The smallest and unusual sailboats. Unusual trial

Ships, which are part of the naval forces of the world's leading states, are characterized by functionality, dimensions and power.

The Navy has always been and remains pride of any state, and the arms race led to the competitive confrontation of world powers, including in the field of shipbuilding.

Undoubted leadership since the Second World War belongs to the United States and Russia. Consider some types of military courts to find out what powerful ship in the world.

Let's start a review from an unusual combat trimaran "Independence", which is in service with the United States. On combat duty, the new type vessel passed in 2010.

Two gas turbines and two diesel engines allow you to develop a speed of 45 nodes. What is interesting, but to create an unusual warship of the prototype served as a passenger-car steam.

Today it is the biggest trimaran in the world, besides able to lead martialctions With the excitement of the sea in 4-5 balls.

Linear ship "Bismarck"

In 1939, Germany lowered into water, as the story, the most multifunctional and powerful ship of World War II, showed.

Weapons and technical indicators of speed and maneuverability allowed the Bismarck Lincher to resist any ship of this type.

In the first combat campaign was destroyed by the flagship of the English fleet of the battleship "Hug". But the first campaign "Bismarck" was the last. Significantly superior to the forces of the enemy, with the use of aviation, was sinking it off the coast of France.

Create class "Tone"

Recall another ship of the Bloody War itself in the history of mankind. As not strange, but the best and most powerful courts in the class of heavy cruisers were Japanese "Tona".

For combat capability, I had to sacrifice the comforts for the team, which lived in tough grindness. But on its own armament, as well as by the level of the anti-pedoidal protection of the cruiser type "Tone" were the strongest, and did not have analogues.

Large-caliber anti-aircraft, protecting the cruiser from air attacks installed on the decks.

The rocket cruiser of this type after long tests stood on the USF RIDE at the beginning of the 80s of the twentieth century. Armament, speed and maneuverability makes these cruisers in dangerous opponents.

The vessels established the most powerful weapons, and after the modernization, rockets were installed on them, capable of hitting the goals outside the earth's atmosphere.

At the moment there are 27 cruisers in the ranks this typeAnd in the near future it is planned to climb the water from a dozen such vessels.

The nuclear cruiser "Peter Great" is the largest combat ship from non-aviance. According to its technical and combat characteristics, this is the most powerful ship Navy of Russia.

It will be superfluous to describe all weapons, we only note that the cruiser is able to destroy the opponent's aviance compounds, and Granite rockets can hit the target to remove more than 550 kilometers.

The energy installation provides speeds of up to 35 knots, and the navigation range is unlimited.

The pride of the UK fleet can rightly be considered the During During During Commands. Capable of overcome big Distance In a short time, the court of this type is hazardous for any opponent.

Arms on board is intended for defeat, both surface and air targets. The fact is that the military platform of the Ministry of Emergency Situations is easily upgraded into the air defense platform.

Multipurpose Guards Rocket Cruiser "Moscow", descent on the water in the distance 1983, did not lose its power and still in the ranks.

Armament of the cruiser allows you to fight not only with ships, but also with submarines, as well as amazing air targets. More than a month, the Russian flagship can be in autonomous swimming.

The legendary cruiser began his story as part Black Sea FleetAnd continues to carry the service in Sevastopol.

The watchdog with powerful and modern weapons entered the Caspian flotilla in 2012, and significantly exceeds the characteristics of previous models of this class.

On the courts of this type, new radar detection systems of air and surface target are installed.

In 2015, rockets were issued on the territory of terrorists in Syria from Dagestan. It is noteworthy that the Russian Federation put two rocket cruisers of this type in Vietnam.

USS Seawolf (SSN-21)

The review should be mentioned about the most powerful submarines. The first is a "sea wolf", which is in service with the United States.

It was planned to produce 30 boats of this type, but after the collapse of the USSR, the project was reduced to three. The submarines entered into force turned out to be the best on combat and charts.

It is also worth noting that the project turned out to be the most expensive in the history of the American submarine fleet.

The most powerful atom of the Russian fleet today is the largest submarine of the world. A heavy atomic underwater cruiser became the first model of the project 941 "Shark".

Under water, a strong atomic installation of a submarine allows you to develop a speed of 27 nodes. Armament allows you to hit targets up to 7 thousand kilometers, moreover with high accuracy.

But from interesting facts It is worth noting that in the cabin company there were a museum dedicated to the Kulikov battle. No boat of the world has such a unique museum.

The reviving nuclear submarine fleet of Russia in 2014 received a multi-purpose submarine "Severodvinsk".

Submarine, with a crew of 93 people, is capable of 100 days in autonomous swimming, and the weapon of submarines is intended for conducting hostilities with enemy submarines, surface ships, affect air and ground targets.

After passing all the tests "Severodvinsk" entered the North Car Flotilla.

Translated from the Spanish name of this vessel as "Holy Trinity", and this is the most powerful sailing ship in the history of the fleet.

The combat equipment of the Spanish flagship, built in 1799, was 136 implements of various modifications.

Your main I. the last fight "Holy Trinity" held on October 21, 1805 at Cape Trafalgar. Surrounded by 7 English courts, the Lincherk team fought courageously. The British could not drink a sailboat, and only when all masts were shot down, and most of the team died, Santisima-Trinidad was captured.

The British wanted to tow it for repair, but the storm was sank, a unique and heroic combat vessel.

For a complete picture of the Fleet history, we mention the most powerful Russian ship under the sails "12 apostles".

It was lowered on the water from the Nikolaev shipyard in the middle of the XIX century, and in service with 130 guns. Internally, the decoration was so elegant that the ship was more like an imperial yacht.

The largest Russian battleship was flooded after the battle at Sevastopol. When I cleaned the Farwater, I wanted to raise it, but could not, so the pride of the Black Sea Fleet was blown down under water.

Conclusion

So now it came to the end of our marine journey, and as you noticed, we looked at combat vessels, which still carry duty in the waters of the World Ocean, as well as those who have long completed their fighting swims. The history of the military fleet of any power has both glorious and tragic pages.

IN modern conditions Military vessels fleet perform mainly a restraining function, albeit it remains, not interposed to the hot confrontation.

Perhaps you will be interested in articles about, and in the world.

1. Viking Lady
Viking Lady, the work vessel in the sea, works on the internal combustion engines and the battery of fuel cells per gas. The vessel battery system transmits power to the electric motor, this is the world's first commercial vessel on which such technology was applied.
According to DNV, due to the technology, which is used on board the vessel, CO2 emissions are reduced into the atmosphere, and the harmful emissions of nitrogen oxide into the atmosphere, which are comparable in terms of emissions with emissions of 22 thousand cars per year.
Last week, Det Norske Veritas completed tests on the new fuel system on board the vessel, as a result research project Out of new levelWhen tests are carried out directly on the ship.
Viking Lady, most likely, will work on the French fuel giant, Total and will participate in the extraction of fuel on the continental shelf of Norway.

2. Concrete ships
Norwegian engineer Nikolai Fegner, in 1917 he created the first self-propelled marine vessel from reinforced concrete. He called him "Namsenfijord". The Americans have built a similar steam-cargo ship "Faith" a year later. By the way, during the years of World War II, 24 reinforced concrete vessels were built in the United States and 80 barges.





In 1975, a reinforced concrete tanker "Andjuna Sakti" was built for the storage of liquefied gas. 60,000 tons.

During the years, the second world of Americans built 24 reinforced concrete ship.
Courts were designed in Tampa, Florida, since July 1943, no more than more than a month. Courts were named after the great scientists of those times.
Two ships were flooded during battles in Normandy, nine - used as a waveness in Kiptopeke, Virginia, two are rebuilt into the moorings in Yaquina Bay, in Newport, Oregon, and seven more turned into a giant breakwater on the Powell River in Canada.

3. Proteus.
The futuristic vessel of the protein (Proteus) looks like something from science fiction movies, catamaran resembling a spider-water meter. A cabin for the team and passengers is installed on four giant metal "sparse paws", which, in turn, are fixed on two pontoons that ensure reliable buoyancy. Proteus length is about 30 meters, width - 15 meters.
In motion, an unusual ship is driven by two diesel engines with a capacity of 355 horsepower each. ProTeus displacement is 12 tons, the utmost weight of the payload is two tons. Its cabin (with four bedroom seats), in the parking lot can fall into the water, separated and perform independent swimming for a short distance. This increases the flexibility of the application of the new apparatus. The cabin can approach the pier, leaving the paws in hundreds of meters from the coast. And, most importantly, the cabin can be changed, turning one Proteus into a multifunctional apparatus. The protea is successfully named after the Greek Sea God, according to the legend, capable of taking various appeals.

Worked in the setting of complete secrecy, the California company Marine Advanced Reasearch The project was first introduced to the public on the water in San Francisco Bay. His author and captain of the ship Hugo Connya has long thought to create a vessel of an unusual design. "This is a fundamentally new model," he says. "She moves at all as a common ship," much faster because of a small weight. In essence, the "protein" as it would dance on the waves. " According to the inventor, the "protea" is extremely easy, very maneuveran and has a reserve of more than 8 thousand kilometers. There is no steering wheel: the vessel is controlled by the drivers mounted on each float. CONTI patented its invention and expects to start his sales in the near future.
Acto, the first full-size WAM-V (modular vessel adapting to the waves) is an exceptional vessel, which is distinguished by modularity, low weight, wide range of applications, low expansion of the sea, ease of action, low noise level and low fuel consumption.

Normally:
Post at the request of pretty large number users, for the idea thanks

"France II" is a French five-waist bar. It is considered one of the largest sailboats in the history of shipbuilding. It is laid on the shipyards "Chantiers et Ateliers De La Gironde" in Bordeaux in 1911. Full length is 146.20 m.
The vessel was used for freight traffic on the route Europe - New Caledonia. The ship was also seen in the ports of Australia, North and South America. Mostly transported ore, coal and wool. In 1922, on July 12, 43 miles from the capital of New Caledonia Noumea, "France II" jumped on the reef and the owners threw it.

Ship achievements:
For 92 days, coal was taken from the city of Glasgow to New Caledonia.
For 90 days, the vessel reached London from New Zealand, encroaching from South Africa.
During World War I, a 90-mm guns were installed on board.
On February 27, 1917, on the way to America, the sailboat managed to escape, after the occurrence of darkness, from the German submarine.
In 1919, ship engines were dismantled.
In 1944, the vessel, which was still on the mel, until that time, fell under the sight of the American bomber. Scattered after the academic bombing the remains of the ship are still under water.
In France, there is a project "Revival of France II".

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Characteristics:
Displacement - 10 710 tons
Length on the upper deck - 131.90 m
Middleshpangout width - 16.90 m
Engines - Sails + diesel engine with a power of 2 × 900 hp
Sailing area - 6 350 m² (you can make a big tent)
Speed \u200b\u200bspeed - 17.5 knots, under sail; 10 knots, under the engine
Crew - 50 people

The only seven-month sailing ship in the world:

For the thousand-year history of shipbuilding, people created a lot of ships and vessels of various types and classes, each of which has its own fate. Among sailing ships There were their giants. One of the biggest is the sailing ship "Thomas W. Lawson". This is a steel seven-dimensional two-phase schooner, built on the shipyard "Fore River Ship & Engine Building" in Quincy, Massachusetts in 1902 for CoastWise Transportation Co., Boston. Sails made at the company "E.L. Rowe & Sun Gloucecester. The sailing ship is named after the famous yachtsman THMAS W. Lawson and its construction was spent about $ 240,000. Initially, Schoon was planned to take part in sailing regats, but the material benefit of the company owners quickly determined the functionality of the ship.

With the rapid development of the industry grew the need for a stone coal, which was transported by Atlantic Ocean.. The need for profitability and reluctance of owners of companies to increase salary by sailors led to the construction of large sailing ships with a small amount of crew.

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Victoria was the flagship vessel Admiral Nelson in the battle of Trafalgar. This most famous three-stage ship from all existed lived in their unchanged form to this day. The ship was built on naval shipyard in Chatme and launched on the water on May 7, 1765.

In 1805, Victoria was armed with thirty-thirty-or-pound guns located on the lower battery deck, twenty-eightly twenty-four-pound guns on the top, thirty-two-fifth guns on the main deck, ten duodenal-pound guns on the quartersday, two duodeniath guns and two sixty eight-founded carricies on Semi-love.
On October 21, 1805, the flagship ship Nelson "Victoria" leads the fleet to protect the shores of England from Bonaparte - as a result, thanks to the competent command, a combined Spanish-French fleet broke under the Admiral Villenev team.

At dawn, he ordered to rebuild from a hiking order - five kilvater columns - in a combat - one brilliant column.

The first column came close to the allied escade of the enemy. At 12:30, 30 minutes, her flagship ship "Royal Periov" cut through the enemy's system under the feed of the Saint Anna ship, which was sixteen from the end. Nelson designated the creation of a quantitative superiority in the direction of the main strike by cutting the system in the twelfth from the end of the French ship due to the miscalculation in maneuvering was not achieved. The following English ships cut through the system by one by one, exposed to the Malicious onboard volley of the Allies, meanwhile, as longitudinal splashes of English ships were very effective.

"Victoria" was subjected to a fierce artillery and rifle shelling, as a result of which the English squadron lost control. During this shelling, Nelson was mortally wounded by a French university officer, shot from the mast the "Redutabl" ship, and died until the end of the battle. But the British did not fell in spirit and continued the battle with even greater fierce. The battle lasted 11 and a half hours! Allies lost 18 ships (17 was captured, one burned) and more than 6 thousand people were killed, injured and prisoners.

The British lost 3 thousand people. The British ships were so damaged that they could not bring the French ships to their databases. Some of them the next day were repulsed by the French, while others sank during the assault.

Mind Project Barrier "632"

In the middle of the last century, the military sailors of the Soviet Union ordered a special ship - an underwater pellar of minecraft. The project was instructed to work on the TCB-18, and in 1956, work began on the design of an underwater mine bar.

Due to the large load of the CKB-18 on the design of rocket submarines, the project of the underwater ship, the readiness of about 40 percent, is transmitted by the TCB-16 team.
Based on the project requirements, the submarine was supposed to have a diesel engine and accommodate special weapons about 90 minutes "PLT-6", specially designed for underwater ships, was also able to be able to be able to quickly re-equip the barrier to the transport submarine for transporting people and transporting oil, fuel and water. Storage of special weapons was carried out by revolutionary technology, the location of mines between compartments.
By the end of 1958, the project of the underwater bar "632" was adopted State CommissionBut in the seven-year-old shipbuilding plan, which begun in December 1958, the project did not enter, but the submarine of the project "648" was included. All work after the approval of the seven-year plan on the project of the mine bar has been stopped, and in the end they stopped. Of the main reasons for not the implementation of the project, the big cost of batteries and the fact that the submarine of the project "648" could fulfill all the tasks of the "632" project, and other problems of underwater transport could also be performed.

1 - compartment of the placement of torpedo; 2 - compartment for installing batteries; 3 - Personal Computer; 4 - CPU; 5 - compartment of mine armament; 6 - storage racks;
7 - diesel compartment; 8 - Pipe acceptance and reset min; 9 - electromachine compartment; 10 - Feed compartment

Main characteristics:
- displacement 3.2 thousand tons;
- Length 85 meters;
- width of 10 meters;

- autonomy of swimming 80 days;
- the crew of the submarine 90 people;
- average speed of 15 knots;
- duration of swimming one month;
Armament:
- mines about 90 pieces;
- mine devices 4 units;
- 4 caliber 533-mm;

4 Ta caliber 400-mm.
Transportation:
- people up to 100 people;
- ammunition, cargo, food up to 120 tons;
- fuel up to 130 tons.

Scuba diving rocket boat "Dolphin"

The idea of \u200b\u200bcreating such a unique project was the first secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU Nikita Khrushchev. During his stay in Sevastopol and inspection of the naval base, Khrushchev noticed the rocket boats and submarines and expressed the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a submersible underwater fleet when applied by an opponent of atomic weapons. Just because the idea itself was the first secretary, the project, such not compatible according to the requirements, continued to be developed stubbornly.

The project, received the number "1231", was commissioned to develop the CCB-19, for the development and construction of prototypes, the marine plant of the city of Leningrad was transferred to him. It was this that served the association of the CKB-19 and the Leningrad CKB-5 in the future in the Central Diamond CCB.
The development of a unique ship was carried out with great difficulties, it is worth noting that the main developments made a boiler office, which on the go had to study the design of underwater ships. To tie together the surface ship and the submarine was difficult to perform the work and designers to show the wonders of ingenuity and simplification.

In accordance with the terms of reference received from the Naval Office of the Soviet Union, the "1231" project was to be used to apply fast missile strikes on the aerial transport of the enemy in places close to the main bases of the enemy. Rocket ships were supposed to arrive at the specified area and to be in it in a submerged state and expect an approach of the surface forces of the enemy. With a sufficient approach of the enemy, rocket ships, pop-up, were released on a remote application of a rocket strike, after which they went to high speed in the underwater or surface position.

Work on the design of an unusual ship began in early 1959 and ended with the departure of Nikita Khrushchev from leading political positions in 1964. No one can say exactly now than work on the construction of a submersive rocket ship would end, Nikita Khrushchev, from office of the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Party.

Main characteristics:
- surface speed of 38 knots;
- underwater speed of 4 nodes;
- ship crew 12 people;
- four winged missiles of the complex "P-25";
- the approximate cost in 1960 - 40 million rubles;

Array transport boat project "717"

By 1962, the American underwater fleet performs a jerk in the construction of atomic underwater ships. Soviet Union Trying to urgently catch up and overtake the main competitor in the atomic shipbuilding.
To obtain the status of the leader, the Soviet Union begins the design of large submarines various destination. In 1967, Malachite KB receives the technical task from the Naval Office for the design of a submarine for transporting a landing up to 1000 people and a dozen units of armored vehicles to perform combat missions.

KB "Malachite" has already had the experience of developing large underwater ships of the project "664" and the project "748".
If the atomic approach was built, it would become the largest underwater ship for all. Displacement of 18 thousand tons, height with a five-storey house, length equal to 2-foot football fields - a real giant underwater world It was intended to transport the regiment of marines and various weapons and goods to the specified areas of disembarking to capture the bridgeheads in the enemy.
In accordance with the project, the submarines body was made of 2 cylinders. In the compartment of the central value, there was a personal composition of the boat and landing units, the number of more than one thousand people. On the sides of the boat in the compartments there were bottom mines in an amount of up to 400 units, the alignment of which on the calculations could be locked in Norfolk the entire composition of the sixth US Fleet. By 1969, the work on the design of the boat of the project "717" was completed.
But by that time, the Soviet Union urgently needed submarines with ballistic missiles to achieve military parity with the United States, all the forces of the CCR and shipbuilding factories were abandoned to develop and build atomic submarines With nuclear weapons. All work on sea leviafan was suspended and in the end stopped.

The main characteristics of the project "717":
- width 23 meters;
- immersion depth up to 300 meters;
- speed of 18 knots;
- the duration of autonomous swimming of 2.5 months;
Armament:
- six torpedo devices;
- 18 anti-submarine missiles;
- artillery guns 2 installations;
Transportation:
- Marine regiment with 4 BTR-60;
- Marine infantry battalion with 20 units of armored vehicles.

The project "667m" - atomic submarine "Andromeda"

At the beginning of the 80s, atomic submarines with Tomahawk missiles are begins to appear to hit the target at a distance of 2.5 thousand kilometers. In the Soviet Union, in the KB. Chelywai is urgently developed by the Meteorite-M complex. The winged rocket of the complex "ZM25" in high-speed indicators exceeded the American analogue of Tomahawk and had a destination - the destruction of ground objects and the objectives of the enemy.

It is under this missile complex that began design work Over the conversion of the submarine of the 667A project, which stood up in the Navy of the USSR at the end of 1970. Work was carried out from 82 to 85 years in Severodvinsky factory. A rocket compartment was completely replaced, in the new compartment there were 12 missiles of the Meteorite-M complex.

The underwater ship receives a new designation "667M", the number "K-420", the Americans called it "Yankee-Sidecar". At the end of 1983, it is part of the Northern Fleet, and after 30 days the combat tests of the rocket complex begin. Rockets not only went to the target, but also exceeded all the stated indicators, there were no breakdowns and emergencies.
In 1989, after conversion, the project closes. Rockets are shooting, and the submarine is used as a torpedo submarine. In 1993, the boat put for long-term storage.

The main characteristics of "Andromeda":
- displacement 7.7 thousand tons;
- Length 130 meters;
- 12 meters width;
- sediment 8.7 meters;
- depth of immersion of 320 meters;
- speed 27 nodes;
- crew 120 people;
Armament:
- RK "Meteorite-M", Boezapas 12 missiles;
- that caliber is 533-mm;
- Management system of the RK "Andromeda".

Underwater barges and tankers

In the 80 years, the idea of \u200b\u200bunderwater barges and tankers became an urgent idea. In confrontation between Iraq and Iran, in just 2 years, about 300 different oil courts and transports were destroyed.

Western countries and the Soviet Union forced to protect vehicles, and therefore in the USSR, in the Malachite CB, the project of a nuclear submarine of transport purposes is beginning to be implemented.

By the beginning of 1990, the projects of tankers and barge of tanning time to 30 thousand tons were fully prepared. But because of the change of political system, the collapse of the USSR into individual states, the projects of underwater supernavitals were not implemented.
Return to the idea of \u200b\u200bunderwater heavy trucks began today due to the aggravated cases of sea terrorism.
Underwater transport will be able to deliver more cargo at a depth of up to 100 meters at speeds of up to 19 knots. A team of such transport workers will be about 35 people.

The American division of naval studies belongs to the rather strange oceanographic equipment, in particular, the FLIP floating platform, created in the Marine Research Laboratories and the Oceanography of the University of California. Flip is not quite a ship, although researchers live and work on it for quite long periods Research in the open ocean. In fact, this is a huge specialized Bucken, and the most unusual thing in it is what he really turns over (Flip - literally translates, how to "roll over") ... Let's find out about this floating miracle in more detail.

The flip length is 108 meters, with small narrow compartments for almost the entire length and large hollow branch at the end. When these long tanks are simply filled with air, the flip is in a horizontal position, but when they are filled sea water, he like a float aligns over the sea surface, which provides him with very greater stability during strong storms. When the water is descended, the vessel returns back to the horizontal position and can be transported to a new location.

Inside everything is so arranged that when the coup, everything is adjusted for a new position. The cabins are two doors, which makes it easy to move to a new position. Toilets and some elements in the kitchen are duplicated twice here. The entire process of the coup takes 28 minutes, which is pretty fast for such a giant.

This transfer was built 50 years ago, in 1962 by scientists Fred Fisher and Fred, which needed a quieter and sustainable vessel to study behavior sound waves under water.

Flip was designed to study the height of waves, acoustic signals, water temperature and its density. In order not to create interference with acoustic instruments, the vessel does not have engines, and it constantly needs to be towed to the place of research, where it will be anchored. In the vertical position, the ship becomes extremely stable and quiet.

Already during the very first tests, many important data on the circulation of water, forming storm waves and the movement of seismic waves, temperature interaction between the ocean and the atmosphere, the sounds of marine animals and the set of other important areas are collected.