Ege Russian language year. And what are the paths

Secondary general education

Russian language

Analysis of the early version of the exam-2018 in the Russian language

We present to your attention an early version of the exam in Russian, offered to graduates in the exam at the end of March. For you, we have prepared an analysis of the FIPI assignments that were early exam on the Russian language, with answers, as well as a selection of previously published materials to help teachers-philologists to prepare for exams and a number of manuals that will help to successfully pass the Unified State Exam in Russian.

Part 1

Read the text and complete assignments 1-3.

(1) Astronomy, like all other sciences, arose from the practical needs of man. (2) With the development of society, more and more new problems were put forward before astronomy, for the solution of which more perfect methods of observation and more accurate methods of calculations were needed. (3)<...>Gradually, the simplest astronomical instruments began to be created and mathematical methods for processing observations were developed.

1. Indicate two sentences in which the MAIN information contained in the text is correctly conveyed. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

The practical needs of man led to the emergence of astronomy, which developed independently of the development of human society.

The emergence and development of astronomy are closely related to the practical needs of man, requiring more advanced methods of observation and calculation methods, in connection with which the simplest astronomical instruments began to be created and more advanced mathematical methods for processing observations were developed.

With the development of human society, astronomy was faced with problems that needed more advanced observation methods and more accurate calculation methods.

The origin and development of astronomy is explained by the needs of man, which demanded more advanced methods of observation and calculation methods, for which astronomical instruments began to be created and mathematical methods for processing observations were developed.

The creation of the simplest astronomical instruments and the improvement of mathematical methods for processing observations led to the development of astronomy.

Completing the assignment:
It is recommended that you find two identical statements before reading the text. To do this, you first need to highlight the keywords. In this task, options 2 and 4 are almost the same. But the text itself should still be read in order to check the answer and move on to task 2.

Answer: 2, 4

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2. Which of the following words (combination of words) should be in place of the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).

After all
therefore
Although
In spite of this,
but

Completing the assignment:
If you catch the shades of meanings service units speech is difficult, the hint can be found in the previous task. It is easy to guess that the combination of the words "in connection with what" replaces the meaning of the word "therefore".

Answer: therefore

3. Read the snippet vocabulary entry, in which the meanings of the word SOCIETY are given. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the second (2) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

SOCIETY, -a, cf.

In a noble environment: a narrow circle of selected people. Accepted in society. To be in society.

A voluntary, permanent association of people to achieve a goal. O book lovers. All-Russian about. nature protection. Sports societies.

This or that environment of people, company. Get into a bad about. The soul of society.

A collection of people united by historically determined social forms living together and activities. Feudal Fr. Capitalist Fr.

someone what. Joint stay with someone. Shun someone else's. society. In the company of old friends.

Completing the assignment:
Words with an ambiguous interpretation in each text are used, as a rule, only in one of their meanings (unless, of course, the author tried to create a play on words). In order to understand the meaning of the word "society" used in the sentence "With the development of society, more and more new tasks were put forward before astronomy", we highlight the key words in each of the five interpretations. The fifth point is definitely not suitable for us: we are talking about the development of society, and living together cannot develop. The first four values can be grouped by common feature- uniting people. If the text talks about changing science, then it means a long period time. A narrow circle of the elite (point 1), a voluntary association (point 2) and a company (point 3) could not last that long. As the only true one, there remains only option 4.

Answer: 4

4. In one of the words below, a mistake was made in the formulation of stress: the letter denoting a stressed vowel sound is WRONGLY highlighted. Write this word down.

mosaic
will facilitate
convocation
locked
funds

Completing the assignment:
Most likely, on the exam you will have to choose from the words "mosaic" and "make it easier". It can be confusing that many say “lightweight”. In this case, when performing this task, it is appropriate to recall the rhyme: "We need to heal the wounds in order to ease the suffering",
And, of course, do not forget that the stress of verbs often falls on the last syllable.

Answer: mosaic

5. In one of the sentences below, the highlighted word is WRONG. Correct lexical error by selecting a paronym for the highlighted word. Write down the chosen word.

When the young specialist was PROVIDED to speak, there was silence in the hall.
The forward scored two goals and made one efficient PASS.
The purpose of the program is to expand the opportunities for talented students for professional growth, inventive activity.
During heavy rain, the barrels in the garden OVERFILL with water.
The wonderful role of the GREAT actor brought him national love and fame.

Completing the assignment:
The word "inventive" can only be used in relation to a person: an inventive student. Activity can be inventive.
Let's remember the meanings of these paronyms - words that are similar in sound and morphemic composition, but differing in lexical meaning:

Inventive- resourceful, quick-witted, capable of inventing: an inventive hostess, an inventive craftsman, an inventive child.
Inventive- related to invention, to the inventor: invention bureau, law, creativity, competition.

Answer: inventive

6. In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and spell the word correctly.

Get well soon
Baked pie
WALL-OFF tables
Foliage crumbling
famous DESIGNERS

Completing the assignment:
The word "tables" - male, and the "both" form suits him. For "shelves" or "couches" the form "both" would fit, since these words are feminine.
It's hard to make a mistake in the word "constructor" - almost no one says that.
Spelling the words "speedy" and "wobble" doesn't seem difficult, because that's what we say. But in the word "bake" there is clearly a mistake.
Remember:
When conjugating the verb BAKE, one of the forms is correct: BAKE. At the same time: BAKE, BAKE, BAKE, BAKE.

Answer: bake

7. Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and sentences in which they are allowed: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Grammatical errors:

A) an error in the construction of a sentence with homogeneous members

B) misuse case form a noun with a preposition

C) incorrect construction of a sentence with adverbial turnover

D) violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover

E) violation of the species-temporal correlation of the verb forms of the Sentence

Offers:

1) Only after arriving at the unit, we received permission to move in.

2) The article talks about ancient culture, as well as contemporary art.

3) Russian teachers annually hold professional competitions, during which they shared their accumulated work experience with each other.

4) There were not so many who did not visit the art gallery.

5) The buds of carnations swayed on thin legs, which had not yet fully blossomed.

6) Through use innovative technologies the quality of the products has significantly improved.

7) The belief that any newborn is sure to speak some language has given rise to a whole chain of experiments.

8) The young performer not only loved classical music, but also jazz.

9) After changing the title of the play, a new poster was prepared.

Completing the assignment:
It is best to solve this task gradually: by eliminating simple and accurate answers.
First, let's figure out what is easiest to find.
Point A - an error in the construction of a sentence with homogeneous members. This formulation is suitable for many variants of errors that are associated with homogeneous members. Therefore, it is not worth starting from this point.

It is best to start with point B - misuse of the case form of a noun with a preposition. Most often, the correct answer is given by prepositions thanks, according to, in spite of, in spite of, which require the dative case. More rare are other derivative prepositions: upon arrival, upon departure. And in paragraph 6 we see: "Through use." The Dative case must be "use".
B - 6

Then we will look for participial and participial phrases. This is not difficult: there is only one participial phrase in this task - in paragraph 5. In the sentence under this paragraph, an obvious inconsistency of words is visible.
D - 5

Let us recall the questions of the participle: what to do? what having done? There are two adverbial turns. You need to choose from the proposals under paragraphs 1 and 9. Highlight the turnovers and basics. Now you need to make sure that these sentences are not impersonal. If there is an impersonal sentence, then it will definitely be a mistake, because adverbs are not used in such sentences. An important point, to which you need to pay attention: the action described in the adverbial turnover must be performed by the one named in the subject: We could arrive at the unit (point 1), but the poster could not change the name (point 9).
AT 9

It is also not difficult to detect a violation of the species-temporal correlation of verb forms. It is necessary to highlight the verbs in the remaining sentences and pay attention to their forms. Now we find a temporary or specific discrepancy: spend - present tense, shared - past tense.
D - 3

Items 1, 2, 4, 7, 8 remain.
There are no homogeneous terms in sentences 1, 4 and 7. Remaining 2 and 8.
In sentence 2, the "and" is alarming. There are proposals with a non-existent union "not only, ... but also." There is no "not only", which means that this is the correct option.
The predicate and the addition in the 8th sentence cannot be homogeneous in any way!
A - 8

Answer:
A - 8
B - 6
AT 9
D - 5
D - 3

This collection contains many exercises and dictations of varying difficulty that will help you prepare for exams in the Russian language. The assignments are prepared taking into account the curriculum of the entire school course. The manual will be useful not only for high school students and applicants, but also for teachers of the Russian language and teachers preparatory courses universities. Exercises form the basis of this manual. Theoretical information is presented as a grammatical commentary or material for reference. An important element is the generalizing text dictations placed at the end of each section. The manual is intended for high school students and applicants, teachers of the Russian language and teachers of preparatory courses for state universities. It will help not only repeat the school curriculum, but also effectively prepare for passing the OGE and USE, as well as to entrance exams to the university.

8. Identify the word missing the unstressed verifiable vowel of the root. Write this word by inserting the missing letter.

ab..nement
pr..stizh
ecology
et..label
p..rket

Completing the assignment:
From the entire list of words, the test can only be matched to the word "ecology": ecologist.

Answer: ecology

9. Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write these words by inserting the missing letter.

pa ... put, and ... thing
continuous, break
not ... visual, go ... go
ra .. count, and .. give
oh ... pulled, on ... bit

Completing the assignment:
To solve this task, let's remember the spelling of the prefixes:

positioned, calculated - C is written in front of the deaf;

izdelya, izdat - З is written before the voiced ones;

The OT- and NAD- prefixes do not change: pulled it back, took a bite;

CONTINUOUS - the prefix PRESENT stands for "interrupt";

breakdown - the prefix PRI- is used in the meaning of "approximation";

the prefixes HA- and ZA- do not change.

Answer: darling, come in

10. Write down the word in which the letter E is written at the place of the pass.

endured
messy ... out
I mean
thrown
cutting ...

Completing the assignment:
When completing this task and task number 11, you can pronounce the words, then, probably, you will hear what letter is written in the word: meant. But it is also necessary to remember that the suffixes -CHIV- and -LIV- are written with I. It is also recommended to repeat the spelling of the verb suffixes.

Answer: meant

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11. Write down the word in which the letter I is written at the place of the pass.

covered ... you
missed
unacceptable (conditions)
disappear ... you
very ... my

"Missing" and "disappear" are heard very clearly, but other words can be pronounced differently. It is best to explain the spelling of a particular letter:

You will grow stiff - an exception, 1 ref. (shave, lay, build), in the personal ending it is written E.

Omitted is a passive participle, the infinitive Skip is not -at / -yat, so the suffix -EN (N) - is written.

If you disappear - what will you do? what to do? - to disappear. 1 ref, in the personal ending it is written E.

Unacceptable, tormented: suffixes verbal adjectives and the participles -EM - / - IM- are checked by conjugation. Torment - 2 sp.

Answer: tormented

12. Define a sentence in which NOT with the highlighted word is written LITTLE. Expand the parentheses and write this word out.

The vines of willows and the leaves of the oak shine like lips (NOT) WASTE by hand.
We remained in (NOT) DOUBT when the strange guest suddenly left.
(NOT) CONSCIOUS of their destiny, the heroes of the plays by A.P. Chekhov's life is often pointless.
The potatoes in the gardens are still (NOT) DIGGED.
Small tragedies of an individual remain (NOT) NOTED by anyone.

Completing the assignment:
When performing this task, you need to check whether each specific word is used without a NOT. The word "understanding" does not exist. So this is the correct answer.
Let's check the rest of the words:

not wiped by the hand, not noticed by anyone - participles with dependent words;

without realizing - not with a gerunds;

not dug up - not with a short participle.

Answer: bewildered

13. Define a sentence in which both selected words are written LITTLE. Expand the brackets and write out these two words.

(BEFORE) THEN he turned the ruler of the compass (IN) the direction in which the boy disappeared.

THAT (SAME) expression of readiness for decisive action appeared on Artyom's face as when we first met, (FOR) WHAT even his eyes expressed the same confidence.

I (THAT) HOUR went to the Tatarinovs in such a way that I (WOULD) not find Nikolai Antonovich.

(B) FOR some time, Vera has received ardent and passionate love letters from an unknown person, but (STILL) does not attach any importance to them.

Onegin, just like the hero of B. Konstan, is smart, but emphatically indifferent to the people around him and (AT THAT) does not see anything in life worthy of his spiritual efforts.

Completing the assignment:
It is best to do the task according to this algorithm:

Find words that, without any doubt, are written with a hyphen: something, something, or something, after all, double adverbs. Specifically in this task, we will not find such words.

See if there are words that are uniquely spelled separately. These are prepositions with nouns and pronouns, the words "just", "all the same", "like", "something". The proposal from point # 1 is definitely not suitable. "In that" will not be fused in any case, because this is a preposition with a pronoun.

Now you can find the words "During (and)" and "in continuation (and)". They are often found in such tasks, and in any case they are written separately. Sentence 4 can be deleted.

It is necessary to see if the task contains the words WHAT (WERE), THAT (SAME) and SO (SAME). As a rule, there should be no difficulties with them either. It is important to determine if the particle can be removed. As a result, it turns out that sentences 2 and 5 do not fit.

Now we need to check the remaining option: “immediately” is written together, “so” cannot be removed or rearranged “would”.

Answer: immediately to

14. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N. is written.

At the celebration of the (1) th ceremony of presenting the state (2) awards, she delivered (3) in the flame (4) speech, which made a strong impression on the workers gathered in the hall (5) of the rear.

Completing the assignment:
The task is not difficult, here you need to remember the spelling of each word:

solemn, state, fiery - the suffix -ENN- in canceled adjectives;

pronounced - a short participle with H;

for a worker - (one N) the spelling of this word must be remembered.

Answer: 3, 5

15. Arrange punctuation marks. Indicate two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

A heartfelt love for native places and snow-covered expanses beckons to itself gives rise to thoughts about the bitterness of loss and anxiety for the future.

The language itself contains images and rhythm and rhymes and alliteration.

The language is diverse and polyphonic and multi-toned.

Either thoughts, or memories, or dreams wandered in his head.

The air is light and clear and the river is frozen.

Completing the assignment:
For the correct placement of punctuation marks, we determine the composition of the sentences:

A heartfelt love for their native places and snow-covered expanses beckons to itself, gives rise to thoughts about the bitterness of loss and anxiety for the future. This sentence contains homogeneous predicates.

The language itself contains images, rhythm, rhymes, and alliteration. Here we see a repeating union.

The language is diverse, polyphonic, and multi-toned. Notice the repeated conjunctions again.

Either thoughts, or memories, or dreams wandered in his head. Here we see three homogeneous members with a double conjunction.

The air is light and clear, and the river is frozen. And this is a complex sentence.

Answer: 1, 5

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16. Arrange the punctuation marks: write the number (s), which should be replaced by a comma (s) in the sentence.

After completing the first stage of preparation (1), you can add (2) finely chopped truffles (3) or (4) pre-cooked mushrooms to the dish.

Completing the assignment:
First, we select the adverbial turnover.
In this sentence, participial phrases appear before the defined words. The words being defined here are not personal pronouns. The adverbial phrases in this sentence do not have additional meanings, which means there is no reason to isolate these phrases.

Answer: 1

17. Arrange any missing punctuation marks: write the number (s) followed by the comma (s).

I love (1) you (2) my damask (3) dagger (4)
The comrade is light and cold.
A pensive Georgian forged you in revenge,
A free Circassian sharpened for a formidable battle.<...>
You were given to me as a companion (5) love pledge (6) dumb (7)
And the wanderer in you is not a useless example:
Yes, I will not change and I will be firm in my soul
How are you, how are you (8) my friend (9) iron.

(M.Yu. Lermontov)

Completing the assignment:
Here it is worth carefully reading the poem to the end. In this case, it is possible to highlight the appeals. Do not snatch from a poem single words without having read the entire line. You need to think about the meaning of the last two lines: after all, if you put a comma in place (9), then it turns out that the lyric hero himself consists of iron.

Answer: 2, 4, 5, 7, 8

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18. Arrange the punctuation marks: write the number (s), in the place of which (s) in the sentence should be (s) a comma (s).

Since then, every time (1) when we come across a composer (2) without laughing, he cannot recall this incident (3) which we have become involuntary witnesses (4).

Completing the assignment:
This task is a little more difficult than all practically identical tasks under number 18, which can be found in CMMs. It is important here to emphasize the basics and draw the outline of the proposal. This will make it easier to place punctuation marks. It must be remembered that in sentences from this assignment the pronoun "which" will always be inside the clause.

[Since then, every time (when we come across a composer somewhere), he cannot recall this incident without laughing], (which we have become involuntary witnesses).

Answer: 1, 2, 3

19. Arrange the punctuation marks: write all the numbers, which should be replaced by commas in the sentence.

I really wanted to see my former classmates (1) and (2) when our meeting took place (3) I asked them (4) if they miss school.

Completing the assignment:
Here we see the junction of alliances: compositional and subordinate. It is difficult to understand whether to put a comma in the case under number (2). To do this, you need to mentally remove subordinate part and see how the proposal would be perceived without it.

I really wanted to see my former classmates, and I asked them ...

The sentence reads fine, so the comma under number (2) should be here.

The difficulty lies in the fact that it is subordinate clause with the LI union. Not everyone recognizes it, it is rare.

[I really wanted to see my former classmates], and, (when our meeting took place), [I asked them], (do they miss school).

Answer: 1, 2, 3, 4

20. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the selected word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language.

Athletes have to train intensively for more than one year to win a world record.

Completing the assignment:
With this task, as well as with task number 6, many had problems.
There are many synonyms in Russian, and this sentence can be corrected in different ways. Winning more medals, but certainly not records. Therefore, the words "beat", "installed", "set" are suitable here.

Answer: beat, set, set

Read the text and complete assignments 21–26.

(1) Captain Sumskov glanced around the Red Army men who had lined up and, slightly agitated, said: - Comrades! (2) The order was received: to take up defensive positions at the height behind the farm, at the crossroads. (3) Defend the height until reinforcements arrive. (4) Is the task clear? (5) For last days we have lost a lot, but we have retained the regiment's banner, and the regiment's honor must be preserved. (6) We will hold on to the last! (7) An infantry regiment set out from the farm. (8) Zvyagintsev nudged Nikolai with his elbow and, with animated eyes shining, said: - To go into battle with a banner is appropriate, and to retreat with it - just God forbid! (9) How do you suppose we will resist? (10) Nikolai nodded decisively. - (11) We must resist! (12) Near the windmill, a barefoot white-headed boy of about seven years old, who was grazing geese, ran closer to the road, stopped, slightly moving his ruddy lips, admiringly examining the burnt grass passing by. (38) Near the nearest tank, the grass was burnt out, small tongues of flame, almost invisible in the daylight, darted along the tops of the feather grass, the charred, dark skeletons of stationary tanks were smoking on the slope. (39) Nikolai did not hear the earth-shaking, landslide roar of the explosion, he did not see a large mass of earth heavily rearing next to him. (40) A compressed, tight wave of hot air swept away the embankment of the front breastwork into the trench, and forcefully threw Nikolai's head back. (41) Nikolai woke up when the planes, having dumped their cargo from two approaches, had long since retired and the German infantry, having begun the third attack in a row, approached the defense line almost closely, preparing for the decisive throw. (42) A fierce battle was raging around Nicholas. (43) Only a few soldiers of the regiment held out from the last forces; their fire was weakening: there were few people capable of protecting; hand grenades were already used on the left flank; the survivors were already preparing to meet the Germans with the last bayonet strike. (44) Having overtaken the fleeing Germans at the very ravine, Zvyagintsev and the others began to work with bayonets, far behind the Red Army men rushing forward, heavily falling on his wounded leg, Sergeant Lyubchenko walked, holding the banner in one hand, pressing the machine gun to his side with the other; the wounded captain Sumskov crawled out of the trench broken by a shell ... (45) Leaning on his left hand, the captain crawled down from a height, following his soldiers. (46) There was no blood in his lime-white face, but he still moved forward and, throwing his head back, shouted in a childishly thin, breaking voice: - Eagles! (47) My dear ones, go ahead! .. (48) Give them life!

(According to M.A.Sholokhov⃰)

⃰ Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov (1906-1984) - Russian Soviet writer, screenwriter, journalist, war correspondent, laureate Nobel Prize on literature.

21. Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Enter the answer numbers.

Completing the assignment:
You need to find and underline the words from this assignment in the text.

After the explosion of the shell, the wounded captain Sumskov continued to maintain the morale of the Red Army soldiers.
This statement corresponds to the sentence in the text:
(44) Having overtaken the fleeing Germans at the very ravine, Zvyagintsev and the others began to work with bayonets, far behind the Red Army men rushing forward, heavily falling on his wounded leg, Sergeant Lyubchenko walked, holding the banner in one hand, pressing the machine gun to his side with the other; crawled out of the broken
a shell of a trench wounded captain Sumskov ... (45) Leaning on his left hand, the captain crawled down from a height, following his soldiers. (46) There was no blood in his lime-white face, but he nevertheless moved forward and, throwing his head back, shouted in a childishly thin, breaking voice:
- Eagles! (47) My dear ones, go ahead! .. (48) Give them life!

The heavy battle of the Red Army lasted for several minutes, but the enemy's losses were great.
This statement is incorrect:
(35) It seemed to him that the battle lasted several minutes, but in fact more than half an hour had passed since the start of the attack,
the sun was noticeably bent to the west, and its rays had already begun to lose their recent evil pungency.

Nikolai Streltsov served in an infantry regiment during the Great Patriotic War.

(7) An infantry regiment set out from the farm. (8) Zvyagintsev nudged Nikolai with his elbow and, brightly shining his eyes, said:
- To go into battle with a banner is appropriate, and to retreat with it - just God forbid! (9) How do you suppose we will resist?
(10) Nikolai nodded decisively.

Into the harsh war time Nikolai Streltsov involuntarily remembered his son.
This statement corresponds to the following sentence:
(13) And Nikolai looked at him intently and opened his eyes wide in amazement: how much he looks like! (14) The same as his eldest son, wide-set blue eyes, the same flaxen hair ... and in the features of the face, and in the entire small, tightly knit figure. (16) Is he somewhere now, his little, infinitely dear Nikolenka Streltsov? (17) I wanted to take another look at the boy, so strikingly similar to his son, but Nikolai restrained himself: before the battle he does not need memories from which his heart softens.

Tank units came to the aid of the Red Army men defending the height.
The text only speaks about German tanks, so such a statement is considered inappropriate.

Answer: 1, 3, 4

22. Which of the following statements are true? Enter the answer numbers.

1) Proposition 10 answers the question in proposal 4.

2) Proposals 12, 14 contain a description.

3) Sentences 16 and 17 are contrasted in content.

4) Sentences 27–31 are narrative.

5) Proposals 37, 38 present the reasoning

Completing the assignment:

Proposition 10 answers the question in proposal 4.
If you don't read it carefully, then it seems that everything is so: a question is asked in the text and an answer to it is given. But you need to read it - then it becomes clear that the hero is answering a completely different question.

Propositions 12 and 14 contain a description.
It's right:
(12) Near the windmill, a barefoot white-headed boy of about seven years old, who was grazing geese, ran closer to the road, stopped, slightly moving his ruddy lips, admiringly examining the Red Army men passing by.
(14) The same as that of the eldest son, wide-set blue eyes, the same flaxen hair ...

Sentences 16 and 17 are contrasted in content.
Let us reread Propositions 16 and 17. Obviously, this statement is not true:
(16) Is he somewhere now, his little, infinitely dear Nikolenka Streltsov? (17) I wanted to take another look at the boy, so strikingly similar to his son, but Nikolai restrained himself: before the battle he does not need memories from which his heart softens.

Sentences 27–31 provide a narrative.
This statement is true, since the sentence lists physical actions:
(27) The first tank stopped, not reaching a group of thorn bushes, the second flared up, turned back and stood, stretching out to the sky a tar-black, slightly swaying smoky torch.
(31) Finally she got up, in short dashes she went to the rapprochement, but at this time the tanks were cool
turned around, moved back, leaving six dying and wrecked cars on the slope.

The reasoning is presented in Proposals 37, 38.
Wrong. Sentences 37 and 38 present not reasoning, but description with narrative elements.
(37) The heavy smell of burning iron and gasoline, mixed with the bitter, ash-like spirit of burnt grass, hit his nostrils. (38) Near the nearest tank, the grass was burnt out, small tongues of flame, almost invisible in the daylight, darted along the tops of the feather grass, the charred, dark skeletons of stationary tanks were smoking on the slope.

Answer: 2, 4

23. From sentences 34–35 write out one phraseological unit.

Completing the assignment:
The task is not easy, because if you look at the proposed fragment of the text, then the phraseological unit is not immediately noticeable:

(34) Nikolai loaded empty disks, drank some disgustingly warm water from a flask, looked at his watch. (35) It seemed to him that the battle lasted for several minutes, but in fact more than half an hour had passed since the beginning of the attack, the sun had noticeably bent to the west, and its rays had already begun to lose their recent evil pungency.
Due to their frequent use in speech, some phraseological units are "lost" in the text, and it is very difficult to recognize them immediately.

Answer: actually

24. Among sentences 12–17, find the one (s), which (s) is connected (s) with the previous one by means of a union and a personal pronoun. Write the number (s) of this offer (s).

(12) Near the windmill, a barefoot white-headed boy of about seven years old, who was grazing geese, ran closer to the road, stopped, slightly moving his ruddy lips, admiringly examining the Red Army soldiers passing by. (13) And Nikolai looked at him intently and opened his eyes wide in amazement: how similar! (14) The same as that of the eldest son, wide-set blue eyes, the same flaxen hair ... (15) There was an imperceptible resemblance in the features of the face and in the whole small tightly knit figure. (16) Is he somewhere now, his little, infinitely dear Nikolenka Streltsov? (17) I wanted to take another look at the boy, so strikingly similar to his son, but Nikolai restrained himself: before the battle he does not need memories from which his heart softens.

Completing the assignment:
You need to find all personal pronouns in this piece of text, and then look for conjunctions. We see that proposition (13) contains both.

Answer: 13

Read the review excerpt based on the text you analyzed in assignments 21-24. This fragment examines the linguistic features of the text. Some of the terms used in the review are missing. Insert the numbers corresponding to the numbers of terms from the list in the places of the gaps (A, B, C, D). Write down the corresponding number in the table under each letter. Write down the sequence of numbers in the ANSWER FORM № 1 to the right of the task number 25, starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas and other additional symbols. Write each number in accordance with the samples given in the form.

The manual has been prepared in accordance with the mandatory minimum content of basic general and secondary (complete) general education in the Russian language, contains all the material that a student needs for self-preparation to the Unified State Exam: theory, which includes easy-to-memorize tables, as well as a practical part, with examples of exam exercises and step-by-step analysis. The attached CD contains not only a practice test in the USE format, but also intermediate testing for each chapter of the manual, which will allow the student to organize independent work to test their own knowledge. The program automatically checks the correctness of the examination tasks, which allows you to control the level of preparation for the exam.

25. “M.A. Sholokhov paid special attention to ordinary soldiers overcoming all the incredible difficulties and hardships of the war. The text often uses syntactic means of expressiveness: (A) ________ (sentences 6, 11, 13) and (B) _______ (sentences 9, 16). A special role in the text belongs to the depiction of the realities of war. And here important role the paths play: (B) _______ (“evil pungency” in sentence 35) and (D) ________ (“fluttering ... tongues of flame” in sentence 38) ”.

List of terms:

1) dialogue

2) epithet

3) metaphor

4) hyperbole

5) parceling

6) anaphora

8) comparison

Completing the assignment:
First, you need to see what prompts the test writers made. So, we need to find two syntactic means of expression and two tropes.

Let's turn to the list.
What syntactic means of expression can we find?

5) parceling

6) anaphora

7) exclamation sentences

9) interrogative sentences

What trails?

3) metaphor

4) hyperbole

8) comparison

The terms under A and B are easy to define. Let's find sentences 6, 11, 13. They are all exclamation points. Propositions 6 and 11 are interrogative, this is obvious.

Let's move on to the trails. There is definitely no exaggeration (hyperbole) in the given phrases. Comparison is a little more complicated. After all, a metaphor, for example, is also a comparison, but a hidden one. In comparison, it is always obvious what is being compared with what. In the text, flashes of fire are compared to tongues. But we see only "tongues" - what is being compared with. If we talk about the formal signs of comparison, then we will see that there are no words like, as if, as if, exactly, as if, that. And there is no instrumental case. Therefore, it can be argued that there is no comparison here.

It turns out that the correct answers are an epithet and a metaphor. C - an epithet (there is no transfer of meaning), G - a metaphor (there is a transfer of meaning).

Answer: 7, 9, 2, 3

The textbook, which is part of the Algorithm of Success educational and methodological kits, is intended for high school students studying Russian language and literature both at a basic and advanced level. Contains extended theoretical material, creative tasks, exercises aimed at preparing for the exam. The textbook implements a modern cultural and creative model of education.

Part 2

26. Composition

Approximate circle problems	Author's position
The first problem- the heroism of Russian soldiers during the Great Patriotic War (at what cost was achieved the victory over fascism in the Great Patriotic War?).	The victory over fascism in the Great Patriotic War was achieved thanks to the heroism of Soviet soldiers.
Second problem- preservation of humanity, memory of home, family and children during the war. (Which gave strength to the warrior, thanks to which did he endure all the hardships of war conditions?)	The imperishable memory of his children, family and home, the defense of which the soldier stood up, gave him the opportunity to remain human and endure hard military trials.
The third problem- maintaining a sense of duty in front of the Motherland.	When a soldier was tuned into battle, he had to stifle all sentimental qualities in himself, so as not to lose his vigilance and fighting spirit overnight.

The first problem
Having touched upon the theme of heroism in the essay, it is better to omit the episode with the boy. But the description of the battle, the wounded commander and other suitable phenomena should be given more attention. In a word, it is necessary to emphasize that the victory was achieved at a high price thanks to the perseverance and courage of the people.
For argumentation, you can take any books Soviet period about war.

Second problem
According to the author, the state of mind of a soldier is associated with his memories. This fragment of text shows the image of a boy who reminded Streltsov of his son. Memories of home overwhelmed him. Home, family and love were the spiritual support for the soldier.
One can cite arguments from "War and Peace" (Nikolai Rostov) and "The Dawns Here Are Quiet ..." (memories of the girls), as well as from the Tales of Lev Kassil (for example, "The Story of the Absent").
In many works about the war, Sholokhov focuses on the preservation of the human in man ("Mole", "Foal", "Shibalkov's Seed", "The Fate of a Man"). He contrasted the literature of the lost generation with his works, which affirm faith in a person who retains a moral core in war.

The third problem
The life of a soldier in war is different from a peaceful life an ordinary person, therefore, memories of home, family and children could distract the soldiers from the idea that duty to the Motherland is above all else. In the episode of the meeting with the boy, we see a test of the ability to control oneself, when the soldier is responsible to the Motherland. Still, of course, this episode also contains motivation: for whom exactly he is responsible. (For comment, you can refer to proposals # 5 and # 18-19).
The boy waved his hand. He believes in a soldier to protect him. The soldier is an example to follow. Of course, Streltsov must correspond to this image.

Important note: the second and third problems are opposed to each other. However, it is possible to prove both positions.

Series “Unified State Exam. FIPI - school "prepared by the developers of control measuring materials(KIM) unified state examination.
The collection contains:
36 standard examination options, drawn up in accordance with the draft demo version of the KIM USE in the Russian language in 2018;
instructions for performing examination work;
answers to all tasks;
evaluation criteria.
Completing tasks of typical examination options provides students with the opportunity to independently prepare for the state final certification in the form of the USE, as well as objectively assess the level of their preparation for the exam.
Teachers can use sample exam options to organize the control of the results of mastering by schoolchildren educational programs secondary general education and intensive preparation of students for the exam.

Examples.
Arrange punctuation marks. Indicate two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) Sparkling waves they laughed mysteriously and ran ashore and crashed loudly against the stones.
2) Be quiet, hide and secret and your feelings and dreams.
3) The whirlwind raged for about an hour or an hour and a half and then suddenly died down.
4) Children's memory turned out to be tenacious and the first meeting with the theater remained in her forever.
5) In his work, M. Voloshin tried not only to comprehend the past of Russia, but also to predict its future.

Which of the following statements are true? Enter the answer numbers.
1) Sentence 2 is opposed in content to Sentence 3.
2) Sentences 10-11 contain a narrative.
3) Sentence 20 explains, discloses the content of sentence 19.
4) Sentences 21-23 provide a description.
5) Proposals 24-27 provide reasoning.

Free download e-book in a convenient format, watch and read:
Download the book Unified State Exam 2018, Russian language, Typical examination options, 36 options, Tsybulko I.P. - fileskachat.com, fast and free download.

Unified State Exam 2020, Russian language, grade 11, Methodological recommendations, Tsybulko I.P., 2019
USE 2019, Russian language, grade 11, Methodological recommendations, Tsybulko I.P., Aleksandrov V.N., Arutyunova E.V.
Methodological recommendations for teachers, based on the analysis of typical mistakes of the 2018 USE participants in the Russian language, Tsybulko I.P.
USE-2018, Russian language, Recommendations for the assessment of assignments, Tsybulko I.P., Ateksandrov V.N., Arutyunova E.V., 2018

The following tutorials and books:

USE 2018, Thematic simulator, Russian language, Tasks of part 1, Egoraeva G.T., Nazarova T.N., Politova I.N., Skripka E.N.

OPTION 1

Read the text and complete assignments 1-3

(1) World experience shows that at the present stage of development of nanotechnology one of the key places is occupied by the deposition of thin films in a vacuum. (2) By varying the thickness and number of layers in such films, it is possible, regardless of chemical composition obtain dielectric or semiconducting properties of metals and achieve higher strength and hardness. (3)<...>using multicomponent and multilayer films, it is possible to form nanocomposite materials with a very wide range of applications.

1. Which of the following sentences correctly conveyed the main information contained in the text?

1) World experience shows that at the present stage of development of nanotechnology, one of the key places is occupied by the change in the properties of metals using thin films.

2) Today, the deposition of thin films in vacuum is one of the key places in the development of nanotechnology, allowing you to control the properties of metals and create nanocomposite materials for a wide range of applications.

3) One of the key places in the development of nanotechnology is the deposition of thin films in vacuum, which makes it possible to control the properties of metals and create nanocomposite materials for a wide range of applications.

4) By varying the thickness of the films, it is possible, regardless of the chemical composition, to change the usual properties of metals, reaching a higher strength and hardness.

5) Using multicomponent and multilayer films, it is possible to form nanocomposite materials with a very wide range of applications.

2. What word or combination of words should be in place of the gap in the third sentence of the text? Write this word down.

However,

because

therefore

Consequently

Thus

3 . Read the excerpt from the dictionary entry that describes the meanings of the word EXPERIENCE. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the first (1) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

AN EXPERIENCE , -and husband.

1. Reflection in the minds of people of the laws of the objective world and social practice, obtained as a result of their active practical knowledge (special).Sensual about.

3. Reproduction of some. phenomena experimentally, the creation of something. new in certain conditions for the purpose of research, testing.Lucky about. Chemical experiments. Experiences of breeders.

4. An attempt to implement something, a trial implementation of something.The first about. young writer.

4. In one of the words below, a mistake was made in the formulation of stress: the letter denoting a stressed vowel sound is WRONGLY highlighted. Write this word down.

encourage

bent

mosaic

Narwhal

lied

5. One of the sentences below uses the highlighted word WRONG. Correct the lexical error by matching the selected word with a paronym. Write down the chosen word.

The head of the shop took responsibility for putting forward a DELICIOUS proposal for the organization of production.

A small RIGID peasant came out onto the porch and nodded his head affably.

The leader of a serious project, in which hundreds of people take part, must be a deep and WHOLE person.

His hut is extremely KIND, strong, and he himself is a strong peasant, a real Russian hero.

For a person who did not know attention and care, this was the most WISHED gift.

6. In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and spell the word correctly.

pair of BOOTS

POSIT THE BOOKS

LUGGAGE on the table

FIFTH ORDER

Put on gloves

7. Establish a correspondence between the sentences and the grammatical errors made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

1) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition

B) Resting in an armchair, a painting "March" hangs in front of me.

2) violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate

C) There are books in the closet, newspapers and glassware are on the shelves.

3) violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application

D) Problems of economics and business were in the center of attention of the presenter of the "Business Moscow" TV show.

4) an error in the construction of a sentence with homogeneous members

E) Those who have read the critical article by N. A. Dobrolyubov are familiar with the assessment of the critic of the "dark kingdom".

5) incorrect construction of a sentence with an adverbial turnover

6) violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover

7) incorrect construction of sentences with indirect speech

8. Identify the word missing the unstressed verifiable vowel of the root. Write this word by inserting the missing letter.

b .. cut

s..rnitsa

burn

to..mmersant

burn ... fly

9. Define a row in which the same letter is missing in both words in the prefix. Write these words by inserting the missing letter.

ave..forgiven, s..treated;

no .. known, disinformation ..;

and .. go, be .. beard;

pr..rerezhny, pr..lift;

chickens .. honest, representative.

10. Write down the word in which the letter I is written at the place of the pass.

puzzled ...

outdated ...

unlucky ...

pool..voe (hole)

gauze ... out

11. Write down the word in which the letter E is written at the place of the pass.

ventilate ... you

say ... you

you suffer ... you

familiar .. you are

pronounce .. you

12. Define a sentence in which NOT with a word is written LITTLE. Expand the parentheses and write this word out.

The travelers walked without rest all day long, (not) feeling tired,

The publicist sharpened social issues essay, pointing out the (in) fairness of the existing order.

I (not) have anything to be angry with you for.

She answered him, not at all (not) embarrassed.

He never (never) looks straight.

13. Define a sentence in which both highlighted words are spelled LITTLE. Expand the brackets and write out these two words.

(DURING) DURING expeditions, specialists determine the species composition of animals and plants, and ALSO (SAME) take samples of soil, water and air.

THAT (WOULD) understand WHAT (SAME) laws govern the Universe, people conduct research in space.

Hardly (IS) today there is ANY (ANY) branch of industry in which wood would not be used in one way or another.

(B) It is HIGHLY likely that (B) cable TV will naturally merge with the Internet soon.

(BY) REALLY happy and wise is he who knows how to (BY) accumulate this wealth all his life.

14. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which one letter H is written?

The owner was wearing a cloth (1) shirt, belts (2) leather (3) thong, and not ironed (4) trousers for a long time.

15. Task 15 number 1011. Arrange punctuation marks. Specify the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.

1) Painters and sculptors depicted the heroes of myths and legends in learned positions.

2) In the mid-50s of the XX century, it became necessary to grow not only pearls in molluscs, but also mollusks themselves.

3) None of the living creatures of the terrestrial world can compare either in beauty or brightness with coral polyps.

4) The poetry of the surrounding nature and life attracted the young writer much stronger than the poetry of ancient monuments and ancient ruins.

5) Suddenly a heavy rain poured down in streams and thunderclaps rolled one after another.

16.

The branches of trees (1) intertwining with rigid, frozen ends (2) sadly ringing (3) surviving (4) the winter cold.

17. Arrange punctuation marks: include all numbers, in place of which in the sentence must be commas.

Writers (1) of course (2) understand well that in nature there is no and (3) there can be (4) neither beautiful nor ugly.

18. Arrange punctuation marks: include all numbers, in place of which in the sentence must be commas.

Before approaching the tree (1) in the shadow (2) of which (3) Natka was hiding (4), they apparently argued about something and walked a few steps in silence.

19. Arrange punctuation marks: include all numbers, in place of which in the sentence must be commas.

His hand trembled (1) and (2) when Nikolai handed the horse over to the breeder (3) he felt (4) the blood rushing to his heart with a thud.

20. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by excluding the extra word. Write this word down.

Near south pole Jupiter, the astronomer noticed a dark spot and at first mistook it for an unusual weather phenomenon, because storms often rage on this planet.

Read the text and complete assignments 21 - 26

(1) This is a hackneyed truth: as soon as you remember your youth, it becomes sad. (2) Probably because you immediately remember the friends of your youth. (3) And first of all, already dead friends.

(4) 3here, near the monument to Kruzenshtern, I last time I've seen Slava in my life.

(5) He walked in the wind towards me, raising the collar of his greatcoat and thus once again spit on all the rules for wearing a naval uniform. (6) On Slavka's neck was a blue woolen scarf, and a naval officer has the right to wear only a black or completely white scarf. (7) Green's "Scarlet Sails" peeped out from behind the lapel of his greatcoat. (8) And the cap, equipped with a completely informal "Nakhimov" visor cut out of ebonite, sat on the very ears of Slavka.

(9) I must say that during my youthful life, the creations of Alexander Green were made almost forbidden several times. (10) And Slavka always kept loyalty to romance in his heart and knew "Scarlet Sails" by heart.

- (11) You should at least lower your collar, - I said.

-(12) I recently had a middle ear infection, old man, he said.

(13) We have not seen each other for several years. (14) I served in the North, and he served in the Baltic. (15) I sailed on rescue ships and had to be able to rescue submarines. (16) And he sailed in submarines.

(17) Good! - I said.

(18) Nice! - he said.

(19) And we went to a small diner in the basement to talk.

(20) I tried to persuade him to give up the submarines. (21) You cannot exist in conditions of frequent and sudden changes in air pressure if your ears hurt.

- (22) I will endure, - said Slavka. - (23) I'm already used to boats. (24) I love them.

(25) A few months later, he died along with his crew.

(26) Left without a commander, he took over command of the sunken submarine. (27) And he spent two days on the ground, fighting to save the ship. (28) When they were ordered from above to leave the boat, he replied that they were afraid to go upstairs: they have unformed visors on their caps, and there are many bosses at the top. (29) A lot of bosses really gathered there. (30) And these were the last words of Glory, because he knew that no one could get out of the boat. (31) But there were people around him in the compartment, and the senior assistant commander considered it necessary to use jokes in order to maintain their will. (32) The storm interrupted the emergency buoy, through which communication was carried out, and Slava could not say anything more.

(ZZ) When the boat was lifted, the Chief Officer was found at the lowest step of the ladder to the exit hatch. (34) His subordinates were ahead of him. (35) He fulfilled his duty as a naval officer to the very end. (Zb) If they had managed to leave the boat, he would have been the last to leave. (37) They died from poisoning. (38) The oxygen mask from Slava's face was torn off, he died with an open face, biting the sleeve of his quilted jacket.

(According to V. Konetsky *)

* Victor Viktorovich Konetsky (1929-2002) - prose writer, screenwriter, sea captain.

21. Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Enter the answer numbers.

2) The crew refused to leave the boat because many of the caps had unformed visors.

3) Slava had health problems, but he did not want to leave the service on the submarine.

4) Slava was a senior assistant to the commander of the submarine.

5) Slava died, but his subordinates managed to leave the boat.

22. Which of the following statements are true? Enter the answer numbers.

1) Sentences 5-8 include a description.

2) Sentence 21 explains the content of Sentence 20.

3) Sentences 25-28 include narration.

4) Proposition 32 contains the conclusion of the reasoning.

5) Sentences 1-3 contain a narrative.

23. Indicate the word used in a figurative meaning. Write it down.

walked (proposal 5)

peeking out (sentence 7)

ship (offer 15)

step (offer 33)

24. Among sentences 29–35, find one that is related to the previous one using the possessive and personal pronouns. Write the number of this sentence.

25. Read the excerpt from the review. It examines the linguistic features of the text. Some of the terms used in the review are missing. Insert the numbers corresponding to the number of the term from the list in the spaces of the blanks.

“V. Konetsky begins the story of his deceased friend with a description of his appearance... Describing the "completely informal" clothing of a naval officer, the author uses lexical means- (A) _____ ("don't give a damn" in sentence 5). With a technique such as (B) _____ (in sentence 6), this description first creates the image of an officer who flouts the rules. However, the author clearly sees the main feature of the deceased friend and, naming it, uses the trope - (B) _____ (“kept loyalty to romance in my heart” in sentence 10). Through the laconic, masculinely restrained story about the death of a friend, the emotions of the author break through, as evidenced by short, abrupt sentences and a technique - (D) _____ (sentences 26-27) ”.

List of terms:

1) default

2) opposition

3) hyperbole

4) parceling

5) epithets

6) colloquial word

7) expressive repetition

8) rhetorical question

9) metaphor

Write down the numbers in the answer, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:

26. Write an essay based on the text you read.

Formulate and comment on one of the problems posed by the author of the text (avoid overquoting).

Formulate the position of the author (narrator). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the text you read. Explain why. Argument your answer, relying primarily on the reading experience, as well as on knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account).

The length of the essay is at least 150 words.

Answers.

1. 23

2. Thus

3. 2

4. Mosaic

5. Solid

6. 4

7. 65432

8. Regret

9. Coastal lift

10. Unlucky

11. Say

12 injustice

13. Quite soon

14.13

15.23

16.123

17.12

18.14

19.1234

20. Unusual

21.134

22.123

23 looked out

24.34

25.6294

Problem

What qualities should a military man have, good soldier, a real officer?
The Fidelity to Duty Problem

A good military man, and even more so a commander, must love his job, completely surrender to the service, be faithful to it, and fulfill his duty to the very end. To be a military man means to be responsible for the lives of other people, therefore, an employee cannot but love his work, treat him lightly, not give him all of himself.

Russian language | USE 2018

Unified State Exam 2018 Russian language online for free

Take the test "USE 2018 Russian language Training option number 1" online

Russian language | USE 2018

Take the test "Unified State Exam 2018 Russian Language Training Option No. 2" online

Russian language | USE 2018

Solution online exam 2018 in Russian introduces students to the tasks of the real exam and helps to master necessary skills solving tasks of CMM. Teachers can use online testing for free in class to train and supervise students. Training option The Unified State Exam in Russian corresponds to the 2018 demo version.

Take the test "Unified State Exam 2018 Russian Language Training Option No. 3" online

Russian language | USE 2018

The solution of the USE 2018 online test in the Russian language acquaints students with the tasks of the real USE and helps to master the necessary skills for solving KIM tasks. Teachers can use online testing for free in the classroom to train and supervise students. The training version of the exam in the Russian language corresponds to the demo version of 2018.

Take the test "Unified State Exam 2018 Russian Language Training Option No. 4" online

Russian language | USE 2018

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Russian language | USE 2018

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Russian language | USE 2018

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Russian language | USE 2018