"The algorithm of work with the reception" Zigzag "in the lesson"

From the experience of Jafar Hope Vitallyna,

teacher primary classes MBOU SS No. 43 of the city of Arkhangelsk

Master Class

Explanatory note

The name of the reception is "Zigzag".

The goal is to master students a large text (see Appendix)

Equipment - text, sheets of paper, markers, knobs, pencils.

Authors pedagogical technology The development of critical thinking notes that it is necessary to allocate enough time to implement the semantic stage of reading. If students work with the text, it would be advisable to allocate time for the second reading. This is quite important, as in order to clarify some questions, you need to see text information in a different context. Such conditions are performed in the "Zigzag" reception.

Reception Zigzag belongs to the group of critical thinking techniques and requires the organization of students together: in pairs or small groups over the same problem, in the course of which new ideas are put forward. These ideas and opinions are discussed, discussed. The purpose of this reception is to study and systematize a large material. For this, it is necessary to first split the text into semantic passages for mutual education.

That is, the teacher does not give ready-made knowledge, but the students themselves.

The algorithm of work with the reception of Zigzag in the lesson

So, the conditions are asked - it is required for the lesson to master the large layer of the material.

• The text is initially divided by a teacher into several parts (forll, see the conditions below).
• The class is divided into groups with an equal number of participants. For example, on 5 groups of 5 students in each group. For convenience, we will call these primary groups of workers. The text should be divided into as many parts as participants in this primary group.

If the text is too voluminous, then a class can be divided into three working groups of 7 people each. But no more.

• Each group receives the same text. Moreover, each participant of the working group receives one excerpt from the text. These passages can be numbered or marked with different colors.
• Individual work. Each student works with its part of the text - works in the information, analyzes, constitutes the support abstract. It is important that everything you need is taken from the passage. The task of the student: to present a kind of "squeezing", quintessence. And it can do it in different ways - make a cluster, table, scheme, infographics, etc.
• The next stage of work is group. Now students go to their "colleagues". Expert groups are drawn up. That is, in one team, all those who received an excerpt number 1 will be in another - those who received an excerpt number 2. The discussion stage begins. Students exchange their works, opinions, choose the best option for the presentation of their part of the text.

An additional task may be to draw up questions according to its passage that will show how much the rest understood and learned the material. Moreover, questions can also be diversified - either it's just questions or mini-tests, or some practical task.

• After that, the guys returned to their working groups, and the stage of reflections begins. Everyone takes turns presents its part of the text. There will be this summary, the cluster, the table is already decided at the stage of work in the expert group. Thus, each of the students receives information throughout the text.
• Completed Zigzag with the overall work of the whole class. Each part of the text presents one of the experts on this issue. As a result, the secondary listening of the material occurs. The remaining experts are "complemented by" a colleague.

At the stage of reflection, students decide whose presentation of the material was the most accurate and effective. And also outlines the range of issues that require clarifications, explanations. The result of such a work can be a joint project or presentation.

Zigzag-2, or lightweight option

This technique can be used to study the text of a smaller volume or, for example, when learning artistic work. So, the reception of Zigzag can be used in primary school, and its lightweight version and in literature lessons.

In this case, the text is studied by each student completely.

• For dividing into groups, the teacher initially offers a certain number of questions.
• Having received his question, the student responds to it, it is also a schedule, a cluster, and so on.
• The following should also work in expert groups, which will decide whose presentation is the most objective.
• Work in working groups is carried out, as in Zigzag-1, only the answers to the questions on the text are already presented.
• The final work is common. One of the experts of each group presents its answer to the question. Secondary listening further enshrines information in students' consciousness.

Thus, in one lesson you can master a rather large formation of information. Reception "Zigzag" only at first glance seems bulky and uncomfortable. In practice, children are rapidly drawn into the process, since the work in groups activates the element of the Competition.

Using the Zigzag-2 strategy (critical thinking technology)
In the lessons of the surrounding world

Efremova Tatyana Valentinovna

( Tatyana. . Efremova. [Email Protected] yandex . ru )

primary school teacher

State Budgetary General Education

average comprehensive school №158 (GBOU SOSH №158)

saint Petersburg

Using the Zigzag-2 strategy (critical thinking technology) in the lessons of the surrounding world.

Children from nature are inquisitive, they want to know the world, are able to consider serious issues and nominate original ideas.

The role of the teacher is to be a thoughtful assistant, stimulating students to the tireless knowledge and helping them to form the skills of productive thinking.

Currently, the elementary school is at the stage of modernization and updating the content of education - the achievement of new modern quality russian educationapproved in federal state educational standards.

Key to successful development modern society The formation of an independent, responsible, thinking person who is able to cooperate, creative activities; tolerance, tolerance to someone else's opinion; The ability to keep dialogue, search and find substantive compromises. And therefore, the elementary school should be not a "skill school", but the first experience of the child in education - the place of sample of their forces, the space of the disclosure of personal potential and the school of growing up.

The teacher must perfectly own modern educational technologies that the learning process has been high-quality and improving the child's interest in obtaining new knowledge. Currently, personality-oriented training is chosen by the priority direction of learning, before the teacher, the goal is to make it, on the one hand, meaningful and practical, and, on the other hand, affordable and interesting.

One of the significant educational technologies is the technology of developing critical thinking, its use allows you to revive the lesson, make it fascinating and emotional.

If we systematically use methods and technologies for the development of critical thinking, then you can activate the mental activity of students.

The student in the learning process itself designs this process based on real and specific goals, itself tracks the directions of its development, determines the final result itself. On the other hand, the use of this strategy is focused on developing thoughtful work skills.

In order to give children the opportunity to actively work with the knowledge gained, the authors of the technology offer to build a lesson according to the scheme: "Introduction is the main part - conclusion." The same scheme acts in solving problems: "Introduction to the problem is the approaches to its solution - the result reflection".

In elementary school, students under the guidance of the teacher are just beginning to get acquainted with the receptions and strategies of the technology of critical thinking. In the second grade, you can introduce children with the strategy "Zigzag-2".

Zigzag-2 strategy is so named, because it is a non-linear, zigzag nature of working with information.

For what purposes is this strategy intended?

This strategy is appropriate to use for the development of the following skills in schoolchildren:

Analyze the text in conjunction with other people;

News research work in a group;

Available to transfer information to another person;

Independently determining the direction in the study of some kind of subject, taking into account the interests of the group.

The most important advantage of Zigzaga-2 is mastering the skills of joint critical analysis.

General scheme for implementing the strategy "Zigzag-2"

After the announcement of the subject of occupation, students are divided into small groups of 4-6 people in each. Before each group, the task of working with the text is set. Conditionally these groups are called workers. After each member of the group gets acquainted with the text, there is a discussion of the information received in the group.

Further, students are transplanted into new groups that are conventionally called expert. This is usually done by simply calculating the first-fourth. Before the lesson, each child receives a card with a sequence number.

Each expertthe group receives its task that they are jointly executed (discussion on asked question) Create a common project. After presenting projects, the team students return to their working groups.

Since each such group has a specialist in to eachaspect of the topic studied, then for everyone expertthere is a need for some training of other members of the Working Group. He must clarify his comrades the essence of the issue studied by him in the expert group so that they understand the key aspects of this part of the text and then managed to take into account when drawing up a common project on the topic.

it general scheme Implementation of the strategy "Zigzag-2".

Study preparation should be started with the selection of text to work. The text must be self-sufficient, informative.

The selected text should not be overloaded, and their volume is to correspond to the age-related features of students and time to study.

Before the classes, it is necessary to consider the division of the audience to the subgroups, based on the principle of uniformity: in the preparedness, in the ability to express their thoughts, etc. It is important that there are no passive children in the same group, and in the other are some leaders.

As for the elementary school, the application of this strategy is recommended to start from the second class because earlier children have not been reading quickly enough.

Rapporteurs from each group represent their projects accompanying it with visual materials. From each group - at least one question for each performance. Depending on the task The teacher can focus on certain points of performance. Thus, students have worked out text at various levels (reproduction, application, analysis, synthesis, assessment) and presented the results of their work.

On the final stage The teacher can discuss with students the most controversial points of the material being studied, propose tasks related to further development question, research of additional sources.

In general, on this work is completed, but another important stage remains - self-esteem. Since the purpose of using Zigzaga-2 is the formation of the ability to work with information in the group, then it is important that the children realize, comprehend their work. To do this, uses a sheet of self-esteem.

One of the options for self-esteem students:

Each student gives the teacher a completed sheet of self-assessment participation in group work. Every characteristic of your work, it must be estimated on a five-point scale.

I offered ideas for the preparation of the project - 1 2 3 4 5.

I asked clarifying questions - 1 2 3 4 5.

I carefully listened to all members of the group - 1 2 3 4 5.

According to the results of such self-esteem, the student can realize in which direction it is developed further. And the teacher can understand how much the student adequately perceives his participation in group work.

It is necessary to clearly and briefly give schoolchildren instructions - whatneed to do, what forit needs to be done whenthey will need to finish work and asit will be evaluated.

During group work The teacher passes by groups (clarifies the instructions, helps to formulate the nearest task, reminds of roles, about time; asks clarifying questions; praises for something and others).

The technology of development of critical thinking acts today as a tool to increase the efficiency of intellectual activity of students, as a means of development systemic thinkingWhat is one of the main tasks set in front of the teacher in the process of learning natural science. Distinctive feature this approach is more high level Perceptions and reproduction of knowledge, their systematization, the birth of new ideas, search for alternative solutions to problems, own design.

Interconnection

One of the ways of working in pairs. Used at the "Comprehension" stage. Application technology: Two student read the text, stopping after each paragraph, and ask each other questions of different levels By the content read. This form contributes to the development of communicative skills.

Reception "Zigzag"

Reception Zigzag refers to a group of critical thinking techniques and requires the organization of students' work together: in pairs or small groups over the same problem, in the course of which new ideas are put forward. These ideas and opinions are discussed, discussed. Learning process together in more than close to real reality than traditional training: Most often we make decisions in the process of communicating in small groups, temporary creative teams. These decisions are made both on the basis of a compromise and on the basis of choosing the most valuable opinion nominated by any of the Group.

The purpose of this reception is to study and systematize a large material. For this, it is necessary to first split the text into semantic passages for mutual education. The number of passages must coincide with the number of group members. For example, if the text is divided into 5 semantic passages, then in groups (let's call them conditionally workers) - 5 people.

• 1. In this strategy, there may be no challenge phase as such, since the assignment itself is the organization of work with the text of a large volume - in itself is a challenge.
• 2. Semantic Stage. The class is divided into groups. The group is issued texts of various content. Each student works with its text: highlighting the main thing, either constitutes the support summary, or uses one of the graphic forms (for example, "cluster"). At the end of the work, students go to other groups - expert groups.
• 3. Stage of reflection: work in the group "Experts". New groups are drawn up so that in each of the "specialists" on one topic. In the process of sharing the results of its work, a general presentation scheme of a story on the topic is drawn up. The question is solved about who will conduct a final presentation. Then the students are transplanted into their initial groups. Returning to his working group, the expert introduces other members of the group with his theme, using the general presentation scheme. The group exchanges the information of all participants in the working group. Thus, in each working GroupThanks to the work of experts, the general view of the topic has been studied.
• 4. The next step will be a presentation of information on individual topics, which is conducted by one of the experts, others make add-ons, answer questions. Thus, there is a "second hearing" themes

The result of the lesson can be a research or creative task on the topic studied.

This technique is applied on the texts of a smaller volume. In this case, the text is studied by all students, the principle of division into groups - questions to this text, their number must coincide with the number of participants in the group. Expert groups are collected by specialists on one issue: for a more detailed study, exchange of views, preparation of a detailed answer to the question, discussing the form of its presentation. Returning to the working groups, the experts consistently represent the options for answering their questions.

Modern education requires active forms of communication with the information field.

In this teachers and teachers are designed to help educational technologies.

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Using the "Zigzag" reception in elemental school lessons Presentation of primary school teachers GBOU NOSH No. 689 Nevsky District of St. Petersburg Shepelev Valentina Anatolyevna

The essence of the "Zigzag" admission: methodological value of the reception - independent study new material mutual education

Three phases, which "keep" the educational technology "Development of critical thinking" Challenge the reflection of the content of reflection motivational (motivation to work with new information, awakening interest in the topic) information (call "on the surface" of existing knowledge on the topic) Communication (conflictal exchange of opinions ) Information (obtaining new information on the topic) Systematization (classification of information received by categories of knowledge) Communication (exchange of views on new information) Information (acquisition of new knowledge) Motivational (motivation to further expand the information field) estimated (correlation of new information and knowledge available, Developing your own position, process evaluation)

Attainment educational results: Personal: Development of cooperation skills, ability to avoid conflicts and find exits from controversial situations; Formation of installation on a safe, healthy lifestyle, work on the result; The development of cognitive activity and independence when planning their actions. Subject: to form students an idea of \u200b\u200b.... Develop the ability to determine .... instill interest in the subject to educate ...

MetaPeredMet: Cognitive: Application of objective knowledge in modeling graphic text; Search necessary information for execution tasks; Regulatory: Agreement in the Project Development Sequence Group - a response to the issue under study; plan their actions in accordance with the goal and conditions of its implementation; Communicative: determination of the functions of the participants of the group and the methods of their interaction; Exchange knowledge between members of the group to effectively perform the task and drawing up graphic text

Benefits of receiving the advantage of the Zigzag reception is that the lesson is every student, regardless of its abilities, is absorbed by a large amount theoretical materialAll the work in the lesson students perform their own, the collaboration and responsibility of schoolchildren for the result are the main components of the lesson.

From the experience of working on the use of Tzigzag technologies, RKM technology in elementary school lessons

Stage call

Formulation of the problem. Planning work. Plan \u003d stages of reception "Zigzag" work time - 60 min.

Individual work with text. Zigzag-1 is the texts of each in the group are different. Zigzag-2 - the texts for everyone in the group are the same, but questions for study are different.

Stage of understanding

Work in the group of experts. Collect the group on one issue. Discussion. Joint preparation of the presentation - an answer to your question. Equipment: Sheets for presentation, markers, markers, glue, pictures on the subject of lesson.

Stage of reflection

Work in the initial group Broadcast (story) of your question, others listen, record the main thoughts (fill the scheme, table ...) Then everyone listened to the protection of the presentation (one of the experts protrudes) - the secondary listening of the issue (complement) the stage of reflection accompanies the teacher's presentation - check, complement, perceive the material for the third time. So for each topic of the topic.

A total of a test or other controlling task - verification of assimilation

Test work at the end of the lesson "Old Russian State" People What profession help humanity to learn about the past? A) Doctors b) archaeologists c) geologists Who was our ancestors? A) Pechenegs b) Korela c) Eastern Slavs What kind of common name was all principalities? A) Rus b) Russia c) Russia who stood at the head of the United Slavic tribes? A) The ancestor b) Prince c) the leader in which age did an ancient Russian state arose? A) in the first century b) at the end of the 1st century c) at the beginning of the X II century what city was the capital old Russian state? A) Kiev b) Moscow c) Pskov

Once again about the metering value of the Zigzag reception. Mutual education. Interganization educational process. Creating conditions for the formation of the entire spectrum of the Wood. Implementation of multifunctional activities. Coverage of a large amount of material.

Question answer

THANKS FOR ATTENTION! I wish you all health and creative success!

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Material for classes with students of pedagogical college

under the discipline "Modern educational technologies of primary general education"

Was Shepelev Valentina Anatolyevna,

teacher GBOU SPO PC number 8 of St. Petersburg

Technology

"Development of critical thinking through reading and writing" (RKMCHP)

Critical thinking - Thinking about thinking when you reflect on improving your thinking.

Km - not just thinking, and thinking, injuring self-improvement.

Critical thinking technology is the "invention" of American pedagogy. It is based on the creative cooperation of the student and teacher (teacher and student), on the development of students in the analytical approach to any material.

This technology is designed not to memorize the material, but to formulate the problem and the search for its solution. Critical thinking helps to prepare the children of a new generation, who know how to think, communicate, hear and listen to others. Children who can lead a discussion.

There are a number of reasons based on which the school began to develop this technology. One of the reasons is what we will live in an information society and a few years 100% of what we know now will be only 10%. Therefore, you need to be able to work with information, and this needs to teach children.

The technology "Development of critical thinking" is a modern "sense" pedagogical technology.

It solves the following tasks:

• educational motivation: increasing interest in the process of learning and active perception of educational material,
• letter cultures: formation of text writing skills of various genres;
• information literacy: development of the ability to independently analytical and evaluate work with information of any complexity;
• social competence: the formation of communicative skills and responsibility for knowledge.

It is based on a didactic pattern that obtained the name of the didactic cycle in the domestic pedagogy, and in the indicated technology - "a challenge - reflection - reflection."

This pattern is general, it is based on the patterns of human mental activity.

Since she is subject to assimilation of information in any area of \u200b\u200bknowledge, familiarization with the technology "Development of critical thinking" can be organized on any substantive material.

First stage - challenge actualizes the existing knowledge of students, awakens interest in the topic; It is here that the purpose of the study of the material is determined. For this purpose, various techniques are used: a brainstorming, the development of various versions for the material being studied, loyal and incorrect statements ("Do you believe"), keywords, Table ZhU (I know, I want to know, I learned), clusters.

Based on the existing knowledge, students can build their forecasts, define goals. cognitive activity At this lesson.

Second stage - understanding new material (new information, ideas, concepts). Here is the main substantive work of the student with the text, and the text should be understood quite widely, it may be a document or any other source of knowledge, as well as the speech of the teacher, video footage, etc. During the work of the student with new information, the following techniques are used. Texts with stops, text marking symbols, insert (drawing up tables), effective lecture, tree predictions, diaries and side journals, fat and subtle questions, zigzag.

Third stage - Reflection or reflection. Here the student comprehends the studied material and forms his personal opinion, the attitude towards the material being studied. At this stage, there is a discussion, writing of the composition, essay, fixation of the considered material in the form of your own conclusions, records in the notebook, the compilation of the scheme, portfolio, synkievine, cluster.

All three stages in the lesson must be observed, because This reflects a complex thought process.

In conclusion, it should be noted that the techniques of this technology are successfully applied by the compiler of this material in the training of students. Students note the efficiency of technology, motivational aspect, relevance in the system modern approaches Education and the possibility of applying specific technological techniques in practice.