Cassiopeia is the most interesting constellation of northern latitudes. This is a modest, at first glance, the combination of stars consists of 90 celestial luminaries. They can be seen simply looking at the sky, of course, in the presence of good vision and the absence of urban illumination.

Legend of Cassiopee

The most common version of the legend says that the Ethiopian Queen named Cassiopeia was extremely proud of his beauty. She was so wiser that began to compare herself with the younger goddess, daughters of Poseidon, and mock them. Marine God heard the bold speeches and angry. The victim of anger was the whole country, since the sea around the shores embraced storms, a flood hit the fields, and the ships began to devour a huge whale.

To save their people, Kefye's ruler had to sacrifice Andromeda's native daughter, although she subsequently saved Perseus. And the Cassiopheus itself in the punishment of Marine Lord sent to heaven. Every year the throne with the defeated queen turns over, which is why it is experiencing terrible torment.

In the future, the legend softened, and now the constellation Cassiopeia is in the sky in order to remind people about the beauty of the ancient Queen.

What does Cassiopeia constellation look like?

Inexperienced astronomers usually firmly know only 5 which form a characteristic figure, similar to the Latin letter "W". Thus, the Cassiopeian constellation, the scheme of which has a simple concise form, is quickly remembered by observers. These five stars are used in navigation and orienteering, the names of them have Arabic origins.

• Orange Giant Star Shedar - Alpha Cassiopeia - has a brightness of 2.2m.
• Kaf, beta constellation, has a brightness of OK. 2.3m.
• Navi - Gamma Cassiopeia, the star of variable brightness from 1m to 3m. This star has an interesting feature: the half-breed name is given in honor of the NASA astronaut Virgil Ivan Grissom (Virgil Ivan Grissom), i.e. His second name in an inverted reading. The older and traditional star name is qich.
• Redhead - Delta Constellation, 2.7m.
• Sgin (2.2m), Cassiophei Epsilon, a white and blue giant.

The combination of these heavenly Tel In the form of the letter "M" - this is what the Cassiopeian constellation looks like in the usual understanding.

How to find a constellation?

This constellation can be seen all year round over the territory of the Northern Hemisphere. To observe the sky you need to choose cloudless nightMaybe you will have to go out of the city, because the illumination from the buildings is shuffling the brilliance of even the brightest stars. You can also use binoculars.

What do you need to pay attention to finding the Cassiopeian constellation? The search scheme has long been designed, focusing on it, quite just to find Cassiopeia. Taking advantage of the scheme several times, you can easily look like a look of three northern constellations.

First we find a big naught, or "big bucket". It is probably difficult to find a person who would not be able to identify this star cluster. In summer Big Dipper It shifts to the north-west, in the fall - north, in winter - to the northeastern part of the sky, in the spring - it is in Zenith. Through the outer edge of the "Bucket", consisting of two stars, you need to pave a line to the first bright point - this is a polar star, the tip of the "Small Bucket" handle, or a small bear.

Now from the penultimate shone on the "Big Bucket" handle, a straight line is postponed to the polar star. The line is drawn at such a distance until the gaze is stored in Cassiope. With sufficient attention it will be enough easy.

Cassiopeia constellation. Drawing on points as an exercise for children

Drawing by points is useful exercise, developing art talent in children. In drawing constellations by points to this, the expansion of the child's horizons is also added, its interest in the secrets and beauty of the universe is preheated. The starry sky above the head fascinates and gives rich food to the imagination and children, and adults.

Connecting stars, you can see what a solid image is obtained, compare itself with ancient people, understand how different their interpretation differs from modern. Each constellation is accompanied by a legend, which is pleasant to listen, like a fairy tale. So the stars get closer and relative. Drawing a constellation and recognizing their names in the afternoon, the child better remembers them when looking at them live at night. It gives impetus to systemic thinking And to the artistic sense. Comparing what the Cassiopeian constellation looks like in the picture and in the sky, the child is deeper than the difference between abstract and alive.

The constellation of Cassiopeia, the scheme of which is learned as a child, will be remembered for life.

Do not neglect this exercise and adult beginners in astronomy. For example, to study the Cassiopeian constellation The pattern on points will help easily and quickly, the wrong look will instantly find familiar outlines.

Noteworthy objects

In 1752, the famous scientist Quiet Brage was noticed a brightly broken star. However, after 16 months, she went out. Perhaps the scientist observed a supernova explosion.

The most famous star cluster wears the playful name of the salt and pepper. It can be seen in the binoculars between the stars of the Shedar and the cafe. In the constellation of the ancient queen there are two galaxies, but, unfortunately, they are only available to telescopes. Cassiopeia lies in thicker therefore rich in interesting objects, there is a quasar, galaxies, dark, diffuse and passionate Astronomom Cassiopeia will open all their shining treasures.

A very close to Cassiopeia is the constellation of her husband and co-coherent, this combination of the luminaries can be observed above all the northern hemispheres. Nearby are the rest of the legend: Kit, Andromeda, Perseus. What does Cassiopeian constellation look like surrounded by a family and old enemies? It must be assumed, coar and worthy.

Legend of Cassiology in Art

Ancient legends have found their reflection in books, paintings and films. It did not exception and the legend about the title queen. Over the years, its image has changed from a punished criminal to proud Beauty, flying in the sky. Nowadays, the queen has become a symbol of a bold and royal woman. An artistic look at what the constellation looks like Cassiopeia, the pictures are demonstrated in a variety of variations.

The combination of the magic of stars and human drama always inspired talented creators. The constellation of Cassiopeia and the legend about her had a mention in the films "Green Mile", "the rates in the Universe" and "Langolrah". Its name was called musical groups, paintings were written in her honor.

All the sky is laid by legends, which makes the stars for humanity closer and relative.

Photographing constellations

With the advent of cameras, the desire to capture the pictures of the starry sky is only stronger. Possess the fascinating effect. Many simple lovers are confident that such beauty can be created only using similar heavy duty equipment, but in fact beautiful photos can make almost every astronomer.

Of course, how the Cassiopeian constellation looks like (photo made by specialized equipment), do not compare with household cameras, but experimenting with excerpt and other shooting parameters, you can achieve good results. For long-term excerpts, a special tripod is needed compensating for the movement of the planet with regard to the sky.

Never goes beyond the horizon and one of the 88 and the letters of the heavenly alphabet - the letter "w". This is Queen Cassiopeia.

You can watch the Cassiopeian constellation on medium latitudes of the northern hemisphere year round, but the best conditions for his observations come with the onset of autumn when the constellation rises high above the head and practically rests on the Zenith, this period continues until the end of winter.

Main stars constellation

Characteristic and, so recognizable, the silhouette of the Cassiopeia, in the form of a Latin litera "w" form the brightest stars of constellations: α, β, γ, δ and ε Cas. They have an almost equal star magnitude, which varies from 2 to 3m.

Shedar or Alpha Cassiopeia

The brightest star in Cassiology is α Cas or a shadar, having 2.2 star magnitudes. Navi, Γ Cas, - a variable star, changing its brightness from 1.6 to 3 star magnitudes for about 50 years.

Objects of distant space and their descriptions

Cassiopeian constellation is almost entirely immersed in t. Summer Milky WayWhat already states that constellation can be very rich in the objects of distant space. So there is, in Cassiology there are more than two dozen wonderful scattered star clustersTherefore, the main tool for us today will be a powerful astronomical binoculars, or a light refractor with an aperture of at least 100 mm and a wide field of view.

Almost all of these objects can be observed even in the most ordinary field binoculars 7x35. Having done a run in the area of \u200b\u200bthe sky that it occupies the asterism "w", in the field of view of the binocular, will certainly be alternately to fall many of these clusters. Some of them immediately rush into the eyes immediately - on the contrary, because of the small number of stars in them, they are not the first time even with the card. It is curious that Charles Messia among such an abundance of objects introduced only two in their catalog. Now they are listed there at the numbers M52 and M103. We will dwell on them in more detail.

Scattered cluster M52.

If you visually continue the segment formed by the α and β Cas stars on an equal distance to the navigation to the navigation, then we will see the scattered cluster M52. In the middle binoculars, it looks like a light, sparkling, foggy, almost a round spot, against which glitters with a dozen stars, they form two notable chains. One of them is similar to an inverted letter "U", the other - on "V".

Observations M52.

When observing the telescope, it is a fairly bright scattered cluster, in which in the search ocular can be counted under two tens of stars, again, stacked in the abishes of the beech "U" and V "(acknowledged star swarm on the background of the sparkling fog of unresolved luminaries), south -Wasy tip of which is crowned with a bright star, the approximate brightness of which is 7 - 8 star magnitudes. When lifting an increase of up to 40 - 50x, it becomes noticeably slightly compressed from the north-east spot, against the background of which the considerable amount (more than two dozen) stars already flickers, the brightness of which is fading as it approaches the periphery.

The most impressions of the M52 observations can be obtained using 5 - 6 "(125 - 150 mm) of a light telescope on medium zooms. Then the accumulation is already fully resolved on the stars, deprived of "star dust" and presents the observer with fifty wonderful white luminaries.

M103.

Next door to the scraper (Δ of Cassiopeia), about one degree to the East-Sev-East from it, we will find the last object in this constellation, Open S. Messier. At the same time, it was also final and in his catalog (other objects, up to M110, were added in the twentieth century from unpublished Messier notes). This object itself was signed pretty trivially "cluster stars", which, in fact, does not fully characterize this excellent "Star Resident".

Observations M103

Even in the small commander binoculars of 7x35, you can find a small on-size cloud of sparkling star dust, in it, if you hard to install the same tool, you can see characteristic asterism, which does not apply to cluster, but is the most noticeable for a small binoculary it part. This is a multiple star Struve 131, the components of which are located in such a way that the entire intricate pattern resembles the arrow's tip, where the brightest star matches its edge.

For an observer with a telescope, the cluster M103 has a special, let's say charm. Contrary to the established opinion that scattered clusters are best observed on rather small zooms, it must be raised for M103, but not more than up to 50s. At 40x (which is optimal) curiously calculate, "dropped" from the sparkling background, the stars (in this case, their number exceeds fifty). It is as very interesting to guess in the star weave horseshoe-like asterism - a star chain in the center of the cluster, thanks to which it is sometimes called undercover. In fact, it is in the southwestern part M103.

Clusters NGC 654, 659 and 663

Scattered clusters NGC663 (left in the middle), NGC 659 (left below), NGC 654 (left at the top) and Messier 103 (right and below the center).

Less than two degrees to continue the direct Δ Cas - M103 to the East-Sev-East, easily placed in one field of view, there are three neighboring scattered clusters: NGC 654, NGC 659 and NGC 663. Together they form an equally-free stupid triangle, giving the observer the opportunity to compare them among themselves. NGC 654 is a small, poor cluster, in it you can count no more than a dozen stars 8 - 9 quantities. NGC 659 also does not shine beauty, but their neighbor in the sky - NGC 663 is worthy of attention as an object.

NGC 663 observations

So, in the search ochable in a small light refractor or a powerful astronomical binoculars in it, it is possible to count just over two tens of stars shrouded in unresolved sparkling fog. As the increase increases, it is also possible to detect with the floor of a dozen, adding to the rest of the roe, shining. It should be noted a certain feature, which is not immediately striking, namely, the unresolved mass of the cluster is located directly in its center, while the periphery consists of, almost entirely allowed luminaries. This feature, oddly enough, is manifested only when observed in small telescopes, in other cases it is not manifested so noticeable.

Other clusters in Cassiology

Let's walk away from the beginning to the end of the "w" part of the Cassiopeia, stopping at such objects as NGC 457, which northeastern Δ of Cassiopeia, or NGC 225 is strictly east of γ.

VDB 4 and NGC 225 Nebula

Reflective VDB 4 Nebula, associated with scattered star cluster NGC 225 is also called a sailing boat or broken heart.

NGC 457 - scattered cluster

We will not leave and easily two such a large object, such as NGC 129 and NGC 281, having almost 6th Star magnitude. NGC 281 is also called Pakman nebula.

NGC 281 - Emisy Nebula in the constellation Cassiope

But more specifically, we will focus on the NGC 7789.

It is also possible to find it, moving on one field of view in the direction of the West from the geed. There, exactly between the two stars ρ and σ Cas, it will be. This is a rather bright scattered cluster, having 6.7 star magnitudes, whose observations are possible in absolutely any optical tool, be it a pickle tube or a 10-and more inch telescope.

NGC 7789 observations

In the binoculars of 10x50 it can be seen as a rather large sparkling foggy spot, in the north-western part of which a young star of 7 - 8th star magnitude, having a bluish tint. In a major astronomical binocular, the classic example of which is 15x70, the accumulation looks quite different. Among the flickering MGLL of unresolved luminaries, brighter stars make their way, the number of which exceeds one ten. The same things are with a 100 mm high-angle refractor, it is possible that the number of allowed stars in this case increases to two dozen.

Naturally, the owners of more powerful optics can count on the full resolution of the "star hassle" already in 120-150 mm telescopes. At the same time, hundreds of individual luminaries are visible in the cluster, which are stacked in intricate interlacing and chains, and in the center it becomes more dark, deprived of the stars of the zone, which gives the image of a cluster of some dynamicity.

Bubble nebula

Now back to the previously observed, cluster M52. To the southwest of it, about 0.6 o, a characteristic figure of four stars is visible, which resembles two adjacent triangles, which crosses the star the magnitude of approximately 6.5m, the remaining three of the 7-8-centie magnitude .

Near the star, which denotes the less bright vertex of the adjacent side, is one of the most interesting nebulaes - the bubble nebula or NGC 7635. This is not the brightest object, but its brightness, which will be 11M, allows you to identify it even at 70 - 80 mm telescope. Then the nebula looks like a kind of "process", located from the star and shrouded in the barely caught glow.

Kaleidoscope flowers nebula bubble

It is much easier to notice the glow itself in a powerful binoculars that gives a more generalized picture. As such, the "bubble" in a small telescope see, most likely, will not succeed. The minimum aperture that is needed in order to guess the slightly elongated part of the nebula shell greater than 8 "(200 mm).

Visualization of the spatial structure of the nebula

Asterism HRR12

Interest for the sake of moving your gaze a little higher (towards the north). Here is curious asterism, no more than a random chain of stars, in no way connected physically. It is included in the catalog as HRR12. The intricate pattern of it consists of stars of the 6th - 7th magnitude and is like a small bucket, facing the straight three-star handle to the south.

Eastern facilities in Cassiology

If, armed with binoculars, descend a little south of the star Δ Cas and move to the seventeenth in the direction of the segment Δ - ε Cas, then in a wide field of view, such scattered clusters and nebulae will appear alternately, like Stock2, MRK6, IC 1805, NGC 1027, IC 1848, CR33 and CR34.

Cassiopeia - The wife of the Ethiopian king Kefhea, Right Ion, the mother of Adromeda. Details almost ended tragic history - on the Perside page. Here I just note that, since Cassiopeia played in this story the most illuminated role, Zeus placed her in the sky sitting in the basket. When the basket in the celestial movement turns over, Cassiopheus flounders in it all on the laugh!

And some cynical Hochmachi argue that even not in the basket, but on the gynecological chair ... Let us leave this observation on their conscience.

History

Cassiopeia - One of the oldest constellations.

Prehistory and antiquity

Perhaps it was a list of more mined constellations, although this list is too unreliable to argue anything confidently.

So it is difficult to say, but Cassiopeia is definitely one of the oldest ancient constellations. Its easily memorable characteristic W-shaped form, proximity to north Pole The world, almost constant visibility over the horizon (although the worst in antiquity, rather than now) could not not attract attention. I tend to include it in a hypothetical list of earlyant constellations.

Babylonian astronomers at this place is the constellation Deer (LU.LIM). Completely explained: the fundamental asterism of constellations, W-asterism, in this case is interpreted as a deer horns. It is easy to see that this Eastern constellation has not affected the Greek imagination.

The classical legend associated with the constellation is the myth of Cassiology, the Ionian Queen. Traditionally it was believed that in the sky she turned out to be tied to the chair, so that periodically with the rotation of the sky overturned upside down. Later, Cassiopeia was depicted sitting on the throne.

It seems to me a convincing version that the Cassiopheus was originally natural Constellation, that is, a group of stars who believed to some concrete subject, namely, in this case, on the chair, in general, the sedney (not in the sense of the ass, but in the sense of furniture, of course!). The stars ε-δ constellations form a back, δ-γ-α - actually, e-e-e, a sedname, and α-β - a support for the feet. And as a sedator, the chair was transformed into the queen - it is unknown. Probably, this transformation occurred in the formation of the plot group of the constellations of Perseid - Cassiopeia, Andromeda, Cefy, Perseus and, possibly, Pegasus, which happened somewhat later.

The constellation is part of the Ptolemy catalog. Ptolemy has 13 stars in the constellation.

Arat Soli in "phenomena" writes about Cassiology:

Next to his spouse, Kassiophea sends,
Even at that time light, when the full moon comes,
Although it is a little lights of her conversion.
The location of the stars with the key is similar, which
In the well includes a castle, iron teeth drives
And launders the goals. She's distorted
Hands, reed, froze, ready to cry unprotected.

As a rule, the Greeks constellation were called simply by the name of the mythological queen - Cassiopeia, Κασσιέπεια .

However, the options met: Throne (Cassiopeia, Ἡ τοῦ θρόνου ). In the form of a constellation that resembled the grooves of the key, see, for example, above the Arat, the names were used Laconic key and Kirysky Key - From the localities of Laconia on Peloponnese and Kiriya in Malaya Asia, where it seemed to the Greek, and the key was invented. Poetically described and how " sick-shaped key penelope":

Soft-shaped hand artificially curved copper
The key with the knob of the bone of the ivory getting, the queen
In the long-haired volume went

Homer, "Odyssey", per. V. Zhukovsky.

The Romans in addition to the classic name on its manner used descriptions: Woman on the throne (armchair) - Mulier Sedis (Sella, Solium.), or simply Armchair. Late, Bayer Option Cathedra Mollis It is considered wrong. Titled INTHRONATA..

Middle Ages

Arabs, neatly translated Ptolemy, but indifferent to the Greek myths, the classical name did not say anything, and they used a descriptive Al Dhāt al kursiyy or Dhath alcursi., all the same woman in white Woman in chair. In English and now used exactly the name - the Seated Queen., Sitting Queen.

However, Arabs had their Arab constellations on the site of Greek Cassiopeia. It is important to us for complete picture: some stars constellations wear echoes of the ancient and ideas.

Please note: five stars of the W-shaped constellation can be represented as five fingers. This is such a constellation Kaff Al ḣadib - "Palm painted henna"" It was like Arabs. Probably, the stars symbolized the fingertips, painted with a vegetable dye - henna. (By the way, the use of henna as a cosmetic tool for coloring nails, fingers or palm practiced in Crete in the Minoan culture.) It was believed that it was " Pleia Pleia"- Pretty strange, if the fate is that the Pleiad from Cassiopeia is not so close - the path is entirely through the constellation Perseus, and the Pleiads themselves, a small group of stars, much less than their" palm "-Cassiepiea. By the way, according to some testimonies, Sometimes Arabs Cassiopeia was also called as Pleiades - Al Thuraya..

Cassiopeia (lat. Cassiopeia.) - the constellation of the northern hemisphere of the sky.

• The brightest stars of Cassiopeia (from 2.2 to 3.4 star values) form a figure similar to the letters "M" or "W".
• The constellation occupies an area of \u200b\u200b598.4 square degrees in the sky and contains about 150 stars visible to the unarmed eye; Of these, 90 stars are brighter 6 m.
• Most of the constellation lies in the Milky Way Strider and contains many scattered star clusters.

The constellation of Cassiopeia is almost entirely immersed in the so-called summer Milky Way, which is already saying that the constellation it can be very rich in the objects of distant cosmos.

So, there is more than two dozen wonderful scattered star clusters to Cassiology, because there will be a powerful astronomical binoculars for us today, or a light refractor with an aperture of at least 100 mm and a wide field of view. Cassiopeia's constellation is open almost throughout Russia. Only in the south of the country, his small part is briefly hiding behind the horizon.

The myth about the constellation Cassiopeia

Cassiopey was the wife of King Ethiopia Cefhea (located next to her in the form of constellation). Once she boasted that Beauty exceeds Nirid (50 sea nymph created by Titan Nerrech). They got angry and asked Poseidon to punish her. He could not refuse, as he was married to one of them (amphitrite). He sent Zetus - the sea monster, displayed in the Constellation of China, who had to destroy the kingdom. The king asked for help from Oracle and he advised to give Andromedon to Poseidon. With great difficulty, they agreed and chained it to a rock. But in the last moment she was saved by Perseus, for which she then got married. However, this is not the final. One of her fans came to the wedding and accused of treason, since he had the right to take her to his wife. A fight occurred in which Perseus used the head of the jellyfish Gorgon. But, since many people looked at her, the king and queen were also stonamed. Poseidon sent Cassiopeia and Cefhea to heaven. But he still punished her, because six months constellation resides wrapped upside down. Most often, it is depicted sitting on the throne and combing their hair.

How to find the constellation of Cassiopeia?

Cassiophai constellation Usually everyone is found along the attorney asterism. It is best that this throne someone has shown - just to see this configuration of stars in the sky once, and it will become recognizable forever!

Alone, the constellation of Cassiopeia can be found as follows:

1. If you live in about the latitude of Moscow, then literally from the very beginning of the autumn, going out at about midnight local time, you will find an asterism throne right at your head, in Zenith. You only have to determine the corner sizes of the throne and mentally build it drawing on the stars.

The largest angular distance in the asterism of the throne, between Sgin and Kaf, is about 13 °. The angular distance between the large and index finger of the elongated hand of an adult is 16-18 °, so the throne on the background of an extended hand will look like, as shown in Fig. five.

Evaluation of the angular size of the "Throne" asterism in the constellation of the Cassiopeia with the help of an elongated hand. This image seems to emphasize the compactness of the placement of bright stars of Cassiopeia

1. The all-season method for determining the location of the Cassiopeia is the "targeting" of the beam, through the already famous stars. The best "shot" will turn out if you continue the line from aliot (ε uma) for the polar star (α UMA), it will turn out to be accurate in the gamma of Cassiopeia Navi, besides, you will find that the big bucket and asterism of Cassiopeia throne located centrally symmetrical Regarding the polar star.

We need to mentally hold a line through Aliot a big bear and a polar star - it will lead to the brightest star of the Navi Cassiopeia. There are other options: from any of the stars of the Handle of the Big Bucket, the lines to the polar, they will all lead to Cassiology. In this position, as in Figure 7 of large and small bears, Cassiopeia and throne can be seen late spring evening.

• If you look at the sun with Alpha Centaur, one of the stars closest to us, it will be in Cassiology and will be seen as a star of 0.5 magnitude.
• In the novel, Stephen King "Green Mile" is mentioned by the constellation of Cassiopeia: the hero of the novel, John Coffi, calls the constellation "Cassie - Lady in a rocking chair", reflecting the American folk reflection ancient myth. Also the constellation Cassiopeia is mentioned in the novel "Langollars".
• Also the constellation of Cassiophei is mentioned in the film "Intuition" (2001), where the main character Jonathan (John Cusak) tells the myth of the constellation to the girl named Sarah (Kate Beckinsale).
• The star of Alpha Cassiopeia is the goal of the expedition in the Soviet Science and Fantastic Dilogy film "Moscow - Cassiopeia / Frequenies in the Universe", released by the film studio. Gorky in 1973-1974.
• Cassiopeia (Cassiopeia) - the name of the official fan club of the DBSK group
• Cassiopeia in the world of the Mediterranean, created by the writer J. R. R. Tolkin, corresponds to the constellation Vilarins (butterfly).
• Flammarion in his book "Starry Sky and His Miracles" talks about the product of a certain English writer "Star ψ Cassiopeia, an amazing story of one of the worlds in space, a description of a peculiar nature, habits, travels and literary works local residents. According to the author, the manuscript of the book was discovered in an empty car found in the Himalayas.

W-asterism

Cassiopeia includes asterism that forming a memorable image of constellation - W-asterism. It consists of the brightest stars of constellation, ε (SEGIN), δ (drafts), Γ (Navi), α (master) and β (cafe) forming a figure, resembling the Latin letter "W".

Shedar(Alpha Cassiopeia) - orange giant spectral type K0IIIA in 228 light years. This is a suspicious star variable. The apparent value may vary depending on which the photometric system is used. The range seats from 2.20 to 2.23 values. Located in the lower right corner of W-asterism. The name of the Shedar was taken from the Arab "şadr" - "chest". It marks the stellar situation - in the heart of the Cassiopeia.

Cafing(Beta of cassiopeia) - a subgant or a giant of a spectral type F2 III-IV. Removed by 54.5 light years from us. This is a variable star of the Delta shield type. Brighter in this class only Altair (Star B. constellation Eagle And the 12th in the sky). This is a yellow-white star 28 times the sun and 4 times more. Now dwells in the process of cooling and one day will become a red giant.

Variables Type Delta Shield demonstrate brightness oscillations due to radial and non-radial ripples on the surface. Usually these are giants or stars of the main sequence of spectral types in the range from A0 to F5.

The average visible value is 2.27. From Arabic KAF translates as "palm" (that is, Pleiad's palm is a famous cluster in the constellation of the Taurus). Other traditional names are Al-Sanam Al-Naka and Al-Caff Al-Hadib.

Together with the stars of Alfertard (Andromeda) and Algenib (Pegasus), the cafe was perceived as one of the three guidebooks - three bright stars, creating an imaginary line from Cafe to the Alferna to the Heavenly Equator (the point where the sun passes in the spring and autumn equinox).

Navi.(Kassiophai gamma) - an eruptive variable star serving the prototype of variable stars of Gamma Cassiopeia. Shows irregular brightness changes from 2.20 to 3.40 values. This is the central star in the form W and the brightest in the constellation (now). This is a blue star (spectral type B0.5 IVE), located in 610 light years with a brightness of 40,000 times greater than solar and having about 15 solar masses. Due to rapid rotation expands in the equator and creates a "male" disk of the lost mass and material. The Chinese call it qich - "whip". She also has a nickname "Navi", who was given from the astronaut Virgila Ghissoma. Navi is Ivan (in English Ivan - the average name of the astronaut) recorded in reverse order. Cosmonauts used a star as a guideline.

Redhead(Delta Cassiopeia) - a double star with a period of 460 days. Belong to K. spectral class A5. Removed by 99 light years and has a visible value between 2.68 and 2.74. It ranks fourth in brightness in cluster. The name went from Arabic - "Knee". Sometimes it is called Xore.

Sgin.(Cassiophei Epsilon) - a bright white-blue Giant B-Class in 440 light years. 2500 times the brightened sun with a visible value of 3.34. Age - 65 million years. The star dwells at the end of the hydrogen merge cycle. It has a very weak spectral absorption of helium.

Achird(This Cassiopeia) is a dwarf hydrogen-white G-type yellow star, a little cool sun. The surface temperature is 5730 Kelvinov, and the visible value is 3.45. This is the nearest star to Cassiology to our system (in total in 19.4 light years).

Ahird has a companion - orange dwarf class K with a visible value of 7.51, removed on 11 angular seconds. Both are classified as a variable star RS racing pieces. They form a close double star and have active chromospheres creating large star stains. This leads to changes in luminosity - brightness fluctuates 0.05 values.

Jet Cassiopeia- Sine-white subaghante (B2IV) in 600 light years. Visible visual value - 3.67. This is a variable star SPB (slowly pulsating b) with magnetic field. The speed of rotation is 56 km / s, and the period is 5.37 days.

RO Cassiopeia- Yellow hypergigant (rare type, as in the Milky Ways of them only 7). Belongs to the spectral class G2IA0E and removed at 11650 light years. One of brightest stars. Despite the distance, it can be considered without technical equipment. 550,000 times brighter with absolute value - 7.5. The apparent visual value ranges from 4.1 to 6.2. This is a semoregular variable with huge splashes every 50 years (a brightness changes due to this). In 2000-2001, the star threw about 10,000 earth masses for one outbreak. Scientists believe that it exploded as a supernova, since he spent most of their nuclear fuel. But if so, then the light from the explosion has not yet reached us.

V509 Cassiopeia - G-type supergigant in 7800 light years. Yellow-white star refers to a semoregular variable. The luminosity varies within 4.75-5.5.

Noteworthy objects

• Star Quiet Brage. In 1572, Danish astronomer Tycho Brareg noticed a sudden appearance of a bright new star in the constellation of Cassiopeia, not far from κ CAS. New star Gradually weakened and stopped to be visible after sixteen months. Today it is known that it was a supernova - one of the last explosions of the stars observed in the Galaxy of the Milky Way. At a distance of about 7,500 light years, supernova residue has a diameter of almost 20 light years.
• Cassiopeia A.. This constellation is located one of the most powerful sources of galactic radio emission - Cassiopeia A (CAS A). The stream of radio waves from this sky area is many times more powerful than the stars of stars quiet Brage. In 1951, fragments of small radio lines associated with Cassiopeia were recorded on photoflaxes that are sensitive to the Red Light. In the rate of expansion of the nebula, they calculated that the explosion of her explosion occurred presumably in 1667. In the sky, this object is located between β Cassiopeia and Δ Cefhea.

Other interesting facilities constellations:

• Scattered star clustersM52 (NGC 7654), M103 (NGC 581), NGC 457 and NGC 7789,
• Dwarf elliptic galaxies RGC 147 and NGC 185 - Andromeda nebulae satellites,
• Diffuse nebulaNgc 281.
• Giant gas sphere - bubble nebula (NGC 7635).
• Nebulaic 1805, IC 1848 and IC 1795, which are associated with radio sources W4, W5 and W3, respectively.