Life and creative path of the Nekrasov table. The main dates of life and work
1821 - November 28 (December 10 new style) in the town of Nemirov, Podolsk province, a son, Nikolai, was born in the family of Alexei Sergeevich and Elena Andreevna Nekrasov.
1824 - Moving of the Nekrasovs to the ancestral Greshnevo of the Yaroslavl province.
1832-1837 - Teaching at the Yaroslavl gymnasium.
1838 - Arrival to St. Petersburg. Appearance of the poem "Thought" in No. 5 of the "Son of the Fatherland" magazine.
1839 - Unsuccessful attempt to enter the university.
1840 - Release of the first collection of Nekrasov "Dreams and Sounds". The beginning of cooperation in the publications of F.A.Kony
1841 - Death of the poet's mother.
1842 - Acquaintance with Belinsky.
1843 - Beginning of publishing activity.
1845 - Publication of the collection "Physiology of St. Petersburg"
1846 - The release of the "Petersburg Collection". It contains Nekrasov's poems "On the Road" and "Lullaby".
1847 - The beginning of Nekrasov's "Contemporary". Belinsky's work in it.
1848 - The beginning of the "gloomy seven years" in Russian public life. Censored persecution of Sovremennik.
1853 - Severe illness of Nekrasov. Creation of "The Last Elegies".
1854 - Arrival to Chernyshevsky's Sovremennik.
1856 - Departure of Nekrasov abroad. The publication of N. Nekrasov's collection "Poems".
1857 - Homecoming. Poem "Silence". Arrival to Dobrolyubov's Sovremennik.
1860 - Leaving Turgenev's Sovremennik.
1861 - Death of Dobrolyubov. "Peddlers" are written.
1862 - The arrest of Chernyshevsky. The first prohibition of Sovremennik. Death of the father.
1863 - Renewal of Sovremennik. Creation of the poem "Frost-Red Nose". The poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" has begun. Acquisition of Karabikha.
1865 (early)- parting with A. Ya. Panaeva.
1866 - Strengthening the reaction after Karakoz's assassination attempt on Alexander II. "Ode to Muravyov". Closing of Sovremennik.
1868 - The beginning of Nekrasov's "Notes of the Fatherland".
1869 - Publication in the "Notes of the Fatherland" of the "Prologue" and the first chapters of the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia".
1870 - Rapprochement with future wife Fekla Anisimovna Viktorova (Zinaida Nikolaevna Nekrasova). The poem "Grandfather" was published with a dedication to her.
1871-1872 - Creation of "Russian women" by the poet.
1873-1874 - The release of the last lifetime edition of "Poems" by Nekrasov. Collaboration of L. Tolstoy and Dostoevsky with Otechestvennye zapiski.
1874-1875 - The beginning of the last illness.
1876 - Work on the fourth part of the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" - "A Feast for the Whole World."
1877 - The release of the book "Last Songs". December 27 (January 8 new style)- Poets death. December 30th- Funeral at the cemetery of the Novodevichy Convent in St. Petersburg.
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Chronological table Nikolay Alekseevich Nekrasov
November 28, 1821 - Born in the town of Nemirov in the Podolsk province. In the family of an officer. He spent his childhood in the village of Greshnevs in the Yaroslavl province on his father's estate on the Volga. Father - Alexei Sergeevich, an ignorant, unhuman, cruel landowner. He kept his two sons in austerity: Nikolai and Andrey. Mother - Elena Andreevna is an educated, meek, humble, calm and loving mother. She always stood up for offended peasants, for her children, instilled in them love for people, for work, striving for truth, goodness and justice. The poet left a grateful memory of her forever.
1832 - Nekrasov entered the Yaroslavl gymnasium.
1837 - Graduated from the Yaroslavl gymnasium and began to write poetry.
1838 - Came to St. Petersburg, with a dream to enter St. Petersburg University, but failed to enter, as his father refused to N.A.Nekrasov in material assistance... N. A. Nekrasov fell into the most terrible poverty.
1840 - Publishes his first collection of poems "Dreams and Sounds", but he had no success with readers and Belinsky condemned this collection.
1843 - Acquaintance with V.G.Belinsky. The meeting with him was very important event in the life of N. A. Nekrasov.
1846 - 1866 - N. A. Nekrasov, an employee of the Sovremennik magazine.
1861 - Death of Dobrolyubov. In honor of him, A.N. Nekrasov wrote a poem.
1861 - Poem "The Peddlers".
1862 - Orest and Chernyshevsky's exile.
1863 - Break with Panaeva Avdotya Yakovlevna. When he began to collaborate in the journal Otechestvennye zapiski, he worked with her husband. Nekrasov fell in love with her and she fell in love with him, she lived in a civil marriage for 15 years, and the relationship with her ex-husband, Nekrasov, strangely enough, remained friendly. He dedicated many poems to her, including the Panaevsky cycle.
1863 - 1864 - Poem "Frost Red Nose", poem " Railway"," Homeland "," Arina, the soldier's mother. "
1866 - The publication of the journal "Otechestvennye zapiski" together with Saltykov Shchedrin led the magazine for 10 years, until his death.
1872 - 1873 - The poem "Russian women" (Princess Trubitskaya and Princess Volkonskaya) about the wives of the Decembrists.
1877 - Publication of the collection "Last Songs".
1877 December 27 - (January 8, 1878 in a new style) - Death of Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov in St. Petersburg, throat cancer.
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N. A. Nekrasov chronological table DateEvent November 28, 1821 Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov was born in Nemirov, in the Ukraine, where his father, Major A.S. Nekrasov, served. He spent his childhood in the village of Greshnevs in the Yaroslavl province on his father's estate on the Volga. 1832-1837 Nikolai studied at the Yaroslavl gymnasium and even then began to write poetry. 1838 against the will of his father, N.A.Nekrasov went to St. Petersburg to enter the university. He did not enter the university, he lived in poverty. 1840 Publishes his first collection of poems "Dreams and Sounds", but he was not successful 1843 the poet met with V. G. Belinsky, whose ideas had a huge influence on Nekrasov. In 1850-1860, during the social upsurge of the peasant reform, Nekrasov published the works "The Poet and the Citizen", "Song of Eremushka", "Reflections at the Front Entrance", the poem "The Peddlers". In 1856 the collection Poems was published ( best works for 10 years). 1847-1866 Nikolai Alekseevich published and edited the Sovremennik magazine. 1868 worked on the journal Otechestvennye zapiski. 1856-1877 period of active creative activity. Publication of the collection "Last Songs". Writes the 4th part "Who lives well in Russia." December 27, 1877 A. Nekrasov died in St. Petersburg. (due to a serious illness.)
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1821, November 28 (December 10) - N. A. Nekrasov was born in Ukraine in the town
Nemirov, Podolsk province, in the noble family of retired lieutenant Alexei Sergeevich and Elena Andreevna Nekrasov.
1824-1832 - Life in the village of Greshnevo, Yaroslavl province
1838 - Leaves the estate of his father Greshnevo to enter the St. Petersburg noble regiment at his will, but, against his wishes, decides to enter St. Petersburg University;
the father deprives him of his livelihood.
1840 - The first imitative collection of poems "Dreams and Sounds".
1843 - Acquaintance with V.G.Belinsky.
1845 - The poem "On the Road";
enthusiastic review of V.G.Belinsky.
1845-1846 - Publisher of two collections of natural school writers - "Physiology of St. Petersburg" and "St. Petersburg Collection".
1847-1865 - Editor and publisher of the Sovremennik magazine.
1853 - The cycle "Last Elegies".
1856 - The first collection "Poems by N. Nekrasov".
1861 - Poem "Peddlers";
publication of the second edition of "Poems of N. Nekrasov".
1862 - Poem "Knight for an hour", poems " Green noise"," Countryside suffering is in full swing ";
the acquisition of the Karabikha estate near Yaroslavl.
1863-1864 - Poem "Frost, Red Nose", poems "Orina, Soldier's Mother", "In Memory of Dobrolyubov", "Railway".
1865 - The first part of the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" is published.
1868 - Publication of the first issue of N. A. Nekrasov's new journal "Otechestvennye zapiski" with the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia".
1868-1877 - Together with M. Ye. Saltykov-Shchedrin, he edits the journal Otechestvennye zapiski.
1870 - Poem "Grandfather".
1871-1872 - Poems "Princess Trubetskaya" and "Princess Volkonskaya".
1876 - Work on the fourth part of the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia".
1877 - The book "Last Songs" is published.
1877, December 27 (1878, January 8) - Nekrasov died in St. Petersburg. Buried in the cemetery of the Novodevichy Convent
Role and place in literature
Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov is a famous Russian poet, prose writer, critic, publisher of the 19th century. Nekrasov's literary activities contributed to the development of Russian literary language... In his works, he used both folk traditions and new speech elements. The poet is considered an innovator in the field of literary genres. His folk, satirical poems became an important contribution to the golden fund of Russian literature.
Origins and early years
Nekrasov was born on December 10, 1821 in the city of Nemirov. The future poet came from a noble family, previously wealthy.
Father - Alexei Sergeevich Nekrasov, an army officer, a wealthy landowner. He had a soft spot for gambling and women. Father could not serve as a good moral example: he had a cruel, violent character typical of serf-owners. He mistreated the serfs, made his wife and children suffer.
Mother - Elena Andreevna Nekrasova (nee Zakrevskaya), heiress of a wealthy possessor of the Kherson province. She was educated and pretty. She liked the young officer Alexei Sergeevich, but her parents were against marriage. Then the woman decided to get married without their consent. However, family life with an oppressive husband became a nightmare.
Nikolai Alekseevich's childhood was held in the family estate in the village of Greshnevo. He grew up in a large family. In addition to him, the parents had 12 more children. However, the atmosphere was not favorable: the father constantly abused the serfs, did not respect his family. The precarious financial situation forced Alexei Sergeevich to take the position of a police officer. He drove around the neighborhood and beat the arrears from the peasants. Father often took little Nicholas with him to work, perhaps to show what a landowner should be like. However, the future poet, on the contrary, forever inflamed with hatred of the serf-owners and pity for the common people.
Education
When Nekrasov was 11 years old, he was sent to study at the Yaroslavl gymnasium. There he stayed until grade 5. He did not study very well, did not get along with the school administration, which was unhappy with his satirical rhymes.
In 1838, the father sent his 17-year-old son to St. Petersburg to enter the noble regiment. However, Nikolai did not share his father's dream of military career... Having met a friend from the gymnasium who became a student, he also wanted to study. Therefore, Nekrasov violates his father's order and tries to enter St. Petersburg University, but to no avail. He becomes an auditor to lectures. A strict father does not forgive his son and stops providing him with money. Young Nekrasov is now forced to fight for survival. He spent most of his time looking for work. By chance he found a way to make money - he wrote petitions for a pittance.
Creation
Having lived independently for several years in need, Nekrasov gradually began to get out of it with the help of his literary talent. He gave private lessons, published small articles in periodicals... The first successes inspired the young man - and he seriously thinks about literary activity: tries himself in poetry and prose. At first, Nikolai writes in a romantic direction, imitating the best representatives, which will later become the basis for the development of their own realistic method.
In 1840, with the support of comrades, Nekrasov published the first book entitled "Dreams and Sounds". The poems were a clear imitation of the romantic works of famous poets. The critic Belinsky gave a negative assessment of the book, although he noted that the poems of the young poet "came out of the soul." Not only critics, but also readers did not take Nekrasov's poetic debut seriously. This upset Nikolai so much that he himself bought up his books to destroy, as the famous Gogol once did.
After a poetic failure, Nekrasov tries his hand at prose. In his works, he displayed a personal life experience, therefore, the images turned out to be true and therefore close to the people.
Nekrasov tries himself in different genres, including humorous: he writes joke poems and vaudeville.
Publishing also attracted a multifaceted writer.
Major works
The poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" is a very important work in the creative heritage of Nikolai Nekrasov. It was written between 1866 and 1876. main idea poems - search happy person in Russia. The work reflected the truthful position of the people in the post-reform period.
Of the many poems by Nekrasov, schoolchildren can be offered the work "On the Road" for study. This is an early work by Nekrasov, but the author's style is already visible in it.
Last years
In 1875, Nekrasov was diagnosed with a terrible disease - intestinal cancer. His last works are a cycle of poems "Last Songs" dedicated to his wife. The poet died on December 27, 1877.
Chronological table (by dates)
Interesting facts from the life of the poet
- Nikolai Nekrasov was very critical of his own work.
- The poet loved to play cards, once he lost a large sum of money to A. Chuzhbinsky. As it turned out, he cheated with long nails.
- The poet was fond of hunting, he loved to go to the bear.
- Nekrasov suffered from bouts of melancholy and depression, which was badly reflected in his personal life .
Nikolay Nekrasov Museum
There are several museums in honor of Nikolai Nekrasov: in St. Petersburg, Chudovo, in the Karabikha estate, where the poet lived from 1871 to 1876.
1821 - November 28 (December 10, new style) in the town of Nemirov, Podolsk province, a son, Nikolai, was born in the family of Alexei Sergeevich and Elena Andreevna Nekrasov.
1824 - The Nekrasovs moved to the ancestral Greshnevo of the Yaroslavl province.
1837 - Teaching at the Yaroslavl gymnasium.
1838 - Arrival to St. Petersburg. Appearance of the poem "Thought" in No. 5 of the "Son of the Fatherland" magazine.
1839 - Unsuccessful attempt to enter the university.
1840 - The first collection of Nekrasov's "Dreams and Sounds" is published. The beginning of cooperation in the publications of F.A.Kony
1841 - Death of the poet's mother.
1842 - Acquaintance with Belinsky.
1843 - Publishing started.
1845 - Publication of the collection "Physiology of St. Petersburg"
1846 - The release of the "Petersburg collection". It contains Nekrasov's poems "On the Road" and "Lullaby".
1847 - The beginning of Nekrasov's Sovremennik. Belinsky's work in it.
1848 - The beginning of the "gloomy seven years" in Russian public life. Censored persecution of Sovremennik.
1853 - Severe illness of Nekrasov. Creation of "The Last Elegies".
1854 - Arrival at Chernyshevsky's Sovremennik.
1856 - Departure of Nekrasov abroad. The publication of N. Nekrasov's collection "Poems".
1857 - Return to the homeland. Poem "Silence". Arrival to Dobrolyubov's Sovremennik.
1860 - Leaving Turgenev's Sovremennik.
1861 - Death of Dobrolyubov. "Peddlers" are written.
1862 - Arrest of Chernyshevsky. The first prohibition of Sovremennik. Death of the father.
1863 - Renewal of Sovremennik. Creation of the poem "Frost-Red Nose". The poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" has begun. Acquisition of Karabikha.
1865 (beginning) - parting with A. Ya. Panaeva.
1866 - Strengthening of the reaction after the Karakoz attempt on the life of Alexander II. "Ode to Muravyov". Closing of Sovremennik.
1868 - The beginning of Nekrasov's "Notes of the Fatherland".
1869 - Publication in the "Notes of the Fatherland" of the "Prologue" and the first chapters of the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia".
1870 - Rapprochement with his future wife Fekla Anisimovna Viktorova (Zinaida Nikolaevna Nekrasova). The poem "Grandfather" was published with a dedication to her.
1872 - Creation of "Russian women" by the poet.
1874 - The publication of the last lifetime edition of Nekrasov's Poems. Collaboration of L. Tolstoy and Dostoevsky with Otechestvennye zapiski.
1875 - The beginning of the last illness.
1876 - Work on the fourth part of the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" - "A Feast for the Whole World".
1877 - The book "Last Songs" is published. December 27 (January 8, new style) - Death of the poet. December 30 - Funeral at the cemetery of the Novodevichy Convent in St. Petersburg.
BRIEF BIBLIOGRAPHY MAIN PUBLICATIONS OF THE WORKS OF N.A.NEKRASOV
Poems. SPb., 1856.
Poems, vol. I-IV. SPb., 1879.
Complete collection essays and letters, vol. I-XII. M., 1848-1953.
Collection of poems, "Library of the poet". Large series, vol. I-III. L., 1967.
Complete works and letters in fifteen volumes, vol. I-II (the edition continues). L., 1981-1985.
Correspondence of N.A.Nekrasov in two volumes. M., 1987.
N. A. Nekrasov in the memoirs of his contemporaries. M., 1971.
Nekrasov collection, vol. I-IX. M. - L., 1951-1988.
Nekrasov in Russian criticism. M., 1944.
Ashukin N.S. Chronicle of the life and work of N.A.Nekrasov. M. - L., 1935.
Evgeniev-Maksimov V.E. Life and work of N. A. Nekrasov. t. 1-3. M.-L., 1947-1952.
Chukovsky K.I. Nekrasov's Mastery. 4th ed. M., 1962.
Gruzdev A. I. Poem by N. A. Nekrasov "Who Lives Well in Russia". L., 1966.
Rozanova L.A. Poem by N. A. Nekrasov "Who Lives Well in Russia". A comment. L., 1970.
Gin M. From Fact to Image and Plot. On the poetry of N. A. Nekrasov. M., 1971.
Zhdanov V. Nekrasov. Ed. 2nd. M., 1971.
Bukhshtab B. Nekrasov. L., 1989.
* Nikolay Alekseevich Nekrasov was born October 10 (November 28) 1821 in Nemyriv, Vinnitsa district, Podolsk province.
* Nekrasov's father, Aleksey Sergeevich, was a small local nobleman, an officer. Having retired, he settled in his family estate, in the village of Greshneve, Yaroslavl province (now the village of Nekrasovo). He had several serfs' souls, to whom he was rather harsh. His son with early years watched this, and it is believed that this circumstance led to the formation of Nekrasov as a poet-revolutionary.
* Nekrasov's mother, Alexandra Andreevna Zakrevskaya, became his first teacher. She was educated, and all her children (who were 14) also tried to instill a love for the Russian language and literature.
* Nikolai Nekrasov's childhood years were spent in Greshnevo. At the age of 7, the future poet had already begun to write poetry, and a few years later - satire.
* 1832 - 1837- studies at the Yaroslavl gymnasium. Nekrasov is an average student, periodically conflicting with his superiors because of his satirical poems.
* 1838 year- Nekrasov without completing training course in the gymnasium (reached only the 5th grade), leaves for St. Petersburg to enter the noble regiment. Father dreamed that Nikolai Alekseevich would become a military man. But in St. Petersburg, Nekrasov, against the will of his father, is trying to enter the university. The poet can't stand entrance examinations, and he has to decide on a volunteer at the Faculty of Philology.
* 1838 - 1840- Nikolai Nekrasov is a volunteer at the Faculty of Philology of St. Petersburg University. Upon learning of this, the father deprives him of material support. According to Nekrasov's own recollections, he lived in poverty for about three years, interrupted by small odd jobs. At the same time, the poet is included in the literary and journalistic circle of St. Petersburg.
* In the same (1838) year, the first publication of Nekrasov took place. The poem "Thought" is published in the journal "Son of the Fatherland". Later, several poems appear in the "Library for Reading", then - in the "Literary Supplements to the" Russian Invalid ".
* All the difficulties of the first years of his life in St. Petersburg Nikolai Alekseevich will describe later in the novel "The Life and Adventures of Tikhon Trostnikov." 1840 year- for the first savings, Nekrasov decides to publish his first collection, which he does under the signature "N.N." Zhukovsky discourages him. The collection "Dreams and Sounds" is not successful. Frustrated, Nekrasov destroys part of the print run.
* 1841 year- Nekrasov begins to collaborate in Otechestvennye zapiski.
* The same period - Nikolai Alekseevich makes a living doing journalism. He edits the "Russian newspaper" and maintains in it the headings "Chronicle of Petersburg life", "Petersburg dachas and environs". Collaborates in "Notes of the Fatherland", "Russian Disabled", theatrical "Pantheon". At the same time, under the pseudonym N.A. Perepelsky writes fairy tales, alphabets, vaudeville, melodramatic plays. The latter are successfully staged on the stage of the Alexandria Theater in St. Petersburg.
* 1843 year- Nekrasov meets Belinsky. He tries publishing and publishes the almanac "Articles in Verse ...".
* 1845 year- The first realistic poem by Nekrasov, "On the Road", was written. The poem received the highest praise from Belinsky.
* The same year - Nekrasov publishes the almanac "Physiology of St. Petersburg".
* 1846 year- Nikolai Alekseevich publishes the almanacs “Petersburg Collection” and “April Fools”. All the poet's almanacs include works by Belinsky, Turgenev, Dostoevsky, Dahl, Herzen. In police denunciations, Nekrasov is called “the most desperate communist” for portraying the "base" life of St. Petersburg.
*1847 - 1866- Nekrasov is the editor of the Sovremennik magazine.
* 1847-1864 years- Nekrasov is in a civil marriage with the writer Avdotya Yakovlevna Panaeva, who also collaborates in Sovremennik.
* The main themes of the poet's work during this period were lyrics (poems dedicated to Panaeva), poems about the urban poor, about peasant life, about the people.
* Middle 1850s- Nekrasov is being treated for a sore throat in Italy.
*1856 year- the next collection of poems by Nekrasov is a resounding success.
* 1862 year- the poem "Knight for an Hour" was written. The work was the result of Nikolai Alekseevich's trip to his native places. The same year - Nekrasov acquired the Karabikha estate, located not far from Yaroslavl. Since this year, the poet spends every summer in Karabikh.
*1866 year- after the peasant reform, the revolutionary-democratic magazine Sovremennik was banned by the censor.
* 1866 - 1876- work on the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia".
* 1868 year- Nekrasov acquires the right to publish Otechestvennye zapiski, which together with M.Ye. He leads Saltykov until his death.
* 1870 year- the poem "Grandfather" was written.
* 1871 - 1872- Nekrasov writes the poem "Russian women".
* 1875 year- the poem "Contemporaries" was written. At the beginning of the same year, the poet fell seriously ill. The then famous surgeon Billroth came from Vienna to operate on Nekrasov, but the operation did not give results.
* 1877 year- Nekrasov publishes a cycle of poems "Last Songs". December 27, 1877(January 8, 1878) - Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov dies in St. Petersburg from cancer. Buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.
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