2.1. Characteristics of the structure of the Unified Energy System of Russia

What is the UES of Russia?

The Unified Energy System of Russia is a highly automated complex of power plants, electrical networks and electric grid facilities, combined with a single technological regime and centralized operational dispatch control.

The UES of Russia is the world's largest synchronously operating electricity association, which covers about 7 thousand km from the west to the East and from north to south - more than 3 thousand km.

UES of Russia ensures reliable, economical and high-quality power supply of sectors of the economy and population Russian Federation, as well as electricity supplies in the energy system of foreign countries.

Development of UES of Russia and its modern structure

The development of the UES of Russia occurred through the phased association and organization of the parallel work of regional energy systems, the formation of interregional combined power systems (OES) and their subsequent association in the composition of the Unified Energy System.

The transition to this form of the organization of the electric power industry was due to the need to more rational use of energy resources, increasing the economy and reliability of the country's power supply.

At the end of 2005, six combined power systems were operated as part of the UES in parallel (see Fig. 2.1) - North-West, Center, Middle Volga, Urals, South, Siberia. OES of the East, which includes 4 regional power systems of the Far East, works separately from the Siberian OES. The partitions between these combined power systems are located on a transit high-voltage line (VL) of 220 kV "Childrengo" - "Amurnergo" and are established promptly depending on the developing balance of both energy facilities.

The experience of more than 40 years old, UES of Russia showed that the creation of a holistic unified system, despite the relative weakness of network connections, the European part of Russia is Siberia and Siberia - the Far East, gives a tangible cost savings for the production of electricity due to efficient control of electrical energy flows and contributes to reliable power supply country.

OES North-West

The Energy Proceeds located in the territories of St. Petersburg, Murmanskaya, Kaliningrad, Leningrad, the Novgorod, Kaliningrad, Leningrad, Novgorod, Kaliningrad, Leningrad, Novgorod, Pskov, Arkhangelsk Regions, Republics of Karelia and Komi are working as part of the North-West. The EEC provides synchronous parallel operation of the UES of Russia with the power systems of the Baltic countries and Belarus, as well as non-synchronous parallel work (through the converter) from the Finnish power system and the export of electricity to countries that are included in the Union of Scandinavian Energy System (Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden).

The distinctive features of the OES of the North-West are:

• extended (up to 1000 km) single-chart transit 220 kV (Vologda - Arkhangelsk - Vorkuta) and 330 kV (St. Petersburg - Karelia - Murmansk);
• a large proportion of power plants operating in basic mode (large nuclear power plants and TPPs) providing about 90% of the total electricity generation in the OES. In this connection, the regulation of the unevenness of the daily and seasonal total charts of electric consumption of the OES is mainly due to intersystem power flows. This leads to a reversing load of in-and intersystem transit lines of 220-750 kV almost to the maximum permissible values.

OES Center

The Center of the Center is the largest (on the production potential concentrated in it) of the United Energy System in the UES of Russia. The center of the Center operates energy facilities located in the territories of Moscow, Yaroslavl, Tver, Smolensk, Moscow, Ivanovo, Vladimir, Vologda, Kostroma, Nizhny Novgorod, Ryazan, Tambov, Bryansk, Kaluga, Tula, Orlovskaya, Kursk, Belgorod, Voronezh and Lipetsk regions, and the generating capacity of the merge power plants account for about 25% of the total generating capacity of the UES of Russia.

Distinctive features of the OEC Center are:

• its location at the junction of several OES (Northwest, the Middle Volga, the Urals and the South), as well as the power systems of Ukraine and Belarus;
• the highest proportion of nuclear power plants in the structure of generating power;
• a large number of large electric consumption assemblies related to ferrous metallurgy enterprises, as well as large industrial urban centers (Vologda-Cherepovets, Belgorod, Lipetsky, Nizhny Novgorod);
• the presence of the largest Moscow energy system, which makes increased demands on ensuring the reliability of power supply regimes and differs at the present time and the high increase in power consumption growth;
• the need to widely attract power units of thermal power plants to the process of frequency control and power flows to increase the flexibility of controlling the modes and reliability of the OES.

OES of Middle Volga

In the composition of the Middle Volga OES, energy facilities located in the territories of Penza, Samara, Saratov, Ulyanovsk regions, Mordovskoy, Tatar, Chuvash and Mari Republics are working.

The OES is located in the central part of the UES of Russia and borders on the Center of the Center and the Urals, as well as from the Energy System of Kazakhstan. OES provides transit power transmission - up to 4300 MW from east to west and up to 3,800 MW from west to east, which makes it possible to most effectively use the generating capacity of both the association itself and the OES of the Center, Urals and Siberia.

A distinctive feature of the Middle Volga OES is a significant proportion of hydrogenerating capacity (HPP of the Volga-Kamsky Cascade), which allows you to quickly change the generation in a wide range of up to 4880 MW, providing both frequency control in the UES of Russia and the maintenance of transit effluents with the OEC of the Center, Urals and Siberia at specified limits.

OES Urals

The OES of the Urals is formed from the energy facilities located in the territories of Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Perm, Orenburg, Tyumen, Kirovskaya, Kurgan regions, the Udmurt and Bashkir Republic. They are combined by more than 106 thousand kilometers of power lines (a quarter of the total length of the VL UES of Russia) with a voltage of 500-110 kilovolt, located on the territory of almost 2.4 million square kilometers. In the composition of the UES of the Urals, 106 power plants operate, the total installed capacity of which is over 42 thousand MW or 21.4% of the total installed capacity of the power plants of the UES of Russia. OES is located in the center of the country, at the junction of the OES Siberia, the center of the Middle Volga and Kazakhstan.

The distinctive features of the OES of the Urals are:

• a complex multiscount 500 kV network, in which daily from two to eight VL 500 kV is disabled for planned or emergency repair, as well as a voltage reserve;
• significant daily fluctuations in the amount of power consumption with an evening downturn (speed up to 1200 MW) and morning growth (speed up to 1,400 MW. An hour) caused by a high fraction of industry in the consumption of the Urals;
• a large proportion of high-tender TES block equipment (58% of the installed capacity), which allows you to daily change the total load of the URAL OES power plants in the range from 5,000 to 7000 MW and turn off to the reserve for weekends and on holidays from two to ten power units with a total capacity of 500 to 500 to 2000 MW. This allows you to regulate intersystem flows with the OEC of the Center, Medium Volga, Siberia and Kazakhstan and ensure reliable power supply to the Ural consumers.

OES YUGA

The ECU of the South employs power facilities located in the territory of Krasnodar, Stavropol Terrav, Volgograd, Astrakhan, Rostov regions, Chechen, Ingush, Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkarian, Kalmyk, North Ossetian and Karachay-Cherkess Republic. The OES provides parallel operation of the UES of Russia with the energy systems of Ukraine, Azerbaijan and Georgia.

The distinctive features of the South OEC are:

the historically established scheme of the electrical network on the basis of the 330-500 kV VL 330-500, stretching from the North-West to the southeast along the Caucasus Range to areas with intense ice-formation, especially in the foothills;

the uneven flow of the rivers of the North Caucasus (Don, Kuban, Terek, Sulac), which has a significant impact on the balance of electricity, leading to the electricity deficiency in winter, with an appropriate load of the electrical network in the direction of the West-East, and the surplus in the summer, with the download in the opposite direction;

the largest (compared to other OES) the share of utility domestic load in the power consumption structure, which leads to sharp jumps of electricity consumption at temperature changes.

OES Siberia

OES Siberia is the most territorially extended association in the UES of Russia, covering the territory from the Omsk region in Western Siberia. to the Chita region in Eastern Siberia. The ECO employs energy facilities located in the territories of Altai, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Omsk, Tomsk, Novosibirsk, Kemerovo, Irkutsk, Chita regions, Khakassia, Buryatia and Tyva. Taimarenergo works isolated. About 87 thousand kilometers voltage 1150 -110 kilometers and more than 46 GW of generating power plants, more than 50% of which make up the power of the hydropower plant, are combined into the OEC.

OES Siberia was formed from scratch in a short historical term. Simultaneously with the construction of powerful and efficient cascades of hydropower plants and construction of large GRES based on cheap brown coals of open production, large territorial industrial complexes (fraternal, Ust-Ilimsky, Sayansky, Kansky-Achinsky Fuel and Energy Complex - Katk) were created. The next step was the construction of high-voltage power lines, the creation of district energy systems due to the unification of power grids powerful power plantsAnd then - the formation of OES Siberia.

The distinctive features of the OES Siberia are:

the unique structure of generating power, more than 50% of which is a hydroelectric power plant with reservoirs of many years of regulation and reserves of about 30 billion kWh for a period of long-term low-water. At the same time, HPP Siberia produces almost 10% of the production of electricity to all power plants of the UES of Russia;

significant natural fluctuations in the annual flow of the rivers of the Angaro-Yenisei basin, the energy potential of which ranges from 70 to 120 billion kWh, with poor predictability of water water, even in the short term;

using the peak power of Siberian hydroelectric power to regulate the load of the European part of the OES and regulating the annual non-uniformity of the power output of the hydropower station on the water flow of the TPP of the Urals and the Center. For this purpose, the construction of 500 kV and 1150 square meters was carried out on Transit Siberia - Kazakhstan - Ural - the average Volga Center with the planned capacity reverse to 3-6 million kW.

OES of the Far East

In the territory of the Far East and the Far North, energy facilities located in Primorsky, Khabarovsk Territories, Amur, Kamchatka, Magadan, Sakhalin regions and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are working. Of these, power facilities located on

the territories of the Amur region, the Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territory and the South Yakut Energy Energy of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are combined with intersystem power lines of 500 and 220 kV, have a single mode of operation and form the ECO of the East.

OES of the East works isolated from UES of Russia, and her distinctive features are:

predominance in the structure of generating capacity of thermal power plants (more than 70% of the installed capacity) having a limited range of regulation;

limited possibilities of using the regulatory ranges of the Zea and Burea hydroelectric power station due to the need to ensure shipping on the Rivers of Zeya and Cupid;

the placement of the main generating sources in the north-western part, and the main areas of consumption - in the south-east of the OES;

one of the highest in the UES of Russia (almost 21%) the share of utility domestic consumption in power consumption;

extended power lines.

Communications of the UES of Russia with the Energy Systems of Foreign Countries

At the end of 2005, in parallel with the UES of Russia, the Energy Systems of Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Moldova and Mongolia worked. Through the power system of Kazakhstan, in parallel with the UES of Russia, the Energy Systems of Central Asia worked - Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan.

The structure of the internal and external relations of the UES of Russia is presented in Fig. 2.2.

The parallel work of the UES of Russia with the energy systems of neighboring countries gives real advantages associated with the combination of electrical loading and power reserves, and allows mutual exchange (export / import) of electricity between these power systems (see Section 3.4).

In addition, together with the UES of Russia through the devices of the Vyborg converter complex, the Finnish Energy System, which is included in the unification of the Scandinavian Energy Systems. Electric networks of Russia also carried out the power supply of the dedicated regions of Norway and China.

2.2. Operational dispatch management in the UES of Russia

OJSC "Co-CDU UES" - the highest organ of operational dispatch

Management of such a large synchronously working association, which is the UES of Russia, is a complex engineering task that does not have analogues in the world.

To solve it in Russia, a multi-level hierarchical system Operational dispatch control (see Section 1.1), including: System operator - Central Dispatch Management (hereinafter also also by CDU UES); seven territorial joint dispatching departments (ODU or Co-ODU) - in each of the seven OES; Regional dispatch management (RDA or SO-RDU); Points of control of power plants and enterprises of electrical networks; Operational and exit brigades.

Objectives and functions of OJSC Co-CDU UES

OJSC SO-CDU UES is carried out by centralized operational and technological management of the Unified Energy System of Russia.

The main tasks of OJSC Co-CDU UES are:

• ensuring systemic reliability in conditions of developing competitive relations in the electric power industry;
• ensuring compliance with the established technological parameters of the functioning of electric power industry and standard quality indicators of electrical energy;
• creation of conditions for the effective functioning of the electricity market (capacity) and ensuring the fulfillment of the obligations of electric power enterprises under contracts concluded on the wholesale electricity market and retail markets. OJSC SO-CDU UES performs the following functions within the framework of UES:
• forecasting and ensuring the balance of production and electricity consumption;
• planning and adoption of measures to ensure the necessary reserve capacity for loading and unloading power plants;
• operational management of current modes carried out by dispatcher personnel;
• use of automatic control of normal and emergency modes;
• implementation of safe operation, preventing development and elimination of emergency situations in the energy systems and the UES of Russia as a whole.

Strategic tasks for optimizing the modes of operation of the UES of Russia

In addition, the dispatching authorities with the participation of other infrastructure organizations of the electric power industry are solved by strategic objectives for optimizing the operations of the UES of Russia in the medium and long term, including:

prediction of power consumption and electricity and the development of power balances and electricity;

determination of bandwidth of the sections of the EEC Electrical Network;

optimization of energy use and capital repairs of generating equipment;

ensuring the implementation of the calculations of electrical modes, static and dynamic stability;

centralized management of technological modes of operation of devices and relay protection systems, automation and anti-emergency automation systems of intersystem and main system-forming power lines, tires, transformers and autotransformers of communication of the main voltage classes (performing the calculations of short circuit currents, selecting the parameters for setting relay protection devices and automation (PZA) and anti-emergency automation (PA));

distribution of operational-dispatch control equipment and power lines, preparation of operational technical documentation;

development of schemes and modes for the characteristic periods of the year (autumn-winter maximum, the flood period, etc.), as well as in connection with the introduction of new objects and the expansion of the composition parallel to working power systems;

coordination of graphs of repairs of the main equipment of power plants, power lines, substation equipment, RZ and PA devices;

the solution of the entire complex of issues of ensuring the reliability of power supply and quality of electricity, the implementation and improvement of the means of dispatching management and automatic modes management systems.

Automated control system control system

To solve the planning, operational and automatic control tasks, a developed computer automated control system (ASDU) is used, which represents the hierarchical network of dispatching data processing centers SO-CDU, CO-ODU and SO-RDA, interconnected and with power facilities (power plants, substations) Canal telemechanics and communications. Each dispatch center is equipped with a powerful computer system that provides real-time collecting, processing and displaying operational information on the parameters of the operation of the UES of Russia, the state of the electrical network and the main energy efficiency, allowing the dispatcher personnel of the relevant level of management to carry out operational control and management of the work of the UES of Russia, and Also solving the problems of planning and analyzing modes, monitoring the participation of power plants in the primary and secondary regulation of the electric current frequency.

Anti-emergency system automation system is the most important means of maintaining reliability and survivability of the UES of Russia

The most important means of maintaining reliability and survivability of the UES of Russia is a multi-level system of anti-emergency automation, which has no analogues in foreign electrotaging. This system prevents and localizes the development of system accidents by:

• automatic prevention of resistance disorders;
• automatic liquidation of asynchronous mode;
• automatic limit reduction and increase frequency;
• automatic limit reduction and increase voltage;
• automatic unloading equipment.

The devices of anti-emergency and regulatory automation are placed on power facilities (local complexes) and on dispatching centers of OJSC SO-CDU UES (centralized emergency response systems that ensure the coordination of the operation of local complexes).

Steps to further optimize the operational dispatch management system in the UES of Russia in the conditions of reforming the electric power industry in Russia

In the context of reforming and reorganization of the Aoenergo of the most important task of OAO Co-CDU UES, it is to maintain the functions of operational dispatch management, which requires the establishment of new technological relations with newly formed industry companies.

To this end, in 2005, an agreement was concluded between the system operator and OJSC FGC UES (by the Federal Networking Company, see Section 1) on the temporary preservation of the existing scheme of the operational dispatch management of the Unified National Electrical Network (ENEC) and the procedure for organizing a safe Production of work during the allocation of regional power grid companies and the transfer of UNEE facilities to the repair and operational services of the FGC.

Also in 2005, in the process of conducting work on the redistribution of functions of dispatching networks of UES of Russia, together with OJSC FGC UES, the main criteria for the classification of 110 kV VL and above to the dispatching objects were developed and coordinated.

The program of organizational and technical measures for receiving in dispatch control or dispatching management of the RDA 220 kV, equipment, equipment, PA devices, and dispatching systems (SDTU) networks related to ENA are prepared. In 2005, the system operator adopted in the dispatch control of 70 VL 220 kV.

As part of the optimization of the operational dispatch management system, the target organizational and functional model of the operational-dispatch control of the UES of Russia was developed and enacted. In accordance with this model, a pilot project of enlarging the operating zone of the branch of OJSC Co-CDU UES is a Smolensk RDA, which provides for the organization of the organization

onNo-technical measures to transfer the functions of operational-dispatch management of dispatching objects on the territory of the Bryansk and Kaluga regions of the branch of OJSC "CDA UES" - Smolensk RDA.

In 2005, work was carried out to optimize the transmission scheme of dispatching teams on energy facilities in the production of operational switching. Intermediate links are excluded from the control circuit of dispatching teams, which is a factor in improving the reliability of the management of the UES modes. As of December 31, 2005, out of 1514 VL 220 kV and above, which are in the dispatching management of dispatch centers of OJSC CO-CDU UES, a direct scheme for transmitting the "Dispatcher - Energy Process" commands for controlling 756 lines has been implemented (49.9% of Their total).

2.3. The main indicators of the work of the UES of Russia in 2005

Maximum load of power plants and maximum power consumed in UES of Russia and the Russian Federation

The annual maximum load of power plants of the UES of Russia was recorded at 18-00 December 27, 2005 and amounted to 137.4 thousand MW at an electric current frequency of 50.002 Hz. Annual maximum load of power plants of the Russian Federation reached 143.5 thousand MW.

The participation of the generating capacity of various types in the coverage of the load graph in the period of maximum loads is represented in Fig. 2.3 for December 2004 and 2005.

The maximum power consumption in the Russian Federation in 2005 amounted to 141.6 million kW (an increase by 2004 1.4%), under the EEC of Russia - 134.7 million kW (+ 1.7%), on the center of the Center - 36.2 million kW (+ 0.7%), according to the OES of the Middle Volga - 12.9 million kW (+ 0.7%), on the OES of the Urals - 33.4 million kW (+ 3.1% ), on the IES of the North-West - 13.3 million kW (+ 1.2%), on the Southern OES - 11.9 million kW (-0.6%), on Siberia OES - 29.5 million kW (+ 0.7%), according to the EEC East - 4.8 million kW (-0.3%).

Indicators of the actual frequency of electric current in the UES of Russia

The Unified Energy System of Russia In 2005, 100% of the calendar time worked with the regulatory frequency of electric current defined by GOST (see Fig. 2.4). In addition, in 2005, 100% of the time the electric current frequency in the energy project of the UES of Russia, the CIS and Baltic countries was maintained within the limits established by the Order of RAO UES of Russia from September 18, 2002 No. 524 "On improving the quality of electric current regulation in UES Russia and the standard of RAO UES of Russia, "Rules to prevent the development and elimination of violations of the normal regime of the electric part of the power system".

Weighing the conditions for regulating the variable part of the daily charts of the load in the European part of the UES of Russia - the trend of recent years

During 2005, the trend of recent years has remained

The peripheral of the daily charts of the load of consumers of the European part of Russia. This is especially characteristic of the daily flow charts of the OEC of the Center, the Middle Volga and the North-West. The conditions for covering the daily charts of the load of the listed OES and the European part of the Russian UES are largely dependent on the structure of generating capacity. At the same time, the overall adjusting range of the load of the EEC power plants is reduced due to the continued decline in the share of the COP share with cross-links due to aging and dismantling of this type of equipment, an increase in the installed power of the NPP, as well as a relatively small share of hydropower plants and the presence of only one Gaes In the structure of the generating capacity of the OES of the European part of the UES of Russia. In almost all OES, this led to the weighting of the conditions for regulating the variable part of the daily load charts, especially on weekends and holidays. The regulation of daily charts is ensured due to the deeper night unloading of power units of the TPP, as well as the stop of them to the reserve for weekends and holidays. On certain days of 2005, due to the insufficiency of the adjusting range, there was a need to partial unloading of power units of nuclear power plants up to the output to the reserve.

The large potential capabilities of the Siberian Siberian HPP in the regulation of the variable part of the load schedule of the UES of Russia continue to be used because of significant distances and weak electrical connections with adjacent OES.

Stability of the work of the UES of Russia and the main major technological disorders

In 2005, the Unified Energy System worked steadily.

The system reliability of the UES of Russia was provided, despite the presence of technological violations in the work of enterprises of the industry and power system.

Among the most significant violations can be noted as follows:

1) 25.05.2005, in the performance of a number of factors an accident occurred, the development of which led to a large number of consumers in Moscow, Moscow, Tula, Kaluga regions and the disconnection of a number of consumers in the Ryazan, Smolensk and Oryol regions with a total load of 3,500 MW;

2) 07/27/2005, under the conditions of the repair scheme as a result of the disconnection of the two 110 kV 110 kV and the subsequent disconnection due to the power sketch and the resistance of the action of the Alar two voltage of 220 kV, the Permskosakamsky energy journalism was released on isolated power deficit, short-term frequency reduction to 46.5 Hz and the dealers of consumers by the ACR action with a total load of 400 MW;

3) 07.08.2005, under the conditions of the repair scheme in a 220 kV network of the Kuban power system, there was a shutdown of 220 kV and 110 kV. Two-charted 220 kV lines of 220 kV and the remaining transit lines of 110 kV along the Black Sea coast of the overload protection were disconnected. In this case, Sochi Energy Energy with a load of 280 MW was de-energized;

4) in the period from September 16 to September 17, 2005 in the Western regions of the Chita region due to adverse weather conditions with a sharp decrease in the temperature of the outer air, the amplification of the wind to 30 m / s, the loss of heavy precipitation in the form of rain and wet snow with sticking and Numerous wire breaks with damage to the supports occurred on the wires and structures of the WP supports. As a result, there was a shutdown of four volts of 220 kV, which led to the allocation of the chita power system for incomplete operation and the repayment of the three substations of 220 kV with a dealers of settlements, traction transit substations and a failure in the movement of trains of the Trans-Baikal Railway;

5) From 18 to 20 November 2005, under adverse weather conditions (strong wind, wet snow), Mass shutdowns of VL 6-220 square meters took place at OJSC Lenenergo. As a result, the power supply of 218 settlements was violated, including the regional centers of MGA were completely de-energized (with a population of 9 thousand people), Vsevolozhsk (with a population of 43 thousand people), Kirovsk (with a population of 50 thousand people), Nikolskoye ( With a population of 17 thousand people.), Shlisselburg (with a population of 10 thousand people) with a load of 140 MW.

2.4. The main problems and disproportions in the functioning of the UES of Russia

The main problems of the UES of Russia

The presence in the European part of the UES of the high share of CHP and low maneuverable capabilities, the concentration of maneuverable TPPs and hydraulics in the URAL OES, the Middle Volga and Siberia causes a significant range of changes in power failures. Center - Medium Volga - Urals when covering consumption graphs. Increasing the transit bandwidth Center - the average Volga - Urals due to the construction of a number of lines of the system-forming 500 kV network will reduce the limitations on power transmission according to the main controlled sections, increase the reliability of the parallel work of the European and Urals of the Urals of Russia.

The task of improving the reliability of the Saratov-Balakovo power house and strengthening the power scheme of the Balakovo NPP capacity by increasing the transit of the Middle Volga transit is the South OEC.

The construction of new transit lines of the Ural - the average Volga will increase the reliability of the energy supply of the Southern Urals and the issuance of the capacity of the Balakovo NPP. It is also necessary to strengthen transits in the North-West Region of the UES of Russia and its connection with the OES of the Center at a voltage of 750 square meters. Network solutions will increase the coupling capacity of the North-West - the center and eliminate locked power in the Kola power system.

The main problems of the regions

Territory of Moscow and Moscow region

Power consumption growth in the region, limit loads in the distribution network 110 kV, limitation of power transmission from 500 kV network to a lower voltage network due to a lack of autotransformer links determine the need to strengthen the network of 220-110 kV, the construction of new and reconstruction of existing substations with an increase in their increasing transformer power, as well as input additional maneuverable capacities.

Territory of the Nizhny Novgorod region

Strengthening the network of 220 kV of the Nizhny Novgorod power system, the construction of maneuverable capacities will increase the reliability of the power supply of consumers during emergency shutdowns in a 500 square metering network.

Territory of Kaluga and Bryansk regions

Kaluga and Bryansk Energy Systems are deficit. Entering a new generating capacity with a reference to a 220 kV network will ensure reliable consumer power supply.

Territory of the Saratov region

It is limited to the issuance of power of the power unit No. 1 of the Balakovo NPP in repair schemes. The increase in the network of 500-220 kV of the Balakovo - Saratov site will increase the bandwidth of the links between the Saratov Energy System and the Middle Volga OES by 500-600 MW.

Territory of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region

Increasing the reliability of the power supply of the North of the Leningrad Region, St. Petersburg and electricity supplies to Finland due to high loading of intrasystems of 220-330 square meters. There are also restrictions on the issuance of the power of the Leningrad NPP in the repair schemes. Reconstruction of existing and construction of new power grid objects is necessary.

OES YUGA

To ensure reliable issuance of the power of the second power unit of Volgodonsk NPP, it is necessary to increase the capacity of the network of Rostov and Stavropol power systems, due to the construction of new lines of the system-forming network. Active consumption growth in the Kuban Energy System, the transfer of power into the scarce Astrakhan power system causes restrictions in intrasystem networks that can be eliminated by entering generating power generation facilities.

It requires an increase in the reliability of the interstate transit of the OES South - Azerbaijani power system, the power supply of consumers of the Dagestan power system and the Chechen Republic.

OES Urals

It is necessary to increase the capacity of connections with the UES of Russia of the Bereznikovsky-Solikamsky and Perm-Zabami Energy Energy Energy Systems, the Western and Northern Energy Energy Energy Systems, North, Noyabrsky, Kogalymsky, Neftugansky, Nizhnevartovsky Energy Energy, Tyumen Energy System, Kropachevo

Zlatoustovsky district of the Chelyabinsk Energy System, Serovo - theological District of the Sverdlovsk Energy System, Kirov Energy System.

High consumption growth rates (the development of metallurgical and aluminum industries, the development of the indoor urals) determine the need to increase network bandwidth and input new capacities.

To eliminate deficits in separate areas and the formation of a promising reserve, the power of generating capacity is needed on a number of sites of Tyumen, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk power system. Electric grid construction, installation of reactive power compensation tools.

OES Siberia

The active development of consumption in the presence of network restrictions is characterized by the work of the Tomsk Energy System and the Southern District of the Kuzbass Energy System. In these areas, generating power generation and power grid construction are needed.

OES East

It is limited to the issuance of the power of the Zeyskaya HPP and reduces the reliability of the power supply of consumers of the Trans-Siberian highway in the Amur Energy System. Insufficient reliability of power supply to consumers in Vladivostok and Nakhodka in Dalenergo. The presence of limitations of power transmission on the relationships of the Khabarovsk Energy System and Dalenergo, the issuance of the power of the Khabarovsk CHPP-3 leads to a decrease in the reliability of the power supply of Khabarovsk. There is a problem to ensure reliable power supply to consumers of the Soviet Energy Supervision. It is necessary to carry out the construction of a series of lines of the system-forming network, to reconstruct the existing and construction of new substations.

1 Under normal conditions, the section point is in Amurnergo, and when the power deficit in the "followenergo", the section of the section is transferred to "Childenergo".

2 26% of the total installed capacity in the Middle Volga OES and about 15% of the total installed power of hydroelectric power plants of the UES of Russia.

3 Northern synchronous zone (Nordel) is the energy facility of Northern Europe (Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland and Iceland). Western (continental) part of the Denmark power system works in parallel with the Western synchronous zone of UCTE, and Eastern - with Nordel, and Iceland's power system works autonomously.

4 by order of JSC RAO "UES of Russia" of January 30, 2006 No. 68 "On approval of the target organizational and functional model of the operational-dispatching department of the UES of Russia".

5 measures to optimize the functions of the operational-dispatch management in the ORD operating area are carried out on the basis of the order of OJSC SO-CDU UES dated December 26, 2005 No. 258/1.

6 is indicated by parallel working power systems of the combined power system.

7 Power plants on which all boilers work on a common collector of fresh steam from which all steam turbines eat.

8 Alar - automatics of the liquidation of asynchronous mode.

9 ACR - automatics of frequency unloading.

JSC "System Operator of the Unified Energy System", PJSC "Yakutskenergo" and a branch of PJSC "FGC UES" MES of the East successfully conducted a social experiment, which has proven the possibility of restoring the power supply of consumers of Central Energy (CER) of the Energy System of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) from the United Energy System (OES) of the East By transferring the partition point between them.

The experiment was carried out on the initiative of PJSC "Yakutskenergo" in coordination with the JSC "with UES" and by decision of the headquarters for ensuring the safety of the power supply of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The purpose of the experiment was the development of the actions of dispatch and operational personnel in the restoration of the power supply located on the right bank of the Lena Lenas River (districts) in the Central Energy Energy of the Yakut Energy System from the East OES in the Cable-Airline (QLL) of 220 kV Lower Kuranah - Maya.

Specialists of the branches of JSC "SO UES" Joint Management of the East East Energy System (ODU EAST), Regional Dispatching Department of the Amur Energy System (Amur RDA) with the participation of specialists of the Branch of JSC with UES Regional Dispatch Office of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) (Yakutskaya RDA) and PJSC " Yakutskenergo "has developed a program, the requirements for the parameters of the electric power regime of the EAST EAST and the CER of the Yakut Energy System are determined and circuit-mode conditions for the power supply of the CER from the OES of the East. Switching control was carried out on the teams of the Ampic RDA dispatch personnel and the Technological Department of PJSC Yakutskenergo.

During the last period of the experiment, the point of section between the OES of the East and the CER power system of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) was successfully transferred to the depths of the Central Energy Energy, as a result of which part of the Consumers of Yakutia received electricity from the OES of the East. The maximum instantaneous value of the magnitude of the power of the power reached 70 MW, in total consumers in the central part of Yakutia were transmitted over a million kWh of electricity.

"The results have confirmed the possibility of restoring the power supply of the zarekaya uluses in the Central Energy Energy System of the Yakut Energy System from the East OES in the event of accidents on the generating equipment of this energy building. Also during the experiment, data was obtained, the analysis of which will allow to develop measures to optimize the switching process and reducing the time of the power supply of consumers. When transferring the partition point between the CER and the East OES, "the director of management management was noted - the main dispatcher of ODU East Natalia Kuznetsova.

Currently, the Western and Central Energy Energy Energy Systems of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) with the total installed capacity of 1.5 GW power plants are functioning isolated from the UES of Russia and the operational dispatch management on their territory is carried out by PJSC Yakutskenergo. In 2016, as part of the preparation for the implementation of the operational dispatch management of the Energy Safety Energy System (Yakutia) as part of the Western and Central Energy Renewal and the organization of the accession of these energy items to the 2nd synchronous zone of the UES of Russia - OES of the East - a branch of JSC "SO EEC" Yakutsk RDA. The adoption of the functions of the operational-dispatch management in the territory of the Western and Central Energy Energy of the Yakut Energy System will be implemented after making the Government of the Russian Federation relevant changes in the regulatory documents and the exceptions of the Yakut power system from the list of isolated.

Rostekhnadzor issued an act of investigating the reasons for the system accident that occurred on August 1, 2017 in the United Eastern Energy System (OES of the East), an accident left without electricity over 1.7 million people in several regions of the Far Eastern Federal District.

All major participants in the events, dozens of signs of accident, technical circumstances, organizational disadvantages, cases of non-fulfillment of the dispatcher team and the facts of improper operation of equipment, design errors and violations of the requirements of regulatory legal acts, shows that the inconsistent functioning has become the only reason for what happened Elements of the power system. The same reason is based on most system accidents.

The line of 500 square meters under Khabarovsky was repaired, on August 1 at 22 local time there was a shutdown to the oversized (closure during the passage of oversized cargo under wires) of the 220 kV line of the Federal Network Company (FGC). Then there was a shutdown of the second LEP 220 kV. Cause - Incorrect setting of relay protection and automation (RZa), it did not take into account the possibility of working a power transmission with such a load. The disconnection of the second LEP 220 kV led to the separation of the OES of the East into two parts. After that, the automatics of power control on the RusHydro power station has incorrectly worked, which provoked the further development of the accident and its scale. The result is to disconnect several LPP, including those that lead to China.

- Protection worked, anti-emergency automation, a number of energy facilities failed. The parameters of the six stations have changed. The distribution networks were injured, "the representative of JSC" DV Distribution Network Company "Olga Amelchenko said" RG ".

As a result, the unified energy system of the South of the Far East was divided into two isolated parts: excessive and deficit. The shutdown occurred in that and in the other. In excessive, the protection of generating and power grid equipment was shown, and in the scarce - automatic frequency unloading.

The official cause of the incident was the "inconsistent functioning of the elements of the power system.

According to the act of investigation of Rostechnadzor, the main causes of the accident - "excessive work of relay protection devices, incorrect operation of automatic control systems of generating equipment, disadvantages of an algorithm used by the developer of the functioning of anti-emergency automation automation in a network of 220 kV, disadvantages of electric power grid equipment."

The happening of August 1 was not even an accident, but a series of accidents. In 2012, there were 78 system accidents, in the eight months of 2017 - only 29. Major accidents It became less, but, unfortunately, they became larger. In 2017, there were five such accidents with large-scale consequences - the separation of the power system on insulated parts, disconnecting a large amount of generation and mass termination of power supply.

The main problem is that the industry has no compulsory requirements for the parameters of the equipment and their agreed work in the composition of the Unified National Energy System. A certain critical mass has accumulated, which led to the latest large-scale accidents.

A minor problem, which could be eliminated in the shortest possible time, turned into a major incident with system-wide consequences. At each stage, the situation was exacerbated by incorrect actions of automation, designed and configured people. She reacted incorrectly.

One of the main reasons for accidents in the Russian Energy System Deputy Minister of Energy of the Russian Federation Andrei Vysov called the inconsistent operation of the equipment, actually did not relieve any regulatory framework, as a result it turned out that different equipment in the power system often works inconsistently.

The new "Code" of the operation of the electric power industry was not created after the completion of the industry reform. With the departure from the Arena RAO "UES of Russia" and the translation of the interaction of electric power enterprises to market relations, most of the normative acts of technological nature lost legitimacy, since they were issued by the orders of RAO.

Mandatory requirements for equipment prescribed in the documents of the Soviet era have long lost their legal status, besides, many of them are outdated morally and do not correspond to modern development Technologies.

Meanwhile, "Energy Subjects Since 2002, new devices have been massively introduced - new equipment was actively installed within the DPM, large-scale investment program was implemented, a large number of energy facilities were built. As a result, it turned out that different equipment in the power system is often inconsistent, "said Andrei Vysov.

- We have a lot of electricity entities, and the interaction between them must be regulated, and they, it turns out, act independently, - said immediately after the accident Deputy Minister of Energy of the Russian Federation Andrei Vysov.

Ensure the agreed work of the elements of the power system is capable of only the regulatory regulation of technological activities. And for this it is necessary to create a transparent and technically correct system are generally obligatory to the elements of the energy system and the actions of the subjects of the industry.

- There should be no autonomous functioning, because we work in a single power system, respectively, the Ministry of Energy of Russia intends to settle everything through regulatory acts, "Andrei Vyshov emphasized.

- It is necessary to create clear, understandable conditions - who is responsible for systemic, anti-emergency automation, for its functionality, installation.

The ministry has initiated work on improving the rules of investigation of accidents in terms of comprehensive systematization of the reasons, the creation of mechanisms for determining and implementing measures to prevent them. "These rules define exclusively technical requirements for equipment without limiting freedom in choosing a manufacturer. Also, this document does not spend time for reconfiguration or replacement of equipment, "said Andrei Vysov.

The Ministry of Energy of Russia organized the restoration of the system of compulsory requirements in the industry, which was not properly developed during the reform of the energy industry. The Federal Law of July 23, 2016 No. 196-FZ was adopted, which consolidated the powers of the Government of the Russian Federation or the federal executive authority to establish compulsory requirements for ensuring the reliability and safety of electric power systems and electric power facilities.

Currently developed and prepared for the adoption of dozens of regulatory legal acts and general-industry regulatory and technical documents in accordance with the plans approved at the Russian government level.

The President of the country in August instructed the Ministry of Energy to submit proposals to prevent the massive disclosure of power supply. One of the priority steps should be the adoption of the most important system document - the rules for the functioning of electric power systems. His project has already enacted for consideration by the Government of the Russian Federation. These generally binding rules will define the framework of regulatory framework - will establish key technological requirements for the operation of the power system and the objects included in it. In addition, the adoption of many specitizing regulatory and technical documents is already at the level of the Ministry of Energy.

The projects of many of them are designed and passed public discussion. A series of emergency events of recent years in the UES of Russia forces energy to hurry.

"One of the key tasks today is to send investments to optimizing the existing power system, and not in increasing the power system as an asset, which is not yet able to operate optimally," said Evgeny Grabchak at the International Forum for Energy Efficiency, the Director of Operational Control and Office Department of the Electric Power industry in Energy Efficiency. and the development of the energy "Russian Energy Week" (Moscow, St. Petersburg, 5 - 7.10.2017)

- taking a single coordinate system as a basis, unambiguously determining all the subjects and objects, describing their interaction, as well as learning to communicate in the same language, we can provide not only the horizontal and vertical integration of all information flows that rotate in the power industry, but also link decentralized centers Control with a single logic of the adoption by the regulator necessary corrective solutions. Thus, an evolutionary way toolkit will be created to model the achievement of the main state of the electric power state of the future, and it seems to us in the optimal cost of electricity unit - kilowatt at a given level of security and reliability, "Evgeny Grabchak explained.

In his opinion, in parallel, it will be possible to achieve additional advantages not only for the regulator and individual objects, but also for related companies and the state as a whole.

- Among these advantages, I note, first of all, the creation of new markets for service services, this is: prognostic modeling of the state of the power system and its individual elements; estimate of the life cycle; analytics of optimal technological processes; analytics of the system and its individual elements; Analytics for the development of new technologies and testing existing ones; Formation of a sectoral order for industry and an estimate of the profitability of the production of electrical and related products; Development of logistics services, asset management services, and much more. However, to implement these changes, in addition to the definition of a unified coordinate system, it is necessary to reverse the tendency of the introduction of advanced, but unique and non-integrated technologies with each other.

P.. S..

On October 2, Vitaly Sungurov, who previously held the post of adviser to the Director of the Development Director of the EEC JSC, previously held the post of advisor to the Office for the Development of the EEC JSC, previously held a number of regional dispatch offices, was appointed to the Office of the East Eastern Institute of East System operator.

From 2014 to 2017, Vitaly Leonidovich Sungurov was the director of the branches of the Udmurt RDA and the Perm RDA. During this period, Vitaly Sungurov took active participation In the process of structural optimization of the system operator. Under his leadership, a project to enlarge the operating area of \u200b\u200bthe Perm RDA, who adopted the function of the operational dispatch control of the electric power regime of the UES of Russia in the territory of the Udmurt Republic and the Kirov region was successfully implemented.

According to the results of the annual inspection, which took place from October 24 to October 26, the branch of JSC "SO UES" "Joint Dispatching Management of the East East Energy System" (ODU EAST) received a readiness passport for work in the autumn-winter period (OZP) 2017/2018.

The results of the emergency training confirmed the readiness of the system operator's dispatch personnel to effectively interact with the operational personnel of the electric power industry in the elimination of accidents, as well as ensuring the reliable operation of the unified energy system of the East in the autumn-winter period of 2017/2018.

One of the main conditions for obtaining a readiness passport to work in the OZP is to obtain readiness passports by all regional dispatch management (RDA) of the ODU of the Branch of the Branch of the AOC. All RDA operating zone of the East of the East during October successfully passed inspections and received readiness passports for work in OZP 2017/2018. Obtaining readiness passports by branches of JSC "S UES" ODU and RDU is a prerequisite for issuing a systemic operator of a readiness passport to work in the upcoming OZO

OES East - 50

Uniform

The decision to create the combined energy system of the East on the basis of the Power Systems of the Amur Region, the Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territory and the Jewish Autonomous Region (over time, the energy system of the southern part of Yakutia joined the East), the Ministry of Energy of the USSR was adopted. The same order for the number 55a created the operational-dispatch control (ODU) of the East, which is now a branch of JSC "System Operator UES". The path from the decision to the creation of the OES took two years - May 15, 1970, Amur and Khabarovsk Energy Systems were merged. And although the DFOs still have isolated power systems (in North of Yakutia, in the Magadan and Sakhalin regions, in Kamchatka and Chukotka, as well as the Nikolaev Energy Energy of the Khabarovsk Territory), since the East East has become the most important part of the energy industry. It includes power plants with a total set of 9.5 GW (as of January 1, 2018). The EECA of the East was associated with the Siberian OES of the three LPP 220 kV, and in 2015 they were first included on parallel synchronous work.

Rise above the place of interest

According to one of the previous leaders of the ODU East Sergey Officers, the development of the East East has not always been smooth - in particular, the town interests prevented. "For example, the leadership of the Amur region at one time was not interested in the construction of the LEP in the Khabarovsk Territory, since a powerful source appeared on its territory - Zeyskaya HPP. The leadership of the Khabarovsk Territory negatively related to the construction of the Burea hydroelectric station, considering it necessary to build power facilities only on the territory of the region and only those that are closed on their own consumer, "recalls Sergey Friends.

However, the crises of power supply (Amur region - 1971-1973; Khabarovsk region - 1981-1986; Primorsky Krai - 1998-2001) pushed the regions and their leaders to combine efforts. We needed powerful LEPs between generating facilities and main consumption centers. The first focused in the West of the region (Zeyskaya and Bureyskaya HPP, Neryungrin GRES), the second - in the south-east (in Primorye and Khabarovsk).

Further more

Last years The electricity consumption of the EAST EAST and the power system of the subjects of the Federation is growing markedly, from time to time updating historical maxima. The OES of the East has a thickness of power, allowing, for example, the export of electricity to the neighboring PRC, but to avoid problems in the near future, new generating facilities are needed, and further development of networks.

In this direction, much is done. The second queue of the Annunciation CHP is already working (additional installed electrical power - 120 MW, thermal - 188 Gcal / h). At the third quarter of 2018, a start-up in Vladivostok CHP "Eastern" (installed electric power will be 139.5 MW, thermal - 421 Gcal / h; the station will provide heat and hot water more than 300 thousand consumers of the city). The following year, a new CHP current should give a current in the city of Soviet harbor (installed electric power will be 120 MW, thermal - 200 Gcal / h).

Last summer in the east of the country there was a bright event, which with full right can be called significant for the entire industry. Without a special pump, but for the first time in history, the combined power system of the East was included on the parallel synchronous work with the combined power system of Siberia, and therefore western part Unified Energy System of Russia.
It should be clarified that the UES of Russia includes two synchronous zones. The first includes six parallel working united power systems (OES) - North-West, Center, South, Middle Volga, Urals and Siberia. In the second - only one-only OES of the East. It unites the Power Systems of the Amur Region, Primorsky Krai, Khabarovsk Territory and EAO, as well as South Yakut Energy Energy. Electrical ties between the energy systems of Siberia and the Far East exist since the mid-1980s - these are three lines of 220 kV along the Trans-Siberian and Baikal Amur Highways (The first, albeit with a very small advance, there was a connection along the Bam). However, the very fact of the existence of lines is one thing, and a long-term parallel work on them is completely different. The latter is simply impossible due to the insufficient bandwidth of the lines, which were not built as intersystem bonds, but only for the power supply of the railway and nearby settlements. Thus, the EECA of the East works isolated from the first synchronous zone of the UES of Russia - the binding lines are open on one of the substations in the territory Transbaikal region. East of this section of the consumers (first of all, Transbaikalskaya railway) Get meals from the East OES, and to the West - from Siberia OES.

Dispatcher item ORD East. Latest preparations for the first experience of parallel operation of both synchronous UES of Russia

The point of the section between synchronous zones is not static. Dozens of times a year, it is transferred with one traction substation to another - from Holbon to Skovorodino. This is done mainly to ensure repairs - both planned and emergency - lines, substations, etc. In practice, the transfer point of the section is conjugate with the need for a short-term disconnection of consumer-driven from intersystem lines and, of course, causes inconvenience. The most unpleasant effect is a forced break in the movement of trains along the Trans-Baikal section of the Trans-Siberian Railway on the distillation between several traction substations. Its duration, as a rule, ranges from 30 minutes to two hours. And if only a cargo message usually suffers from planned transfers of the section point of the section, then passenger compounds are stopped at emergency transfers.
At the end of July and in August, the system operator (OJSC "S UES"), whose main function is the implementation of a centralized operational dispatch management in the UES of Russia, together with the Federal Networking Company (PJSC "FGC UES") conducted tests on the transfer of the partition point without paying Load. For this, a short time was organized parallel synchronous (that is, with a single frequency of electric current) the work of the East East and the OES Siberia.

Dispatcher workplace

First of all, the tests were to confirm the possibility of short-term parallel operation of the power system on the extended - more than 1,300 kilometers - 220 kV lines, which have never been intended for such purposes and therefore are not equipped with appropriate equipment: regime and emergency automation systems. The complexity of the task was determined by the fact that such tests were conducted in Russia for the first time; I am expressed by a high language, then there was a step in the unknown.
The synchronization point of both OES in the process of testing was a 220 kV substation MO MOGO, the sectional switches of which during the recent reconstruction were equipped with setting and control devices for synchronism (and more specifically the ARS of USS (COP). To set their settings, the specialists of the system operator were determined by the permissible synchronous inclusion angle. and permissible frequency difference in the East of the East and the OES of Siberia. The limits on static and dynamic stability were also calculated. In addition, since the lines are not equipped with the automatic liquidation of asynchronous mode (Alar), a temporary current cut-off on the MOGOC substation was organized. Transient monitoring records were involved MODES (SMPR) at the Kharanora GRES in the Trans-Baikal Territory, additionally, such devices were installed on substations MOGOV and Skovorodino. Slightly explaining: SMPR registrars are designed to collect real-time information on the parameters of the power generating power system.
The fact is that in itself the parallel inclusion was a simpler task than ensuring the subsequent parallel work. The above section switch turned on automatically by a command from the synchronization device, when the frequency difference and angle between the Siberian OES voltage vectors and the Siberian OES turned out to be in the permissible range. But to support the new mode of joint work of two huge energy facilities, so that they are not emergency to be divided, it was more difficult. During a series of experiments, the regime management was carried out by regulating the active power flow between the East OES and Siberian OES by a value of 20 to 120 MW. Regulation of the magnitude of the flow and frequency in the connected power systems was carried out using a centralized system of automatic frequency control and strengths of power (CA ARCHM) of the East of the East, to which the Zeyskaya and Bureyskaya HPP are connected, and the dispatching staff of the ODU EAST (branch of the system operator) from the control center in Khabarovsk . The most valuable information necessary to determine the characteristics and regimening conditions of the parallel operation of the OES of the East and the OES of Siberia, in real time fixed by the SRPR registrars and the means of the operational information complex of JSC SO UES.
The total duration of the time of the joint work of power facilities in nine experiments exceeded three hours. Successfully conducted tests not only proved the possibility of a short-term parallel work of the united power systems of the East and Siberia, but also allowed experimentally to determine the optimal settings for setting the CA Archm OES of the East, and also gave data to develop an event to improve the reliability of the work of the power system.

Historical Moment - on the dispatching shield for the first time the power flows between the OES of the East and the OES of Siberia is displayed through the switch turned on at a 220 kV substation.

The results obtained and positive experience provide an opportunity in the future to significantly increase the reliability of consumer power supply by short-term inclusion on the parallel operation of the East OES and Siberian OES each time the partition points are transferred. In this case, the nutrition of all consumers connected to the intersystem power lines along the Trans-Siberian highway in the eastern Trans-Baikal Territory, there will be no interruption - consumers will not even notice the moment of switching.
However, the success of the tests does not mean instant, as in managing the magic wand, changes in the situation with a short-term consumer repayment. To do this, it is still to be equipped with synchronization devices Section switches on Russian Railways of twenty-two substations 220 kV traction transit Yerofee Pavlovich - Mogoca - Holbon. The question of the need for such work was raised at a meeting of the Government Commission for the Safety of Power Supplies in the DFO, held on September 5 in Vladivostok. As a result of Russian Railways, an instruction was received to develop and approve the action plan, which includes the installation of synchronization devices on section switches to carry out the transfer point between the OES of the East and the UES of Russia without paying off the load.

Technologists are followed by testing. Left - Head of Test Director for Management Management is the main dispatcher of ODU East Natalia Kuznetsova. On the workplaces of dispatchers - Senior dispatcher Sergey Solomenny and dispatcher Oleg Stetsenko

Anyway, the summer operator and FGC, which was held in the summer, was not only a unique experiment on the parallel operation of both synchronous UES of Russia, but also created practical prerequisites for the fundamental increase in the reliability of the power supply to the Trans-Siberian Railway and other consumers in the eastern part of the Trans-Baikal Territory.