Cap of Red Armyman Times of the Civil War. Budyanovka - Cap-Bogatar

Name
From "Bogatyrki" to "Frunzovka"

The journalist lives the version that "Budenovka" developed in the first world War: In such helmets, the Russians had to allegedly undergo a parade of Victory on Berlin. However, confirmed evidence was not found. But according to the documents, the competition for the development of uniforms for the working and peasant red army is well traced.

The competition was announced on May 7, 1918, and on December 18, the Revoensive Council of the Republic approved the sample of the Winter Heap - the "helmet" - which introduced the order of January 16, 1919. At first, the helmet was called "Bogatar", in Division V.I. Chapayeva - "Frunzyevka" (by the name of Comandarm-5 M.V. Frunze), but in the end they became called by the name S.M. Budenny, in whose 4th cavalry division of helmets were among the first ...

There were no analogues of the Ostrich Sukonny Kip of Protective Color in the regular armies of Europe. He reminded spherokonic "shells" Ancient Russia With chain, descending on the shoulders of the Barmiths.

Design
Raspberry stars, blue, orange

Budonovka was created for the cold season of the year (although from April 1919 to February 1922 he was already listed by the all-season headdress). Its folded twice, bent up and fastened on two buttons on the sides of the cap. Natock can be lowered and fasten into two buttons under the chin, closing the ears and neck. The front-end star was lying in front of the color of the troops. At the infantry - Malinovaya, cavalry - blue, artillery - orange (from February 1922. Black), engineering troops - black, in armor forces (future car troops) - Red (from February 1922. Black), Aviators - Blue, border guards - green, in the convoy of the guard (from February 1922) - blue.

Until February 1922, the stars had to circle (retreating 3 mm from the edge) black (and for black stars red) a strip of a width of 5-6 mm. On the climbing star were fucked by the Kokard RKKA - a copper red star.

On June 27, 1922, Budyanov was assigned to the Chekists. At first she was dark blue with a dark green cloth star, and in Chekists in transport, from March 1923, - Black with a raspberry star. From April 1923, the star on a dark blue helmet was, depending on the kind of service, black with white edging, gray or blue, and in August 1924, the Chekist helmet (except for transport workers) became dark gray with a crap star.

Battle way
They met from 1941

I have not received great distribution to the civilian standard. The reigning destruction did not allow to disguise the entire Red Army in a new uniform, and the absolute majority of the Red Armyians fought in caps and dads of the Russian army.

On January 31, 1922, they introduced a summer cut-out - from the canvas or cotton fabric of gray or close to him, without a nathound, with two visors - in front and rear. "Hello and Farewell" - so dubbed this "Summer Helmet" (already very strongly reminded the "Pickelhauba" - a german helmet-covered casing with a procure-made imparting). In the summer of 1920, in Northern Tavria there was a case when a white officer - a member of the First World War - could not understand anything, peering in the advancing chains of the Reds. What hell, really the Germans? ..

However, this helmet was inconvenient, and already in May 1924 he was replaced by a fug.

"Classical" of the same cut-out since February 1922 again became the winter headdress of the Red Army. Now this "Winter Helmet" seized not from the protective, but from a dark gray cloth and became more rounded and not so stretched up as in civilian. Especially low, with a slightly pronounced "spire", his silhouette was in 1922 - 1927.

From August to October 1926 (and in fact until the spring of 1927: it was not possible to re-establish a machine "plot" of stars) on him there was no cloth star. From November 1932, the Nazennik from November 1932 was supposed to lower at -6 Celsius and lower.

Since December 1935, the halls of the Air Force, the helmets were dark blue, and auto-thin troops are steel.

On July 5, 1940, Budovo, who poorly defended from the cold in the "Winter War" with Finland, were abolished, replacing the hatching cap. But millions of ruins were sewing for a long time, and cut-off, worn, happened, also in 1941-1942. Recall the film from the parade on Red Square on November 7, 1941 - a division with "on the shoulder" manual machine guns of Lewis (also the Heritage of Civil) marches in cutting. The fighter in the cutting and summer gymnaster (!) Is captured in the picture taken in May 1942 under Kharkov. And the front-line, whose memories recorded the military translator Elena Rzhevskaya, "Helmet-threshold" was issued in March 1943 ...

Legends
Farewell to the "threshold"

Romantic halo appeared from cutting only in the 1950s, when she firmly settled on posters, illustrations, postcards. And already in 1964, the critic Felix Kuznetsov, the author of the author of the "Arctic Roman" owned by Anchushkin on the "duty" image of the Keeper of the revolutionary morality of Santa Surmach - with "a lot of dodge" on the head ...

And before that, the helmet was not very respectful than the "threshing" (due to the stretched up "spire"), and then and the "subwoofer". On the Far East In 1936, one commander loved to ask, showing on the "spire" of the helmet: "And this is what, you don't know? It's when they drink" Turning our mind is indignant "[the third line of the then anthem of the USSR -" International ". - A.S.] , from this spider steam "...

In January 1919, a cloud hat was introduced as the head of the Red Army, a cloth hat was introduced, subsequently called "Budovo" ...

In the first post-revolutionary months, the Red Army and their commanders worn the form of clothing remaining from tsarist army, with business chains. However, the appearance of white armies whose soldiers worn the shape of the same cut, forced the command of the Red Army to get acquainted with the introduction of new elements of uniforms, so that even though in the dark could be easily distinguished by the Red Armyman from White Guard.

"Where does the homeland begins?
From the windows burning away,
With old fatherly dodge
That somewhere in the closet we found.
Or maybe it starts
From the knock of carriages
And from the oath, which in his youth
You brought her in my heart.
How does the homeland begins? .. "

Originally introduced chest sign In the form of a red star, located on top of a wreath, one branch of which was oak. And the other is laurel. In the center of this star, crossed plow and hammer were located, and on July 29, 1918, a metal stars for a headdress with the same plow and hammer was introduced.

Already on May 7, 1918, the People's Commissariat for Military Affairs of the RSFSR announced a competition for the development of new uniforms for military personnel of the Red Army. The competition was attended by V. M. Vasnetsov, B. M. Kustodiyev, M. D. Yazhevsky, S. T. Arkadyevsky and other famous Russian artists.

On December 18, 1918, on the basis of the works submitted to the competition, the republic council approved the republic new Type The Winter Head Upora is a cloth helmet, a form that resembled a medieval "jericho" or shelter with a barmice is part of the Armor of the epic Russian warriors, for which this helmet is originally and received the good name "Bogatar".

There is a legend that the future cutout was created before the revolution as an element of the future parade form of the Russian army. Perhaps the project of such a head-building and existed, but orders for its production in the archives of the royal departments, nor in the archives of the Provisional Government so far not found.

The first description of the winter headdress for all kinds of troops was announced by the order of the RVSR for №116 of January 16, 1919. It was a helmet of the cloth of a protective color on a cotton lining. The helmet cap consisted of six spherical triangles that taper up. A round plate with a diameter of 2 cm, covered with the same cloth, was sewn. The front of the helmet had a stroke oval visor, and behind the back of the Naznik with the elongated ends, fastened under the chin on the buttons.

In folded form, the Natock was fastened with loops on leather vanes to two buttons of the cap, covered with color cloth. A closure star with a diameter of 8.8 cm was fermented over the visor on the helmet. The color by the nature of the troops, outlined along the contour of the Black Cant (for a star from the black cloth, an edging of red paint was provided). In the center of the star was mounted icon Cokard.

The sample of the headwear icon was established by the order of the People's Commissar for Military Affairs on July 29, 1918 No. 594. It was made of yellow copper and had the shape of a five-pointed star with crossed plow and hammer in the center (not to be confused with a sickle and hammer - this emblem appeared on military cokards in 1922). From the front side, the icon was covered with a red enamel. The outer ends of the star fited into a circle with a diameter of 36 mm, and internal - 20 mm.

Sukonny helmet with a sophisticated soft visor had a color five-pointed star with coloring by the family of troops.

So, in the infantry wearing a raspberry star on the helmet, in the cavalry - blue, in artillery - orange (in the order is called "orange" color), in engineering and self-troops - black, airplane pilots and aerostat aerostat airplants - Blue, border guards - traditionally green . The star had a black edging; Accordingly, for black Star introduced red edging.

The helmet was worn in the cold time. Of the three types of similar hats, created for the Red Army, the closure helmets civil War Were the highest and had large stars.

Order of the RVSR for № 628 dated April 8, 1919 was for the first time the uniform of the fighters of the Red Army was regulated. Summer shred, infantry and cavalry overhangs were introduced (in the order they are called cafts) and the headdress. The headdress for the cold season has become a newly approved and somewhat modernized cloth helmet. This sample was called "Budovo" - according to the division S.M. Budenny, in which he first appeared.

The star of the Winter Heap in accordance with the new description had a diameter of 10.5 cm and defended 3.5 cm from the visor.

Among the photos of Budyenny, there is even a photo in Mongolian clothes, but the photo of the Budyanny in Budyanov was found to find with the difficulty.

Despite the introduction of uniform uniforms, until 1922, the troops were not fully secured by them, therefore many kept the uniforms of the old Russian army remaining in large quantities In warehouses or captured by the Red Army as trophies.

Order of the RVSR for No. 322 of January 31, 1922, all previously established objects of uniforms, with the exception of leather laps, which still continued to exist, were canceled, and a single, strictly regulated form of clothing was introduced instead. Mounted single cutlel, shirt and headdress.

Summer helmet was part of the uniform of the Red Army teams for two years and in May 1924 again was replaced by a cap, but winter cuts continued to be used, under the 1922, in 1922, changing the Leson and the colors of Sukna, which became dark gray.

Due to the change in the shape of the helmet, the diameter of the common star decreased (up to 9.5 cm), and on April 13, 1922, the Red Army icon was changed, on which instead of a plow and hammer began to portray the official emblem of the working and peasant state - sickle and hammer.

In 1926, the color of the SUKN helmet was changed again with dark gray back to the protective. With insignificant changes, Budyovka continued to serve as the main winter headdress of the Red Army. In this form, and found Winter WarIn the course of which it suddenly turned out that in a strong frost, Budyanovka keeps heat much worse than the hat-tip, in which the head of Finnish soldiers were shovel.

We were called this ear in those times in those days, and the Finns themselves called it just Turkislakki - a fur hat. It was decided to replace the Budnechnka that was decided, but the replacement process was delayed, and many parts fought in Budanov in the first two and a half years of war. Only when new uniforms were kept in the Red Army, Budyovka finally disappeared from the troops - the last shot of the Red Armyman in Budyanovsky refers to March 1943.

As a "Bogatyr Helmet", stitched for the imperial parade of Victory in Constantinople, became a symbol of the Red Army.

Immediately alleged that the question of the origin of the head of the head of the head, subsequently known as "Budenovka" and the rest of the uniforms corresponding to it, ambiguous and there are several points of view. In the Soviet military and historical literature, the official position was rooted, stating that Budenovka (as well as sinel, a gymnaster, etc., what the speech below) appeared in 1918 and was created specifically for the emerging workers' and peasant Red Army (RKKA). However, in modern historical, and especially popular science literature, the version has been almost not doubtted that this form appeared around 1915 and was developed for the winning parade of the Russian Imperial Army in Berlin and Constantinople. Let's try to figure it out in this case.

The main argument of Soviet historians is the lack of documents that exactly indicate the creation of a new form in the royal government. And indeed it is. None in the military nor in civil archives Such papers have not yet been found. At the same time, the historians at the disposal was the complete set of 1918 documentation, allowing to do, it would seem that completely reliable conclusions. First of all, this is the order of the People's Commissar of Military Affairs No. 326 of May 7, which refers to the creation of a new form committee. It includes the famous Russian artists V. M. Vasnetsov, B. M. Kustodiyev, M. D. Yazhekhevsky, S. Arkadyevsky and others.

The sketches were accepted until June 10 of the same year, therefore, everything was allocated for less than a month. In the same order, it was specified in detail how the People's Commissariat sees a new form. This is important, especially with extremely compressed deadlines. It is also known that at the end of 1918, the first combat part received a new form. It was a Krasnogvardeisky detachment formed in Ivanovo-Voznesensk, who went to the Eastern Front to the troops Mikhail Frunze. And, by the way, the new headdress "Frunzyevka" or "Bogatar" was called. The first equestrian army of the seeds of Budenny then did not have a new form.
It would seem that everything is clear, but only at first glance. There are indirect, but quite documentary evidence.

So, in the study of O. A. Promet of "Start of continuation. Russian Entrepreneurship and Russian Social Democracy »We read:
"... In the intenntent warehouses, a new form was already lying, the concern N. A. Program on the sketches of Vasily Vasnetsov. The form was sewn on orders of the courtyard of his imperial Majesty and was intended for the troops of the Russian army, in which she had to go through the Victory Parade in Berlin. These were debt overlap with "conversations", cloudy helmets stylized for older shells, later known as "Budenovki", as well as sets of leather straps with trousers, kraga and carts, intended for mechanized troops, aviation, crews of armored vehicles, armored traders and scaffolders. This uniform was transferred to the organization of CC to employees of this structure - an armed part of the party. "
So, the first evidence was found. Immediately we note that this is not the only confirmation of the "imperial" version, in the emigrant memoirristka, it also met, but in Soviet Russia This source neglected.

From the description of the "Bogatyrki": "The top of the cap is dull. In its top there is a round plaque-buttons with a diameter of about 2 cm, covered with cloth. To the closed cap from the inside, the cap of the same shape made of bosquitas with a cotton semed lining. Front to the bottom edge of the cap. Two-layer A cloudy visor having six rows of stitching, and the back of the back of the Naznylik, also stitched from two layers of the cloth. The Nazyntel has a triangular neckline in the middle and elongated narrowing ends. At the left end there are two amplified looped loops, and on the right there are two buttons. For folding, the Nazennik is engaged in the width at the upper point of the triangular cutout, and its free ends are bent inside the fold. The angles of a folded nationwichnik with the help of leather wheezes are fastened to the buttons with a diameter of 1.5 cm, covered with instrument cloth .... "

"... in front to the head level, symmetrically in relation to the visor and the front seam, the correct five-pointed star from the instrument cloth with a diameter of 8.8 cm is sewn, and the internal angles on the circle with a diameter of 4.3 cm. Star must have a kant 5-6 MM, applied black paint, retreating 3mm from the edge. In the center of the star is attached "icon-kokard" of the installed sample. "

The second argument is metaphysical, which does not deprive its weights. The fact is that the stylistics of the new form did not fit into the ideology of the revolutionary republic. Old Russian motives, apparently traced in helmets or headers, "Bogatars", free gymnastry shirts and long overcoats with "conversations" (cross-fasteners), emphasized the national affiliation of warriors, which did not fit into the cosmopolitan concept of the world revolution. Under all the documents above, the signature of L. D. Trotsky, which could not miss such a blatant inconsistency. By the way, the stars on Budenovo were originally of blue colorBut they were turned on a red liner with a plow and a hammer. Sickle and hammer, as well as multi-colored (according to the birth of troops), the stars appeared only in subsequent modifications of the form.

At the same time, in the style of work of Vasily Vasnetsov, a new form falls perfectly. The singer of Old Russian Vitya and was, in fact, the creator of the heroic image, which is used in the concept of new patriotic outfit. And evidence that the artist was engaged in developing military form, sufficient. Note that the authorship of V. Vasnetsov does not reject the Soviet military historians, only tolerate the moment of creating a form at a later time.

There is a purely economic aspect. Did it really be in the ruined war and the disorganized revolution of the country for just a few months to sew a sufficient number of sets of new form? It looks utopia. As with the fact that in the month it was possible to develop the concept of uniforms and bring the idea to industrial production to almost immediately. It should be understood which technical conditions and speed of information transfer were in 1918.

Most likely, the form was really already, and the Commission only approved it and improved. Apparently, it's in more than related to symbolism, and not to ideological concept. Trotsky chose a smaller of evil - he, in fact, and there was no other option. Or use what lay in warehouses, or in general, without any new outfit, as originally, the drug addict and offered to do. And the history with the commission and the competition was invented to break the chain of historical continuity, because it's no one for the fighters and the commanders of the Red Army to decide in overcoats sewn for the triumph of the imperial troops. And the lack of documents is probably due to this. Mentions could be destroyed in order not to discredit a new revolutionary mythology, part of which became legendary Budenovo. By the way, the name of the Trotsky himself, after all, also almost tried from the Archives of the Red Army.
So, apparently, the form invented for the parade of Victory in the Great War really existed. It was created by order of the courtyard of his imperial Majesty around 1915-1916.

The ideological concept was developed by the artist Vasily Vasnetsov, perhaps, someone else was helped in technical issues. The form was concerned by the concern M. A. Promet on Siberian factories and kept on army warehouses. It seems that the number of new form sets was not great, which could talk about her parade. Indirectly, this is evidenced by the fact that in practice the new form has shown itself not brilliantly and after 20 years it has completely come out of use.

The final episode was the Finnish war, after which Budenovki were finally replaced by the fur caps-Ushanki, and overcoats - on the vitro and serve.

Article from "Kramol"

Budoveniki rightfully served our soldiers before the beginning of the Great Patriotic War

I will start with a more detailed description of this cap, and you try to guess what our headdress is speech, who wore it and how it is called. "The headpiece consists of a cap on the shape of the head, narrowing up and having a view of a helmet, and bending the natives and a visor. The cap consists of six pieces of the same sized uniform cloth of the protective color of the shape of an equilibried triangle, cross-mounted one with another side of the sides so that the vertices of the triangle converge at the top of the cap, and the top of the cap is made dull.

In the top of the cap, the round plate, covered with cloth, with a diameter of about two centimeters, is involved. From the front to the head of the head removal symmetrically in relation to the visor, a five-pointed star from a colored cloth, facing sharp end up. In the center of the star strengthened the icon-kokard of the established sample with the enamel of the cherry blossom. "

Guess? Well, of course, we are talking about Budenovka, the very legendary Budenovka, about which poems were signed, sang songs, the chastushki was composed. But where did she come from who came up with, and who also developed the above description of the headquarters? All kinds of versions and rumors around this story a great set. There are even such: Budonovka and Sintel with "conversations" were created in the royal time and conceived for the future Parade of Victory in the First World War, she was sewn and lay in warehouses, the Bolsheviks borrowed this form, and roughly speaking, stole, replacing a double-headed eagle five-pointed star.

This version is one of the most common, but there is not a word of truth in it. The strangest thing as in soviet times No one tried to disprove the "royal" version and tell the truth. The reason was pretty banal: all documents and orders associated with the development of a new form of the fighter of the working and peasant Red Army were signed by the actual creator of this army, the People's Commissar for Military and Maritime Affairs, Chairman of the Revoensuit of the Republic of Trotsky.

For many years, his name was impossible not to print, but even to utter out loud, and then, when the image of a ideological wrestler with Bolshevism and Stalinism began to sculpt from Trotsky, because he was nothing, because he was the same bloody maniac, as all the other inhabitants Kremlin. But the fact that in the victory of the Bolsheviks in the civil war Trotsky played an outstanding role, is indisputable fact.

Find, and then to endure from the archives a collection of orders of the revinitioner, signed by Trotsky, was not so simple, but I managed it. Perfectly realizing that, as mentioned in one of the decrees, "Naskoro created by the Red Army is not able to protect the Soviet power from external and internal enemies," which you need to create a truly efficient revolutionary army, Lenin signed several decrees providing for a number of measures to create such Army: They also said about the involvement of former officers of the Tsarist Army, and on the establishment of the Institute of Military Commissars, and a lot.

But in the Kremlin perfectly understood that it was not enough to unwind the Red Armyians ideologically, to explain little for which they are fighting, we must give them weapons, feed, dress, shore. In other words, instead of pursuit, dads and lamps needed a completely new, revolutionary form that would have paid the same as the ideas for which they went to death.

That is why there was an order, finding which, I felt like the same as Schliman, who founded Troy: After all, this document puts everything from the head to his feet and, I am not afraid of this word, is the truth in the last instance.

The situation is announced on the competition for the establishment of the form of uniforms of the working and peasant red army.
The subject of the competition is the design of the uniforms of the working and peasant red army, which encloses - robe, shoes, equipment (for infantry and cavalryman) and headdress.

Requirements that should be taken into account by projects

Forms of uniforms, completely different from old, should be sports and strict, but elegant in their democratic simplicity and in-style spirit folk creativity.
The possible cheapness of uniforms should serve as a common desire when choosing a material for designed forms. Uniforms must be adapted to the time of year, delivering its best hygiene conditions, to protect against cold and do not make blood circulation and respiration.
Uniform forms should not make any particularly bright color and sharp demasking lines in themselves. The protective color of the form is elected by a separate, not included in the competition, optical laboratory research.

Rules for the production of competition
Projects should be presented in form quite clear and clear, with the necessary drawings and, desirable, with drawings in paints and patterns that can ensure the constructive execution of the projects presented. The latter must be filed or sent by mail in sealed envelopes with the indication of the chosen by the author. A leaflet with the last name of the author and, indicating his maiden, should be sealed into a special envelope, which is revealed by the jury after the final ruling on the projects submitted. The last day of filing or sending projects is scheduled for June 10, 1918.

Projects are exhibited for inspection in the premises of the competition at the masking courses of military structures R.-k.K. Army (Moscow, Covarian, the angle of silence, the 5th gymnasium building).

For each of the first twenty projects of uniforms or individual parts (robes, shoes or headdresses), recognized by the Commission who deserves attention, the People's Commissariat for Military Affairs is paid by four hundred rubles in the event of the approval of the project of the entire uniform, and for the approved part of the project for a hundred rubles. The first three best projects are purchased by the Commissariat of the Property of the Russian Federal Soviet Republic For additional rewards of two thousand rubles for a complete project of uniforms, and for the project of individual parts of uniforms for five hundred rubles.

Reading this provision about the competition now, it is impossible not to be surprised by his calm and businesslike tone. Just amazing how it was at that time when soviet authority It was on the verge of survival, when the epidemic was raised, hunger reigned, launched various masters of the gang, to engage in such, it would seem like trifles, like the "sports and strict and elegant style" of the future form, to start a robber with the devises of the contestants, the creation of the jury and the involvement of experts.

It must be said that among the creative intelligentsia, which did not have time to escape abroad, the undertaking with the competition caused an ambiguous reaction: Some mildly laughed, others declared a boycott, but were also the third who were enthusiastically related to the competition.
Among the latter there were such famous masters like Boris Kustodiev and Victor Vasnetsov.

It was quite simple to install this: in one of the archives I found not just photos, and glass negatives, on which the signature of the same Kustodiev is clearly visible. The sketches that he suggested quite original. In one hand, the artist is written: "Summer, camp or passing" - shortened pants, golf, a somewhat Americanized hat. Or such an option: uniform, white shirt, tie, soft hat or carriage. There is a sample of autumn-winter shape: the same short pants, golf, shortened overcoat and jackt.

Others offered a romantic form, resembling clothes of Napoleonic soldiers: here Cyiver, and accelebants, and high narrow boots, and even Sultan on the helmet. Another sample, it is much more practical: the hat, however, reminds Tyrolean, and it is difficult to imagine on the head of the Red Army, but the fasteners on the gymnaster, the so-called "conversations", subsequently fit.

Sketches and other models are preserved, but what is curious: as if conspirable, almost all artists, offering the most courageous solutions for clothing, shook the Red Army in Napti, though leather, but Napti. Apparently, they understood that the Republic boots were not yet affected by the republic.

It happened that none of the samples of the jury did not suit, so representatives of the Commissariat went to another way: from one project they took a chinel, from another gymnaster, from the third the very "conversations" - and eventually a sample was approved from several options .

But with the headdress, the case was more difficult. Neither caskenets, no hats, nor the competition organizers of the competition satisfied. And then the envelope was finally opened, in which the postcard was laid with the image of the well-known heroes Viktor Vasnetsov, and the horses were cut off, and they became visible, besides, only the shoulders and heads of Ilya Muromets, Dobryni Nikitich and Alyosh Popovich. And on their heads, they have helmets, real hedgehogs! And then someone remembered that in the Russian war in the go there were not only forged out of iron, but also made from felt, so-called silent helmets: they were for the pocket of a simple warrior. But the form that bias that iron is the same - they are shown. And this is very important, since when the enemy's saber strikes, the enemy will slide and, therefore, harm causes much less.

The name for the new Golon Upora was born quickly - hero. The sake of fairness should be said that something similar to the Bogatyr helmet suggested not one Vasnetsov, so the final version of the head of the Red Army man was arranged from several: someone had a visor, someone had a shisch, in someone. And finally, on December 13, 1918, it is published ...

Resolution of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic
"According to the report of the Chairman of the Commission for the development of forms of uniforms of the working and peasant Red Army from December 17, No. 113 with the application of the report of the Special Department of the Commission for No. 42:
a) Approve the type of headdress submitted by the Special Department.
b) instruct the Commission to draw up an order with the application of detailed descriptions, drawings, drawings and patterns.
c) Order a commission by order through the Main Military Economic Department of the first batch of 4,000 hats for transmission in part of troops on the selection and order of the RevvinSet. "

Next went detailed description Head Upora from which I started my story. I did not immediately understand why it was necessary, but on the mature reflection came to the conclusion that the reason, as they say, on the surface: the sewing of the hectares was nowhere.

In the country of devastation, all factories are in simple, and sewing several millions of warroys in a centralized order nowhere, and not what. Therefore, the initiative in the manufacture of a new head remove was given to the military tailor.

It is precisely established that the first hedgehogs were put on young Red Armenians Ivanovo-Voznesensk. At the end of 1918, the set in the detachment of Mikhail Frunze was announced in this city. The regiment was quickly formed, dressed in a new form - what, and the cloth and porn in this city are abused - and sent to the Eastern Front to the 25th division, which Chapaev commanded. Already at the assault of Ufa, Chapaevtsy saw that in their division really red warriors were joined - Ivanovo-Wahli fought bravely and bravely. But what is strange, they were stubbornly called Frunzyevka. This name on the Eastern Front was held for quite a long time.

And yet herdies, and then Frunzovka became Budenovo. When and how did it happen? Why did the Red Army women loved this headdress? The reason for this was, of course, the legendary commander himself. By the end of the twentieth year, the name of Budennoy became known not only to every Red Army man, but also every White Guard. One appearance of connants in Budenovo caused a white panic and confusion. After all, Budenovtsev's blades were victory under Tsaritsyn, Voronezh and Castor, under the blows of these blades, the cavalry of Mamontov and Shkuro, officers of the volunteer and Don armies rank.

That's what the week himself was told about one of the battles. "In the village, the straight beam focused five regiments of the cafe and one enemy infantry regiment ... Taking advantage of their carelessness, we surrounded the village and installed their artillery at the most likely white waste paths. At the signal of the attack of the car and machine guns, under the cover of the cavalry squadrons broke into a straight beam. White Guards popped out of houses in horror and fell under the hurricane fire of our machine guns ... And yet some of the Cossack units broke out from the village and rushed to run. It was a panic, still unprecedented for the whole battle life flight. Cossacks on the go were thrown out of themselves all unnecessary, they even threw the battle peaks and rifles, and some, showing the wonders of quirmen, dumped the saddles and jumping, clinging to the mane of their horses. But they managed to escape from the blades of our cavaliers then a little. "

An amazing thing, but the Budyanovka himself did not wear at that time. In one of the archives, I found a photo of the command and political composition of the first equestrian army, made in the spring of 1920 in Maykop. Here are such famous military leaders as Tymoshenko, Voroshilov, Budyanny, Gorodovikov. The commander of a special cavdivion legendary Oleko Dundich was still alive. And that's what is interesting: only two people in Budenovki - putting the steppe-gun and military commissioner of Kharitonov.

Well, if all commanders and political workers (with the exception of two recently returned from the courses from Moscow) are not in Budenovo, therefore, there were no them in the shelves and squadrons. The case, apparently, is that Connans all the time in the saddle, and their calls on the wheels, which means there's nowhere, and there was no time to deploy a workshop that could shelter the entire army. And the centralized supply was then only originated.

But in the photo after the Polish campaign of 1920, weekly and his associates are already in Budenovo! A lot of books were written about the first equestrian and exploits of the Heroes of the Civil War, a lot of books were created, and films were created. And everywhere behind the whistle, the saber, the roar of guns, fierce bayonets and dick attacks of the cavalry is the image of a young red-Armenian - the heir to the epic Russian warriors. There is no wrought chain chain and cast lat on it, but the helmet is all the same, Bogatyr! And let the century of Budenovka had a short-natal - just twenty with a small years, but the glory of her so great that would live in the centuries.