Publications of the architecture section

Where Romanovs lived

Mona Imperial, Marble, Nikolaevsky, Anichkov - We go for a walk through the Central Streets of St. Petersburg and remember the palaces in which representatives of the royal family lived.

Palace embankment, 26

Let's start walking with the Palace Embankment. A few hundred meters east of the Winter Palace is the Palace of Grand Prince Vladimir Alexandrovich, Alexander II Son. Previously, the building of 1870 the construction was called "Small imperial dvor" Almost primarily preserved all the interiors, resembling one of the main centers of the secular life of St. Petersburg of the late XIX century. Once the walls of the palace decorated many famous pictures: for example, on the wall of the former billiard room hung "Burlaki on the Volga" of the work of Ilya Repin. In the doors and panels, monograms were preserved with the letter "B" - "Vladimir".

In 1920, the palace became the house of scientists, and today the building is located one of the main scientific centers cities. Palace is open for tourists.

Palace embankment, 18

A little further on the Palace Embankment you can see the majestic gray Novo-Mikhailovsky Palace. He was erected in 1862 the famous architect Andrei Potakhenshneider for the wedding of the son of Nicholas I - the Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolayevich. The new palace, for the restructuring of which neighboring houses were redeemed, the styles of Baroque and Rococo, the elements of the Renaissance and architecture of the Times of Louis XIV were imagined. Before the October Revolution on the top floor of the main facade was the church.

Today in the Palace there are institutions of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Millionnaya Street, 5/1

Even further on the embankment there is a marble palace, the generic nest of Konstantinovich - the son of Nicholas I, Constantine, and his descendants. It was built in 1785 by the Italian architect Antonio Rinaldi. The palace became the first building in St. Petersburg, which was faced with natural stone. At the turn of the XIX and XX century here with the family lived grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich, known for his poetic works, in the pre-revolutionary years - his eldest son John. The second son - Gabriel - in emigrations wrote memories "In the Marmara Palace".

In 1992, the building was transferred to the Russian Museum.

Admiralty Embankment, 8

Palace Mikhail Mikhailovich. Architect Maximilian Mesmarsman. 1885-1891. Photo: Valentina Kachalova / PHOTOBANK "Lori"

Not far from the Winter Palace on Admiralty Embankment You can see the building in the style of non-hereniss. Once it belonged to the Grand Duke Mikhail Mikhailovich, the grandchildren of Nikolai I. It began to build him, when the Grand Duke decided to marry - his chosen was the granddaughter of Alexander Pushkin Sophia Menberg. The emperor Alexander III did not give consent to the marriage, and the marriage was recognized by Morganotic: Mikhail Mikhailovich's wife did not become a member of the imperial name. The Grand Duke was forced to leave the country, never lived in the new palace.

Today, the palace is leased to financial companies.

Labor area, 4

If from the Palace of Mikhail Mikhailovich to reach Blagoveshchensky Bridge And to turn left, on the work of the work in front of us will appear for another brainchild of the driver of the Shockenshneera - the Nikolaev palace. In it until 1894 lived the son of Nikolai I - Nikolai Nikolaevich Senior. During his life, a house church was also located in the building, all those who wanted everyone to serve. In 1895, after the death of the owner, the Women's Institute of the Great Princess Ksenigin, Sister Nicholas II, was opened in the palace. Girls taught the professions of accountant, housekeepers, seamstones.

Today in the building known in the USSR as a palace of labor, excursions, lectures and folk concerts are held.

English embankment, 68

Let's go back to the embankment and go to the West. Halfway to the New Admiralty Canal is located the palace of Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich, Alexander II Son. In 1887, he bought it at the daughter of the late Baron of Stiglitz - a famous banker and a patron, whose name wears the artistic and industrial academy. The Grand Duke lived in the palace until his death - he was shot in 1918.

Paul Paul Alexandrovich was empty for a long time. In 2011, the building was transferred to St. Petersburg University.

Embankment of the river washing, 106

On the right side of the sink river, opposite the island of New Holland, there is a palace of the Grand Prince Xenia Aleksandrovna. She was married to the founder of the Russian Military Air Fleet Great Prince Alexander Mikhailovich, the grandson of Nicholas I. The Palace was presented to the wedding - in 1894. During the First World War great Princess He opened the hospital here.

Today at the Palace is the Academy physical culture LESGAFTA name.

Nevsky Prospekt, 39

We go to the Nevsky Prospect and move in the direction of the Fontanka River. Here, the embankment is located Anichkov Palace. He was named as followed by an anichkov bridge in honor of the vintage clan of the pillars of Anickovoy. The palace, erected by Elizabeth Petrovna, is the oldest building on Nevsky Prospect. In its construction, architects Mikhail Zemtsov and Bartolomeo Rastrelli participated. Later, Empress Catherine II gave the building to Gregory Potemkin. On behalf of the new owner, the architect Jacomo Kurengy gave Anichkov's more rigorous, close to the modern appearance.

Starting from Nicholas I, in the palace there were predominantly thrust overlapers. When Alexander II climbed to the throne, the widow of Nicholas I, Alexander Fedorovna, lived. After the death of Emperor Alexander III, the entered Empress Maria Fedorovna was settled in Anichkov Palace. Nikolai II grew here. He did not like the winter and most of the time, already being the emperor, spent in Anichkov Palace.

Today it is located the palace of young creativity. The building is also open to visiting tourists.

Nevsky Prospekt, 41

On the other side of the Fontanka is the Palace of Beloselsky-Belozerski - the latter built in Nevsky in the XIX century a private house and one more brainchildry of the driver. IN late XIX. A century bought him a great prince Sergey Aleksandrovich, and in 1911 the palace moved to his nephew - the Great Prince Dmitry Pavlovich. That in 1917, while in the link for participation in the murder of Grigory Rasputin, the palace sold. And later I emigrated and took money from the sale of the palace abroad, so long ago, I lived sneakly.

Since 2003, the building belongs to the Office of the President of the Russian Federation, there are concerts and creative evenings in it. On some days there are excursions through the halls of the palace.

Petrovskaya embankment, 2

And walking near the house of Peter on the Petrovskaya embankment, you need to not miss the white majestic building in the style of neoclassicism. This is the Palace of the grandson of Nikolai I, Nikolai Nikolayevich younger, the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of all land and marine forces Russian Empire In the first years of World War II. Today in the palace, which has become the last grand permanent structure until 1917, is a representative office of the president. Russian Federation In the North-West Federal District.

The Novo-Mikhailovsky Palace was intended for a young family - the Grand Duke Mikhail and his spouses, Princess Olga Fedorovna. Under construction, several sites were purchased on the Neva Embankment, next to the Petropavlovsk fortress. Famous architect A. Perektenshneder developed a project of an eclectic style.

In 1857, the Bookmark of the First Stone of the Novo-Mikhailovsky Palace took place. Builders were used in the construction of a metal rafter building - a unique technology for those times.

The front facade of Shockenshneer decorated with balustrades, stucco, vases and statues of the Caryatide of the sculptor D. Yenseen. The building was completed in 1862 - on his construction spent about a million rubles.

Immediately after the opening and sanctification of the new house, happy new seals were entered into it - the Grand Duke with his wife. Contemporaries described the New Mikhailovsky Palace as one of the most luxurious in St. Petersburg. Huge bright chairs hit the height of the ceiling and beauty of the decoration.

The first floor was given under the personal rest of the family of the Grand Duke, including the bedrooms, the Boudois, the Cabinet, Bathroom. On the second floor there was a winter garden, on the third - a home church. All premises were richly decorated with stucco, statues, paintings, huge chandeliers.

Mikhail's great prince could not enjoy life in the new palace: in the winter of 1862, the emperor appointed him with his representative in the Caucasus. This business trip was delayed for several decades.

In 1905, Prince returned to St. Petersburg, and settled in Novo-Mikhailovsky again. Petersburgers told that they saw Mikhail Nikolayevich daily at the window on the first floor. The old man was glad when he was given the honor, and in response brought his hand to the gray temple.

In 1909, immediately after the death of Prince, a museum was created in the palace dedicated to his life and serving Fatherland. In a huge exposition, photos, collections of guns and a saber, awards, icons, manuscripts and personal belongings Mikhail Nikolaevich were presented.

After the revolution in the palace housed the Communist Academy. In 1930, the building was transferred to the Institute of Oriental Studies, which occupied almost all the premises until 1951, when the institution moved to Moscow.

Now in the Novo-Mikhailovsky Palace there are a branch of the Institute of Oriental Studies, the Electrophysical Institute and the Institute for the Study of Material Culture.

Novo-Mikhailovsky Palace - architectural and historical monument of federal significance, object cultural heritage Russia.

According to the book T. A. Sokolova "Palace Embankment" in the 1710th year, at this site of the Palace Embankment, houses managed by the monastic order of Count I. A. Musina-Pushkin and Field Marshal General Prince V. V. Dolgorukova. V. S. Izmozik in the book "On foot in Million" indicates that Major Vasily Dmitrievich Korchmin died here in Petrovsky Time. The first author "sent" him to the nearby plot of house No. 12-16. The second author confuses the story even more, classified V. V. Dolgorukova to the owners of the same neighboring territory.

In the middle of the XVIII century, the Lieutenant General M. Ya. Volkov owned the site, General-Annef A. I. Ushakov. According to the second source, A. I. Ushakov lived in the neighboring territory (house number 12-16). Upon possession of the Knyazhway plot of A. M. Cherkasy his mansion in 1736-1746. Architect P. M. Yeropkin was erected. The daughter of Cherkasy Varvara in 1743 married Count Peter Borisovich Sheremetyeva, after which the site passed their family.

The author of the book "St. Petersburg of the XVIII century" K. V. Malinovsky reports that in 1745-1750 two three-story palaces on the cellars were built here for P. B. Sheremeteva (one from the Palace Embankment, the other - on a million street), United two surplus filties. He leads a reference to the document, according to which these buildings built Architect S. I. Chevakinsky, and he used it for this, after the death of Prince Cherkasy project Yeropkin. I started this work that died in 1746 G. Dmitriev.

TO beginning of XIX. There is a stone house "at 84 rest." Mansion P. B. Sheremetyeva was often called the "Million House". Perhaps this name gave the reason to give the same name and a million street, which the side of the site comes out the opposite bank.

Amateur performances were held here. On February 21, 1766, the Great Prince Pavel Petrovich played the role of the main character in the house of Sheremetev's play (Future Paul I). Four artist of that presentation were decorated with jewels worth more than two million rubles.

After death in 1767, the wife, and the next year of his daughter, Count P. B. Sheremethev moved to Moscow.

In 1800, Sheremetev's house and the neighboring buildings of Banker Livio and the urban department were acquired by the Department of Foots. The restructuring of buildings was carried out by the project A. N. Voronikhina. Apartments appeared here for receiving particularly important persons who come to St. Petersburg. The inner decoration of the department of the Department of Duties was distinguished by wealth. Only 114,000 rubles were spent on the furnishings. The yard fligels were engaged in a printing house, archive and land school.

Here, in the Department of Details, from April 1830, Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol worked for about a year. His working day began at 9 am and ended in 3 pm. At first he was a scribe, and then assistant challenge. The work of the official of the future writer did not attract.

After the wedding on August 18, 1857, the Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolayevich and Princess Cecilia-August, Badenskaya (Olga Fedorovna), it became necessary to create an official residence for a new grandfatherhood family. Initially, Mikhail Nikolaevich was supposed to live in the same palace with the older brother Nikolai. For their common palace complex, a plot of the new Annunciation bridge was chosen. Architect A. I. Shtakhenshneider has already been drawn up the project, but the Grand Duke was not afraid to ask the Emperor's father separately from his brother. As a result, the Nikolaev Palace was built on the Blagoveshchensk Square, and the house for the younger brother is on the banks of the Neva, opposite the Petropavlovsk fortress. On July 20, 1857, a solemn bookmark of the Novo-Mikhailovsky Palace took place.

For the construction of the Novo-Mikhailovsky Palace, in addition to the building of the department, the neighboring house of Knyagini N. S. Golitsyn and House O. A. Togov, located between the Millionnaya Street and the sink river, were acquired. Subsequently, the Knyagini house was completely disassembled, and the walls of the department of the department's department were used to build a palace. The total cost of all works amounted to 993,525 rubles.

The Novo-Mikhailovsky Palace became one of the first buildings in St. Petersburg, during the construction of metal beams and rafters. The local water supply was equipped here (urban was built only in 1863).

The main facade of the Shockenshcheder building was designed at a fashionable eclectic style, choosing a baroque forms as a basis. Fully follow the rules of "pseudobarokko" the architect here was not possible, since it was necessary to use the walls of the old building. And this did not allow to actively use the timing characteristic of the baroque, the protrusions of the rizalitis. The facade of Novo-Mikhailovsky is decorated with balustrade with decorative vases. His sculpture was created by D. I. Iense.

The Novo-Mikhailovsky Palace was solemnly consecrated on December 9, 1861. The prefix "Novo" began to talk about his differences from the "old" Mikhailovsky Palace.

The front entrance of the Novo-Mikhailovsky Palace through the main lobby and the front staircase led to the second floor to the imfilade of the main premises. There were two-winged banquet, dance, green halls, as well as living rooms, a reception and oak dining room. On the ground floor there were residential premises and personal rooms of a grand-road family. Among them: Cabinet, Boudois, Bathroom, Bath. On the third floor, a house church was created in the name of Arkhangel Mikhail. Under it, at the level of the first and second floors there was a winter garden. The picturesque decorations of the main halls created fashionable in the middle of the XIX century. Artists M. A. Zychi and N. I. Silveries.

The house of the tooth was adapted to accommodate employees of the Grand Duke residence. The facade of the Shadmayster Corps was released on Millionist Street. Through his arch, the playpen built in 1877, located in the center of the plot. In 1889, the Novo-Mikhailovsky Palace was equipped with electricity.

In December 1862, the Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolayevich was appointed a governor to the Caucasus, where he left for almost twenty years. Alexander III He was raised as Chairman of the State Council. In 1905, Mikhail Nikolaevich could no longer hold this post. By this time, the Grand Duke again settled in the Novo-Mikhailovsky Palace.

IN last years Life Grand Prince loved to sit at the first floor window and was very pleased when passersby noticed him and gave the honor.

After Mikhail Nikolayevich's death in the Novo-Mikhailovsky Palace, a museum was created, where exhibitions of subjects related to the life of the Grand Duke were held. Historian T. A. Sokolova In the book "Palace Embankment" indicates the year of the start of the museum as the 1909th, and V. S. Izmosik in the book "On foot of Million" writes that the museum began to work in 1911. Expositions occupied four halls. In the former admission, the "Common Hall" was arranged, where portraits and portrait groups of associates of the Grand Duke were put. There were a collection of weapons, layouts and photographs of fortresses, manuscripts and official documents of the Grand Duke. In the "Hall of Personal Life" one could see the holy icons, orders and regalia, among whom Field Marshal rod was. Portraits hung on the walls, and in the shop windows - personal documents, children's educational notebooks. The office was left in pristine. In the hall last days Life "The things related to the disease and death of Mikhail Nikolayevich were presented. The museum received visitors on Tuesdays and Thursdays.

The next and last owner of the Novo-Mikhailovsky Palace became the eldest son Mikhail Nikolayevich - Grand Duke Nikolai Mikhailovich.

After 1917, some premises of the Novo-Mikhailovsky Palace occupied the Petrograd branch of the Communist Academy. In 1930, the Institute of Oriental Studies was located here. In 1951 he was almost completely translated into Moscow. Since 1956, its department has been working at the Novo-Mikhailovsk Palace, since 1991 - a branch of the institute. Currently, the Institute of Material History, Institute of Oriental Studies and Institute of Electrophysics Problems is located here.

The main embankment of St. Petersburg justifies its name: there are almost a dozen large palaces, in which the most important Russian figures lived history XVIII. - XIX centuries: Siblings of the house of Romanovs, large proprietors, cultural figures. We have chosen the most interesting CP HOSTEL. From us to all these palaces you can walk walking for 15 minutes! Ask a convenient route from the CP Hostel administrator.

Summer Palace Peter First

Very modest two-story palace in the summer garden, where Peter first lived from May to October for twelve years, from 1712 to 1725. In the time of Peter from the fountain, a small canal was breaking to the entrance to the palace, so the royal residence was located on the peninsula. The emperor loved when the guests arrived at him by boats. Modesty was generally inherent in Petrovsky buildings. For example, in the Palace of Marlle, there was no main hall at all, and the summer palace was not much like the residence of the emperor of a huge country. Luxury is Menshikov. Peter tried to avoid frills and enjoyed only the most necessary. So there were all the palaces of those times small and cramped. Formally, the palace is registered in the summer garden, but is located a few meters from the Palace Embankment.

Palace of Prince Oldenburg (Betsky House, University of Culture and Arts)

Until the 1770s, there was a building of the theater in which the Italian troupe was constantly performed: on her performances, as a rule, the court Elizabeth Petrovna went. After the death of the Empress and the departure of the Italians, the work of the Rastrelli's work was demolished, and in 1784 - 1787 the house was built here for Ivan Petsky, who was given classes for pupils of their educational institutionsAnd also gradually collected a collection of works of art. Ivan Krylov lived there, which opened a typography in the building and published his magazines. The second name house received when the Prince Peter Oldenburg was settled in it in 1830. Under it, the architect of Stasov was pretended and reconstructed the building. His son, Alexander Oldenburg, sold the building to the temporary government for the largest sum at the time (1.5 million rubles). In 1962, the Leningrad Library Institute placed here, and the Buzky House Building was connected with the neighboring house of Saltykov. Now there is a university of culture and arts, the famous "Cuck".

Before the project of the architect Rinaldi, the Palace was started to build a palace for Favorita Catherine Second Grigory Orlova, here the postal courtyard was here, then the first Petersburg elephant was briefly lived, then the building burned down, and then the building burned down, and then they cleared the place for the square. The Count of the Gift of the Queen did not wait, and she redeemed the palace at the descendants of Orlov and gave it to his grandchildren Konstantin Pavlovich. After that, until 1918 remained a residence for members of the house of Romanov. Then there was here Russian Academy The history of material culture, then opened the branch of the Lenin Museum, and since 1992 the Marble Palace became a branch of the Russian Museum, where modern art exhibitions were held (Warholl, Museum of Ludwig, etc.).

The third palace, built by Schaktenschneder for Children of Nicholas First (after Mariinsky and Nikolaevsky). His design began after the wedding of Mikhail Nikolayevich. For the construction of the building, several older buildings were demolished next door. The palace himself is an excellent sample of early eclecticism and combines the features of a variety of architectural styles in his appearance: Baroque, Rococo, classicism. In addition, the construction of the Novo-Mikhailovsky Palace was used by rare metal structures for those times. Mikhail Nikolaevich did not have time to immediately enjoy the beauty of the palace, because literally after the settlement in 1862 was forced to go the governor to the Caucasus. He returned home only in 1881, when he was appointed chairman of the State Council. In recent years, he usually did not go away from the palace and thoughtfully sat at the windows of the first floor. Passestrish sometimes noticed him and gave the honor. After his death, the building passed into the hands of his son Nikolai Mikhailovich. And now there is a library of oriental manuscripts.

Vladimir Alexandrovich is the third son in the family of Emperor Alexander Second. The architect of the Palace was the Mesmarms, who will soon build another Grand-Magnish Palace (the future house of music on the sink). It turned out a modest eclectic building, because of its masonry a little not fit into the ensemble of the Palace Embankment. Subsequently, the decision of the Petrograd Council, the Palace of the Grand Duke turned into a house of scientists. Herbert Wells was here, worked here (as Chairman of the Council) Academician Vavilov. During the blockade, the hospital was located here. At the moment there are dozens of diverse scientific sections in various directions.

Despite the fact that this building of Felten and Wallen-Decorate is the smallest in the Hermitage ensemble, it is here that one of the most famous Ermitage exhibits are located: including a pavilion hall, a clock with peacock, as well as famous hanging gardens. At first there was a "winter garden", but then, when the building turned into a museum from home residence, the concept had to change. You can look at this garden only from the window.

Winter Palace

Headprilk Palace, one of the most important museums in the world, the storage of hundreds of masterpieces artistic culture - Already fifth on account. The first was built under Peter, the second - too, the third commanded to build Anna John, the fourth - temporary - built Rastrelli, until the new Petrovna for Elizabeth was erected. Only Catherine the second settled in the current one: Elizabeth did not live before the end of construction, Peter the third overthrown shortly before the passage of the palace. The Winter Palace witnessed almost all the main events of the history of Russia after the XVIII century. Monuments were built around him the main military victories of the country, almost all Russian emperors lived here, it was here that one of the most highly attempts on the emperor was committed (Halturin blew up a bomb right under the dining room, Alexander the second did not suffer), a peaceful demonstration was shot at the "bloody sunday "The temporary government traveled here and the Bolsheviks overthrew him here. Finally, among the Winter Palace, one of the most popular meetings of 1991 and 1993 for democracy took place near the Winter Palace. Now the concerts and festivals of street sports are more often underway next to the Hermitage.