Morphological parsing of the word targeted. Morphological analysis of the word "targeted

Morphological analysis often causes difficulties for schoolchildren, which are associated with the fact that some parts of speech (for example, an adverb, a preposition, a union) are studied for an insufficient amount of time, and after studying them, tasks for determining various grammatical features are rare. This leads to the fact that students do not retain in their memory all the morphological characteristics of these parts of speech, therefore, the corresponding analysis causes difficulties.

I propose to issue reference schemes - plans for the analysis of parts of speech, and such a plan can be drawn up by the students themselves, adding complex (at their discretion) material to them. For example, for someone, the complexity of the criteria by which nouns are distributed according to declensions, for someone, the concept of the mood of a verb is difficult.

Through repeated reference to these blanks, not only stronger knowledge is acquired, but also the skill of performing this type of analysis is developed.

I recommend to my students to create special folders with this kind of materials and store one copy (whole, uncut) there, and always carry the other copy with them (for example, in a textbook) cut into cards. The teacher can simulate the parsing plan at his own discretion, adding or removing any supporting material. I propose a more complete version of such cards, which also includes such parts of speech as the word of the category of state and onomatopoeic words, which are not distinguished by all linguists as independent parts of speech.

I. Part of speech - n. answers the question “ WHAT?”(Case question) and designation. ITEM.

N. f. - ... ( I. p., Unit h)

II. Persistent signs:

• own or common noun,
• animate ( V. p. plural = R. p. plural) or inanimate ( V. p. plural = I. p. plural),
• gender (male, female, middle, general (referring to both m. and f. sex: crybaby), outside the gender category (noun, not having a singular form: scissors)),
• declination ( 1st(m., f. -a, -ya); 2nd(m, cf. -, -o, -e); 3rd(f. -); divergent(on –my, way);

adjective (like adjectives), indestructible ( do not change in cases and numbers ) ,

Irregular signs: I. Who? What? IN. Whom? What?

• among ( units, pl.), R. Whom? What? T. By whom? How?
• in ... case ( I, R, D, V, T, P). D. To whom? What? NS. About whom? About what?

III. Syntactic role (set semantic question and underline as a member of the sentence).

I. Part of speech - adj. answers the question “ WHICH?”And means SIGN OF THE SUBJECT.

N.F. - ... ( I.p., ed. h., m. r.)

II. Persistent signs:

Qualitative (maybe more or less) / relative (cannot be more or less) / possessive (denotes belonging to someone).

Irregular signs:

• in the degree of comparison (for quality);
• in full ( which?) or short ( what?) form,
• in ... case (for complete forms),
• in ... number (singular, plural),
• in ... kind (for the only one numbers).

I. Part of speech - ch., Tk. answers the question “ WHAT TO DO?”And means ACTION OF THE SUBJECT.

N.F. - ... ( infinitive: what's up be? what have you done be?)

II. Persistent signs:

• view (perfect (what with to do?) or imperfect (what to do?)),
• conjugation ( I(eat, em, eat, eat, u / u), II(see, it, im, it, at / yat), multi-conjugate(want, run)),
• returnable (there is -sya, -s.) / irrevocable (no -sya, -s.),
• transitional (used from noun in V. p. without an excuse) / intransitive ( not used with a noun in V. p. without an excuse).

Irregular signs:

• in ... mood ( indicative: what have you been doing? what is he doing? what will he do? , imperative: what do you do ?, conditional: what have you been doing would? What did you do would?),
• in ... time (for the indicative mood: past (what did he do?), present (what he does?), future (what will he do? what will he do?)),
• in ... number (singular, plural),
• in ... face (for present, bud. time: 1L.(I, we) 2 p.(you you), 3 l.(he, they)); in ... kind (for last time unit).

Verbs in an indefinite form (infinitive) have no inconsistent signs, since INFINITIVE is an unchangeable form of a word.

III. Syntactic role (ask a question and underline as a member of a sentence).

I. Part of speech - numerical, because it answers the question “ HOW MUCH?" (or " WHICH THE?”) And means AMOUNT items (or ORDER items WHEN COUNTING).

N.F. -… (I. p. Or I. p., Singular, m.r.).

II. Persistent signs:

• category by structure (simple / complex / composite),
• rank by value ( quantitative+ subdivision (actually quantitative / fractional / collective) / ordinal),
• declension features:

– 1,2,3,4, collective and ordinal num. how is it adj.
– 5–20, 30 skl-sya, as n. 3 skl.
– 40, 90, 100, one and a half, one and a half hundred with declination have 2 shapes.
– thousand as noun 1 sq.
– million, billion as noun 2 skl.
– complex and composite quantitative with change each part words.
– complex and compound ordinal numerals with a change only the last words.

Irregular signs:

• case,
• number (if any),
• genus (singular, if any).

III. Syntactic role (along with the noun to which it belongs) with the indication of the main word.

5. Morphological analysis of the PRONOUNDS.

I. Part of speech - local, tk. answers the question “WHO? WHAT?" (WHAT? WHAT? HOW MANY? WHICH?) And does not mean, but indicates an SUBJECT (SIGN or QUANTITY).

N.F. - ... (I. p. (If any) or I. p., Singular, l.)

II. Persistent signs:

• category in relation to other parts of speech ( places. -existing, local-adj., local. -number.)
• rank by value with proof:
  – personal since decree. on the face;
  – returnable since an indication to return the action to oneself;
  – possessive since decree. for belonging;
  – interrogative since decree. to the question;
  – relative since decree. on the relationship of simple sentences. as part of a complex;
  – undefined since decree. for indefinite items, admission, quantity,
  – negative, because the decree. for the absence of items, admission, count;
  – determinative since decree. on a generalized attribute of an object.
• face (for personal).

Irregular signs:

• case,
• number (if any),
• genus (if any).

III. Syntactic role (ask a question from the main word and underline as a member of the sentence).

I. Part of speech - Nar., Tk. answer to the question "HOW?"(WHEN? WHERE? WHY? etc.) and denotes SYMPTOM SYMPTOM.

N.F. - indicate only if the adverb is in the degree of comparison.

II. Persistent signs:

• An unchangeable part of speech.
• Order by value: modus operandi(how?) - measures and degrees(how much? to what extent?)
  places(where? where? from where?) - time(when? how long?)
  causes(why?) - goals(Why? What for?)

(Indicate, if the adverb is a pronominal type, its form: determinative, personal, indicative, interrogative, relative, indefinite, negative.)

Variable features: in ... form ... degree of comparison (if any).

III. Syntactic role.

7. Morphological analysis of the STATE CATEGORY WORD.

I. Part of speech - SCS, tk. denotes CONDITION man, nature , ASSESSMENT OF ACTION and answers two questions at once: "HOW?" and "WHAT?"

The rest of the items like an adverb, except for the digits by value, which are not distinguished from the SCS.

I. Part of speech - also. otv. on the question. "WHICH?" and “WHAT IS THE DOOR? WHAT DID YOU DO? " and designation SIGN OF AN OBJECT ON ACTION.

N.F. - ... (I., unit, m.).

II. Persistent signs:

• real (-usch-, -uch-, -shch-, -ych-; -vsh-, -sh-) or passive (-em-, -om-, -im-; -enn-, -nn-, - T-).
• view (SV - what with who did? NSV - what did you do?).
• return (return - there is, irrevocable - no -sya).
• time (present: -usch-, -uch-, -asch-, -ych-, -em-, -om-, -im-; past: -vsh-, -sh-, -enn-, -nn-, -T-).

Irregular signs:

• full or short form(only for the passive).
• case (only for full participles).
• number (singular, pl).
• genus (only for pits in singular).

III. Syntactic role (usually a definition or a predicate).

I. Part of speech - deutsch., Because answers to the question. "HOW?" and “DOING WHAT? WHAT HAVE YOU DONE? " and denoted additional action.

II. Persistent signs:

• An unchangeable part of speech.
• View (SV - what with doing? / НСВ - what to do?).
• Return (return - there is, unreturn. - no -sya).

III. Syntactic role (often a circumstance).

I. Part of speech is a preposition, because serves to connect the main word ... with the addict ...

II. Signs:

• Simple (from one word: from, to) / compound (from several words: within, due to).
• Derivative (moved from another part of speech: around) / non-derivative ( from, to, about…).
• An unchangeable part of speech.

11. Morphological analysis of the UNION.

I, Part of speech - union, tk. serves to connect homogeneous members of the sentence or simple parts in a complex sentence.

II. Signs:

• Simple (from one word: and, but, but ...) / compound (from several words: because…).
• Writing (connect the OP or PP as part of the SSP: and, too, or, however ...) + group by value (connecting: and; adversaries: but; dividing: or). Subordinate (bind the PP as part of the SPP: because, since, so that, as if ...) + group by value ( explanatory: what, temporary: when, conditional: if, causal: because, target: to, investigative: so; concessive: despite the fact that though; comparative: as if)
• An unchangeable part of speech.

I. Part of speech is a particle, because ... gives additional shades(which ones: interrogative, exclamation, demonstrative, amplifying, negative ) words or sentences or serves to form word forms(which ones: moods, degrees of comparison ).

II. Signs:

• Rank by value: (formative: more, let it be .../ semantic: really, here, exactly ...).
• An unchangeable part of speech.

III. Is not a member of the proposal, but can be a member of it.

13/14. Morphological analysis of INTERDOMETIA / SOUND WORD.

I. Part of speech - int. or a star / p. word, because expresses various feelings or motivation for action / convey sounds of animate or inanimate nature.

II. Signs: unchangeable part of speech; derivative / non-derivative.

III. Not a member of the offer.

1. Independent parts of speech:

• nouns (see. morphological norms noun);
• Verbs:
• • participles;
  • gerunds;
• adjectives;
• numerals;
• pronouns;
• adverbs;

2. Service parts of speech:

• prepositions;
• unions;
• particles;

3. Interjections.

None of the classifications (according to the morphological system) of the Russian language fall into:

• words yes and no, if they act as an independent sentence.
• introductory words: so, by the way, total, as a separate sentence, as well as a number of other words.

Morphological analysis of a noun

• initial form in the nominative, singular (except for nouns used only in plural: scissors, etc.);
• own or common noun;
• animate or inanimate;
• genus (m, f, cf.);
• number (singular, plural);
• declination;
• case;
• syntactic role in the sentence.

Plan for morphological parsing of a noun

"The kid is drinking milk."

Kid (answers the question who?) - noun;

• initial form - baby;
• permanent morphological signs: animate, common noun, concrete, masculine, 1st declension;
• inconsistent morphological features: nominative, singular;
• at parsing sentences plays the role of a subject.

Morphological analysis of the word "milk" (answers the question of whom? What?).

• initial form - milk;
• constant morphological characteristic of the word: neuter, inanimate, material, common noun, II declension;
• morphological changeable signs: accusative case, singular;
• there is a direct addition in the sentence.

Here is another example of how to make morphological analysis noun, based on a literary source:

"Two ladies ran up to Luzhin and helped him to get up. He began to knock the dust off his coat with his palm. (Example from" Luzhin's Defense ", Vladimir Nabokov)."

Ladies (who?) - noun;

• initial form - lady;
• constant morphological signs: common noun, animate, specific, female, I declension;
• fickle morphological noun characteristics: singular, genitive;
• syntactic role: part of the subject.

Luzhin (to whom?) Is a noun;

• initial form - Luzhin;
• faithful morphological characteristic of the word: proper name, animated, concrete, masculine, mixed declension;
• inconsistent morphological features of a noun: singular, dative;

Palm (what?) - noun;

• initial form - palm;
• constant morphological signs: feminine, inanimate, common noun, specific, I declension;
• inconsistent morpho. signs: singular, instrumental;
• syntactic role in context: addition.

Dust (what?) Is a noun;

• initial form - dust;
• main morphological features: common noun, real, feminine, singular, animate not characterized, III declension (noun with a zero ending);
• fickle morphological characteristic of the word: accusative case;
• syntactic role: addition.

(c) Coat (From what?) - noun;

• initial form - coat;
• constant correct morphological characteristic of the word: inanimate, common noun, concrete, neuter, non-declining;
• morphological signs are unstable: the number cannot be determined by the context, the genitive case;
• syntactic role as a member of a sentence: addition.

Morphological analysis of the adjective

An adjective is a significant part of speech. Answers the questions Which one? Which? Which? Which? and characterizes the signs or qualities of the subject. Table of morphological features of the adjective name:

• initial nominative, singular, masculine;
• constant morphological features of adjectives:
• • discharge, according to the value:
  • • - high quality (warm, silent);
    • - relative (yesterday's, reading);
    • - possessive (hare, mother's);
  • the degree of comparison (for quality ones, for which this feature is constant);
  • full / short form (for quality ones, for which this feature is permanent);
• inconsistent morphological features of the adjective:
• • qualitative adjectives vary in degree of comparison (in comparative degrees simple form, in excellent - complex): beautiful, more beautiful, the most beautiful;
  • full or short form (only qualitative adjectives);
  • gender trait (only in the singular);
  • number (consistent with a noun);
  • case (consistent with a noun);
• syntactic role in a sentence: an adjective is a definition or part of a compound nominal predicate.

Plan of morphological parsing of an adjective

Sample sentence:

The full moon rose over the city.

Full (what?) - adjective;

• initial form - full;
• constant morphological signs of an adjective: qualitative, full form;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics: in a positive (zero) degree of comparison, feminine (consistent with a noun), nominative;
• on parsing - a minor member of the sentence, serves as a definition.

Here is another whole literary passage and morphological analysis of the adjective, with examples:

The girl was beautiful: slender, thin, blue eyes, like two amazing sapphires, and looked into your soul.

Beautiful (what?) Is an adjective;

• initial form - fine (in this meaning);
• constant morphological norms: qualitative, short;
• fickle signs: positive comparison, singular, feminine;

Slender (what?) - an adjective;

• the initial form is slender;
• permanent morphological features: qualitative, complete;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics of the word: full, positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine, nominative;
• syntactic role in a sentence: part of the predicate.

Slim (what?) - an adjective;

• initial form - thin;
• morphological constant features: qualitative, complete;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics of the adjective: positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine, nominative;
• syntactic role: part of the predicate.

Blue (what?) - an adjective;

• the initial form is blue;
• table of permanent morphological features of an adjective: qualitative;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics: full, positive degree of comparison, plural, nominative;
• syntactic role: definition.

Amazing (what?) - an adjective;

• the initial form is amazing;
• constant signs in morphology: relative, expressive;
• inconsistent morphological features: plural, genitive;
• syntactic role in a sentence: part of the circumstance.

Morphological features of the verb

According to the morphology of the Russian language, a verb is independent part speech. It can denote an action (walking), a property (limping), an attitude (equal), a state (rejoicing), a sign (whitening, showing off) of an object. Verbs answer the question what to do? what to do? what is he doing? what have you been doing? or what will he do? Different groups of verb word forms are characterized by heterogeneous morphological characteristics and grammatical features.

Morphological forms of verbs:

• the initial form of the verb is the infinitive. It is also called the indefinite or unchangeable form of the verb. There are no inconsistent morphological signs;
• conjugated (personal and impersonal) forms;
• non-conjugated forms: participles and participles.

Morphological analysis of the verb

• initial form - infinitive;
• constant morphological features of the verb:
• • transitivity:
  • • transitive (used with accusative nouns without a preposition);
    • intransitive (not used with a noun in the accusative case without a preposition);
  • return:
  • • returnable (there is -sya, -s);
    • irrevocable (no-sya, -s);
  • • imperfect (what to do?);
    • perfect (what to do?);
  • conjugation:
  • • I conjugation (do-eat, do-do, do-do, do-do, do-do / ut);
    • II conjugation (one hundred-ish, one hundred-it, one-one, one-one, one hundred-one / at);
    • multi-conjugate verbs (want, run);
• inconsistent morphological signs of the verb:
• • mood:
  • • indicative: what did you do? What did you do? what is he doing? what will he do ?;
    • conditional: what would you do? what would you do?;
    • imperative: do it !;
  • tense (in the indicative mood: past / present / future);
  • person (in the present / future tense, indicative and imperative mood: 1 person: me / we, 2 person: you / you, 3 person: he / they);
  • gender (in the past tense, singular, indicative and conditional mood);
  • number;
• syntactic role in the sentence. The infinitive can be any member of a sentence:
• • predicate: To be a holiday today;
  • subjects: Learning is always useful;
  • addition: All the guests asked her to dance;
  • definition: He has an irresistible desire to eat;
  • circumstance: I went out for a walk.

Morphological parsing of the verb example

To understand the scheme, we will conduct a written analysis of the morphology of the verb using the example of a sentence:

Somehow God sent the crow a piece of cheese ... (fable, I. Krylov)

Sent (what did you do?) - part of speech is a verb;

• initial form - send;
• permanent morphological features: perfect appearance, transitional, 1st conjugation;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics of the verb: indicative, past tense, masculine, singular;

The following online sample of morphological parsing of a verb in a sentence:

What a silence, listen.

Listen (what do you do?) - verb;

• the initial form is to listen;
• morphological constant features: perfect form, intransitive, recurrent, 1st conjugation;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics of the word: imperative mood, plural, 2nd person;
• syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.

A plan for morphological parsing of a verb online for free, based on an example from a whole paragraph:

He needs to be warned.

Don't, let him know another time how to break the rules.

What are the rules?

Wait, then I'll tell you. Has entered! ("The Golden Calf", I. Ilf)

Warn (what to do?) - verb;

• initial form - warn;
• morphological signs of the verb are constant: perfect form, transitive, irreversible, 1st conjugation;
• inconsistent morphology of a part of speech: infinitive;
• syntax function in sentence: component predicate.

Let him know (what is he doing?) - part of speech is a verb;

• the initial form is to know;
• inconsistent verb morphology: imperative, singular, 3rd person;
• syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.

Violate (what to do?) - the word is a verb;

• the initial form is to break;
• permanent morphological signs: imperfect appearance, irreversible, transitional, 1st conjugation;
• non-permanent signs of the verb: infinitive (initial form);
• syntactic role in context: part of the predicate.

Wait (what to do?) - part of speech is a verb;

• the initial form is to wait;
• permanent morphological features: perfect appearance, irreversible, transitional, 1st conjugation;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics of the verb: imperative mood, plural, 2nd person;
• syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.

Came in (what did you do?) - verb;

• initial form - enter;
• permanent morphological features: perfect appearance, irreversible, intransitive, 1st conjugation;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics of the verb: past tense, indicative mood, singular, masculine;
• syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.

It is a complete grammatical description of the given word. In this case, words are considered in the context of a sentence, their original structure is restored and analyzed. To do the correct morphological analysis of parts of speech, you must be able to determine the initial form of words, know their constant and variable and understand words in a sentence.

Parsing schemes for words in a sentence differ significantly from each other, since they depend on the features of this part of speech and the form in which the word stands in this sentence. The very plan of morphological analysis may vary depending on the age of the students. Therefore, below we give plans for the analysis of individual parts of speech for students in grades 4-5.

Morphological analysis of a noun:

1. Define find total value which question does this word answer.

2. Determine the initial form (put the word in the singular nominative case).

3. Indicate the signs: proper noun or common noun, animate - inanimate.

4. Determine gender (feminine - masculine - neuter), declension, case, number (singular - plural).

5. Indicate which member of the sentence the given noun is.

Word parsing pattern "Foxes" in a sentence "Fox cubs ran after the butterfly".

Oral analysis: Fox cubs are a noun. It denotes a living being (who?) - foxes. Initial form- fox cub. It is a common noun, animate, masculine, 2nd declension. In this case, the word was used in the nominative case, in the plural. The word "foxes" in the sentence is the subject.

Written analysis:

Fox cubs - noun

(Who?) - foxes;

N. f. (initial form) - fox cub;

Narits., Anim., Husband. genus;

2nd slope .;

in names. pad., plural. number;

play (who?) - foxes - subject.

Morphological analysis of the adjective

2. Put in the initial form (in the singular masculine nominative.

3. Determine the gender of the adjective, its case and number.

4. Indicate which member of the sentence this adjective is.

Word parsing pattern "hardworking" in a sentence "A hardworking squirrel stores nuts for the winter."

Oral analysis: Hardworking (squirrel) is an adjective. Squirrel (what?) - hardworking. Indicates a feature of an item. The initial form is hardworking. The word was used in the feminine, singular, nominative. In this sentence, the word “hardworking” is a definition.

Written analysis:

Hardworking (squirrel) - adj.;

N.F. - hardworking;

Female. genus, unity. number, name. case;

Which? - hardworking - definition.

Morphological analysis of the numeral:

1. Determine the part of speech, find the general meaning, to which question this word answers.

2. Put the number in the initial form - in the nominative case.

3. Identify the signs: simple - compound numeral, quantitative - ordinal, in which case it stands.

4. What member of the sentence is the given number.

Word parsing pattern "five" in a sentence "Five gaggers want to eat."

Oral analysis:"Five" is a numeral. The word denotes the number of chicks (how many?) - five. The initial form is five. Simple, quantitative. The word was used in the nominative case. In this sentence, the word "five" is part of the subject.

Written analysis:

Five - number: chirping (how many?) - five;

N.F. - five;

Simple, quant., Eminent. case;

(Who?) - five chimes - part of the subject.

Morphological analysis of the pronoun:

1. Determine the part of speech, find the general meaning, to which question this word answers.

2. Put in the initial form (ie in the nominative singular).

3. Determine the signs: person, then (if any) - gender and number, determine the case.

4. What member of the sentence is the given pronoun.

An example of parsing the word "me" in the sentence "I didn't have a whole summer."

Oral analysis:"Me" is a pronoun. Indicates an object (to whom?) - to me. The initial form is "I". Personal pronoun, 1st person. The word was used in the dative singular. In this sentence, the word "me" is an addition.

Written analysis:

I - pronoun .:

(To whom?) - to me;

N.F. - I;

Personal;

Datal. case, unity. number;

To whom? - for me - an addition.

Morphological analysis of the verb

1. Determine the part of speech, find the general meaning, to which question this word answers.

2. Put in indefinite (initial) form.

3. Determine the signs: conjugation, number, if any - time, person, gender;

4. Which member of the sentence is the given verb.

Word parsing pattern "Flared up" in a sentence "The first ray of dawn flashed."

Oral analysis:"Flared up" is a verb. Indicates an action (what did you do?) - flashed.

Initial form is flash, 1st conjugation. The word was used in the singular, in the 3rd person. In this sentence, the word "flared" is a predicate.

Written analysis:

Flared up - a verb;

(what did you do?) - flushed;

N.F. - flare up;

1 conjugation, singular number, 3rd person.

What did you do? - flashed - predicate.

Morphological parsing of an adverb:

1. Part of speech, general meaning.

2. An immutable word.

3. Member of the proposal.

Word parsing pattern "fast" in a sentence "Dark clouds ran quickly across the sky."

Oral analysis:"Fast" is an adverb. Indicates a sign of action: ran (how?) - quickly. An immutable word. The sentence is a circumstance.

Written analysis:

Fast - adverb;

We ran (how?) Fast;

a sign of action, not measurable;

How? - quickly - a circumstance.