FIPI Ege spelling dictionary. Orphoepic norms
The orthoepic rate is the only possible or preferred version of the correct word pronunciation.
In order not to violate this rate, you should just look more likely to pronouncing dictionary. But there are several rules that you can use.
Nouns names
- In the forms of the nominal case multiple number Emphasis falls on the ending -And is unstable.
For example: airports, Cakes, Elevators, Bows, Cranes, Lecturers, Scarves.
- In the forms of the PAID case of the plural, the end of the end is most often unstable, and the ending - and shock.
For example: accountants, cones, lecturers, cakes, posts, news
BUT: locality, judges - In nouns of foreign origin, emphasis, as a rule, falls on the last syllable.
For example: agent, alphabet, hyphen, dispensary, document, blinds, catalog, necrologist, quarter, parter, apostrophe, percentage, cement, expert, fetish
BUT: forzatz, facsimile - Often in derivative words are stagnant from producing words.
For example: religion - to confess, agreement, contract - to agree on the intention - measure, provision - provide, aristocracy - aristocrat, sign - banner
Bows, fixed stress on the 1st syllable
Beard, V. p., Only in this form of units. h. stress on the 1st syllable
Accountants, R. p. MN. h., Fixed stress on the 2nd syllable
Religion, from: Faith to confess
citizenship
Defis, Isper german languagewhere the emphasis on the 2nd syllable
dispensary, the word came from of English language through through frenchwhere the emphasis is always on the last syllable
Agreement
document
leisure
Blinds, from French, where the emphasis is always on the last syllable
Significance, from adj. significant
Catalog, in one row with the words: dialogue, monologue, necrologist, etc.
Quarter, from German, where the emphasis on the 2nd syllable
korya
Cranes, motionless stress on the 1st syllable
lecturers, lecturers, emphasis on the 1st syllable, as in the word bow (s)
Locality, R. p. MN. h., In one row with a word form: honors, jaws ... But: news
intention
Nedug
News, news, but: locality
Nail, nail, motionless emphasis in all forms of units. h.
Adolescence, from the tag - teen
portfolio
Handrails
beet
Syarots, I. p. MN. h., Emphasis in all forms of MN. h only on the 2nd syllable
Means, I. p. MN. h.
convocation
Customs
Cakes, cakes
chain
scarves like bows
Floor, in one row with the words: Kiosk, controller ...
expert, from French, where the emphasis is always on the last syllable
Adjective names
- The emphasis in the short forms of adjectives and suffering communities always falls on the basis. But in the form of the singular female It is transferred to the end.
For example: created - Created - Created, taken - taken - taken, busy - occupied - occupied, started - started - started.
significant
more beautiful, adjective and adverb comparative degree
Beautiful, excellent adjective degree
kitchen
trap brief adjective g. R.
mosaic
wholesale
Ongo, brief adjective r., in one row with the words: lubricate, fussy, chatty ... but: voracious
plum, formed from: plum
Communion
Dovenayafolded
Busy - busy
Locked - locked
populated - settled
Moved
Nazh
Nalita
Began
Started
Reduced - Reduced
encouraged - encouraged - encouraged
Great
disabled
repeated
Shared
Deludled
Adopted
tamed
lived
Shot - Shot
bent
Verbs
- Many verbs of the last time of the female genus percussion is the ending:
For example: to take away - took away - took away - taken away, understood - I understood - I understood - they understood, start - began - began - began - began; But: put - put - put - put.
- In the verbs formed from adjectives, usually the emphasis falls on the end:
For example: deep - deepen, easy - relieve, cheerful - encourage, cheer
Purchase - taken
Take - took
Take - took
Fit - felt
break - burst
perceive - perceived
Recreate - recreated
Hand - Hand
Digat - Channel
Rather - chasing
Poure - Dobala
get to - got
Wait - waited
get through - will call, you will call
Waiting - waited
Living - lived
procure
occupy - occupied, took, took, occupied
lock - locked
Fur - locked (on the key, on the castle, etc.)
call - svala
call - call, calls, call
put - Klala
lie - Lgala
Pour - Lila
Fur - rave
Breed - Navala
Relieve - Gaslit
Turn around - relieved
Torn - called
Tire - tap
Pour - Nalila
Nature - Narvala
start - began, started, started
Call - call
Easily facilitate
Loss - dreamed
Hang - embraced
overtake - overtook
Sharp - rimmed
encourage
encourage - encouraging
exacerbate
lend - elaborate
angry
go away
Surround - Surrounding
Severed, in one row with the words: form, normalizing, sorting ...
Inquiry - inquiry
Leave - departed
give away - gave
Spindle - otkuporl
withdraw - withdrawal
respond - responded
Pour - overflow
fruit
Repeat - repeat
call - called
call - call - call
Police - Polila
Put - Put
Understand - understood
Send - sent
arrive - arrived - arrived - arrived
Accept - accepted - accepted
Rob - Rvala
Drill - Drilling - Drill
Remove - removed
Create - Created
Tear - Sorvala
Remove - Removed
deepen
Strengthen - strengthen
Crap
Slit - Schemit
click
Tempechastia
BeginningBegan
Got
Raising
Understanding
Profit
Nashia
duringGood
back
infused
Donom.
dryness
Wound
more beautiful, arr. and instant. compared. Art.
Top
For a long time
Not long
In one of the words below, an error is made in the staging of the emphasis: the letter denoting the shock vowel sound is incorrectly highlighted. Write this word.
bent
water pipes
Explanation (see also a rule below).
The error is allowed in the word "bent". Right say "bent". There is a rule: if the emphasis in the infinitive falls on well (bend, bend) or on (spinning, prick), then the emphasis moves to the syllable forward: bent, ridiculous, cheerful. It's easier to remember than to understand.
Answer: Been.
Answer: Been
Relevance: 2016-2017
Difficulty: Normal
Rule: Task 4. Study
Orphoepic standards (stress) are checked in task 4.
From the students you need to write one of the four words, in which the emphasis is not allocated - the impact vowel is indicated by a large letter. In response, the word fits unchanged, without selection large letters. Pay attention to the letter ё: If the word with the error contained this letter, it must be written and in response. For example, from four words:
locked
the first has incorrectly highlighted emphasis. We write out this word in response unchanged, with the letter E. Please note that the question of possible writing e instead of it is solved simply: before each examiner on the exam will be a form in which all allowed letters and signs are indicated. At the moment of time in samples of the letter it is there.
For training in working out the skill of staging, Svezhegé offers as words from the ORFOPIC minimum of the FII (2019), and words that have not included or came out of it.
In the task S. increased level Difficulties Along with words with a clearly erroneous stress included words with two accent options.
Ophoepic Sloves Phi 2019
An important side of orthoepia is emphasis, that is, the sound allocation of one of the symbols of the word. The emphasis on the letter is usually not denoted, although in some cases (when teaching the Russian language of non-Russian) it is customary to put it.
The distinctive features of the Russian stress - its discoveredness and mobility. Dominacy is that the emphasis in Russian can be on any word syllable (the book, signature - on the first syllable; lantern, underground - on the second; hurricane, orphoepium - on the third and t . d.). In some words, the emphasis is fixed on a specific syllable and does not move when the grammatical forms are formed, in others - changes its place (compare: tons - tons and wall - wall - walls and walls). The last example demonstrates the mobility of Russian stress. This is the objective difficulty of absorption of accent norms. "However, - as C.S. is rightly noted. Gorbachevich, if the dimensions and mobility of the Russian stress and create some difficulties in his assimilation, then these inconveniences are completely bothering the opportunity to distinguish with the help of the point of accepted the meaning of words (flour - flour, a coward - a panting, immersed on the platform - immersed in water) and even Functional and stylistic fixedness of accent options (bay leaf, but in Botanic: Lavrovy family).
Particularly important in this regard, the role of stress as a way of expression seems grammatical values And overcoming omonymous wordform. " As established by scientists, most of the words of the Russian language (about 96%) differ in fixed stress. However, the remaining 4% are the most common words constituting the basic, frequency vocabulary of the language.
We give some of the rules of orthoepia in the area of \u200b\u200bstress, which will help to prevent the corresponding errors.
Nouns names
| airports, stationary. 4th syllable stress bows, fixed. Emphasis on the 1st syllable. beard, winep., only in this form of units. h. stress on the 1st syllable accountants, Rod. p. MN. h., Fixed accent on the 2nd syllable religion, from faith to confess citizenship cheapness dispensary, the word came from English. Yaz. through Franz. Dyas., Where to hit always on the last syllable agreement document blinds, from Franz. Jaz. where blow always on the last syllable significance, from adj. significant Iks, im. p. MN. h., fixed. Emphasis obituary quarter, of him. Yaz. where the emphasis on the 2nd syllable kilometer, in one row with the words centimeter, decimeter, millimeter ... cones, cones, still. Emphasis on the 1st syllable in all cases in units. and mn. h. cranes, fixed. Emphasis on the 1st Slog flint, silica, blow. in all forms on the last syllable, as in the word fire lecturers, lecturers, see the word bow (s) | locality, genus. p. MN. h., In one row with a word conformity, jaws ... but news garbage chute, in one row with the words gas pipeline, oil pipeline, water supply intention necrologist, see Catalog hatred news, news, but: see locations nail, nail, stationary. Emphasis in all forms of units. h. adolescence, from the tag - teen parter, from Franz. Jaz. where blow always on the last syllable portfolio dowry call, in one row with the words by calling, feedback (ambassador), convocation, but: review (for publication) orphans, im. p. MN. h., Emphasis in all forms of MN. h only on the 2nd syllable means, im. p. MN. h. convening, see Call carpenter, in one row with the words painted painter, Diare, Scholyar ... cakes, cakes scarves, see bows chaffin, in one row with the words kiosk, controller ... expert, from Franz. Yaz. where the emphasis is always on the last syllable |
Adjective names
In complete forms of the adjectives, only still emphasis on the basis of or at the end is possible. The variability of these two types in the same word forms is explained, as a rule, a pragmatic factor associated with the delimitation of non-consuming or book adjectives and adjective frequency, stylistically neutral or even reduced. In fact, non-considerable and book words are more likely to emphasize, and frequency, stylistically neutral or reduced - at the end.
The degree of mastery of the word is manifested in the variants of the place of accent: a circle and mug, incentable and spare, near-earth and near-earth, minus and minus, cleaning and cleaning. Similar words are not included in the tasks of the egeSince both options are considered correct.
And yet the choice of the place of emphasis causes difficulties most often in brief forms of adjectives. Meanwhile, there is a fairly consistent rate, according to which the shock syllable of the full form of a number of used adjectives remains shock and in brief form: Beautiful - beautiful - beautiful - beautiful - beautiful; unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable, etc.
The number of adjectives with rolling stress in Russian is small, but they are often used in speech, and therefore the stress standards in them need comments.
The emphasis often falls the basis in the form of a plural, as well as in the only number in the male and middle way and on the end of the female form: the right - right - the right - right - rights; gray - gray gray - sulfur - sulfur; Slender - Stored - Slim - Slendy - Slim.
Such adjectives, as a rule, have a single-sided base without suffixes either with the simplest suffixes (-K-, -n-). However, one way or another there is a need to appeal to the orthoepic dictionary, since a number of words "knock out" from the specified norm. You can, for example, speak: Long and length, fresh and fresh, full and full, etc.
It should also be said about the pronunciation of adjectives in a comparative degree. There is such a norm: if the emphasis in the brief form of a female kind falls to the end, then in a comparative degree it will be on the suffix of it: strong - stronger, it is pain - it is greater, alive is more, slim - harder, right - right; If the emphasis in feminine is based on, then in a comparative degree, it is preserved on the basis of: beautiful - more beautiful, sad - sad, disgusting - disappearing. The same applies to the form of an excellent degree.
Verbs
One of the most intense points of emphasis in the consumable verbs is the forms of the past time. The emphasis in the past time usually falls on the same syllable as in infinitive: sitting - sat, moaning - moaning, hiding - hid, start - starting. At the same time, the group of consumable verbs (about 300) is subject to another rule: the emphasis in the form of a female kind goes to the end, and in the other forms remains on the basis. It is the verbs to take, be, to take, throw, lie, chant, give, wait, to live, call, lie, pour, drink, tear, etc. It is recommended to say: live - lived - lived - lived - lived; wait - waited - waited - waited - waited; Pour - Lil - Lilo - Lily - Lila. Also pronounced the derivatives of the verbs (live, pick up, finish, shed, etc.).
The exceptions make up words with the prefix you, which takes the emphasis on yourself: survive - survived, pouring - poured, cause - caused.
In the verbs put, steal, sly, send an emphasis in the form of a female day of the past time remains on the basis of: Slla, sent, Slal.
And another regularity. Quite often, in return verbs (in comparison with non-returnable), the emphasis in the form of the past time passes to the end: to begin - began, began, began, began; Share - began, began, began, began.
About the pronunciation of verb to call in the hidden form. Orphoepic dictionaries of the last time perfectly reasonably continue to recommend emphasis at the end: call, calls, call, call, call. This
the tradition relies on classical literature (primarily poetry), the speech practice of authoritative speakers of the language.
| pamper in one row with words indulge, spoil, break up ..., but: balovd fate breed breast-took take-took take-took enable-turn on, turn on, turn on join-jumped break-burst perceive-perceived recreate-recreated press-handed gnat-chalk chase-chasing poure-Dobala getting-got wait-waited call, gets call, can be donate dose wait-waiting liva-lived procure take-took, taken, occupied, occupied lock-locked shifted - locked (on the key, on the castle, etc.) call-zvala call-call, calls, exhaust put-clan rush - Run lie lgala pilt-lila complete brother-aligned threaten-handle tit-relieved torn - called purchase-tires pour-nasila name narrova nourish-nasal start-started, started, started call-call easily facilitate wall-poured | hope-embraced overtake-overtook sharp-rimmed encourage encourage-encouraging exacerbate borrow-eyed angry surround-surround severed, in one row with the words form, normalize, sort, premium ... decoration inquire-inquiry save-departure give-gave cut off-otkuporl withdraw-withdrawal respond-responded call back - call back purge-overfilted fruit repeat-repeat call-called call-call-call palle-Polila put-put understood-understood send-sent arrived arrival-arrived arrival accept-accepted-accepted-accepted forcibly rip-Rvala drilling-drilling-drill remove-removed create-created thug-Sorvala sorry-Soprit remove-removed sway deepen strengthen-strengthen cheat-spine Emphasis in communion and verbalThe most frequent vibrations of the accent are fixed when pronuncified by brief suffering communals. If stake in B. full form Located on the suffix - and then it remains on it only in the form of a male genus, in the rest of the forms goes to the end: conducted - conducted, carried out, carried out, carried out; Divided - brought, brought, delivered, brought. However, the speakers of the tongue are sometimes difficult to choose the right place of emphasis and in full form. They say: "brought" instead of the brought, "translated" instead of the translated, etc. In such cases, it is worthwhile to contact the dictionary, gradually working out correct pronunciation. Several comments about pronunciation full communion With suffix -t-. If the suffixes of an indefinite form are, they have emphasis on themselves, then in communations, it will switch to one syllable forward: span - flew, prick - bend, bend - bent, wrap - wrapped. Praising communities from verbs pouring and drinking (with a suffix -t-) are distinguished by unstable stress. You can say: spilled and spilled, everything and everything stratum (only!), Solid and shed, sheds and sheds; Dop and doppop, I will add and add, read and dop, doppit and dop, dops and dops. Communion
|
Task wording:
4. In one of the following words, an error is made in the staging of the accepted: the letter denoting the shock vowel sound is incorrectly highlighted. Write this word.
adopted
kitchen
dispenser
Answer: drill.
What do you need to know the students to properly perform the task?
Orphoepic norms of the Russian language.
Distinctive features of Russian stress - its discoveredness and mobility. The distinguishedness is that the emphasis in Russian can be on any syllable of the word (the book, signature - on the first syllable; lantern, underground - on the second; hurricane, orphoepium - on the third, etc.). In some words, the emphasis is fixed on a defined syllable and does not move in the formation of grammatical forms, in others - changes with the place (compare: tons - tons and wall - wall - walls and walls).
Emphasis in adjectives.
In complete forms of the adjectives, only still emphasis on the basis of or at the end is possible. Street and book words more often have an emphasis based, and frequency, stylistically neutral or reduced - at the end.
The degree of language of the word is manifested in the variants of the seat of the accent: a circle and mug, spare and spare, near-earth and coogeneous, minus and minus, cleaning and cleaning. Such words are not included in the tasks of the USE, since both options are considered correct. !!!
1. The choice of the place of emphasis causes difficulties most often in brief forms of adjectives. The shock syllable of the full form of a series of used adjectives remains shock and in brief form: Beautiful - beautiful - beautiful - beautiful - beautiful; unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable, etc.
2. Station often falls on the basis of the form of a male, medium kind and mn. numbers and the end in the form of a female genus: right - right - right - right - right; gray - gray gray - sulfur - sulfur; Slender - built - Slunno -stroy - Slim.
3. It also also to say about the pronunciation of adaptation in a comparative degree. There is such a norm: if the emphasis in the brief form of a female genus falls on the end, then in a comparative degree it will be on the suffix - it is strong - it is stronger, it is painful - it is more painful, it is strong, harmoniously, right - to the right; If the emphasis in feminine is based on, then in a comparative degree, it is preserved on the basis of: beautiful - more beautiful, sad - sad, disgusting - disappearing. The same applies to the form of an excellent degree.
Accent in verbs.
1. The stress in the past time usually falls on the same syllable as in infinitive: sitting - sat, moaning - moaning. Squat - hid, start - started.
2. A group of used verbs (about 300) is subject to another rule: the emphasis in the form of a female kind goes to the end, and in the other forms remains on the basis. These verbs take. Being to take, vite, lie, chant, give, wait, live, call, lie, pour, drink, tear, etc. It is recommended to say: live - lived - lived - lived - lived; wait -hew - waited - waited - waited; Pouring - Lilo - Lilibli. Also pronounced the derivatives of the verbs (live, pick up, finish, shed, etc.).
3. The verbs with the prefix you are, have an emphasis on the console: to survive - survived, pouring - poured, call -hawed.
4. In the verbs, put, steal, sly, send an emphasis in the form of a female day of the past time on the basis of: Crall, Slla, sent, Slal.
5. Quite often in return verbs (in comparison with non-returnable), the emphasis in the form of the past time goes to the end: started, started, began, began, began; Share - began, began, began, began.
6. On the pronunciation of the verb to call in the hidden form. Orphoepic dictionaries of the last time perfectly reasonably continue to recommend emphasis at the end: call, calls, call, call, call.
Emphasis in some communions and adapters.
1. The most frequent fluctuations in the emphasis are fixed when pronuncified by brief suffering communals. If the emphasis in full form is on the suffix - it remains on it only in the form of a male genus, in the remaining forms goes to the end: conducted, carried out, carried out, carried out, carried out; The delivered - brought, brought, brought, are delivered.
2. This comments on the pronunciation of complete communities with suffix is \u200b\u200b-T-. If the suffixes of an indefinite form are, -the, they have an emphasis on themselves, then in the parties it will turn on one syllable forward: it is also flewing, to prick - bend, bend - bent, wrap-shrouded.
3. The designer can often have emphasis on the same syllable as in the indefinite form of the corresponding verb: invested, asking, the bay, taking, writing, having exhausted (it is impossible: exhausted), starting, lifting, agreed, by watering, putting, revealing, betraying, Having made the arrival by accepting, by selling, shedding, putting, spooking, creating.
Emphasis in adverbs will mainly be studied by memorizing and appealing to the orthoepic dictionary.
I cite a list of words that are found in the task number 4 (it must be learned).
Nouns names
airports, stationary. 4th syllable stress
bows, fixed. Emphasis on the 1st Slog
beard, winep., only in this form of units Emphasis on the 1st Slog
accountants, Rod.p.Mn.ch., stationary. Stripping on the 2nd Slog
religion, from faith to confess
water pipes
gas pipeline
citizenship
dEFIS, of NAM.Y.YU., where the emphasis on the 2nd syllable
cheapness
dispensary, the word came from English. Yaz. through Franz. Dyas., Where to hit always on the last syllable
agreement
document
blinds, from Franz. Jaz. where blow always on the last syllable
significance, from adj. significant
Ikers, im.p. MN.C., stationary. Emphasis
catalog, in one row with the words dialogue, monologue, necrologist, etc.
quarter, of him. Yaz. where the emphasis on the 2nd syllable
kilometer, in one row with the words centimeter, decimeter, millimeter ...
cones, cones, stationary. Emphasis on the 1st syllable in all cases in the EN.
cranes, fixed. Emphasis on the 1st Slog
flint, silica, blow. in all forms on the last syllable, as in the word fire
lecturers, lecturers, see the word bow (s)
locality, rod.p.mn.ch., in one row with a word conformity, jaws ... but news
garbage chute, in one row with the words gas pipeline, oil pipeline, water supply
intention
necrologist, see Catalog
hatred
pipeline
news, news, but: see locations
nail, nail, stationary. Emphasis in all forms of units
exercises
Adolescence, from the tag - teen
parter, from Franz. Jaz. where blow always on the last syllable
portfolio
dowry, sowing.
call, in one row with the words by calling, feedback (ambassador), convocation, but: review (for publication)
orphans, im.p.mn.ch., emphasis in all forms of MN.C. Only on the 2nd syllable
means, im.p.mn.ch.
joiner, in one poison with the words painted, Doyar, Scholyar ...
convening, see Call
shorthand
dancer
cakes, cakes
fluorography
christian
scarves, see bows
chaffin, in one row with the words kiosk, controller ...
expert, from Franz. Yaz. where the emphasis is always on the last syllable
Adjective names
verne, brief adjustment. J.R.
pear
lady
significant
beautiful, excellent.
kitchen
clean, short adjustment. J.R.
salmon
mosaic
ongo, short adjustment. J.R., in one row with the words of lubricant, fussy, chatty ..., but: voracious
plum, formed by plum
Verbs
pamper, in one row with the words indulge, spoil, break up ..., but: balovd fate
favor
breed
breast-took
take-took
take-took
enable-turn on,
turn on, turn on
join-jumped
break-burst
perceive-perceived
recreate-recreated
press-handed
gnat-chalk
chase-chasing
poure-Dobala
getting-got
wait-waited
calm-call
can be donate
dose
wait-waiting
liva-lived
procure
take-off, took, occupied, occupied
shifted - locked (on the key, on the castle, etc.)
call-zvala
call-call, calls, call
exclude-exclusive
exhaust
put-clan
rush-cut
bleed
lie lgala
pilt-lila
complete
brother-aligned
threaten-handle
tit-relieved
torn - called
purchase-tires
pour-nasila
name narrova
nourish-nasal
start-started, started, started
call-call
easily facilitate
wall-poured
hope-embraced
overtake-overtook
sharp-rimmed
encourage
encourage-encouraging
exacerbate
borrow-eyed
angry
surround-surround
severed, in one row with the words form, rational, sort ...
decorating-recycled
inquire-inquiry
save-departure
give-gave
cut off-otkuporl
withdraw-withdrawal
respond-responded
call-call back
purge-overfilted
mold
fruit
repeat-repeat
call-called
call-call-call
palle-Polila
put-put
understood-understood
send-sent
arrived arrival-arrived arrival
accept-accepted-accepted - accepted
forcibly
rip-Rvala
drilling-drilling-drill
remove-removed
create-created
thug-Sorvala
sorry-Soprit
remove-removed
sway
deepen
strengthen-strengthen
petition
slit-Schemit
Communion
balked
included-turned on, see the rendered
dovenaya
folded
busy-busy
locked locked
populated-set
spoiled, see Balked
feeding
bleeding
nazh
htized-cost
pouring - Nalita
hired
began
degraded-reduced, see turned on ...
encouraged-encouraged-encouraged
great
defined-defined
disabled
repeated
shared
deludled
adopted
tamed
lived
shot-removed
bent
Tempechastia
purchasing
began
Nashia
infused
also, in the meaning of the fag
body, spoken
wound
more beautifully, acceleration. in comparant.
The orthoepic dictionary of the Russian language is a dictionary of Russian words, indicating their literary pronunciation and stress. Often orthoepic dictionaries and stress dictionaries are considered equivalent. However, the correct pronunciation of some words of the Russian language reflects it is an orthoepic dictionary, as it notes unreleased consonants in the root (sun, agency), pronunciation [E] instead of [E] (Babi, meringue, manager), the use of the letter E instead of E (Scam, and Not Africa; engraver, not engraving), endings in words (demonsky, and not demonskoy; visa, and not a visa), combination -chd- (bakery [SCH]) and other norms.
List of off -hapic dictionaries indicating the author, titles and year of publication:
- Verbickskaya L. A. and others. Let's talk right! Difficulties of modern Russian pronunciation and stress: a short dictionary-directory. M., 2003.
- Gorbachevich K.S. A dictionary of the difficulties of pronunciation and stress in modern Russian: 1200 words. St. Petersburg., 2000.
- Ivanova T. F., Cherkasova T. A. Russian speech. Comprehensive directory. M., 2000.
- Orphoepic dictionary of the Russian language: pronunciation, emphasis, grammatical forms / S. N. Borunova, V. L. Vorontsova, N. A. Yesakova; Ed. R. I. Avanesov. M., 1983; 4th ed., Ched. M., 1988; 5th ed., Act. and add. M., 1989; 8th ed., Act. and add. M., 2000.
- Kalenchuk M. L., Kasatkina R. F. Dictionary of the difficulties of Russian pronunciation: OK. 15000 words. M., 1997.
- Borunova S. N. and others. Orphoepic dictionary of the Russian language: pronunciation, emphasis, grammatical forms. OK. 63,500 words / ed. R. I. Avanesov. M., 1983.
- Vorontsova V. L. Russian literary stress of the XVIII - XX centuries. Forms of word. M., 1979.
- Russian literary pronunciation And stress / ed. R. I. Avanesova, S. I. Ozhegova. M., 1955; 2nd ed. M., 1960.
- Avanesov R. I. Russian literary pronunciation. M., 1950; 5th ed. M., 1972.
- Ogienko I. I. Russian literary emphasis. 2nd ed. 1914.
List of stress dictionaries is shown on
Among the 27 tasks of Kim in the Russian language in 2019, there will be traditionally questions on orthoepia, so at the preparation stage it is important to learn all the words included in the orthoepic minimum of the EGE compiled by FII.
Orphoepium - section of the Russian language, studying the norms and rules for pronunciation of words and alignment of the stress.
Orphoepic standards in oral speech
Compliance with orpheepic standards - important rating parameter oral speechBut the wrong pronunciation of words and incorrect stress cut the hearing of the surrounding and characterize the speaker, as a human illiterate and uneducated.
Among millions of words, the sound of which everyone has a hearing, there is a small group, the memorization of which for many people is problematic.
It is worth noting that the norms of orthoepia are not static. Over time, the pronunciation of some words is changing under the influence of various factors. All modern standards are collected in an orthoepic dictionary, but for successful delivery in 2019 year of ege In the Russian language, graduates of 11 classes will be quite well to know the orthoepic minimum, which includes about 300 words.
Structure of China 2019
The exam in Russian lasts 3.5 hours (210 minutes).
2019 ticket for Russian language will include 27 tasks, 5 of which will be aimed at checking how the graduate owns language standards Oral speech. Among these tasks, the exam, 2019 will definitely be issued to the alignment of stress in the words included in the orpheepic minimum.
All target tasks will be divided into difficulty levels as follows:
Thus, for the correct execution of 27 tasks, the examiner will be able to score 58 primary points.
List of words for tasks for orthoepia
Especially for students of the 11th grade, passing the stage of preparation for the exam, 2019, in FIII, amounted to an orthoepic minimum - mini-dictionary, which indicates all the drums of vowels in difficult to memorize words.
We bring to your attention such a dictionary with a convenient division of words by alphabetically and an indication of the correct stress.
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