Who found Gold Troy. Secret storeroom, or split '' Gold Troy ''

In 1869, Schliman married Sophie's Grechanka ENGASTROMENOS, beautiful as Elena; Soon she, as well as he, with his head, went in search of the country of Homer - she divided with his spouse and painful work, and adversity. Excavations began in April 1870; In 1871, Schliman devoted two months to them, and in the next two years in four and a half months.

At his disposal was about a hundred workers. He worked, not knowing neither sleep, no rest, and nothing could delay him in the work - neither insidious and dangerous malaria, neither the sharpness of good drinking water, neither the inconsistency of the workers nor the slowness of the authorities, nor the unbelief of the scientists of the whole world, who just thought His fool, no other, even worse.

In the very high part of the city stood the temple of Athens, Poseidon and Apollo around him built the wall of Pergama - so spoke Homer. Consequently, the temple needed to search in the midst of the hill; There was also an erected wall built by the gods. Rip the top of the hill, Schliman discovered the wall. Here he found weapons and homemade utensils, decorations and vases - an indisputable proof that there was a rich city in this place. But he found something else, and then for the first time the name Henry Schliman thundered around the world: under the ruins of the new Ilion, he discovered other ruins, under these - another one: the hill was like some monstrous bulb, with which it was necessary to remove the layer Behind the layer. As it was possible to assume, each of the layers belonged to a certain era. The whole peoples lived and died, and dying the city, the sword was ravenly, and raged the fire, one civilization replaced the other - and every time the city of the alive grew up in the place of the city of the dead.

Every day, excavations brought a new surprise. Schliman took his excavations in order to find the Homerovsk Troy, but for a relatively short period, he and his assistants found at least seven disappeared cities, and later two more - nine windows in the past, which had not known anything before that time and did not even suspect !

But which of these nine cities was Troy Homer, the city of Heroes, the city of the heroic struggle? It was clear that the lower layer refers to the remote times that this is the most ancient layer, so ancient that the people of that era were still unknown by the use of metals, and the top layer is obviously the youngest; Here, the remains of the new orone should be preserved, in which Xerxes and Alexander made their sacrifices.

Schliman continued its excavations. In the second and third layers, he discovered footprints, the remains of giant shafts and a huge gate. Without hesitations, he decided: these trees were glad to the Palace of Priama, these gates were Skai gate.

He opened the priceless treasures from the point of view of science. Of all the way he sent to his homeland and passed to the response to the specialists, the picture of the distant era of the distant era in all its manifestations was gradually loomed, the face of the whole people appeared.

It was the triumph of Heinrich Schliman, but at the same time the triumph of Homer. What was considered fairy tales and myths, what was attributed to the fantasy of the poet, in fact once it was reality - it was proven. "

"The case was in the morning of a hot day. Schliman, together with his wife, watched the usual move of excavations, not too counting on something new, but still, as always, full attention. At a depth of about 28 feet, the very wall was found that Schliman took over the wall, guessing the Palace of Priama. Suddenly, the look of Schlaman attracted some kind of subject; He stood and came to such an initiation, which was further acting as if under the influence of some otherworked force. Who knows that the workers would have taken if they saw what Schliman saw? "Gold ..." - he whispered, grabbing his wife. She stared at him in surprise. "Quickly," he continued, "workers went home, right now!" "But ..." - tried to argue the beauty of Grekanka. "No but," he interrupted her, "tell them everything you want, tell me that I have a birthday today and I just remembered this, let them celebrate. Only faster, faster! .. "

Workers retired. "Bring your red shawl!" - shouted Shliman and jumped into the excavation. He worked as a knife, as if obsessed with, not paying attention to the huge stone blocks, they were slightly hung over his head. "In the greatest hurry, straining all the forces risking life, for a big fortress wall, which I knocked, could bury me at any moment, I split the treasure with the help of a large knife. The appearance of all these items, each of which possessed a tremendous value, gave me courage, and I did not think about the danger. "

Matto gleamed ivory, ranked gold ...

Shliman's wife kept shawl, filling it gradually treasure extraordinary values. Treasure king Priama! Golden treasure of one of the most powerful kings of gray antiquity, sprinkled with blood and tears: jewelry belonging to people like the gods, treasures that have broken three thousand years in Earth and extracted from under the walls of seven disappeared kingdoms into the world's new day! Schliman not a moment doubted that he found this particular treasure. And only shortly before his death, it was proved that in the heat of passion he made a mistake. That Troy was not at all in the second and not in the third layer from the bottom, but in the sixth and that the treasure found by the Slagman belonged to the king, who had a thousand years before Priama.

Taking as if thieves, Schliman and his wife carefully suffered treasures in the hut standing nearby. A rude wooden table laying a pile of treasures: Tiaras and fasteners, chains and dishes, buttons, decorations, filigree. "It can be assumed that anyone from the family of Priama in a hurry laid the treasures in the cheer, and did not have time to remove the key out of it, and tried to carry them, but died on the fortress wall from the enemy's hand or was overtaken by the fire. The stalls abandoned them was immediately buried under the wreckage stood near the Palace Building and ashes who formed a layer of five to six feet. " And here you are a female Schliman takes a pair of Seryog, a necklace and puts on these vintage crawl decorations twenty-year-old Grechanka - his beautiful wife. "Elena ..." he whispers.

But what to do with the store? Schliman will not be able to preserve the find in secret, the rumors of her still be faded. With the help of the relatives of his wife, he has a very adventurist manifests the treasures in Athens, and from there to his homeland. And when, at the request of the Turkish ambassador, his house is sealing, the officials do not find anything - gold and the trail has bothered.

Is it possible to call it a thief? Turkey's legislation allows various interpretations of the issue of belonging to ancient findings, arbitrariness reigns here. Is it worth surprising that a person who turned his whole life for the sake of his dream, tried to save for himself and thus for European science golden treasure? Does the seventy years before that, Thomas Bruce, Lord Eljin and Concardine did not do the same? Athens in those days still belonged to Turkey. In the company obtained by Lord Eldzhin, the following phrase was contained: "No one should blame the obstacles if he wishes to take out of the acropolis stone slabs With inscriptions or figures. "

Eldzhin very widely interpreted this phrase: he sent two hundred boxes to London with architectural details of Parfenon. Over the course of several years, disputes on the right of ownership of these magnificent monuments of Greek art continued. 74,240 pounds cost Lord Elgrin his collection, and when in 1816 she was acquired by the Museum's decree for the London Museum, he paid 35,000 pounds, which was also half of its cost.

Having found "Treasures of King Priama," Schliman felt that he had reached the top of life. Is it possible to count on something more after such success? "

"Yes, during his first excavations, Shliman made serious mistakes. He destroyed a number of ancient structures, he destroyed the walls, and all this presented a certain value. But ED. Meyer, the largest German historian, forgives it. "For science, he wrote," the technique of Schlaman, who started his searches in the lowest layers, turned out to be very fruitful; With systematic excavations it would be very difficult to detect the old layers hiding in the thickness of the hill, and thereby the culture that we denote like Trojan. "

The tragic failure was that it was the first of its definitions and datings almost everything turned out to be incorrect. But when Columbus opened America, he believed that he managed to reach the shores of India, - does it diminish at least any of his merit? "

From the book: K.V. Caras. "Gods. Tomb. Scientists »

"Casket Priama": Mystic, Detective and Treasure Salvation

Homer's poems are not a myth. I will prove - scrap and shovel - that they are based on a historical fact

G. Schliman.

Professional archaeologists know well that the most interesting findings are at the end of the field season and very often on the last day of research. And indeed, life, as a rule, confirms this admission: The most unexpected discoveries often occur according to this decision. Such cases were in my field practice, but few know that the most outstanding discovery in the archeology of the XIX century also happened almost on the day of the excavation.

Excavations in Three (photo of the XIX century)

Since April 1870, Schliman Kopal, guided mainly by intuition and his ideas about three. Excavations continued on the second year, and on the third, when powerful foundations with fire traces were found at the bottom of the cultural layer. It would seem that the goal is achieved, but the usual emptying and oppressed state occurs in such cases. These days, he writes to his Russian son Sergey: "For three years our excavations are continuing. We learned a whole museum from the depths of Ilion high degree Wonderful, never previously seen antiquities. But now I'm tired, and because I reached the goal and implemented the great idea of \u200b\u200bmy life, then on June 15, I stop the excavation here, in three, forever. " Until the end of the outlined period remains a few days. And again the next gift of fate!

From the words of G. Schliman, the case was so. Dipping the desired Troy, he decided to complete the work on June 15, 1873 and go home to sit down for drawing up a field report. And so for the day before, on June 14, there was something that later led to the delight of the entire civilized world - he found what was crowned with his whole job - "Tsar Priama"!

On this day, Henry and Sophia were watching the completion of the excavation. He descends into a deep trench, to once again examine the walls and make sure of his conclusions. Suddenly, at a depth of 8.5 meters right in front of him ... a piece of land is falling down, and Schliman sees in the wall covered with a strange item under which he sparkles ... Gold! Let's now imagine this event. Gold appears in front of a person who is obsessed with the idea to prove the opening of the legendary city. It happens right in front of him and precisely at the moment when he inspects the walls of the excavation. And no one else sees this find. Mystic! Is this happening in life? It turns out that it happens.

A cheered merchant immediately understands the importance of the find and looks upstairs. Fortunately, none of the numerous workers pay attention to a small collapse below. He immediately makes a decision and dismisses workers at home. As a pretext, it announces that today he has a holiday - a birthday that he is going to celebrate. Everyone is surprised - just 8 am, and excavations just started. But when Sophia declares that everything will receive money for a full time, workers with congratulations diverge down at home, unaware of treasures. The secret of discovery was able to preserve that in itself is also amazing!

Spouses stay together and inspect the collapse. Things are in solid, like a stone, a layer of red ash, and a powerful fortress wall of 6 meters high rise directly above them. Risching life, G. Schliman climbs under the wall and begins clearing. The first he pulls out a strange copper object, which turns out to be an oval panel half a meter. Then the finds appear as a horns of abundance: gold and silver cups, vases, bowls and ingots, copper axes, daggers and knives ...

Subsequently, he described the case that happened: "In the greatest rush, straining all the forces risking life, for a big fortress wall, which I dug, could bury me at any moment, I rushed a treasure with a large knife. The type of these items, each of which possessed a tremendous value, gave me courage, and I did not think about the danger. " Watching finds in the shawl, the faithful wife secretly pesters them into a small house, standing near the place of the excavation. There they are considered behind the darned curtains.

Soon the tables in the room are filled with treasures of incredible value. Spouses do not doubt - this is the "treasure", the last king of Troy. At the table lay kilograms of jewels: the gold bottle weighing 403 grams, utensils from silver, electrore and copper, various objects from ivory and semi-precious stones... considering a large silver bowl, Sophia looks inside and pouals content from it. Tiara, chains, bracelets, earrings, rings, buttons and countless small decorations made of pure gold fall in front of the amazed pair. "This is the treasures of Elena!" - I am convinced by G. Schliman.

Inventory finds continued all night and ended only by morning. According to one of the sources, it included: 27,259 products made of bronze, silver and gold! The treasure consisted of 13 vessels, of which 8 were made of precious metals, 3 gold ingots, 29 labor tools and 8 copies of bronze. It also included 2 magnificent gold diadems (large of 16,441 and small - out of 2211 parts), 6 bracelets, 16 suspension, 44 plaques, 870 rings and more than 60 segments of 158 parts. Just a half kilogram only gold! And all these precious findings were more than three thousand years. Subsequently, Schliman himself appreciated them in one million rubles. All of them were at the angle of the structure, which was immediately called the "House of Pria"

Three days, June 17, 1873, excavations stop. According to the contract concluded with the Ottoman government, half of the finds needed to transfer Turkey. But Heinrich and Sophia decide to break the contract and take treasure to Europe. They are quite fair, they believe that there is no guarantee of its conservation by the Turkish side. In addition, they will find out that the wrong workers discovered another treasure, which was tired and completely cleared. The decision was made, and with the help of loyal assistants "Treasures of Priama" illegally leaving the limits of Turkey. By one version, in baskets with vegetables, girlfriend, in six boxes. They were secretly immersed on the charter chartered by the Greek consul, which initially delivered them to Silos Island (Cyclades), and then another ship brought to Athens. Classic smuggling operation. On the other hand, it was the rarest of smuggling in the name of science.

Gold vial from "Ploda Priama"

In Greece, Sophia relatives were hid precious cups, diadems and earrings on their farms: in barns, garden houses and even in a dole tree. After some time, Schliman still announces his find, it prepares and makes a solid work in three languages. A few years after the hot disputes it will become clear that the detected treasure is one of the most significant archaeological finds of mankind.

In the future, G. Schliman continued research for another 16 years - until 1890. In addition to Gissarlyka, he led the excavation in mycken, on the island of Ithaca, in Orkhomen and Tirinf. And again incredible luck. In 1876, in the "Zlatoota", by definition of Homer, he makes no less striking discoveries: among other things, five shaft-like tombs with a mass of jewels find. He discovers the posthumous gold masks, crowns and tiaras, bracelets and blahs, robust with images of hunting and battles and bronze swords, cups for wine and gold buttons, idol figures and many other unique products. Ancient gold is measured by kilograms. These finds of the city of Schliman on tradition attribute to the famous participants of the Trojan War - the king of Agamemenon and his satellites. Only a simple listing of the treasures detected in micheca takes 206 pages of roasting text. Which of professional archaeologists, with the exception of the Egyptologist G. Carter, can boast such an abundance of finds from noble metals? And this is just part of the openings of an enthusiastic amateur!

Sklocked by G. Shliman "Zlatomobile Mixes"

And now attention. Just for 20 years scientific activities G. Schliman found 129 trends! On average, 6 trees per year. They were more than 40,000 finds! It is safe to argue that this is a phenomenal achievement in world archeology, which cannot be explained only by one luck. And what is the most striking: he did not put the goals of finding the treasies, but they opened up with enviable regularity to him during the excavations! Despite the great discoveries of the XIX and XX centuries, no archaeologist found such a number of treasures with gold products and unique works of art.

Thanks to him and his discoveries, the archeology became fashionable and prestigious science in Europe, and a lot of successors appeared in Schliman. Amazing, but the fact: in subsequent years only in Mesopotamia was found 580, and in Levante - 700 ancient trees!

But gold is extremely dangerous metal. So happy and inexplicable findings of numerous treasures and treasures could not pass without a trace. Even for a disinterested person, who himself financed conducted research. Thunder struggled!

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This semi-detective story happened in late XIX. In. When Kommersant and an archaeologist-amateur Henry Schliman, from the birth of which January 6 marks 195, on excavations in Turkey found the ruins of the ancient city of Troy. At that time, the events described by Homer were considered the mythical, and the Troy is the fruit of the poet's fiction. Therefore, the proof of the reality of the artifacts of ancient Greek history, the real extension of the reality of the artifacts of ancient Greek history produced in the scientific world. However, most scientists of her husbands were called Schliman Liaz, an adventurer and charlatan, and the "treasure" found to them.

Sofia Schliman with decorations from * Viama * and her famous husband archaeologist

Heinrich Schliman

Many facts of the biography of Henry Schliman look untrue, many episodes were clearly embellished. So, Schliman argued that he had swore to find Troy in the eight of the year when his father gave him a book with myths about three. From the age of 14, the teenager was forced to work in a grocery bench. Then he worked in Amsterdam, studied languages, opened his job. At 24, he became a representative of the trading company in Russia. He led the matter so successfully that by 30 years already was a millionaire. Schliman founded his company, began to invest in paper production. During crimean warWhen the blue uniforms used special demand, Schliman became a monopolist in the production of indigo - natural dye of blue color. In addition, he supplied Selitra, suther and lead to Russia, that during the war also brought considerable income.

Henry Schliman is an archaeologist or adventurer?

His first wife was the niece of a rich Russian merchant, the daughter of a lawyer Ekaterina Sizhin. The wife did not share the passion of her husband to travel, was not interested in his hobbies. In the end, the marriage collapsed, while the skiing did not give him a divorce, and Schliman divorced him in absentia in the USA, where local laws allowed. Since then, the path to Russia was closed to him, since he was considered twit.

Left - Heinrich Schliman. Right - Wedding Sofia Energastromenos and Henry Schliman

With his second wife, Schmeman saw only Grechanka, so I sent letters to all the friends-Greeks with a request to find him a bride "Typically Greek, Chernovolamaya and, if possible, beautiful." And this was found - it was 17-year-old Sofia ENGASTROMENOS.

Excavations on the hill Gissarlyk

The site of the excavation archeologist determined the Homer's Iliad text. However, the Hisarlyc Hill as an estimated place of the ancient city was spoken up to Schliman, but it was his searches that were crowned with success. The story of how in 1873 was found "the treasure", Schliman invented himself. According to his version, they were together with his wife on excavations, and when they found the treasures, the wife wrapped them into her handkerchief (only the golden products there were 8700!) And he was taught from the workers so that they would not pay the treasure. In this case, the exact date and exact location of the find was not reported. And later Schliman took the jewel from Turkey, hiding them in baskets from under vegetables. As it turned out, the wife of the archaeologist at that time was not at all in Turkey, and the famous photograph of Sofia with gold decorations from the found treasure was made later, already in Athens. There were no other witnesses to find.

Nakhodka Schlaman and the famous photo of his wife

The jewels that Schliman called the "Padama", actually belonged to another epoch - for a thousand years before Priama. The treasure turned out to be much more ancient by age than a mycke culture. However, this fact does not diminish this fact. There were rumors that the treasure is not intertwined and collected over the years of excavations from different layers or generally purchased in parts from antiquaries.

Schliman really found a three or some other ancient citywhich existed a thousand years before Priama. On Gissarlyka, they found 9 outstanding belonging to different epochs. In the hurry, Schlobe demolished the cultural layers lying above the city of Priama, without their detailed study, and badly damaged the lower layers, which he could not forgive the scientific world.

At the exhibition of Trojan Treasures in Bonn

The archaeologist said that he would give "Troy Treasures" by any country that would agree to establish the museum of his name. Greeks, Americans, Italians and the French rejected his proposal, no one wanted to hear in Russia about two, but in Germany, Trojan treasure was taken in Germany, but they posted him not in the Troy Museum named after Schliman, who was never created, but In the Berlin Museum of primitive and ancient history.

Trojan Treasures in Pushkin Museum

Golden items from the finds of Schliman in Myuch

IN modern world still goes Trojan War"For the right to possess the" Padam ". In 1945, the treasures were secretly exported from Germany in the USSR, and only in 1993 this fact was officially recognized. According to the Law on the Restitution of Troy Treasures, they were announced by Russian property. At the same time, skeptics still express opinions about the fact that there was no Troy on the hill of Gissarlyk, and the founded medieval Ottoman settlement does not give reason to call it three.

On May 30, 1873, Schliman found a treasure consisting of twelve thousand gold items. Later he described in the book, as it happened. One day, on the excavations of the shovel of the worker stumbled upon something metal. Schliman did not allow to dig further, called his wife Sophia ENGASTROMENOS and said the workers that he lets them today in honor of his birthday. When they retired, Chet Schlifimanov together dug a large copper chest, the contents of which Sofia scraped into the hem of the skirt and carried into the house where he looked at the underground curtains. There were golden cups, diadems and earrings of very fine work. Oshev, one of the chassis on the head of Sofia, Schliman cried with delight: "Helena Troyansky's jewel now decorates my wife!" The photo of Madame Schliman in this diadem has been preserved, with earrings in the ears and necklace from golden threads on the neck. Schliman secretly from the Turkish government, where Native Sofia hid gold on their village farms. Turkey filed a lawsuit to the Greek court, but she never managed to return the treasure. Schliman stated that he saved Troy treasures from dirty paws of Turkish officials.

The history of the detection of "Valad Priama" did not cause confidence in professional archaeologists. Some scientists tend to believe that the treasures were discovered in different places throughout the excavation and only then are collected together. Others straight accused Shlmanan in that he bought his famous collection in antiques markets. Later, Shliman handed the treasure to the Berlin Museum. In 1945, the Collection of Schliman, along with other values, was placed in the bunker, and it was among the trophies exported in Soviet Union. There was no longer anything about its existence, until in 1993, the Russian government recognized that the "treasure" is in Moscow. Their exhibition was held in the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts. The question of who owns the collection is not yet resolved.

There are several millennia, the researchers suggest that the king initially sacrificed every nine years. Later he just left the palace and retired in the cave to free the place to the successor. And even later, it began to make ritual pilgrimages on the mountain and talk with Zeus every nine years.

On the frescoes of the Poala Palace, the image of the priest king is preserved. His figure is highlighted by a light spot on a crumb background. This is a young man without a beard, with long almost to the belt with hair, on his head the golden crown with peacock feathers, on the hollow painted apron, on hand and legs expensive bracelets. He goes around the field, flowers bloom in front of him and butterflies flush. Crete came out of the palace in order to revive nature, he performs a ritual action, returning her mother to the land of its fertile forces. This image allowed scientists to conclude that Minos embodied for the Christians of the fragile God of vegetation, dying and resurrecting again.

The very word "labyrinth" occurred from the name of Cretan two-sided axes - Labries, who were a symbol royal power At Midway and in a variety of found on the island. Another sacred symbol was considered bullish horns. The roofs of the palace were decorated with stone carvings in the shape of bovine horns, the Labris axes were placed between them. Thus, the labyrinth is not at all a chain of tangled moves, but the "house of Labris".

Thanks to the excavations, it is possible to restore the appearance of the building. It was built of stone, in the eastern part of its height reached four floors. Roofs and ceilings were made from cedar. The floors supported wooden columns painted in red. They had the form of a cone and expanded up, they were crowned with black rounded capitals. Light and air penetrated the special light wells or small inner courtyards, where do the doors and windows. The biggest courtyard was located in the middle of the building and was used to ritual purposes. To him, how to the center of the composition "Food" all the main relatives of the palace.

It is here, according to many scientists, and there were so-called games with a bull that had religious significance. One of the researchers - James Graham noticed that the central yards of all palaces were in Knosse, Fest and Mallia - amazingly similar, as if built on a "typical project".

Heinrich Schliman

In the XIX century, few people believed that Troy really existed and that it can be found. Henry Schliman himself, the dream of Troy caught fire back in childhood, when he saw a book in her father presented for christmas " The World History For children »Picture depicting the death of this glorious city. It was painted by Eney, who survived the Trojan of the Tsarskoye family, belonging from the city of his father Anchiz and leading the son of Askania. Young Schliman could not, did not want to believe that Troy was perhaps irretrievably that nothing remained from such a powerful once cities - no destroyed walls, nor at least stones.

Enea flight from Troy
Karl Van Loo

Walked by the ancient poems of Homer, G. Schliman decided to find tracks of the heroes "Iliad" and "Odyssey." For the first time he visited Troy in 1869, with great difficulty receiving from Turkish Pasha firman on excavations. According to this, the company G. Schliman was supposed to give half (according to other data - two thirds) of all the things found by high port.

The excavations began in the north-west of Turkey - on the hill Gissarlyk, at the entrance to the Strait of Dardanelles. With ancient times, the sea retreated here to seven kilometers here, and it was possible to only guess that the port city was once located here. The plain that emitted under Gissarlyb was uncommon, it was difficult to work on it, especially in the conditions of chronic malaria. But still, the archaeological camp grew here, where, from all European cities, Schlaman was supplied to guns for excavations, and over time, they even built a narrow scene.

Excavations continued from 1871 to 1890, but the most successful was the season of 1873, when the treasures were found, named by G. Shanma "Klad's Priama".

Sofia Schliman in the "Elena's Day" from Varama

Archaeologists different countries Work on Gissarlyk Hill still. But their subsequent excavations showed that G. Schliman found not Homerovskaya Troy, and the settlement is even more ancient. But then the German archaeologist seemed that he was walking through the streets where the king had once walked, whose son had kidnapped his wife to his wife - Beautiful Elena.

Beautiful Elena
Antonio Canova

Sensational inscription: "Found the treasure of Priama" - appeared in the diary of Shliman on June 17, 1873. On this day, the workers have kept the site near the city wall at the Skier Gate, where (by Homer) Andromache said goodbye to Hector before his care for fighting with Achille. Early in the morning, between eight and nine hours, in the excavation something flashed. Fearing from the work of theft, G. Schliman let them go all, and then collected precious things and took them to her house.

Farewell to Hecector with Androma
Anton Losenko

King Tsar Priama - more than 10,000 things - was in a silver two-wire vessel. In addition to 1000 Golden Beads, it included cervical hryvnia, bracelets, earrings, temporal rings, laid gold ribbon and two golden tiaras. There was a massive gold sauce (weighing about 600 grams), which was intended probably for ritual sacrifices.

The beads themselves were very diverse in shape: it is a small beads, and thin tubes, and beads with sturned blades. When Berlin Restorer V. Kookenburg performed the reconstruction of the breastplate, he had twenty-luxurious threads of the necklace, 47 gold rods were suspended to the lower one, and in the center there was one completely special - with thin cuts.

Founding in the "Clander Priama" Earrings, especially the "pillars", were made in the form of a semiring, rolled out of a number of wires (from 2 to 7), at the end of the flattened and chained in the needle. Among the rings there are large massive copies, with a thick needle. In the ears, such earrings were clearly not invested, and these things scientists were subsequently called "temporal rings." However, as they were worn, it was unclear: whether the curls did in them, whether they were decorated with a headdress. Later similar finds in the ancient burial grounds allowed scientists to assume that the rings were tied to the ears with thin cords.

The most elegant earrings have the shape of a basket, to which subtle chains are attached from below with stylized figures of the goddess. The work of the ancient masters of jewelers was simply amazing. In the products, the best preserved, the case of the earrings was spanned from a number of thin wires, and on top decorated with sockets, grain and filigree.

When Shliman showed Trojan Gold to the best English jeweler, he noted that such things could be made only with the help of magnifying glass. Later in the last trend, dozens of mysterious "lenses" were found from mountain crystal, and among them there was one that gave a two-time increase.

In addition to gold things, the bones of sheep and bulls, goats and cows, pigs and horses, deer and hares, as well as bread grains, peas, beans and corn were found in the Trojan. A huge amount of tools and axes were stone, and not one of the copper. Numerous clay vessels were made by hand, and part of a pottery circle. Some of them stood on three legs, others had the shape of animals.

Herry Schliman himself from Trojan finds above all appreciated the ritual leather-hammers found in 1890. These hammers - axes belong to the masterpieces of world art. Their perfection is so great that some scientists doubt that they could be done in the middle of the 3th millennium BC. All of them are well preserved, only one (made from Afghan Lazurit) was damaged, as it was used in antiquity. In which specifically, the ritual he participated until it was established.

The beauty of the proportions of these stone axes could not be a consequence of only the giftedness of masters, at least exceptional. They certainly had to stand school with strong traditions.

On two axes (Lazurite and Jadeaten), scientists have discovered traces of gilding, decorated with decorative friezes with shishchers. These axes could be the attributes of the king or queen, executing and priestly.

From the treasures found during the excavations, G. Schliman did not give anything to the port, and secretly (with the help of F. Kalvert) all sent to Athens. The high port found themselves robbed and opened against the slotmann case about the treasure. In 1874, the court took place in Athens, who awarded the German archaeologist to the payment of the cash fine, however, very moderate at that time. In the future, the relationship with the Turks from the city of Schliman was set up, and he returned to Troy several times.

However, the fate of treasures remained unresolved. Henry Schliman wanted to give them with his beloved elda, but the Greek parliament did not accept his gift. Then he began to offer his finds to different museums of Europe: British national Museum, Louvre, Hermitage and others.

Hermitage

I am convincing the French authorities to buy a treasure treasure, Schliman not tired to repeat that we are talking about unique subjects, besides Trojan origin. "Understanding the same word of this word," he said, "he will immediately force all the hearts and every year to attract millions of visitors to Paris every year." Nevertheless, no one wanted to take Trojan treasures, although they had such masterpieces as two diadems, one of which was made of more than 16,000 gold chains.

The case was that G. Schliman walked the great hoax, which combined his treasures from things of various origin. The items found did not correlate with the archaeological context, some of them were not sharpened with others ... A description of the circumstances of the find "Voland Priama" was already due to its detection. So, for example, Sophia Schliman was as if the witness would be a witness, but she was in the days in Athens, where he cared for a sick father. Some even thought that G. Shliman for several years "copied" his finds, and when he decided that he would no longer find anything, he declared the treasure.

In the end, in 1881, the Treasure of the Tsar Priama favorably received only Berlin. Heinrich Schliman specially stressed that he presented them with the "German people", and Prussia was gratitude to him the title of Honorary Citizen Berlin. In 1882, the Trojan treasure was transferred to the Berlin Museum of Ancient and ancient history, and before World War II, V. Unferzagt (director of the museum), providing the possibility of the death of invaluable monuments, packed them into suitcases that kept in the bunker in the Tirgarten region.

Museum of Ancient and Ancient History

With the delivery of Berlin, Trojan things were transferred to the Soviet command, and in June 1945 they were sent to Moscow (259 subjects, including Trojan treasure) and Leningrad (414 items from bronze, clay and copper). True, in the recently published memories of Andrei Belokopytov, who took out the Pergam's altar and "treasure" from the defeated Berlin, says that the Troy Treasures discovered by chance - in the non-bright wooden boxes in the bunker of the Berlin Zoo.

In the Soviet Union, Trophia from Berlin was kept in special secrecy mode, and only in 1993 the Russian government announced that Troy treasures were located in Moscow.

The text of Hope Ionina