Radio engineering forces of the Russian Air Force. Day of radio engineering troops

December 15 in the Armed Forces of Russia marks the day of education radiotechnical troops Air Force (Air Force). On this day in 1951, the decision of the Council of Ministers of the USSR was created by the early detection of the opponent aircraft.

Radiotechnical troops (RTV) - the genus of the military-air forces of Russia, which are included in the air-space forces of the Russian Federation.

Radiotechnical troops of radar information about the air situation. They lead radar reconnaissance and provide radar information for the combat calculations of higher team points (KP) and the CP of compounds, military units and units of aviation, anti-aircraft missile troops and radio electronic struggle.

In peacetime, all the deployed units and the CP of the compounds and parts of the RTV carry combat duty on the air defense, carry out security tasks state border In airspace.

Radiotechnical troops - relatively young bodies of troops. In its current form, they were formed in January 1952. However, RTV roots go to the story significantly deeper. Already during the First World War, a question arose about the timely prevention of troops and the population about the approach of enemy aviation. It was at the time when organizing the air defense of Petrograd and the Tsarsky village, "posts of observation of the sky" appeared, subsequently united in the air surveillance service, alerts and communications (VOS).

Until the end of the 1930s, posts were equipped with the simplest optical instruments. In 1938, the first radar station "Rus-1" was created in the world (aircraft radio carrier), which received combat baptism in the war with Finland in 1939-1940. In the fall of 1939, designers created a more perfect station "Rus-2" ("Reduce"), widely used during the Great Patriotic War To detect the opponent aircraft.

IN post-war years The need and importance of information on the air opponent, the beginning of its possible attack, control and the prevention of intelligence activities in the country's airspace are constantly increased. In this regard, on December 15, 1951, a resolution of the USSR Council of Ministers "On the establishment of an early detection of aircraft aircraft", on the basis of which, on the basis of parts, the deposits of air defense (air defense) of the country and radiolocation service of fighter air defense were formed radio engineering troops as a genus of troops .

The period from the late 1950s to the mid-1960s was characterized by the rapid development of radio engineering troops. In those years, mass supplies of radar techniques were carried out, troops were deployed. From the mid-1960s until the end of the 1970s, the development of dominant heights continued, the introduction of new equipment into the troops, first of all, automated control systems.

The 1980s in the history of the development of the RTV are characterized by qualitative changes in armament and military equipment. The troops began to receive more powerful radar complexes and radar stations that enabled the best achievements of Soviet scientists in the field of radio engineering and computer science. The mass flow of automation tools made it possible to create automated radar systems across the compounds and associations of air defense troops.

Radar field created on site Soviet Unionallowed almost anywhere in continuous support aircraft.

The process of decaying the Soviet Union and the events that followed him noticeably weakened the agers of the air defense. In connection with the disbandment of a large number of radio engineering parts, a solid radar field over the territory of the state disappeared. The overall system of air defense of the country was significantly weakened.

On January 14, 1994, the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation created a federal system of intelligence and control of airspace (FSR and KVC), which provided for the combination of radar systems and means of air defense systems, the Department of Air Transport, Air Force (Air Force) and the Navy (Navy ) Through the automation system.

In 1998, the military air defense troops and the Air Force was merged into one type of Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - air force. The divisions that solved related tasks were combined, and on the basis of radio engineering troops there was a single system of radar reconnaissance and radar support.

Air Force Radio Engineers have a rich history of ensuring the landing of domestic spacecraft, including the landing of the first cosmonaut of the Earth - Yuri Gagarin, Soviet spacecraft Reusable use "Buran".

The military personnel of the RTV carried out international duty in China and North Korea, Vietnam and Egypt, Syria and Angola, in Cuba and in Afghanistan and a number of other countries.

The RTV of the Air Force consists of radiotechnical regiments (RTP), which are included in the Association of Air Force, Aircraft Defense Brigade (East Kazakhstan), as well as other parts and organizations directly subordinate to the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force.

Radiotechnical troops (RTV) are in service with radio equipment (RTS) and automation tools (CSA) complexes (CSA), intended for maintaining air enemy radar intelligence and issuing radar information about the air situation, within the radar field, the management bodies of the Air Force and other types and labor of the troops Armed Forces, to the Points of Management of Aviation, SPR and Radio Electronic Fight (RES) in solving them of peaceful and military time.

Currently, the Air Force Radio Engineers solve the tasks of controlling the sky of Russia, the protection of its state border in airspace. In 2014, the Air Force Radio Engineering forces was played by more than 380 thousand aircraft flights.

The main directions of development of the Radio Military Troops of the Air Force - Improving the technical equipment of military units and units through conducting measures to extend the resource and modernization of existing equipment and weapons, the development of the new fleet.

The RTV as part of the state defense order began to receive promising radar resources and automation tools complexes, such as the "foundation", including in the mobile version of the execution, the RLS "Sky" of various modifications, "raid", the ominous detector, which have no analogues in the world having Large detection ranges that have the opportunity to work, including on ballistic goals, which have a high accuracy of detection of any types of objectives.

Specialists of radio engineering troops undergo retraining to new samples of equipment in training Center Preparation of specialists of the RTV, and also study at the manufacturer's factory factories.

Material prepared on the basis of RIA news and open sources

The day of the radiotechnical troops of the air force is celebrated on December 15. The date of the celebration coincides with the day of the creation of radio engineering troops in Russia - the Resolution of the USSR Council of Ministers on their formation was signed on December 15, 1951. Radiotechnical troops boast high-tech equipment and the latest technique, which allows continuous support of aircraft anywhere in the country.

Servicemen of radio engineering troops celebrate their professional holiday In the service, being in a state of constant combat readiness. Otherwise, it cannot be - after all, the safety of the country and every citizen depends on them.

Guard heavenly expensive
It is not much honored for many.
Every year we celebrate in December
The holiday of our glorious RTV.

Again and again we will congratulate
You, and commanders and soldiers.
Your native sky is protected
Motherland entrusted guys.

Let the holiday be ill painting
All units and parts.
We want to wish you the world
Joy, love, health, happiness!

Radio engineering, you congratulations!
Let it be waiting for you only success,
As well as in the career up Promotion,
Do not know any trouble, no concerns, no interference!

We wish forever in excellent to be shape,
Huge energy, cheerfulness, forces!
Let your health always be normal
So that you brought joy every day!

Congratulating you, I will say
I am lyrics words.
We do not really need without troops
Radiotechnical.

All who service here carries
I wish goodness.
At the post, in the civilian sphere
Live without dull.

Country sleeps while
In the rank of radio engineering troops.
There are no provocateurs in the country,
Drive radar radar.

Let him not break the enemy airspace,
And our state flourishes.
And friendly family will meet you at home
Honor and respect among colleagues familiar.

You serve you in the RTV? I congratulate you
And I wish the defender from the soul
Be healthy, persistent, brave,
Well, with the technique - skillful.

Catch all signals smoothly
So that our homeland slept calmly.
Let you, dear my soldier,
Always only peaceful waves fly!

Radio machinery for air force
This is pride, it is fame, and technical progress,
So that the world was and peace, in our sky blue,
Happy and night at the post of Falcon of Russia!
Let them not hope for a miracle spies, provocateurs,
Take it in one moment of them, radar!
And you, serving these troops, our congratulations,
Let you accompany luck and in affairs luck,
Let you bypass you, and trouble, and grief,
Joy to you Ocean, Love and Happiness Sea!

Radiotechnical troops The holiday has come.
I wish you new meetings, smiles, strength.
Let a wonderful holiday bring you success.
So that you become awesome and lucky all!

Let, like a long radar
Happiness, laughter and joy arrive at you.
Collect rather close all friends.
Holiday mark your brighter, fun!

Let's notify about the imminent approach of the enemy
Radiotechnical glorious troops.
Carry permanent combat duty,
In the sky, on the ground there is a storing.

Locators are their tearful eyes.
Ears serve tracking stations.
It is impossible to deceive them to the enemy.
And we are proud of them, no doubt!

Various intelligence and tracking devices,
Airspace is protected from invasion.
At any time of the day, at any time of the year,
Everyone is kept under control - not looking at the weather.

Military electronics and craftsmanship
Air borders can be safely trusted.
Honor and respect - all specialists,
Let the sky be peaceful, let him be clean!

In the world of complex modern technologies
Eating VKS - After all, the twenty-first century!
Yes, technology newest high-precision,
But the technique today is managing a person.

To discover the opponent's aircraft,
And give reliably information -
Technical exploration posts work,
Station tracking, radar.

Congratulations: 28 in verse, 5 In prose.

"Two soldiers from Stroybat replace the excavator. And one of the Airborne Forces will be replaced doubly. And one of the air defense replaces anyone "(the wisdom of an unknown philosopher from air defense troops).

Every second resurrection of April was specially noted in all parts of the country's radiotechnical troops. For. Why was the second Sunday of April to be given for this day? And the jester knows him. I do not know.

On this day, soldiers and officers dressed in the front of the clothes. True, it was only in the text in which I started my heroic path in the troops of the anti-air defense. In combat units in the parades did not go for the absence of these. This, by the way, was very surprising. Since the parade is assumed to each soldier. But somehow it turned out that the parakes were always disappeared and evaporated and only grandfathers had it, carefully protecting them from evil views, hiding in distant whims and carefully sowing their haunins and other rubbing waiting for demob.

In RTV, I fell in accurately according to my civil specialty, which would have to get at the institute if he graduated. But since it was difficult to finish the institute in one year of study, and the second year of studying the Ministry of Defense to provide me categorically refused, I loss. For passage. And I went to school to obtain a specialty "ACS operator". No much nor little.

Generally speaking, if I really managed to serve this specialty, it would be quite interesting. For to serve in theory, I would have to be in the "computer office", part of the PVT battalion control complex. In this cockpit really was a computer. Rather, even two are one backup. The truth looked at all exactly what a homely personal computer looks like. EUM in my cabin was made up several metal cabinets with colored light bulbs and buttons. In the combat part, demob colored light bulbs were unscrewed to use them in the manufacture of the model of the take-off fighter-interceptor. The fighter took off from a piece of runway made of transparent plexiglas. And the light bulbs went on both sides of the band, as at the present airfield. In general, beautiful. But disrupted the defense capability of the state, because without these light bulbs (or rather, their color transparent caps), it was difficult to determine what happens to the computer. As a result, Cobmat once dreamed of a statement that if all the bulbs are not in their places, no one will leave for demobel. It was happing.

By the way, about light bulbs. Have you ever seen the night work of the airfield on which the fighters-interceptors are based? This, I miss you, very beautiful. In the afternoon, this airfield is a rather dull picture of a combination of a concrete strip, next to which half-chapped hangars cost and all this is surrounded by several rows of spines. But at night ... At night, it's all burning with multi-colored lights, and the interceptors themselves, then take off, then chasing the lane, are pretty a futuristic picture. One poured, shorter.

But there was one quarrel. In the Chita radio brigade, in which I got on the distribution for anti-Soviet activities, the ACS was not used. The battalion complex itself was, but it would say that it was rather for the pro forma. And all the work went across the old man. That is, the complex turned on every morning, and in the evening it turned off. And no one's battle duty on it. He was, so to speak, for the reserve. Only sometimes, on combat alarms, all officers were resorted, sat down for Arm and did a view. Martial alarms, however, it was not so little. Since nearby - on the other side of the Soviet-Chinese border - the Chinese Military Airfield of the Cizzicar was located. And as soon as there is something taken away, we have immediately prevented combat alarms. To the honor of the Chinese, they flew not very often, otherwise it would be possible to hang. For battle alarm is not a training. Everything is true there.

Since the RT-battalion combat control complex, in fact, in our battalion there was no useful function, the ACS operators in the battalion were not so much needed. But in the battalion there was a sharp deficit on the tabletists, radio workers and encoders. The tabletist did not try me, because in our battalion it was something like a family contract of Uzbeks. It was too late for a radioist me, since a radio ladder should be trained for several months. The specialty of the encoder remained. The encoder in the PTV air defense did not have any relation to programming. The encoder on the KP is such a soldier who is sitting next to the officer's duty officer and on a special secret stiffer notebook decrypts or encrypts all the information that passes through the duty. For example, a report on changing the course of the aircraft was sent from the subordinate company. This message comes in the form of a speaker digit. Which receives a radio lane, writes on a piece of paper and brings the encoder on triys. The encoder must take the cipher-notepad and when it is assised this sequence of numbers to decrypt to meaningful text. Who already goes to the officer.

On the one hand, the work is not a bay lying. On the other hand, sitting the whole day with an officer's duty officer, staring stupidly, as the plates are moving in front of you, noting the aircraft courses on transparent tablets, somehow not very. Being an ACS operator and sit in a cabin-covered computers of the computer as rarely and more pleasant.

By the way, on combat prescription in this very battalion management system, three calculations were provided. In case of application of the OMP. That is, threw the opponent nuclear bomb - Everything is decided everything is deadly. But this is not the reason why the work of the PPTs must stop. For interference from the explosion pass much faster than the deadly dose of radiation is reduced. Therefore, the first calculation will take care of duty. Valzlyo fights due time, because the radiation dies. After that, the second calculation will take. Well, by the time of work of the third calculation, it seems, the dose of irradiation should already decrease to an acceptable level to die already six months old. Everything is thought out, in short.

In general, in the PTV air defense everything is thought out to the smallest detail. For example, despite the modern types of rangefinders and altimeters, on combat prescription in the event of a combat alarm, a special soldier was distinguished for the post of audiovisual observation. The soldier was issued biting. His task was - to engage in the sky binoculars and listen to the ears of sounds. And report. Well, type, I saw or heard a plane - perm. Very wise. For the valiant soldiers for the "glasses" (the emphasis on the first o) can and penetrate. Probably this regular position in the event of a combat alarm remained since the time of World War II. And since no one canceled it, then such an observer was properly exhibited.

Olderizing loved to joke over a young replenishment. It is always everywhere. In the canteens, the experienced cooks make replenishment from the Cabinarian technical school to blow pasta, old sea wolves require that salads be cleaned with sting the anchors, well, and in the RTV, the air defense of young fighters sent interference. Like this? Well, it means you need to run in front of the locator and mop or broom planted on a stick, "overclock the interference" from the capturing antenna. Cute such joke. Especially if you consider that the emitter near is not the most useful thing for the body of the thing.

Well, of course, the Civil Dealerships of the country in general and their component - along with border guards, raquelings and submariners carried in peacefully the battle duty. What imposed. However, it did not bother. For example, during my service, one of our battalions did not make an-24, which the villain of the second pilot hijacked to China. For what he hijacked him there - a mystery. For the Chinese put the villain in their Chinese prison. Well, the personal composition of the company and battalion fucked in all the cracks. This is true, no longer the Chinese, but our command. You ask: how can you sleep the plane, the slightest change in the trajectory of the movement of which can be seen on the screen of the radar? I will try to explain. The scheme is not detailed, but the approximate representation gives.

As I said, in our brigade, they worked according to the scheme developed by Tsar Pea. This scheme provides the following. A somewhere in the wilderness on the artificial elevation is the locator (RLS). Nearby, on exactly the same elevation is the altimeter. These two devices provide information on the exact position of any purpose in the three-dimensional world. Locator gives x-y coordinates, altimeter - z (target height). Information about this is issued on special round (or rectangular) screens - "Points". Soldiers who are sitting behind them, the coordinates are removed on the grid. While everything is wonderful.

Next, these coordinates must be transferred to a higher point - on the KP battalion. This was usually done on the so-called. Radio relay communication channels or, simply, with the help of a radio. Rasteter company transferred a target coordinate radio. The radio operator accepted the coordinates and (with the help of the encoder) reported by their duty on the KP. The duty battalion passed these coordinates to the Battalion of SPR, in the IA and to the higher KP (brigade). Scheme beautiful. If something has donated somewhere, then during a very short time it should be known to the zenithics, and interceptors, and the superior command - the command of the air defense body. This command should already decide what to do next - shoot down the goal, intercept or just follow it. Everything is wonderful.

But here is the question: what if, any radioist will not give the coordinates that are real, and some others? In this case, in some section of the chain there will arise a false idea of \u200b\u200bwhere the goal is currently. Question: How much is this way to transmit false coordinates if it is not a saboteur or spy? I will try to answer this question.

Here imagine the RTV battalion. Who served B. ground forcesThat, under the word "battalion" understands the crowd of the people, something there is a person in half a person. In the text, by the way, in which I studied the first six months of service, the training battalion was just such a crowd. Those with great amazement I learned that the real battalion of the RTV is a few dozen people. And the company, she is "point" - this is not a dozen man and a couple of officers. These are realities. For incomprehensible reasons, Children's shepherds and the like romantic nature, which speak Russian, are also talking to the like romantic nature, which are in Russian, and in the subtleties of radar and radaries, to understand categorically refuses, preferring to carry a watch in the kitchen and pigbirds. The people are always lacking. And carry combat duty on the clock.

Now put yourself at the place of the battalion commander, which at the command paragraph requires at least three radar (one by one for communication with each "point"), and in the radio traist battalion there are five people. On the battle duty they stand for a day. And to sleep, generally speaking, at this time it is difficult, except for a few hours at night (alternately). What to do? And nothing here will do, except for installing radists (and, however, and tabletists with encoders), not for a day, but practically incommensuate. This may seem like absurd. Well, how can I get a person for a whole month to sleep no more than 2-3 hours a day? But the realities are such that it turns out, it is possible. Radines of our battalion could sleep in any position. It was a more funful to look at them during idiocy, called the "Komsomol Collection". Just half an hour of free time, and radists only sat down - already sleep. They were put - they leaned against the wall and sleep again.

Well, now put yourself in place of a radar carrying combat duty. What do you think constantly? About protecting the frontiers of hot beloved homeland? Haha and Hee. You only think about how to eat at least 15 minutes of sleep for at least 15 minutes. Constantly. Only about a dream and no more about anything. Day to carve out the extra minutes of sleep is unreal in principle - too stressful air furnishings. But at night, the voltage falls, the air is cleaned. You can even sleep a little. But there is an ambush - night civil rices. That is, it seems anyway the radioist should not sleep and sit in the headphones, expecting, suddenly information will come from the company about changing the aircraft. And if you think well?

And if you think well, it turns out that one and the same flight always passes through the same points at the same time. Therefore, if at some night an hour, besides this flight, in the area of \u200b\u200bresponsibility does not fly, it is possible, in principle, not to expect information from the company, but simply, without listening to the ether, at the same time brings the same time to the same time The coordinates as the day before. And after all, no one will know anything anyway, for, according to the idea, the coordinates transmitted from the company coordinate with the fact that the duty just attached. And between these dots you can sleep extra expensive minutes.

Well, if the plane dismissed from the course? A radist for a while still carries the coordinates of the standard course, and the plane has already been tuached to the Chinese border.

It is clear that it still detects it relatively quickly. Just to lose the airplane is impossible. But while there are upstairs there, why this suddenly the plane made an inconceivable jump in space and turned out to be at all where the decision was expected until they decide while the interceptors were raised - this is all the time the plane flies and flies to the border. And then he already turns out so close to the border, that already and the interceptors do not really have time to do, except to bring down. But how to knock down your civil plane? Yes, even near the border itself - what if he falls on the other side? By the way, when An-24 has already flew to China, then the local services behaved in such a way that it seems to me that the Chinese air defense was even more courageous in terms of serving service than our.

In general, here is approximately under such circumstances. December 19, 1985, the An-24 aircraft of the Yakutian civil aviation department, onboard number 42845, which made the flight 101/435 on the route Yakutsk-Tahtamagda-Chita-Irkutsk flew to China.

Of course, there is a strong version of the investigation and subsequent "journalistic investigations". This version of all suits. Mol, the An-24 commander immediately reported to the land that the second pilot of the order to change the course was immediately reacted immediately, and then, they say, when An-24 was already in China, ours were played with him, and Chinese pvoshniki with him So that the aircraft spent all the fuel and collapsed, the burrs under the remains of the "terrible secret" of the hijacking. All the USSR was interested in this, and China. I did not have to hear more idiotic version. However, there are a lot of those who believe in such a story. Well, I, actually, without any difference. I told this story as it is, as His fighters of the Valiant Chita Brigade of the RTV PVA, who in December 1985 and was responsible for this flight. But it is clear that what was known to every soldier and officer of our brigade, was categorically not satisfied with the authorities. For in the case of the publication of the real facts of the valiant protection of air borders, many important people in the caps would lose their posts. So that…

However, the grandfather of the sorcerer (as we called the commander of the air defense) it was not much saved. In just a year and a half after the hijacking An-24, he said as a post due to the incident with Matthias Rusta flight.

In general, of course, about the valiant PTV air defense, you can buy a lot of things. And good and bad. But in general - I personally do not regret what served in these troops in general and in their Zabaykalsky, so to speak, in particular. So everyone who served in the PTV of the air defense is congratulated. After all, Eryryn-Matrön, nevertheless, they were not protected homeland. Maybe sometimes it was curved. But we are from all soul.

1. A brief history of the creation and formation of radio engineering troops
Prerequisites for the formation of a system of observation of the chain and identification of the waters in the Russian army (1913-1914)
In 1913 in Russia, when organizing air defense, the Russian aircraft designer A.A. Porokhovshchikov was proposed to create a special network observation posts With the purpose of or-genized input into battle of the air fleet forces along with the existing field and serf artillery. To do this, along the southern coast of the Finnish Bay on the line of St. Petersburg - Riga was asked to create a network of so-called "air stations", placing them in two lines: one - Petersburg - Window, the other - Petersburg - Suwalki. The purpose of these stations was to monitor the appearance of aircraft in the station's responsibility zone, the size of which was determined by the range of airspace with the help of optical instruments, allocate other people among them and report the fact of their flight and its direction to interested commander. Also expressed the idea of \u200b\u200bthe possibility of assisting its pilots in finding the violators of airspace.
It was nothing but a proposal about the organization of air surveillance services in Russia appeared slightly later. At that time, the foundations of the combat use of future divisions and parts of the deposit and radio engineering troops originated.
Thus, the estimated stations were to be removed to a distance of up to 150 versts one from the other, equipped with a terrestrial connection with the means and transported. Guidelines for the fight against aerial reconnaissance defines a personal composition specifically allocated to monitor the appearance of aircraft and airshole counter in parts and divisions.
Observation in combat conditions should be carried out everywhere and continuously, regardless of weather and time of day. Having found an air object, the observer was supposed to notify the command and the entire personnel composition about it.
The alert procedure was developed in parts, for it, the available means of alarm were used. Serve the alarm was supposed to be the first observer, detecting a air scout.
Due to the fact that from January 1, 1913, the law on the sovereignty of airspace came into force Russian Empire, there was an objective need to apply the sign of state affiliation to aircraft.
To refer to the state affiliation and identification of aeronautical shells and airplanes of Russia on the eve of the First World War, the Military Council approved the instruction, in accordance with which concentric circles from the colors of the State Flag of Russia were applied on the rugs on the rugs of the fuselage or gondolas. , blue and red. These designations were used by observers to identify their aircraft.
Beginning of the establishment of structural units of air defense observation and alerts for the air situation (1914-1918)
In the fall of 1914, the air defense of Petrograd and the imperial residence in the royal village, special attention was paid to special attention to the posts of observation of the chain, which were formed in parts and units of the 6th Army, in accordance with the "instruction on aeronautics", enacted by the order of the Commander-in-Chief of the army.
Far air surveillance posts were located along the western border of Finland and on the shore of the Baltic Sea Balance. The task of detecting an air enemy on the territory of Finland and alerts about it, the headquarters of the air defense of Petrograd placed on the border guard.
The near line of air surveillance was deployed on the basis of an artillery fortified area around the Russian capital and on the ships of the Baltic Fleet.
To establish the speed of communication between the posts of air surveillance, ensuring the possibility of immediate transmission of reports from them to Petrograd, the head of the air defense of Petrograd was imputed to the duty - to organize direct communication of posts and the central point elected, as well as the connection between the central point and artillery, airplanes and teams and teams appointed to reflect the enemy's air attack.
On May 12, 1915, the Commander-in-Chief of the 6th Army issued a special instruction number 1 "Posts from the lower ranks for observing the sky." It has been identified: the composition of the formed posts; observation areas; Official duties of the lower ranks of posts; The procedure for carrying combat duty and alerts in the case of an enemy aeronautic aeronautics in the sky.
For the first time, the term "air" was introduced for the operationalization of information about the air opponent in line with the instruction, which is currently used during combat duty of the division of anti-air defense.
At the posts of observation of the safety instruction, special work logs were introduced, which became a prototype of modern magazines for combat duty.
The orders of the 27th Army Corps of January 23, 1915 No. 13 was organized by the air defense of the city of Warsaw. To combat the opponent's air fleet were
aviation detachments have been formed. General leadership of which was entrusted to the 2nd aviation company of Lieutenant Colonel Geeko. At the same time, the Fighter Aviation Detachment of Senior Lieutenant N.A. was attended by the first in the Russian ARMIA Yatsuk. For timely alerts of air defense parts, a network of observation posts was established, the interaction with the anti-airplane artillery of the Warsaw Fortress, which was at the disposal of the head of the Warsaw Create Artillery of the Spliver P.N. Rodzkova.
In the period 1915-1917 for the organization of air defense of large military-lithuanic, administrative centers of the country: Mogilev, Dvinsk, Minsk, Pskov, Odessa, Nikolaev, etc. The structure of air recruitment and alerts included in an integral part to organize defense from the air attack of German and Austro-Hungarian aviation. So, in 1917, around 60 observational posts, turns in the company's observers and staffed by personnel officers and soldiers, were already charged around Petro-Grand and Odessa. In the Fair, around Petrograd, the number of such posts increased to 83. For the reception of reports from posts, 15 telegraph and telegraph stations were created around the Russian capitol.
On March 20, 1917, the order of the headquarters of the Supreme Commander No. 370 op-redlinked the creation of air defense within the borders of the Odessa Military District. The air defense of the district was headed by General-Major The Apiedors.
The state and regulation on the headquarters of the Odessa Military District are introduced by the same order. The headquarters of the air defense was found to be Captain Pokrovsky (Corridir Bashelon Defense). The head of the air is observed: ... parts of artillery, bulletproof and aviation for defense from airborne attack ... Observers were formed by two observers. For nights, there were 4 projector teams. The lug-telephone team provided the connection of the hour of nearby defense and headquarters of the district.
By September 1917, air defense services were forming in Petrograd and Odessa Military District, uniting all had the forces and air defense tools, in the number of organizationally formed service for air.
The leadership of the Age Defense Service was carried out by commander of military districts through the heads of air defense, which were obeyed by all parts of fighter aviation, unicacked artillery, air surveys.
The general leadership of the air defense services was carried out by the Supreme Commander-in-Chief (through the General-Starmaster and Duty General Services).
Heads of air defense headquarters of Petrograd and the Odessa Military District simultaneously were the teams of aerial observer battalions. The permanent combat readiness of the airfighter parts was maintained by daily appointment in all fighter aircraft stages and unshakable battles of duty parts and permanent activities of observation posts.
Thus, the observation service of the chain has received its birth and development during the First World War and has entered an integral part of the formed air defense systems of important military-political, administrative centers, military districts, groups of troops and the forces of the fleet of Russia.
The main stages of the development of the observation system, alerts and communications in the Red (Soviet) army (1918-1945)
IN further development Surveillance systems and alerts in the composition of domestic air defense can be divided into the following steps:
First stage (1918-1925) Formation of the observation service and alerts only around the most important military-political and administrative centers of the country during the immediate danger of the opponent's air attack.
Despite the change in the political situation in the country related to the October events and replacing state power and building in Russia, in Petrograd continued to function the headquarters of air defense under the leadership of Major General V.G.Bormann (Head of Air Defense 1914-1918) and headquarters -Capan P.D.Vittseva (Chief of Staff 1917-1918). To ensure reliable cover of the capital of the state and the timely alerts on the possible enemy aviation income around Petrograd continued to perform a combat challenge of observation posts for the chain. This is also said that the distribution of forces and means of air defense of Petrograd, the organization of alerts on the emergence of the air enemy carried out the revolutionary committee on the defense of Petrograd city under the direction of N.I. Zipovsky, in charge of which was the headquarters of air defense.
In April 1918, in connection with the movement of the Soviet government to Moscow, the air defense of the city of Moscow is formed in the Order of the Military Head of the Moscow District No. 1 of April 25, 1918. On the bases to the city, the signal points are deployed - air surveillance posts.
In July of the same year, with a newly formed management of the head of the formation of anti-aircraft batteries, the junior committee was launched for anti-aircraft batteries and specialists, incl. Observations of telephone operators for air defense.
In the period of February - May 1919, orders for the operational part were determined by the location of observational watches behind the sky in Sestroretsk, Dibun, Machines, Toksovo, Osinovka, Oranienbaum, Strelna. In October - November of the same year, the instructions on the duty officer of the boss, observational wops were developed and enacted.
On September 1, 1922, in accordance with the order of the Revoensive Council of the Republic, the provisions and staff of the educational electrical battalion, the states of a separate searchlight company and a separate electron station (peacetime) were introduced.
The second stage (1926 -1932) formation in the border zone and around the main economic and administrative centers of the country of the permanent network of visual observation posts, complete mainly at the expense of the local police forces.
On June 30, 1927, the Order of the USSR Revolutionary Council was put into effect by the service of air connection and observation posts. Posts were created in parts (subdivisions) of provisions of corpses, dyspesis, regiments, in parts of the age-chemical defense and airframes of military air
forces. Posts submitted in all respects headquarters of all levels of management.
On January 31, 1928, the USSR Revoensive Council decided to legitimize the term "counter-sophisticated defense" and "Harmonized Surveillance Service, alerts and communication (VOS)." These terms have found the application of the fundamental documents on the organization of the country's air defense system, approved by the People's Commissar on the military and maritime cases, namely in the Conference of the Union of SSR (peacetime) and the first time limit on the United States of the USSR (for wartime) .
On July 11, 1928, the decision of the Regulatory Meeting of the Council of Labor and the revision was approved for the first time the renovation of the most important items to be contradicted (only 48), the deployment of the Department of Civil Drugs is determined.
On January 28, 1930, the USSR revisions discussed the issue of the air-friendly intention plan and recognized the need to unite anti-aircraft gunners, machine guns, searchlights, airplane, chemical and observing parts of the air defense of the rear in divisions, shelves, brie gadys and air defense divisions .
On December 11, 1930, measures for the enhancement of anti-aircraft agents, test aviation, deployment of service posts on the defense of the service posts on the defense of the objects of the objects, determined the advanced defense of the USSR "On the air defense of the current army and objects of Military Air defense.
On February 7, 1931, a joint directive of the headquarters of the Red Army and the Chief Department of Militia on the creation of the Main and Nasivatory Posts of the VOS is published. Directors of the deployment of the main posts (GP) and the number of wizard posts (NP) on the regions (edges) and autonomous republics were determined by regions (edges) and autonomy republics.
The third stage (1932-1938) is transferred to all the functions of the deposit specially created in the war-funeral troops by military units. During this period, the first radar means of detecting air targets are created.
On April 11, 1932, the results of the USSR RevVäniscovets No. 0019 was put into effect on parts of the parts of the country's territory.
In June 1933, the Commissar of the Defense of the USSR K.E. Voroschilov was presented to the report of the designer engineer P.K.Obepkov, with the presentation of the idea of \u200b\u200busing radio waves for the visibility of aircraft and the principles of use of radio operating instruments in the air defense system.
In January 1934, a group of employees of the Central Laboratory headed led by Yu.K. Co-ryovine conducted the first experiment on the detection of an air target with radio waves. Radio signals reflected from the aircraft were recorded on a distance of 70 kilometers. On January 14, 1934, a special meeting was held at the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, approved by the idea of \u200b\u200bRa-diolocation.
On July 10-11, 1934, the first in the world practice of the Raduid aircraft of the Rapid aircraft (manufactured by the Leningrad Electrophires Institute, on the Leningrad Electrophic Institution, on the RPC Air Defense Department), could be detected self-tape on rascape up to 3 km. On October 22, 1934, an agreement was concluded with the Industry on the manufacture of six such detection stations. The tested equipment served as a prototype for the development of the first rhubarization system of the jewelry (RUS-1).
July 11, 1934 - the birthday of the domestic radiolocation technology for the introduction.
On June 20, 1937, the NKO Directive of the USSR No. 34990ss on the territory of the country is established for the air defense of the border strip and specially protected zones. The entire introduction service, for the IS-key of the air defense points, was subordinate to the commander of the Air Force of Military Districts.
Fourth stage (1938 - June 1941). The period of comprehensive strengthening of troops is the introduction of their combat readiness to the level that meets the requirements of the Second World War, the period of the first intention of the new radar techniques, the period of forming the first radar units.
Research and experimental work in the field of radar allowed the Soviet scientist by 1938 to create the world's first radio station "Rus-1" (Radio-catcher of aircraft - the first), which received combat baptism in the war with Finland in 1939-1940 years. In the fall of 1939, a more perfect station "Rus-2" was created (cipher "Reduce"), adopted in July 1940 and widely used during the Great Petchiest War to find the opponent's aircraft and the guidance of Soviet fighters on them.
On December 4, 1938, the Resolution of the Chief Military Council of the Red Army No. 10200SS was determined by the submission of the Department of the Department of the Office of the Air Defense of the Red Army, and in the Military District-assistants of the Commander of Air Defense.
On October 7, 1940, the decision of the USSR SCSR "On the Air Defense of the SS cp" was published, which determined the change in the leadership of the local air defense. The Tom of Defense of the USSR remained the functions of the leadership and organization of the Association Observation Service, the aircraft defense of the territory and air defense points, the fight against the air opponent.
On January 25, 1941, Decree of the USSR No. 198-97SS "On the organization of prosecutive defense" was published. The air defense system was envisaged in the area of \u200b\u200b1200 km from the State Government threatened over the airborne nap. In accordance with this Decree on February 14, an approaches of NPO USSR No. 0015 issued "On the separation of the territory of the USSR country to zone, paradise and air defense points". The order determined to form in the border and some internal military districts of the air defense zone (only 13), incl. As part of parts and divisions VINOS.
Fifth stage (June 1941 - September 1945). Active use of troops Action in hostilities, ensuring the combat work of fire facilities air defense, organization of ground defense. A sharp quantitative growth of troops and their high-quality improvement.
By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War (as of June 21, 1941), the emergencies of the country as part of 13 air defense zones included, including 6 regiments, 35 separate battalions and 5 separate issues.
In the period on September 21 to 23, 1941, for the first time in the history of wars, with the help of the first focusing radar (Rus -2) and subsequent actions of the pre-corporate aviation, zenith artillery and other means of air defense of Leningrad and the Baltic fleet, a plan for Germany to destroy the German Fleet of the USSR in the Finnish bay by conducting a three-day waters of its military-air forces. The raids of enemy sibols were reflected by the forces of fighter aircraft, zealitative batteries and shine anti-aircraft artillery. During the air operations of the enemy Air Force, 12 massive raids were undertaken and several small groups of minor groups with a total of up to 500 bubber aircraft.
All the raids were opened by the calculations of the radar of the 72rd orb deposit. Action of destroyers of the 7th Aviakorpus air defense, Air Force Leningrad Front And the aviation of the Baltic Fleet, the fire of the anti-aircraft AR-TILLERIRIA 25 of the enemy aircraft was destroyed, a large number of damaged, the intention against the destruction of the ships of the Baltic fleet and the suppression of the sea base Kronstadt was rugged.
On May 21, 1943, in accordance with the Order of the NKO USSR No. 0087 on the reorganization of the management of the airfranch defense system for the first time in the Moscow FRONT, divisions were formed (on the basis of the corresponding air defense front regiments). Such formations were carried out in the troops of the country's progressive defense of the country.
Radiotechnical air defense troops (1952-1954-1998)
Sixth Stage (September 1945, 1952-1954). The fundamental re-equipment of troops is a new, including radar equipment, improving their organizational structure and comprehensive preparations for the creation of a new kind of troops - the radiotechnical military air defense troops. This period was marked by the final transition from the troops to the creation of a new kind of civil defense forces of the country.
On April 15, 1946, as part of the headquarters of the military air defense system, the head of the head of the country's air defense troops was created.
On July 10, 1946, the Council of Ministers of the USSR adopted a deployment of "radar issues", which determined the work on the development of radiolochetics as the most important state-of-state task.
On August 27, 1947, the head of the military air defense service of the country as part of the headquarters of the country's air defense system was reformed into the Office of the Head of Troops.
On December 15, 1951, the post office of the USSR to the Military Ministry setting the tasks: to create a reliable detection service, alert and guidance, for which a single radar system is organized. The direct responsibility for the initiation and destruction of the opponent's aviation in areas (printed, seaside, dealerships) was assigned to the co-mandids of the regions.
On January 15, 1952, the Directive of the USSR Military Minister was signed, which determined measures to fulfill the decision of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of December 15, 1951: to create an external detection and guidance band in the countries of people's democracy; On the creation of a trick-like lane of detection and guidance along the state-boundary of the USSR, as well as the bands in the regions of the country's air defense regions. All terrestrial radar means of detection and guidance, found in parts and compounds of fighter aviation, were combined with the means of the deposit and the radio engineering troops (RTV) introduced on this base.
June 30, 1954 - introduced the position of head of radio technical troops. This date completed the creation of radio engineering troops (RTV) as a kind of air defense troops.
By the end of 1954, visual observation posts, which had taken in the states of parts, along the state border were replaced by radioactive subsection.
Seventh Stage (1954 - February 1998). Development and improvement of the radiotechnical troops of the country's air defense.
On March 17, 1956, the decision of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the SM of the USSR approved the plan for the development and organizational restructuring of the existing radar system of the country's air defense system, the developing headquarters of the country air defense system.
On April 17, 1956, the Minister of Defense of the USSR approved the organization of the Central Ap-Parata of the Civil Air Force. An introduced post of head of the radiotechnical troops of the country's air defense system was introduced.
On January 14, 1994, a decree of the President of the Russian Federation on the creation of a federal exploration and control of air space (FSR and PCP) was issued. It provided for the combination of radar systems and means of air defense troops, the Air Transport Department, the Air Force and the Navy through the Automaticization system. The leadership of the Ferral System of Intelligence and Kon-Trol of Aerification was assigned to the head of the air defense with air defense systems through co-mandids of air defense.
Radio Military Air Force Troops (from 1998 to the present)
The eighth stage (from March 1998). The development and improvement of the federal intelligence system and control of airspace as part of a new type of armed forces of the Russian Federation - air force.
On July 16, 1997, the President of the Russian Federation signed a decree "On priority measures to reform the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and improving their structure" (commissioned by order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation of August 3, 1997), which determined the creation of - Ze of the existing air defense troops and the Air Force of the Russian Federation of the Russian Federation - the Air Force.
On March 1, 1998, in accordance with the decree of the President of the Russian Federation of the Year in the State Department of the Communion Air Force (in N / B - the main command of the Air Force), the management of the head of the federal exploration system, use and Control of airless space (FSricVP) of military-air forces. In the fall of 1999, it is renamed the management of the initial air force radiotechnical troops.

During the Great Patriotic War, the personnel showed the courage, courage, high combat skills.

In the postwar years, the necessity and importance of information on the air opponent, the beginning of its possible attack, control and preventing intelligence activities in the country's airspace constantly increased. In this regard, on December 15, 1951, a resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR "On the establishment of an early detection service of the aircraft aircraft" was published. From this day, the Radio Engineering Forces (RTV) is starting to count.

An excellent professional learning specialists of the RTV demonstrated in front of the whole world on May 1, 1960 during the detection, capture on the wiring and destruction of the American exploy aircraft "Lockhid" U-2.

The radiotechnical troops of the Air Force have a rich history of ensuring the landing of domestic spacecraft, including the landing of the first cosmonaut of the Earth - Yuri Gagarin, the Soviet spacecraft of the reusable use "Buran".

The RTV servicemen carried out international duty in China and North Korea, Vietnam and Egypt, Syria and Angola, in Cuba and in Afghanistan, in a number of other countries.

Today, radiotechnical troops are the native of the air-space forces (VKS). They lead radar intelligence and provide radar information combat calculations of higher teams and team points of compounds, military units and units, anti-aircraft missile troops and electronic combat.

The RTV VKS consists of radiotechnical regiments, which are organizationally part of the aircraft and missile defense forces, air defense compounds of military districts.

In peacetime, all the deployed units and command points of the compounds and parts of radio engineering troops carry combat duty on anti-air defense, perform the tasks of protecting the state border in airspace.

The focus of troops with the new radio electronic technique is given to raising the maneuverable possibilities of units, their ability to issue combat operational information in a new positional area as soon as possible.

By 2020, it is planned to conduct a general re-equipment of radio engineering troops on modern and promising mobile samples with a distance of detection to 1.2 thousand km and at altitudes up to 600 km. At the same time, the number of types of radar means of radiolocation for radio engineering troops will be reduced several times. Common equipment with new samples of radiotechnical troops will be more than 70 percent.