as simple or complex. Both those and others perform their main function in speech - communicative.

Types of complex sentences in Russian

As part of a complex, two or more simple sentences are distinguished, connected with each other using unions or only intonation. At the same time, its predicative parts retain their structure, but lose their semantic and intonational completeness. Methods and means of communication determine the types of complex sentences. The table with examples allows you to identify the main differences between them.

Compound sentences

Their predicative parts are independent in relation to each other and are equal in meaning. They can be easily divided into simple ones and rearranged in places. The means of communication are creative unions, which are divided into three groups. On their basis, the following types of complex sentences with a compositional connection are distinguished.

1. With connecting unions: AND, ALSO, YES (= AND), ALSO, NO ... NO, NOT ONLY ... BUT AND, HOW ... SO AND, YES I. In this case, parts of the compound unions will be located in different simple sentences.

The whole city was already asleep, I too went home. Soon Anton Not only read all the books in the home library, but also turned to his comrades.

A feature of complex sentences is that the events described in different predicative parts can occur simultaneously ( AND thunder roared, and the sun was breaking through the clouds), sequentially ( The train rumbled and a dump truck rushed after him) or one follows from the other ( It's already completely dark and it was necessary to disperse).

1. With adversary unions: BUT, A, HOWEVER, YES (= BUT), BUT, SAME. These types of complex sentences are characterized by the establishment of opposing relations ( Grandfather, it seems, understood everything, but Gregory had to convince him of the need for a trip for a long time.) or matching ( Some were fussing in the kitchen a others set to work cleaning the garden) between its parts.
2. WITH dividing unions: EITHER, OR, NOT THAT ... NOT THAT, THAT ... THAT, THAT… THAT. The first two alliances can be single or repetitive. It was time to get to work, or he was about to be fired. Possible relationships between parts: mutual exclusion ( Either Pal Palych really had a headache, whether he just got bored), alternation ( All day her then covered the blues, then suddenly an inexplicable fit of fun came).

Considering the types of complex sentences with a compositional connection, it should be noted that the connecting conjunctions ALSO, ALSO and the adversary SAME are always located after the first word of the second part.

The main types of complex sentences with a subordinate link

The presence of the main and dependent (subordinate) part is their main quality. The means of communication are subordinate conjunctions or union words: adverbs and relative pronouns... The main difficulty in distinguishing them is that some of them are homonymous. In such cases, a hint will help: a union word, unlike a union, is always a member of a sentence. Here are examples of such homoforms. I knew for sure what(union word, you can ask a question) I look for. Tanya completely forgot what(union) the meeting was scheduled for the morning.

Another feature of the SPP is the location of its predicative parts. The place of the accessory is not clearly defined. It can be in front of, after or in the middle of the main part.

Types of clauses in SPP

Traditionally, it is customary to correlate the dependent parts with the members of the proposal. Based on this, there are three main groups into which such complex sentences are divided. Examples are presented in the table.

NGN with multiple clauses

Sometimes a complex sentence can contain two or more dependent parts that relate to each other in different ways.

Depending on this, they distinguish following ways connections of simple to complex sentences (examples help to build a diagram of the described structures).

1. With consistent submission. The next subordinate part depends directly on the previous one. It seemed to me, what this day will never end because the problems became more and more.
2. With parallel homogeneous subordination. Both (all) subordinate clauses depend on one word (the whole part) and refer to the same kind. This design resembles a sentence with homogeneous members. Between subordinate clauses there may be creative conjunctions. It soon became clear what it was all just a bluff and what no serious decisions were made.
3. With parallel non-uniform subordination. Dependents are of different types and belong to different words(the whole part). Garden, which the sown in May, already yielding the first harvest, because life was getting easier.

Unionless compound sentence

The main difference is that the parts are connected only in meaning and intonation. Therefore, the emerging relations between them come to the fore. They influence the formulation of punctuation marks: comma, dash, colon, semicolon.

Types of non-union complex sentences

1. The parts are equal, the order of their arrangement is free. There were tall trees to the left of the road , a shallow ravine stretched to the right.
2. The parts are unequal, the second:

• reveals the content of the 1st ( These sounds caused anxiety: (= namely) in the corner, someone rustled insistently);
• complements the 1st ( I peered into the distance: a figure appeared there);
• indicates the reason ( Sveta laughed: (= since) the neighbor's face was smeared with mud).

3. There are contrasting relationships between the parts. This is manifested in the fact that:

• the first indicates a time or condition ( I'm five minutes late - there is no one else);
• into the second unexpected result ( Fedor just accelerated - the opponent immediately left behind); opposition ( The pain becomes unbearable - you be patient); comparison ( Will look sullenly - Elena will immediately burn with fire).

JV with different types of communication

Often there are constructions that have three or more predicative parts. Accordingly, between them there can be compositional and subordinate conjunctions, allied words, or only punctuation marks (intonation and semantic relations). These are complex sentences (examples are widely presented in fiction) with different kinds communication. Mikhail has long wanted to change his life, but he was constantly stopped by something; as a result, the routine was drawing him more and more every day.

The scheme will help to summarize information on the topic "Types of complex sentences":

Description of the presentation for individual slides:

1 slide

Slide Description:

2 slide

Slide Description:

AT 7. In the sentences below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers denoting commas between parts of a complex sentence connected by a subordinate (compositional) connection. Algorithm of action: Find all the grammatical foundations; Reveal the boundaries of simple sentences as part of a complex one; Determine the means of communication between simple sentences and their semantic relationships.

3 slide

Slide Description:

If there are no unions between simple sentences, but there is only a punctuation mark, the connection is non-union; If there is a compositional union between simple sentences, then check if it connects homogeneous members suggestions. If the union connects simple sentences, then the connection is creative. If there is a subordinate union between simple sentences, then the connection is subordinate.

4 slide

Slide Description:

Attention! Trap! See if the sentence starts with a subordinate union. If so, then the connection will be subordinate, despite the fact that there is no union between simple sentences: Although the weather quickly deteriorated, we still decided to start out. If you are careful, you will not make mistakes.

5 slide

Slide Description:

Attention! Trap! In complex sentences, there is a union: All animals of the desert need moisture, while antelopes have enough of what they get with food. Explanatory clauses can be joined with the help of the union whether: I was asked if I understood everything.

6 slide

Slide Description:

B7 In the sentences below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers denoting the commas between the parts of a complex sentence that are connected subordination... The first such walk was in October. Six people went: Ilya was in a hurry to go home, (1) Sleigh was not at school that day, (2) so our company was represented by one Mishka, (3) who then almost literally told the guys all the amazing stories, (4) he heard from the teacher on the way from school to Krivokolenny lane. 2,3

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Slide Description:

B7 In the following sentences from the text, all commas are numbered. Write down the number denoting the comma between the parts of a complex sentence connected by a compositional connection Much has changed over two and a half thousand years: now they rarely read poetry with musical accompaniment, (1) but new genres have appeared, (2) in which words and music are inseparable ... Well, (3) give examples ... 1

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Slide Description:

B7 In the sentences below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the digit (s) denoting the comma (s) between the subordinate parts of a complex sentence. Our army had five men, (1) and the opponents had six. Therefore, we agreed (2) that we will hide in ambushes, (3) hide in the area, (4) since the advantage is always on the side of those (5) who are hiding. 2,4,5

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Slide Description:

B7 In the sentences below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the number denoting the comma between the parts of the complex sentence How, (1) for example, (2) does a wolf bite off its own paw, (3) trapped in a trap? No one will say (4) how it is possible - to gnaw through your own leg with your own teeth. 4

10 slide

Slide Description:

B7 In the sentence below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers that represent the commas between the parts of the complex sentence. In this very dugout, in that troubled winter, (1) ninety days, (2) maybe one hundred and fifty, (3) when the front stopped here, (4) a thin bucket drove through itself the smoke. 3

11 slide

Slide Description:

B7 In the sentences below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the number denoting a comma between the parts of a complex sentence connected by a compositional connection. Summer in the Kuban turned out to be hot, (1) but not dry. This is how it happens: the soldier died, (2) and the flowers, (3) planted by him, (4) live. 2

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Slide Description:

B7 In the sentence below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the digit (s) denoting the comma (s) between the parts compound sentence... She saw a rose, (1) grabbed it, (2) looked at its crumpled, (3) stained petals, (4) looked at me, (5) and her eyes, (6) suddenly stopped, (7) shone with tears. 5

Complex sentences with different kinds connections- this is complex sentences that consist of at least from three simple sentences , connected with each other by a compositional, subordinate and non-union connection.

To understand the meaning of such complex structures, it is important to understand how the simple sentences included in them are grouped together.

Often complex sentences with different types of connection are divided into two or more parts (blocks), connected with the help of compositional unions or non-union; and each part in structure is either complex sentence, or simple.

For example:

1) [Sad I am]: [No friend with me], (with whom I would drink for a long parting), (whom I could shake the hand from my heart and wish many happy years)(A. Pushkin).

This is a complex sentence with different types of communication: non-union and subordinate, consists of two parts (blocks), connected non-union; the second part reveals the reason for what is said in the first; Part I is a simple sentence in structure; Part II is a complex sentence with two subordinate determinants, with a homogeneous subordination.

2) [Lane was covered in gardens], and [by the fences grew linden trees who now cast a broad shadow by the moon] (so that fences and Gates on one side they were completely drowned in darkness)(A. Chekhov).

This is a complex sentence with different types of communication: compositional and subordinate, consists of two parts, connected by a compositional connecting union and, the relations between the parts are enumerative; Part I is a simple sentence in structure; Part II - a complex sentence with a clause of the consequence; the subordinate clause depends on everything important, it joins it with a union so that.

A complex sentence may contain sentences with various types of union and non-union communication.

These include:

1) composition and submission.

For example: The sun went down, and the night followed the day without a gap, as is usually the case in the south.(Lermontov).

(And - a compositional union, like a subordinate union.)

Outline of this proposal:

2) composition and non-union communication.

For example: The sun had set long ago, but the forest had not yet had time to subside: the turtles murmured near, the cuckoo was crowing in the distance(Bunin).

(But - a compositional union.)

Outline of this proposal:

3) subordination and non-union communication.

For example: When he woke up, the sun was already rising; the barrow overshadowed it(Chekhov).

(When - subordinate union.)

Outline of this proposal:

4) composition, submission and non-union communication.

For example: The garden was spacious and only oaks grew; they began to blossom only recently, so that now through the young foliage the whole garden with its stage, tables and swings was visible.

(And is a compositional union, so a subordinate union.)

Outline of this proposal:

In complex sentences with a compositional and subordinate connection, there may be a compositional and subordinate conjunctions nearby.

For example: The weather was fine all day, but when we swam to Odessa, it started raining heavily.

(But - a compositional union, when - a subordinate union.)

Outline of this proposal:

Punctuation marks in sentences with different types of connection

In order to correctly place punctuation marks in complex sentences with different types of connection, it is necessary to select simple sentences, determine the type of connection between them and select the appropriate punctuation mark.

As a rule, a comma is placed between simple sentences as part of a complex with different types of communication.

For example: [In the morning, in the sun, the trees were covered with luxurious frost] , and [it went on two hours], [then the frost disappeared] , [sun closed] , and [the day passed quietly, thoughtfully , with a drop in the middle of the day and anomalous lunar twilight in the evening].

Sometimes two, three or more simple suggestions are most closely related to each other in meaning and can be separated from other parts of a complex sentence semicolon ... Most often, a semicolon occurs in the place of a non-union connection.

For example: (When he woke up) [the sun was already rising] ; [the mound obscured it with itself].(The proposal is complex, with different types of communication: non-union and allied communication.)

In the place of non-union communication between simple sentences in a complex possible also comma , dash and colon , which are put according to the rules for the placement of punctuation marks in a non-union complex sentence.

For example: [The sun has set long ago] , but[the forest has not yet died down] : [turtledoves murmured near] , [the cuckoo crowed in the distance]. (The proposal is complex, with different types of communication: non-union and allied communication.)

[Leo Tolstoy saw a broken burdock] – and [lightning flashed] : [the idea of ​​an amazing story about Hadji Murad appeared](Paust.). (The proposal is complex, with different types of communication: compositional and non-union.)

In complex syntactic constructions that break up into large logical-syntactic blocks, which are complex sentences in themselves or in which one of the blocks turns out to be a complex sentence, punctuation marks are placed at the junction of the blocks indicating the relationship of the blocks, while maintaining internal characters set on their own syntactic basis.

For example: [Bushes, trees, even the stumps are so familiar to me here], (that the wild felling became like a garden to me) : [he caressed every bush, every pine tree, herringbone], and [they all became mine], and [it's like I planted them], [this is my own garden](Prishv.) - there is a colon at the junction of the blocks; [Yesterday the woodcock stuck his nose into this foliage], (to get the worm out from under it) ; [at this time we approached], and [he was forced to take off without throwing off the worn layer of old aspen foliage from his beak](Sew.) - there is a semicolon at the junction of the blocks.

Particular difficulties are caused by setting punctuation marks at the junction of the composition and subordinate unions (or a compositional union and a union word). Their punctuation is subject to the laws of the design of sentences with a compositional, subordinate and non-union communication. However, at the same time, proposals stand out and require special attention, in which several unions are side by side.

In such cases, a comma between the unions is placed if the second part of the double union does not follow further then, so, but(in this case subordinate clause may be omitted). In other cases, no comma is placed between the two unions.

For example: Winter was coming and , when the first frosts hit, it became hard to live in the forest. - Winter was approaching, and when the first frosts hit, it became hard to live in the forest.

You can call me but , if you don’t call today, we’ll leave tomorrow. - You can call me, but if you don’t call today, then tomorrow we will leave.

I think that , if you try, you will succeed. - I think that if you try, you will succeed.

Parsing a complex sentence with different types of connection

The scheme of parsing a complex sentence with different types of communication

1. Determine the type of sentence for the purpose of the statement (declarative, interrogative, incentive).

2. Specify the type of proposal for emotional coloring(exclamation or non-exclamation).

3. Determine (by grammatical basics) the number of simple sentences, find their boundaries.

4. Determine the semantic parts (blocks) and the type of connection between them (non-union or compositional).

5. Give a description of each part (block) by structure (simple or complex sentence).

6. Draw up a proposal outline.

SAMPLE Parsing a Complex Sentence WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMMUNICATION

[Suddenly a thick fog], [as if separated by a wall he me from the rest of the world], and, (so as not to get lost), [ I am decided

COMPLEX OFFERS WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMMUNICATION.

The purpose of the lesson: update and summarize the ZUN necessary for creative development students, previously received on the topic "Complex sentence", in new conditions, to form the ability to substantiate the signs of a complex sentence with different types of communication.

Tasks:

1. Determine the types of connection between simple sentences as part of a complex one.
2. To contribute to the development of the speech culture of students, their creative abilities.
3. Develop the ability to work in a team, motivate to overcome intellectual difficulties.

Equipment: computer, projector, screen, presentation, handout didactic material for group, individual work.

Methods: methods and techniques interactive learning, exploratory, partially exploratory, reproductive.

Lesson type: combined lesson.

Lesson type: workshop lesson

DURING THE CLASSES

On the slide:

1. Stage "Comprehension". Slide 1.

pay attention to monitor ... Let's read the statements of famous writers:

We must unlearn short phrase, it is appropriate only in moments of intense action.

Maksim Gorky

Short thoughts are good because they make you think.

Slide captions:

Thoughts of great writers We must unlearn a short phrase, it is appropriate only in moments of intense action. Maxim Gorky Leo Tolstoy Short thoughts are good because they make you think.

ALLOYED COMPLICATED: parts are autonomous and connected by intonation and compositional alliances UNIONless COMPLEXED: parts depend on each other; subordinate unions and alliance words DIFFICULT UNIONLESS PROPOSAL: parts are autonomous; intonation DIFFICULT SUGGESTIONS

Complex sentences with different types of communication

Combinations of types of communication composition and submission composition and non-union communication composition and non-union communication composition, subordination and non-union communication.

COMPOSITION + SUBMISSION LIKE, And the Damp wind rustled in the forests, and one could hear how merrily and loudly the streams rustle. A damp wind blew through the woods. You could hear it. The streams rustle merrily and loudly.

COMPOSITION + UNLESS COMMUNICATION Nettles burned my hands, my back ached, and my head was spinning. Nettles burned my hands. My back ached. My head was spinning. , AND,

SUBMISSION + UNIONLESS COMMUNICATION WHEN SPRING HAS COME, THE SUN BECAME BRIGHTNESS, LEAVES APPEARED ON THE TREES, FLOWERS ARE DISTRIBUTED ON THE MEADOWS. Spring has come. The sun began to shine brighter. Leaves appeared on the trees. Flowers bloomed in the meadows. , WHEN,

COMPOSITION + SUBMISSION + UNIONLESS COMMUNICATION Grasses were ripening in the meadows, in some farms they began to mow, and it was necessary to watch how the work was going. Grasses were ripening in the meadows. Mowing has begun on some farms. I had to watch. Work was in progress. HOW, AND,

Task 1 Make a proposal with different types of communication, using the terminology of your thematic group. Use facial expressions and gestures to depict a sentence.

Creative Work Read the joke instructions and reduce to one simple sentence.

Compiled by: Elena V. Kuznetsova, SCSUVU for children and adolescents with deviant behavior"Special comprehensive school closed type "