Map of the visible side of the moon with names. Alien on Google Maps of the Moon

Planetary scientists from the US Ohio State University (OSU) have explained the origin of the most prominent features of the Moon's landscape - the "seas" and "oceans." Scientists believe that they originated in a collision with an asteroid that crashed into the moon from the opposite side. According to new research, an extremely large object once struck the invisible side of the Moon and was able to send a shock wave even through the lunar core to the side of the Moon that faces the Earth. The lunar crust there in places "peeled off" and "burst" - and now the Moon has characteristic scars from that old cataclysm. This discovery has great importance for the future exploration of lunar minerals, and besides, all this will probably help to solve some terrestrial geological mysteries associated with the impact on the Earth of collisions with large celestial bodies. Already the first flights of Soviet lunar stations and American "Apollo" showed that the shape of the moon is far from an ideal sphere. And the most significant deviations from this sphere are observed in two places at once, and the bulge on the side that is always facing the Earth corresponds to a dent on the invisible side of the Moon. However, for a long time it was believed that these surface features are caused only by the influence of the earth's gravity, which "pulled" this hump from the moon at the dawn of its existence, when the lunar surface was molten and plastic.
Now Laramie Potts and the professor geological sciences Ralph von Frese of Ohio State University was able to explain the appearance of these features by the impact of ancient asteroid collisions. Potts and von Frese came to this conclusion after studying the data on variations in the gravitational field of the Moon (which in principle allows you to display a map of the lunar "entrails" and find indications of the concentration of minerals useful to humans), obtained with the help of NASA satellites Clementine "(Clementine, DSPSE) and Lunar Prospector. It was expected that material displacements caused by powerful collisions with large celestial bodies with the absorption of collision energy (these places correspond to huge impact craters on the surface) could also be tracked in layers located below the lunar crust, at the level of the mantle (that is, in a vast layer separating the metal lunar core from its thin outer crust), but nothing more. However, it turned out that the extensive dents not only correspond to the same bulges on the opposite side of the Moon, but, moreover, similar protrusions are also present in the mantle layer - as if squeezed out by some powerful blow coming straight from the lunar bowels. Thus, it is possible to trace the path of shock waves affecting the lunar interior in a certain selected direction.
Beneath the lunar surface, where the alleged collision occurred, a "concave region" was discovered where the mantle deepens into the core. The "dent" in the core is located 700 kilometers below the surface. - Scientists say they did not expect to see the traces of a "cosmic catastrophe" so deep. From this it follows that the molten layer could not extinguish the powerful impact of the asteroid - and the wave spread further into the depths of the moon. Potts and von Frese believe that all the key events that determined the current pattern of the lunar "seas" took place about 4 billion years ago, during the period when our moon was still geologically active - its core and mantle were then liquid and filled with flowing magma ... The moon in those days was located much closer to the Earth than it is now (later it gradually receded due to tidal interactions), so the gravitational interactions between these celestial bodies were especially strong. When magma was released from the depths of the Moon by collisions with asteroids and created a kind of vast "hill", the Earth's gravity, as it were, "picked up" it and did not release it from its embrace until everything there solidified. So the warped surface on the visible and invisible sides of the moon and the characteristic internal features connecting the trough and the ledge are a direct legacy of those ancient times that the Moon never could heal. The strange dark valleys - "seas" on the lunar side visible from the Earth are explained by the frozen magma flowing to the surface, and so forever (this is "frozen ocean of magma", in the words of von Frese). Exactly how such vast volumes of magma managed to find their way to the lunar surface remains unclear, but scientists suggest that the most powerful cataclysms discussed above may have provoked the emergence of a geological "hot spot" - the concentration of magma bubbles at the surface. After some time, some of the magma contained there under pressure was able to seep through cracks in the crust.

Space has always been of interest to man, and the Moon, as the closest object, has become the subject of close attention. On June 30, 1964, NASA's Ranger program received the first images of the Moon from close range and began collecting information to prepare for a manned flight to the Moon. Since that time, the number of photographs has steadily increased, and along with them the number of lunar mysteries has grown. What professionals and amateurs did not find in the pictures of our neighbor ...

A strange object above the lunar horizon, captured by Lunokhod-2.

In various places on the Earth's satellite, traces were removed, presumably left by rolling boulders.

The first photographs of such phenomena appeared in the early 1970s, and their collection is still being replenished.

The smaller object in this image, the one that made the longer path, somehow lifted out of the crater before continuing downhill.

This image was taken with the help of Google Moon: on the back side of the satellite near the Moscow Sea, with a strong approach, you can see a strange object - seven points located at right angles.

This image was captured by the Clementine HIRES camera. The eroded structure has a clearly rectangular anatomy.

And this is a crater shot on the far side of the moon, which looks more like a hole in the surface. This type of crater has been called "collapse craters", and ufologists suspect that it is nothing more than the remnants of underground lunar structures.

The crater in this photo does have rectangular shape, which is contrary to the laws of nature.

These are the craters Messier and Messier A. Also a strange shape, similar to the fact that they are connected by a tunnel.
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Image taken by the American Lunar Orbiter probe on the far side of the Moon. In the Sea of ​​Crises, near the Picard crater, there rises an amazing "tower" resembling a man-made structure.

Skeptics believe that this "lunar tower" is just a defect in the processing of the film, but judging by the enlarged fragment of the image, the object seems quite real.

The second Lunar Orbiter find is even more controversial: image number LO3-84M shows a strange structure almost two kilometers high.

The shadow of the object and its unevenness in reflected light are clearly visible, as if it were made of glass.

An anomaly in the form of an unusual rectangle in the lunar crater was found by modern virtual archaeologists on one of the photos of the Apollo 10 mission, which are in the public domain.

Fans of riddles believe that the lens hit the entrance to a certain dungeon.

And this is a snapshot of a relief that resembles ruins on Earth.

October 30, 2007 former leader NASA's Lunar Laboratory Photo Services Ken Johnston and writer Richard Hoagland held a press conference in Washington, DC, which immediately appeared on all the world's news channels.

They said that at one time, American astronauts discovered on the moon the ruins of ancient cities and artifacts that speak of the existence of some highly developed civilization on it in the distant past.

And this pyramidal elevation on dark side The moon.

The Chinese lunar satellite Chang'e-2, launched on October 1, 2010, discovered such objects.

The pictures were published by Alex Collier, who is known for retelling messages coming from space from aliens.

Here are more pictures of the lunar surface, which show structures of an interesting shape.

Some kind of construction.

Relief of unusual shape.

In the picture, you can clearly distinguish the outlines of the buildings.

Another object that seems to be artificial.

A similar glow on the dark side of the moon has been seen many times.

And this strangely shaped stone is very much like a skull.

Unidentified object on the lunar surface.

A sensational article appeared in the American newspaper "New York Times": "A human skeleton was found on the moon." The publication refers to the astrophysicist from China Mao Kan, who presented this photo at a conference in Beijing.

NASA released these images taken by cameras that were installed on the twin satellites Ebb and Flow, one of which flew over the rectangular object.

Again lunar "buildings".

Not so long ago, ufologists from the Secure Team 10 discovered a "tank" in one of the NASA images.

A popular American ufologist under the nickname Streetcap1 found an "alien base" in the pictures back side Moons taken by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter probe.

This is a snapshot of the lunar surface, published by former NASA employee Ken Johnson: in its center you can see the module of the Apollo mission, but on the left side there are several mysterious points.

Most of the points are located in even parallel rows, which is extremely rare for natural formations.

New research from NASA has shown that the Moon has mysterious swirling patterns of light and dark spots. They are found in over a hundred different locations across the entire surface.

On November 25, 2015, an amateur astronomer named Dennis Simmons captured the International space station, which should be at an altitude of about 400 km from the Earth's surface, but for some reason in the photo is right next to the Moon.

In the same place, the station was captured by another Australian, Tom Haradine, who filmed on November 21, 2015.

It turns out that either the ISS flew to the Moon, or astronomers took a photo of an unknown object, similar to an earth station.

A lot of noise on the Web was caused by footage, which clearly shows that an "alien" is wandering on the surface of the Moon.

On September 15, 2012, one of the amateur astronomers published a video on the Web in which you can see how a whole flock of small luminous objects break away from the surface of one of the craters.

UFOs over the lunar surface were also found in the frames taken by the Apollo 10 mission.

And this huge oblong "alien ship" "buried" its nose in lunar soil, apparently, with an unsuccessful landing.

This object with a "tail" of light was discovered by ufologists in the frames of the Apollo 11 mission.

A UFO resembles a projectile or a flying ship.

This group of lights separated from the surface of the Earth's satellite.

A photo of an unusual object above the lunar horizon was taken by Apollo 17 pilot Garrison Schmidt.

"Straight wall" - this is the name of a perfectly flat formation almost 75 km long.

Photo by Google Moon. Screenshot from the application

Google employees regularly delight their users with a variety of new applications. They have not forgotten about the lovers of astronomy and everyone who is interested in stars, planets and other celestial objects. Google's 3d moon map is just for people like that.

As you know, "Moon" - translated from English is "moon". Therefore, the name of this application (Google Moon maps) speaks for itself.

Many people use Google maps today. And the company's developers continue to improve these cards more and more and make them even more convenient for users. This is how the Google Moon online application appeared in the summer of 2005. Its appearance was timed to significant date- the anniversary of the landing of the manned spacecraft Apollo-11 on the lunar surface. By the way, spaceship on the moon, Google Moon does not show because of its too small size, but the wheel tracks from lunar rovers are visible!

Application features

In general, this application belongs to the larger Google Earth. You cannot download Google Moon, it comes with the Google Earth application. It should be noted that this is a very popular application among modern users. It has been downloaded several million times already. With its help, any person, sitting on the couch at home, can go on a journey anywhere in the world. A very unusual and attractive opportunity for everyone.

Possibilities

The advent of the "Moon" mode further expanded the capabilities of the application. Now the user can also travel on the moon. By choosing this mode, you can use the following additions:

- go to wander on the lunar surface directly to the places where the astronauts of the large-scale Apollo mission landed, and read their comments;

- to see rare video footage of which was filmed by the participants of the Apollo mission;

- admire different models of spacecraft in 3D;

- look at circular panoramic photos, as well as enlarge them and try to find traces of the participants in the mission. Their coordinates for Google Moon are available on the World Wide Web.

How to start your journey?

To go "wandering" on the surface of the Moon, it is enough to install the "Planet Earth" program on your computer. You can easily do it yourself by downloading it on the vastness of the World Wide Web. It is also worth noting that its installation is free for every user. And if you don't want to install anything, then the complete Google Moon map is available on our website.

The moon is unique heavenly body... The ancient Greeks or even the Sumerians could have made a rough map of the moon. But what are the Sumerians, a Cro-Magnon could depict her on the wall of his cave tens of thousands of years ago. Therefore, it is surprising that the oldest surviving drawing of the moon is only 400 years old.
According to some studies, the surface of the visible side of the Moon is much older than the crust on the back, the age difference can reach half a billion years.

Moon map - visible hemisphere

The visible side of the Moon is the part of the lunar surface visible from the Earth. Due to the fact that the period of rotation around the Earth and the period of rotation around its axis of the Moon coincide, only one hemisphere of the Moon can be observed from the Earth. From the Earth on the Moon, you can see various selenological formations - seas, craters, mountains and mountain ranges, faults, cracks. “Seas” on the Moon are dark areas, which are relatively flat areas of the satellite's surface covered with solidified lava, in contrast to light areas - “continents”, which are covered with regolith, dust, stones. Seas are subdivided into seas proper, oceans, lakes, bays and swamps. On the visible side there are significantly more seas than on the opposite side (21 seas, one ocean and 16 lakes against 2 seas and 3 lakes) and the seas themselves are larger. Perhaps because of such a difference, the Moon is turned to the Earth on one side.

Map of the Moon - Eastern Hemisphere in Longitude 120 °

The rotation of the Moon around the axis and around the Earth do not coincide exactly: around the Earth, the Moon revolves with a variable angular velocity due to the eccentricity of the lunar orbit, it moves faster near the perigee, and slower near the apogee. However, the rotation of the moon around its own axis is uniform. This allows the western and eastern edges of the far side of the moon to be seen from Earth. Until 1959, when the reverse side was first photographed, the visible half was the only subject of study in selenography. And due to the fact that many details of the surface can be discerned with the naked eye, the compilation of maps of the moon began in antiquity.

Moon Map - Western Hemisphere in Longitude 120 °

Lunar craters - traces of impacts of meteorites on the surface of the Earth's satellite. Most of the craters on the side facing us are named by name famous people in the history of science such as Tycho Brahe, Copernicus and Ptolemy. In contrast to the reverse side, the visible part of the craters is much smaller: the Bayi crater is the largest crater in the visible hemisphere (287 km in diameter), much smaller than many craters on the side invisible from Earth, which may exceed the size of some lunar seas, and the Basin impact crater South Pole- Aitken, 25 times larger than the Bayi crater (it is located at the south lunar pole, and most of it belongs to the back side). The number of craters on the visible side of the Moon is less than on the opposite, but still very large - 300,000 more than a kilometer in diameter. The continents of the Moon are crossed by mountain ranges. They are located mainly along the "coasts" of the seas. Lunar mountain ranges are named after terrestrial mountain ranges: Apennines, Caucasus, Alps, Altai.

How to make a map of the moon

The source material for displaying the relief of the lunar surface on maps is photographs taken by ground-based telescopes, as well as by automatic and manned spacecraft. Moreover, it should be borne in mind that one photograph of any part of the surface cannot convey all the features of this region, since the appearance of the lunar surface in the images changes significantly with changing lighting conditions. The best photographic atlases of the visible side of the Moon usually contain several photographs of each region taken at different heights of the Sun: oblique rays emphasize the relief, vertical ones highlight differences in color and brightness. For the reverse side, there are no such detailed atlases yet.

Moon surface maps

The moon is a natural satellite of the earth. The closest satellite of the planet to the Sun, since the planets closest to the Sun, Mercury and Venus, do not have satellites. The second brightest object in the earth's sky after the Sun and the fifth largest natural satellite of the planet Solar system... The average distance between the centers of the Earth and the Moon is 384 467 km (0.002 57 AU, ~ 30 Earth diameters). The moon is the only astronomical object outside the Earth that has been visited by humans.

The first artificial object that overcame the Earth's gravity and flew close to the Moon was the Soviet station Luna 1. The first satellite to reach the lunar surface was the Luna 2 station. The first satellite to take photographs of the far side of the Moon was the Luna 3 station. the programs were successfully completed in 1959. The first successful soft lunar landing was made by the Soviet station Luna 9. The American Apollo lunar program began in the early 1960s with President Kennedy's announcement that the United States would launch a man on the moon before the late 1960s. As a result of this program, the United States was able to carry out 6 successful flights to the moon between 1969 and 1972. After the end of the Apollo program, exploration of our natural satellite virtually ceased for a period of more than 30 years. Only at the beginning of this century, several countries, including Russia, the United States and China, announced the beginning of their lunar programs, the results of which should be the return of man to the moon.