Fast reading technique with a high level of memorization. Methods for quickly memorizing text

Why count in your head, if you can solve any arithmetic problem on a calculator. Modern medicine and psychology prove that oral counting is a trainer for gray cells. Performing such gymnastics is necessary for the development of memory and mathematical abilities.

Many techniques are known to simplify mental calculations. Everyone who has seen the famous painting by Bogdanov-Belsky "Oral Account" is always amazed - how do peasant children solve such a difficult problem as dividing the sum of five numbers that must first be squared?

It turns out that these children are students of the famous teacher-mathematician Sergei Aleksandrovich Rachitsky (he is also depicted in the picture). These are not geeks - students primary grades village school of the XIX century. But they all already know the tricks of simplifying arithmetic calculations and have learned the multiplication table! Therefore, these kids are quite capable of solving such a problem!

Oral Counting Secrets

There are tricks verbal counting - simple algorithms that it is desirable to bring to automatism. After mastering simple techniques you can move on to mastering more complex ones.

Add numbers 7,8,9

To simplify the calculations, the numbers 7,8,9 must first be rounded up to 10, and then subtract the increase. For example, to add 9 to a two-digit number, you must first add 10 and then subtract 1, etc.

Examples of :

Add two-digit numbers quickly

If the last digit of a two-digit number is more than five, round it up. We carry out the addition, subtract the "addition" from the resulting sum.

Examples of :

54+39=54+40-1=93

26+38=26+40-2=64

If the last digit of a two-digit number is less than five, then we add up by digits: first we add tens, then - units.

Example :

57+32=57+30+2=89

If the terms are reversed, then first you can round the number 57 to 60, and then subtract 3 from the total:

32+57=32+60-3=89

Add three-digit numbers in your mind

Fast counting and adding three-digit numbers - is it possible? Yes. To do this, you need to parse three-digit numbers into hundreds, tens, units and add them one by one.

Example :

249+533=(200+500)+(40+30)+(9+3)=782

Features of Subtraction: Casting to Round Numbers

The deductible is rounded up to 10, to 100. If you need to subtract a two-digit number, you need to round it up to 100, subtract, and then add an amendment to the remainder. This is relevant if the amendment is small.

Examples of :

576-88=576-100+12=488

Mental subtraction of three-digit numbers

If at one time the composition of numbers from 1 to 10 was well mastered, then subtraction can be performed in parts and in the indicated order: hundreds, tens, units.

Example :

843-596=843-500-90-6=343-90-6=253-6=247

Multiply and divide

Instantly multiply and divide in your head? It is possible, but knowledge of the multiplication table is indispensable. is the golden key to quick check in the mind! It applies to both multiplication and division. Recall that in primary grades the village school in the pre-revolutionary Smolensk province (painting "Oral counting"), the children knew the continuation of the multiplication table - from 11 to 19!

Although, in my opinion, it is enough to know the table from 1 to 10 in order to be able to multiply larger numbers. For example:

15*16=15*10+(10*6+5*6)=150+60+30=240

Multiply and divide by 4, 6, 8, 9

Having mastered the multiplication table by 2 and 3 to automatism, it will be as easy as shelling pears to do the rest of the calculations.

To multiply and divide two- and three-digit numbers, we use simple techniques:

multiply by 4 is to multiply twice by 2;

multiplying by 6 means multiplying by 2, and then by 3;

multiplying by 8 is three times multiplying by 2;

multiplying by 9 is multiplying twice by 3.

For example :

37*4=(37*2)*2=74*2=148;

412 * 6 = (412 * 2) 3 = 824 3 = 2472

Similarly:

divide by 4 is to divide twice by 2;

divide by 6 is first to divide by 2 and then by 3;

divide by 8 is to divide by 2 three times;

divided by 9 is twice divided by 3.

For example :

412:4=(412:2):2=206:2=103

312:6=(312:2):3=156:3=52

How to multiply and divide by 5

The number 5 is half of 10 (10: 2). Therefore, first we multiply by 10, then we divide the resulting one in half.

Example :

326*5=(326*10):2=3260:2=1630

More easier rule division by 5. First, multiply by 2, and then divide the result by 10.

326: 5 = (326 2): 10 = 652: 10 = 65.2.

Multiplication by 9

To multiply a number by 9, it is not necessary to multiply it twice by 3. It is enough to multiply it by 10 and subtract the number to be multiplied from the resulting number. Let's compare which is faster:

37*9=(37*3)*3=111*3=333

37*9=37*10 - 37=370-37=333

Also, particular patterns have long been noticed that greatly simplify the multiplication of two-digit numbers by 11 or 101. So, when multiplying by 11, the two-digit number seems to move apart. Its constituent numbers remain at the edges, and their sum is in the center. For example: 24 * 11 = 264. When multiplying by 101, it is enough to assign the same to a two-digit number. 24 * 101 = 2424. The simplicity and consistency of such examples is admirable. Such tasks are very rare - these are examples of entertaining, so-called little tricks.

Finger counting

Today, you can still meet many defenders " finger gymnastics»And methods of oral counting on the fingers. We are convinced that learning to fold and subtract by bending and unbending fingers is very visual and convenient. The range of such calculations is very limited. As soon as the calculations go beyond the scope of one operation, difficulties arise: it is necessary to master the following technique. And bending your fingers in the era of iPhones is somehow undignified.

For example, in defense of the "finger" technique, the technique of multiplying by 9 is given. The trick of the technique is as follows:

• To multiply any number within the first ten by 9, you need to turn your palms towards you.
• Counting from left to right, bend the finger corresponding to the number to be multiplied. For example, to multiply 5 by 9, you have to bend the little finger on your left hand.
• The remaining number of fingers on the left will correspond to tens, on the right - to ones. In our example, 4 fingers on the left and 5 on the right. Answer: 45.

Yes, indeed, the solution is quick and clear! But this is from the area of ​​focuses. The rule is valid only when multiplying by 9. Isn't it easier to learn the multiplication table for multiplying 5 by 9? This trick will be forgotten, and a well-learned multiplication table will remain forever.

There are also many more similar techniques using fingers for some single mathematical operations, but this is relevant while you are using it and is immediately forgotten when you stop using it. Therefore, it is better to learn the standard algorithms that will last a lifetime.

Verbal invoice on the machine

First, you need to know well the composition of the number and the multiplication table.

Secondly, you need to remember the techniques for simplifying the calculations. As it turned out, there are not so many such mathematical algorithms.

Thirdly, in order for the technique to become a convenient skill, it is necessary to constantly conduct short "brainstorming" sessions - to practice oral calculations using one or another algorithm.

Trainings should be short: solve in your head 3-4 examples using the same technique, then move on to the next one. We must strive to use every free minute - both useful and not boring. Thanks to simple training, all calculations will be performed with lightning speed over time and without errors. It will be very useful in life and will help out in difficult situations.

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The human brain, like a super-powerful computer, is capable of processing and storing an astonishing amount of information. A person could memorize absolutely everything that at least once was recognized by his organs of perception, if not a single "but". And this "but" is the process of losing access to the knowledge gained. In other words, forgetting.

Forgetting is a protective unloading mechanism. But it is precisely this property of memory that often prevents us from reproducing previously obtained information at the right time. But, understanding what memory is and how it works, you can significantly improve its performance and master the technique of rapid memorization.

Unsolved riddle

Memory is the ability to store and reproduce previously obtained information. For this process, the connections between the nerve cells of the brain - neurons - are responsible. The number and quality of these connections is directly proportional to the amount of accumulated knowledge and volume. life experience the individual.

However, not everything is as obvious and simple as it might seem at first glance. And here there is an interesting paradox: for 10 years, the brain cells are completely renewed, but the memories remain, and in their quality they do not lose at all. Numerous experiments using hypnosis techniques prove that absolutely everything that we meet on life path... And although a large share of this information is stored at the subconscious level, under certain conditions it is quite possible to extract these memories.

Memorization process

At the physiological level, the perceived information causes irritation of a group of neurons. Under the influence of such information impulses, neural connections are formed. Each repetition of the same material will activate the corresponding group of neurons, and the connections between them will be strengthened each time. Accordingly, the memory itself at the level of consciousness will become more stable and long-term. Although, in addition to the usual mechanical repetition, other factors also affect the quality of memorization.

Factors affecting the speed of memorization

1. Emotions

As you know, emotionally intense events always leave a vivid mark in the memory of a person. By the same principle, information associated with great joy or great grief will certainly be remembered deeply and for a long time.

2. Concentration

The ability to abstract from external distractions and focus on the object of memorization also plays a significant role. In conjunction with the ability to concentrate, of course, there are both motivation for memorization and willpower.

3. Interest

This is one of the most productive states for memorization. Interest in something releases incredible energy potential, and the person falls into the so-called state of flow. Many are probably familiar with the state when some occupation is so engrossing that sometimes even the need for food and sleep is forgotten.

4. Physical and psychological condition

Obviously, in a harmonious state, a person will be more effective. It is quite another matter when the body's resources are depleted by lack of sleep, poor nutrition, illness or emotional stress. In this case, there will simply not be enough energy for the full-fledged activity of the brain.

5. Importance and usefulness of information

It is easier for us to remember what is applicable in our Everyday life... The protective mechanisms of the brain quickly erase useless information from the operative memory, so that an overload does not occur. As an example, foreign language will quickly be forgotten if there is no constant language practice.

Rapid memorization techniques

1. Associations

Associations can be used to create links between new, unfamiliar information and old, well-studied information. This method is especially good when you need to memorize something with maximum accuracy. For example, an excerpt from artwork, poem, foreign words, character set, or theoretical definition.

Examples of different types of associations:

• Consonance: ion pair - horse pair;
• Simple associations: snowboard - winter - snow - north - deer - antlers;
• Concretizing concepts: mammal - cow, berry - blackberry;
• Similarity of shapes and colors: graphite - night, planet - ball

2. Structuring

To quickly assimilate information will help breaking it into logical sections and building cause-and-effect relationships between them.

For example, in history, points of division can be some turning points: the beginning of a war, the conclusion of a treaty, restructuring in the government, revolution. And connections will be formed around these key points when analyzing previous and subsequent events (for example: the causes of the war, the consequences of the war);

3. Emotional content

As noted earlier, what has a bright emotional color is better remembered. Therefore, by linking memorized information with personal emotional experiences, this process can be significantly accelerated. A text read dramatically with appropriate gestures and facial expressions will be remembered much better and faster than it, but read monotonously and emotionlessly;

4. Intention

Preliminary volitional adjustment to learn a given amount of information will also increase the effectiveness of memorization;

5. Practical examples

Long-term memorization is facilitated by the awareness of the applicability of the studied material in real life situations... Therefore, it is important to draw your own conclusions from any cognizable information: ethical lessons, current legislative precedents or everyday tricks. Anything that is of practical use will take root in the memory for a long time.

The complex application of the above methods will significantly reduce the time spent on memorization. And as a bonus, boring cramming is transformed into a fun learning practice.

There are a lot of speed reading techniques in our time. You can only say which one is the best. Choose the one that suits you. You can find speed reading techniques in books, courses, download on the Internet. Many of the methods proposed by the author quick reading can be used online. Special exercises and trainings have been developed to expand the angle of view, increase concentration on the text, and develop memory.

Do I need to read and cram more?

Those who cram are not the most successful and quick-witted people. Have you heard anything about the life success of high school students?

The desire to learn to read faster does not leave me in any way! The point is, reading quickly is a must. By the nature of my work, I have to read a lot of literature, documents, etc. But I just physically do not have time to do everything that I have to do. Ah, my progress in speed reading leaves much to be desired.

Any exercise that develops your brain, your thinking is very useful! It is especially good when these are very different exercises. Then you can be sure that the various functions of your thinking will develop. And all this will lead to the fact that you will change qualitatively.

Exercise kills two birds with one stone - expands the angle of view, which is one of the conditions for mastering the skill of fast reading. The second hare is entering a state of trance while exercising. The eyes are defocused, directed forward. All signs of trance.

Everyone can learn speed reading without courses and without wasting money.

And now we will use the visualization technology and write down the phrase "small scientist, but a pedant." All links go to direct texts.

Speed ​​reading is not acceptable if our task is to deeply feel the worldview of the book. Any psychoanalyst will explain how important "irrelevant" details are, how much information they carry.

Century information technologies came a long time ago and every day data and knowledge are beginning to have more and more value, while the technical capacity of computers and data transmission facilities is constantly increasing, and the resources of the human brain are still used only to an insignificant extent. Why more and more people want to develop their abilities.

Write an article. Now squeeze it twice, then two more. Repeat until one or two words remain. In pair technology there is such an algorithm for the work of a pair of students - it is called "paragraph-by-paragraph reading". In it, everyone has one text.

Before reading the literature, do a short review of it - find out what it is about and in what genre it is written. Review annotation and content. In order not to load your memory with unnecessary information, decide which parts of the book you will read. Reading is best done in a relaxed environment, with no distractions. The room should be light. Remember that information is less assimilated if there is a TV, radio or children playing nearby. The back should be in a straight position.

Diagonal reading training

Which person had the skill to read quickly?

He was one of the first to suggest some speed reading techniques. They were seized by Napoleon Bonaparte, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, John F. Kennedy. They had the best speed reading techniques.

To which the leader replied that, of course, he reads otherwise he would not have been able to get all the knowledge that he now has. One proven speed reading technique is to move the eyes from left to right at a rate of one line per minute. To the greatest extent, the reading speed is reduced by the mental pronunciation of the text. Speed ​​reading requires increased concentration.

How Hitler read books

Adolf Hitler had his own fast reading technique. He took a book, magazine, scientific article in his hand and opened it to the last page. If I saw something worthwhile, I read it. From the memoirs of the secretary of Adolf Hitler, we know that the leader was very sorry that he could not read a single art book, since his duties include only reading scientific literature... The famous choleric Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin had a phenomenal memory. He remembered biographies of well-known dates, names of geographical objects. He read the works very quickly.

Karl Marx and quick reading

Karl Marx also loved to fold the pages of books and put notes in their margins. President Roosevelt was simply in love with speed reading. He could read the entire book in one sitting. Honore de Balzac told his contemporaries how easily he was able to read eight sentences at once, and at the same time single out one key from them.

Fascination even with self-tests inhibits development. Testing is needed to understand what's going on. There have been enough cases in practice when the absolute absence of improvements was associated precisely with the violation of the prohibition on frequent home self-tests.

Theodore Roosevelt on fast reading

All texts are different. Theodore Roosevelt read two sentences at a time, and then could easily retell the text, sometimes even verbatim. Maxim Gorky had unique abilities. He perfectly mastered the technique of speed reading and when he took the latest issue of the magazine, cut the pages and read the text, as if "drawing" a zigzag. After reading one magazine, I took up new literature. This technique is called diagonal speed reading. To increase the speed of perception of the text, a complex of speed reading techniques is used. Each of them works in tandem with a partner for a short time using the same algorithm. Pupils change partners many times until they have worked through their texts completely. As a result, everyone gets "very compressed and convex polyphonic" material of their text.

Is it possible to learn to quickly read billibers?

Try to open the site with Arabic script or a Chinese letter, and you will experience the same feelings - "I look into a book - I see a fig."

Those who like to remember don't like to think very much. Is it possible to remember the history of the CPSU (Communist Party Soviet Union)? Please! I got rid of pronouncing a long time ago and, unlike many of my friends, without much effort and almost no regressions, I always try to slide over the text with a vertical gaze. But the problem is that I constantly want to slide through the text faster and faster.

Those who retaken gave up in advance. At first they gave up and proved to themselves that they were not capable. For example, they are unable to remember or pass the exam, and only then the teacher told them this phrase.

Hi friends! I am with you, Yuri Okunev.

Scientists have established a pattern between reading speed and student achievement high school: excellent students, as a rule, read at a speed of 130-170 words per minute, good students are content with a speed of 100-135 words, C-students - 90 words per minute and below.

This is a vivid illustration of the fact that it is simply necessary for our children to learn the methods of speed reading. The topic of our conversation today will be speed reading, exercises for children school age.

Your child knows the alphabet for a long time, reads with words, but the speed of reading it still leaves much to be desired. The reason is not his desire / unwillingness, but completely different factors:

• Undeveloped attention;
• Weak articulation (diction);
• Regression of the eyes;
• Quite a narrow field of view.

In the previous article, we already dwelt in detail on the analysis of each of them. The Rapid Reading Method for Children aims to get rid of these side effects.

What will we work on

1. Articulation development;
2. Improved focus;
3. Suppression of regressive eye movements;
4. Suppression of articulation (visual reading);
5. Expansion of the field of view;
6. Development of anticipation.

Methodology for conducting classes

The optimal speed reading regimen at home is 20 minutes daily and 5 minutes before bedtime.

The lesson will look something like this:

• Articulation warm-up. We read tongue twisters, tongue twisters in a whisper and in full voice. Reading a small text out loud;
• Main part. Working with Schulte tables;
• Suppression of articulation. 1-2 exercises;
• Exercises to correct attention;
• Exercises to combat regression(at the initial stage) or for the development of anticipation (in subsequent lessons);
• Reading paired with an adult for forced speed development;
• Final part. Drawing based on the text read.

Before going to bed, take five minutes of retelling reading (the child reads a short text and retells in his own words), or buzzing reading.

Articulation warm-up (exercises)

1. Consonants. We ask the student to take a full breath, exhaling, he pronounces a number of 15 any consonant sounds: Ф, Щ, Л, V, Ш, К, T, S, P, N, G, F, B, N, R.
2. Blow out the candle. Have the child draw more air into their lungs and blow out one large imaginary candle. Now let's blow out 3 small candles: exhale the air in three portions;
3. The elevator started. An adult and a child are in an imaginary elevator that moves from the first floor to the tenth. We call the floors loudly, each time raising our voice more and more. We call the numbers clearly, without swallowing the endings. We got to the top floor - we go down, gradually lowering our voice.

Development of the visual field

It has been proven that the process of reading a text consists of:

• Eye movements;
• Their stops.

Moreover, the perception of the text occurs precisely at the second stage. This means that in order to increase the reading speed, it is necessary to reduce the frequency of eye stops, while the field of view should be maximized to capture adjacent words and sentences.

This effect can be achieved by dealing with Schulte tables.
The tables are a 5X5 grid with numbers from 1 to 25.
The student sequentially finds all numbers for speed.

The ideal result is within 5 seconds. The secret of this task is that the eyes should always be in the central part of the table, in this case the field of view will be maximum.

In addition to the field of view, Schulte tables contribute to the development of RAM.

Suppress regression

Regression is the ability of the reader to return his eyes to a line that has already been read. Anyone would say that this way of reading is extremely slow and irrational.

An exercise.

We read the text and cover each word we read with a specially prepared bookmark. By training in this way, after a week you can get rid of regression.

Suppress articulation

Articulation is the pronunciation of a readable text. It is important when a student reads aloud (the less he stumbles, the higher the reading technique), but it is completely unacceptable if we want to achieve a speed of 150 words or higher (a person cannot speak at such a speed).

The speed reading technique for children implies the development of visual reading, when articulation is suppressed in every possible way and the text is read with a quick glide of the eyes. It has been established that in this case the quality of the perception of the text sharply increases and the memorization process improves.

1. To the music. We read the text with the music on, for a start it is better to take just music, without singing. Over time, switch to reading with song accompaniment. Prerequisite: upon graduation, the child must answer questions about the text.
2. Bumblebee. The student is reading while making a buzzing sound like a bumblebee is flying. This is one of the most important speed reading exercises.
3. Knock rhythm. We read the text and tap a certain rhythm with a pencil. The rhythm should be learned separately and brought to automatism. The task is performed at first at an average pace, accelerating towards the end.
4. The lock. The child covers his mouth tightly, presses his finger to his lips and begins to read the text as quickly as possible. After reading, he answers questions.

Exercises to correct attention

This part is very important, since due to insufficient attention, the quality of perception of the read text deteriorates.

1. Trouble words. Pairs of words are written on a piece of paper, in which one letter differs, the rest are similar, for example, DREAM - KON, LAZY - STUMP, etc. Ask the student what is special about these words, how they are similar, and what are not. Let the student continue the row;
2. Is given long word, for example, INDEPENDENCE. Let the student make as many letters of this word as possible short words... Compete with him. Who will be the first?
3. Fonts. The child is asked to read the text in which each word is written in different fonts mixed together. Objective of the assignment: learn to read any text with distortion at maximum speed.
4. Confusion. First, we write sentences on a sheet of paper, rearranging the words in places, for example, "late girls in the evening were spinning three by the window." Suffice it 6-10 pieces of such confusion. The child's task is to untangle.

Development of anticipation

Ancipation is the ability to guess the meaning of a word. Exercises for increasing anticipation are necessarily included in the speed reading program so that the student, without seeing the extreme words on the page, can grasp their meaning in meaning.

1. Ruler. Cover part of the text on the right or left with a ruler or a bookmark, 5 to 12 characters wide. The child reads the text at a normal pace.
2. We read somersault. The student should read the text first in its normal form, and then, turning it heading down. Exercise well develops semantic guess and memory. You can try reading the text by rotating it 90 degrees.
3. Halves. We take a sheet of paper and half-close one line of the text that the child is reading at this time. Only the upper halves of the letters are covered, the lower ones should be visible. The line has been read. Now we close the next line and so we go on. In this method, a "military trick" is encrypted: if the child is even a little quick-witted, he will try to read the lines even before they are covered with a sheet. This is how the speed increases!

Reading paired with an adult

This is teaching fast reading for schoolchildren using an imposed reading speed. The child has to adjust to the speed of an adult, which means that he reads a little more lively.

1. Parallel reading. An adult reads the text, changing the speed - sometimes faster, sometimes slower. The student should put his finger on the text and follow, without ever getting lost.
2. Relay race. Alternately, the text is read by an adult or a child. Moreover, the role change can be sudden (not necessarily at the end of the paragraph). Whenever possible, the adult tries to speed up the pace.
3. Tail. The adult begins to read the text, and the student enters a little later, with a delay of 4 words. The text is read aloud, in an undertone. The student's task is not to get lost.

Conclusion

This is where I end. Train, learn, master new heights!

If you want to know more, I recommend the book by Shamil Akhmadullin “Speed ​​reading for children. How to teach a child to read and understand correctly "... It provides exercises for developing reading techniques in three age categories children, including speed reading for preschoolers.

The technique is convenient for lessons on developing reading techniques at home, as it contains theoretical material in a short form and tasks with detailed instructions.

Write about your impressions, difficulties or victories in the comments. Invite friends, acquaintances.