Object in English Translation. We learn geographic names in English

7 an object

Initially, Freud was determined as an object with which the attraction can achieve its goal. However, Freud did not always unequivocally used this term, bearing in mind 1) a real tangible individual or subject; 2) the mental image of another person or subject, that is, the concept belong to the field of experiences; 3) Theoretical construct, other than the designation of both a real person and experience, and assumes some long-term existing organizational structure. Here you need to introduce some distinctions. The object must be distinguished from the subject, the person himself, for which it can be psychologically significant; It can be animated or inanimate, but it is always out of subject; Its double in the psyche of the subject - the inner object, sometimes called the representative of the object. However, the psyche presents all external phenomena; Internal object representation is a merger of various attributes of an external object: physical, intelligent, emotional, real or imaginary. Therefore, some authors prefer to use the term object representation to refer to the representatives of the individual features of the object.

Terms Object Relationship and Object Communications are often used as interchangeable and implies the installation or behavior of an individual relative to its object. Terms may refer to mental images or real persons. To preserve the diffusion of external and intrapsychic, it seems appropriate to use the concept object connection to designate the interaction between the subject and the real face (what is called interpersonal relationship), and the term object ratio - to designate a mental phenomenon, correlated with object representation in the psyche.

But object relations can be judged on the basis of messages about internal experience or on the basis of behavior observed in object connections. The unconscious fantasy is influenced by the product of an individual development history.

The concept of the object arose in connection with the Freud's theory of the impulse. The purpose of the deposits, he considered the discharge of energy or the acquisition of pleasure using the object. The first object is the partial object - the maternal breast, which is directed by the libido of the oral phase, since it is by feeding satisfies the attraction to self-preservation. Further development Presses the cathexis of the entire object. Autoeroticism, or the use of parts of its own body as objects of instinctive satisfaction, is characteristic of the degeneital phase of development. The object's oscillation means investing in the mental representation of a different face of libidinal or aggressive attraction or energy. The concept of a libidinous object refers to any partial or holistic object, as limited to libidinal energy, but sometimes meaning the energy of aggression. Object libido is libidinal energy, directed (patective) to the object; The term, object love is designated a complex of senses and attitudes for integrated integrated objects that are a source of pleasure.

The object selection is a process by which the individual gives another psychological significance. It occurs on the phallically-an emergency phase as soon as instinctive attractions are sent to a separate object; It is assumed to some satisfaction of the requirements of the deposits. The choice is conscientious, although due to unconscious determinants. So, for example, the object of love in adulthood often has common properties With the object of love that brought satisfaction in childhood. Anactic selection of the object is based on passive dependent needs and desire to be symbolically fed and protected, as was done by the mother. A narcissistic choice of an object is focused on the subject itself - how he was, is or would like to be - either on someone who is experiencing as a subject as part of himself. When choosing that other type, the object in some point is estimated inadequately overshadowed as parents in the past, and both are more or more libidine than aggressively, that is, are idealized objects. This means that traces of memory from such objects can serve as a model for future object investments. But the inner object can also serve as a model for identification, mental processBy which the representatives of the self are modified as the object properties are assigned. There is evidence that identification is often associated with a certain type of loss of an object, for example, the death of a real external object or separation from it, loss of love in subjective inner world (Without real or threatening loss), loss of body parts or mental functioning. According to Freud, the loss of the object or his love is a dangerous situation leading to anxiety. Sadness is a normal response to the loss of the object, but when a significant conflict is associated with a lost object, pathological reactions arise. These pathological reactions include depression, hypomanical flights and identification with a lost object through the development of mental symptoms or physical illness.

An important role in the development of mental structures and functions is played by internealization (intraction and identification) of the object or its properties. This happens in object relations along the development line from satisfying the biological needs of the object during the infancy and satisfying the psychological needs of the object of the third month of life (as evidenced by the "social smile") through the calm of the five-month, the fear of extraneous in 8-12 months, separation alarm, separation phase -Invision, phallically-edipo phase, latent period, adolescence and adulthood. An important step on this path is to gain the constancy of the object. It is determined in different ways, but its essence is the libidine cathexis of the object - the mother, even if it is missing or angry.

Winnicotta observations are established that some children before learn to distinguish themselves and the object should, in order to avoid anxiety, have an inanimate object, such as a blanket or plush little animal. Such objects are called transitional objects. In addition to them, there are still a number of transient phenomena that contribute to the formation of the independence of the child from the real world or on the absence of an object. Some border patients tend to share all objects on idealized, favorite, good objects and completely rejected, hated bad objects. At the same time, in its perception of the same object, they easily go from one extreme to another. The need for such division to opposite categories is associated, apparently, with a diagnus development phase, when the child is not yet able to connect the images of satisfying (good) and fruit (bad) mother into one. With normal development, this doubly phase remains behind, and an ambivalence phase occurs, in which the child becomes able to integrate the holistic image of the maternal object, which satisfies and fruits, and is an object of both libidinal and aggressive impulses. Kernberg was postulated that a strong aggressive attraction of the border patient restricts such integration, resulting in protective splitting. Without such splitting, apparently, the aggression facing the inner object would be so uncontrollable, which would lead to its destruction.

Splitting and other pathological reactions do not allow border, narcissistic and psychotic patients to enter a mature relationship with the object. They are not able to maintain the relationship of love, facing frustration; They are not able to make independence of the beloved object having their needs. Mature object relations and love, on the contrary, suggest an understanding that the object and the person itself is independent and that his or her needs can sometimes have to conflict with the needs of the individual himself. They also assume adoption, understanding and ability to endure ambivalence in relation to the object, the ability to take both some dependence and independence, the ability to perceive and relate their changing needs and requirements with such an object. Development I and the ripening of object relations largely depend on each other. Their assessment is one of the central points in determining the adaptive abilities of the individual and its susceptibility to psychoanalysis.

LIT: [74 , 152 , 174 , 285 , 294 , 451 , 492 , 495 , 705 ]

8 an object

9 an object

unidentified Flying Objects, UFO - Unidentified Flying Objects, UFO

2) (industry, construction, etc.) Installation, Object, Project, Unit

object necessary for the implementation of the contract - Object Indispensable for the Execution of the Treaty

10 an object

11 an object

1. m. Entity, Object.

2. m. Installation.

3. m. etc. Using Activity; Ship, Vehicle, Airplane,

Synonymous:

subject (SUN) thing

12 an object

13 an object

14 an object

15 an object

Quite often, when translating legal documents, the question arises how to translate to english word "an object". Object Object is not always coming.

In particular, the word Object can be used when it means something abstract or physical, to which any action or feel is sent to: Object of Ridicule ("object object"), Object Of My Affection ("Object of My Love"), Object For Study ("Object of Study"), Object of Investigation ("Object of the Investigation"), Object of SMB's Desire / Attention ("object of desire / attention").

Usually, the word "object", Used in this value, can be replaced by the "subject": "Subject item", "subject of study", etc. We note that the word "subject" itself is the translation of the Latin term Objectum, that is, by tracing.

Object can also be used in the value "Thing, a material phenomenon that can be seen or touch": Material / Physical Object - material / physical object (object), Unidentified Flying Object (UFO) - Unidentified Flying Object (UFO).

In other cases word Object. is a false friend of the translator, especially when transferring compound legal terms (in this article, we do not consider the concept of "object" in the values \u200b\u200bused in narrow subject areas, i.e. as a special term when it can be identically english term Object, for example in philosophy). And it will be wrong to translate into English "Real Estate Object" as Object Of Real Estate (instead of the Piece of Real Estate) or Infrastructure Object as Object of Infrastructure (instead of Piece of Infrastructure or InfraStructure Facility).

Most often, the word "object" needs to be translated as Facility (if an object is understood as an object, building, institution):
• object of waste disposal - Waste Disposal Facility;
• agriculture facility - Agricultural Facility;
• production object - Production Facility;
• industrial object - Industrial Facility.

However, there may be other options:
• water object - BODY OF WATER;
• world Heritage Object - WORLD HERITAGE SITE;
• intellectual Property Object - Item Of Intellectual Property;
• object of unfinished construction - ASSET Under Construction;
• an object ambient - ENVIRONMENTAL MEDIUM.

We hope that now you will always be correctly transferred to the English word "object". If you find it difficult to translate this noucent or you need an accurate translation of legal documents, you can seek help in our

Hi friends!

Well, do you know geography? Can you name the countries of the big twenty (G20) in English? BUT european countries? Do you have to look into the dictionary to clarify how or is it called or pronounced the name of a state, city, rivers, lakes or other geographical object in English? I can argue that yes. Of course, it is impossible to learn the infinite number of names present on modern maps, but on the other hand, it would be nice to remember at least a few dozen in the "Gentleman's set" of a modern educated person. And this will help you with a wonderful site online.seterra.com, and I will now tell you what benefit and how you can extract from it. So, meet:

This site is a free interactive geographical quiz with which you will get acquainted, and with some adjudication, and learn the names of countries, their flags, capital, city, oceans, islands, rivers, mountains and volcanoes, and even planets solar systemAnd all this is in English! By the way, if you prefer to use a smartphone or an "apple" device, then for this there are also features: click on the appropriate link, and download the desired application.

The first step will be the choice of a language on which the quiz. Your next step is the choice of the desired part of the world: America, Europe, Africa, Asia or Australia. Either you can search the continents and oceans, islands, mountain ranges, volcanoes, lakes and rivers, flags, countries in population, territory, membership in various international organizations and other features.

Probably the simplest thing - to start with the section The World and click on The Solar System: Planets. You get here:

Scroll below and here it is a quiz:

By the way, one important remark. Under the quiz there is a couple of Chekboxers: to connect sound support of each click and sounding the names that you have to find. For better development of geographical names in English, I recommend putting a tick in this checkbox with each game. It should be noted that not every quiz is equipped with this option.

On the left side of the quiz you see the drop-down menu

Let's figure out what opportunities it provides.
Wikipedia - when choosing a dedicated point on the map, you go to a Wikipedia page, though all the information will be on english language.
Learn - you can undermine various objects and you will show their names.
Show All - All objects will be shown at once with their names.
PLACE THE LABELS - The names of the playing field will appear to drag to the appropriate object.
TYPE - Checkbox will appear in which the object name needs to be imprinted.
PIN - You will be given tasks to find a specific object on the map, and if you do not put in standard terms, the hint will appear.
Pin Hard - tasks will be strictly limited in time and although the tips will appear, but then they disappear to complicate the task of playing.