What is the negative impact. Positive and negative human impact on the environment

Content

From the moment man learned to use tools of labor and became a reasonable man, his influence on the nature of the Earth began. Further development led only to an increase in the scale of influence. Let's talk about how humans affect nature. What are the pros and cons of this impact?

Bad influence

Human influence on the Earth's biosphere is ambiguous. Only one thing can be said with certainty: without a person the world certainly would not be what he is. Both the land and the ocean. To begin with, let's find out about the negative aspects of human influence on the nature of the Earth:

• Deforestation. Trees are the "lungs" of the Earth, mitigating the negative effect of human influence on the Earth's climate by transforming carbon dioxide into oxygen. But, apparently, the person does not need help. In areas where impenetrable forests grew 20 years ago, highways were laid and fields were sown.
• Depletion, soil pollution... To increase yields, fertilizers, pesticides and other chemicals are used that pollute the land. And an increase in yield implies an increased intake of nutrients and minerals by plants in a particular area. Restoring their content is an extremely slow process. The soil is depleting.

• Population decline... To provide food for the growing population of the Earth, new areas are required for fields. New territories have to be allocated for them. For example, cutting down forests. Many animals, being deprived of their natural habitat, die. Such changes are the result of the so-called indirect human influence.
• Destruction of tens of thousands of species of animals and plants... Unfortunately, they were unable to adapt to life on Earth, changed by man. Some were simply exterminated. This is another method of influence.
• Pollution of water and atmosphere... More on this below.

Positive influence

Protected areas, parks, wildlife sanctuaries are being created - places where the impact on nature is limited. Moreover, people there even support plant and animal world... So, some species of animals now live exclusively in reserves. If it were not for them, they would have disappeared from the face of the Earth long ago. The second point: artificial canals and irrigation systems make fertile lands that, without human intervention, would look bare like a desert. Perhaps that's all.

The impact of humans on the nature of mountains and oceans

Industrial waste and even ordinary garbage find their last refuge in the waters of the world's oceans. So, in Pacific there is a so-called dead zone - a huge area completely covered with floating debris. An illustrative example of how a person influences the surrounding nature. Light debris does not sink in the ocean, but remains on the surface. The access of air and light to the inhabitants of the ocean becomes difficult. Whole species are forced to look for a new place. Not everyone succeeds.

Worst of all, the same plastic, for example, has been decomposing in the ocean for thousands of years. The floating dump appeared no more than half a century ago, but since then its area and impact on the ecosystem have increased tenfold. Every year, ocean currents bring in millions of tons of new waste. This is real ecological catastrophy for the ocean.

Not only the oceans are being polluted, but also fresh water. Every large river, on which there are big cities, thousands of cubic meters of sewage and industrial waste fall every day. Groundwater brings pesticides and chemical fertilizers. Finally, garbage is dumped into the water. The worst part is that stocks fresh water on Earth are strictly limited - its less than 1% of the total volume of the world's oceans.

Oil spills should be noted separately. It is known that one drop of oil makes about 25 liters of water unfit for drinking. But this is not the worst. Oil spilled in the sea or ocean forms a very thin film that covers a huge area. The same drop of oil will cover 20 square meters water.

This film, although it has a small thickness, is destructive to all living things. It does not allow oxygen to pass through, therefore, if living organisms cannot move to another territory, they are doomed to slow death. Think how many oil tankers and other ships carrying oil crash in the world's oceans every year? Thousands! Millions of tons of oil get into the water.

But how does a person influence the nature of the mountains? The negative impact is, first of all, in deforestation on their slopes. The slopes become bare, the vegetation disappears. Erosion and loosening of the soil occurs. And this, in turn, leads to collapses. Also, a person extracts minerals that have been formed in the earth for millions of years - coal, oil, etc. If the rate of production is maintained, the resource reserve will last for a maximum of 100 years.

The impact of human activities on processes in the Arctic

Industrial production all over the Earth, like cars, emit colossal amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This leads to a decrease in the thickness of the ozone layer, which protects the Earth's surface from the deadly ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. Over the past 30 years, the concentration of ozone over some parts of the planet has decreased tenfold. A little more - and holes will appear in it, which a person cannot patch.

Carbon dioxide does not escape anywhere from the lower layers of the Earth's atmosphere. He is the main reason global warming. The essence of the effect of carbon dioxide is an increase in the average temperature on Earth. So, over the past 50 years, it has increased by 0.6 degrees. This may seem like a small value. But this opinion is wrong.

Global warming leads to such a pattern as an increase in the temperature of the world's oceans. The polar glaciers in the Arctic are melting. The ecosystems of the Earth's poles are being disrupted. But glaciers are sources of a huge amount of clean fresh water. The sea level is rising. All this is due to carbon dioxide. The need to reduce the volume of its emission is a problem of global importance. If we do not find a solution, the Earth may become uninhabitable in a few hundred years.

Lecture number 5

Topic: Human health and the environment.

purpose: the formation of knowledge on this topic, the formation of students' knowledge about the features of the anthropogenic factor of environmental pollution, its main sources and negative consequences. Formation of ecological culture of students . contribute to the formation of an emotional-value attitude towards one's own health and the health of people in general;

Basic terms and concepts: health, ecology, factors of ecology and health.

Lecture plan:

1. Formation of the concept of health, healthy lifestyle and factors affecting health.

2. The human factor and its impact on life safety.

3. General concepts about the culture of life safety.

4. The level of life safety culture as a criterion for determining the level of health and safety.

"Health is the pinnacle,

To which person

I must rise myself. "
I. Brekhman

Formation of the concept of health, healthy lifestyle and factors affecting health.

The French philosopher and writer Michel Montaigne wrote: "Health is a capital given to man by nature from the very beginning, having lost it, it is difficult to return it back."

How do you understand the phrase "healthy lifestyle"? (compliance with the rules of maintaining and strengthening health is called a healthy lifestyle)

A person has a right to health. Law is closely related to its responsibility. In many countries, responsibility for one's health is encouraged by the state (additional payments, bonuses, additional vacations for those who are not sick, do not smoke, play sports, etc.). Conscious and responsible attitude to one's health should become the norm of life and behavior of each of us.

The person himself is a source of danger to his health in the event that he does not adhere to a healthy lifestyle and creates dangerous factors for his health.

Environmental pollution- a complex process associated with daily human activities

Indeed, humanity is guilty of many contemporary issues that negatively affect human health. Negative environmental factors that are created in the course of human activities are called anthropogenic.

The human factor and its impact on life safety.

IN modern life the likelihood of dangerous situations increases, therefore, the risk factor for human life and health increases. The cause of the tragic consequences of various dangerous and emergency situations in more than 80% of cases, the cause of death is the human factor.

Human impact on environment becomes more and more tangible, and it has intensified especially sharply in the conditions of the modern scientific and technological revolution. IN varying degrees all natural components of the environment have undergone changes: air, soil, water. The development of mankind has led to the emergence of new anthropogenic factors, such as noise pollution, electromagnetic pollution. Consequences caused by anthropogenic factors significantly affect human health. group work your task is to find out what are the sources of environmental pollution and what consequences this type of pollution has for humanity.

3. General concepts about the culture of life safety.

To emphasize that the general culture of the population of our country in the field of security in many respects does not correspond to the real conditions of life, it lags behind the rapid pace of development of civilization. It should be understood that the concepts of "human safety" and "healthy lifestyle" are interrelated.

4. The level of life safety culture as a criterion for determining the level of health and safety.

Ensuring the safety of every person in the process of his life and raising the level of his general culture in the field of safety are components of the individual system of a healthy lifestyle.

Raising the level of safety culture presupposes the formation of skills, beliefs and habits that are vital in the field of safety, including those directly related to a healthy lifestyle.

Continuous improvement of the general level of culture in the field of life safety will contribute to ensuring the social well-being of a person and, therefore, high level his health. It can be noted that the level of culture in the field of life safety is becoming one of the important criteria that determine the level of human and social health.

A person's ability to ensure personal safety in everyday life and in various dangerous and emergency situations is the main component of a healthy lifestyle that ensures a person's social well-being.

Outcome:

A.V. Yablokov wrote: "Life without danger is practically impossible, but mankind is obliged to reduce the environmental risk if it does not want to die."

Explain this statement.

Knowledge control:

Give answers to questions:

1. IN what is the negative impact of the human factor on the safety of the individual, society and state?

2. What knowledge, abilities and skills determine the general level of a person's culture in the field of life safety?

3. What is the significance of the level of general culture in the field of life safety for the formation of an individual system of a healthy lifestyle?

4. What qualities should be formed in a person if he observes the norms of a healthy lifestyle?

Homework: Learn a synopsis, prepare information about a healthy lifestyle, compose a collage on the topic of the lesson, pick up statements about health, prepare essays on the environmental situation in Donbass. formulate recommendations for improvement ecological situation Donbass.

Abstract Topics:

1) Eco problem of urbanized areas and ways to optimize their functioning.

2) Solid household waste and technical solutions.

3) Energy and resource saving in technological processes.

4) Prospects for use information technologies in environmental protection.

Literature:

Ecology: rational nature management and life safety. Tutorial edited by A.N. Pavlova. - M .: high school, 2005 .-- 343 s

Humanity has entered the 21st century in a period of social, technical and cultural changes, which were the result of its achievements in all spheres.

Constantly increasing technical support human life. Live in modern world hard to imagine without different types transport, without many household appliances to meet his vital needs. At the same time, human activity leads to an increase in problems in the field of life safety.

With the increase in the number of technical means used in Everyday life, the likelihood of dangerous situations due to violation of operating rules and various malfunctions in their work increases. All this increases the risk factor for human life and health.

Analysis of the causes of the tragic consequences of various dangerous and emergency situations shows that in more than 80% of cases, the cause of death is the “human factor”. Tragedy occurs most often due to ignorance and non-compliance with rules and regulations safe behavior, due to neglect of the rules of personal hygiene and norms of a healthy lifestyle, due to the low level of general culture and elementary illiteracy in the field of safety. In addition, it was noted that most man-made disasters are man-made, and among the main reasons are sloppiness, carelessness and indifference.

The general culture of the population of our country in the field of security in many respects does not correspond to the real conditions of life, it lags behind the rapid pace of development of civilization.

Our society is beginning to realize that there is no completely safe life, and the development of mankind and technical progress require increased responsibility of each person for their actions and deeds.

Everyone should know

What should be understood as a common culture in the field of life safety:
This is, firstly, conscious behavior in the process of everyday life and in various dangerous and emergency situations.
It is, secondly, the ability to be able, with a certain degree of probability, to foresee the occurrence of a dangerous or emergency situation by external signs of the development of events, by analyzing various information and by personal experience.
This is, thirdly, the ability to correctly assess the course of events and, if possible, avoid dangerous situations.
It is, fourthly, the ability to behave responsibly and not deliberately commit acts that may contribute to the emergence of a dangerous or emergency situation.
This is, finally, fifthly, knowledge and ability to adequately behave in various dangerous and emergency situations to reduce the risk factor for life and health.

The acquired knowledge, skills and abilities in the field of safety become an urgent need in the life of every person, society and state, because they ultimately form national security Russia in the modern world.

Ensuring the safety of every person in the process of his life and increasing his level of general culture in the field of safety are one of the main components in the individual system of a healthy lifestyle. It can be argued that a healthy lifestyle is an integral, logically interconnected system of human behavior in the process of his life, which contributes to ensuring his personal safety and well-being in life.

Compliance with the norms of a healthy lifestyle should contribute to the upbringing in each person of such qualities as a responsible attitude to preserving the environment. natural environment, to personal health, which is of both individual and social value.

It becomes clear that high spiritual and physical qualities of a person lose their significance if he is not prepared for safe life in a real environment, is not able to assess the level of danger to life and health in a specific dangerous or emergency situation, to find the most optimal way out of this situation, allowing him to reduce the risk factor for life and health.

A constant increase in the general level of culture in the field of life safety will contribute to ensuring the social well-being of a person and characterize the level of his health. It can be noted that the level of culture in the field of life safety is becoming one of the important criteria that determine the level of health of a person and society.

Attention!
A person's ability to ensure personal safety in everyday life and in various dangerous and emergency situations is the main component of a healthy lifestyle that ensures a person's social well-being.

Questions and Answers

1. What is the negative impact of the "human factor" on the security of the individual, society and the state?
2. What knowledge, skills and abilities determine general level human culture in the field of life safety?
3. What is the significance of the level of general culture in the field of life safety for the formation of an individual system of a healthy lifestyle?
4. What qualities should be formed in a person while observing the norms of a healthy lifestyle?
5. Why is it possible to consider the level of a person's general culture in the field of life safety as one of the criteria for the level of his health at the present time?

The task

Based on the materials in this chapter, briefly formulate for yourself general concept a healthy lifestyle and its main components. Try to shape your lifestyle in accordance with your ideas about a healthy lifestyle.

Man is a part of nature, therefore he affects the world around him, and the world around him, in turn, has a direct impact on each of us. In fact, this influence can be both positive and negative. But, unfortunately, most often people only harm nature, and she tends to respond in kind to us. Let's take a closer look at what is the negative impact of man on nature and the environment on man.

Negative human impact on nature

Nature suffers terribly from human activities. People are actively depleting its resources, polluting the planet and destroying many species of plants and animals. IN last years scientific and technological progress is constantly accelerating, and anthropogenic influence is characterized by a catastrophic level.

Unfortunately, although nature can heal itself, its capabilities in this regard are limited. Man is actively depleting the bowels of the planet, mining minerals for many years. This practice becomes the reason for the almost catastrophic depletion of the Earth's internal reserves, which are represented by reserves of oil, coal and natural gas.

People actively litter the planet - especially water bodies and the atmosphere. In many countries, waste disposal methods are not used at all, and the awareness of the population in this matter is at an extremely low level. Landfills occupy a huge area, and their size is increasing every year.

Atmospheric pollution is causing the appearance of " greenhouse effect», Global warming and other serious problems.

Man destroys the plant resources of the planet. A hundred or two hundred years ago, forests covered about fifty percent of the land, and today their number has almost halved. And forests are not only Natural resources... They are the "lungs" of the planet, as they are responsible for the synthesis of oxygen. In addition, such plantings are a habitat for many species of animals, as well as plants.

Uncontrolled change and destruction of the natural landscape, which we continue to talk about on this page www.site, leads to the extinction of many species of animals, as well as plants. Species diversity on the planet is decreasing every year, and it is almost impossible to stop this process.

Improper use of fertile soils leads to their depletion, which over time can make it difficult to use such areas for growing food.

The negative impact of the environment on humans

Medical experts say that almost eighty-five percent of all diseases diagnosed in humans are associated with adverse environmental influences. The health of the population is catastrophically deteriorating, every year there are more and more new ailments that are difficult to diagnose and treat.

Many diseases and pathological conditions arise from the constant inhalation of contaminated substances. Harmful emissions of enterprises into the atmosphere cause the contact with the skin and mucous membranes of various aggressive substances, represented by carbon monoxide, sulfur, nitrogen, hydrocarbons, lead compounds, etc. All these particles are harmful to health. primarily irritates the respiratory tract, causing asthma, causing a general deterioration in health. Living in areas with dangerous enterprises, people often face headaches, nausea, a feeling of weakness, and their performance is significantly reduced. There is also evidence that air pollution can provoke the development of cancer.

Drinking water also has a negative effect on the health of an individual. After all, a variety of diseases are transmitted through polluted water bodies. Scientists argue that the consumption of insufficient quality water leads to the development of pathologies of the heart and blood vessels, ailments of the kidneys, liver and biliary tract, as well as the digestive tract.

The harm that humans do to the environment leads to climate change. Here at least, weakening and some change in direction warm current The Gulf Stream, which occurs due to the melting of ice and leads to an increase in the number of tornadoes. It is also worth recalling the decrease in the thickness of the ozone layer of the atmosphere ... But such negative climatic conditions can cause not only a change in weather, but also the most real, including quite serious diseases, for example, due to skin burns under the influence of sunlight. Also, health disorders can be provoked by exposure magnetic storms, sharp fluctuations in temperature and atmospheric pressure.

In fact, the negative impact of the environment on humans and the human impact on the environment are closely related. After all, bringing constant harm to nature, people have long begun to notice that it responds in kind to them. But, unfortunately, it will take a lot of time to reduce this negative impact.