Ancient civilizations of the world list. What is the most ancient civilization on earth? Cultural heritage of the Empire

At the dawn of mankind, the southern part of the Mesopotamia, which in the classic era was called Babylonia, settled the very first civilization on Earth. Now this is the territory of modern Iraq, extending from Baghdad to the Persian Gulf, a total of about 26 thousand square meters. km.

The place is characterized by a very dry and hot climate with scorched and weathered, low-grade soils. The river plain, devoid of stones and minerals, the swamps, tightened by the cane, the complete absence of wood - this is exactly that this earth was more than three thousand years ago. But the people, who settled this territory and the world famous to the world, was endowed with a decisive and enterprising temper, an outstanding mind. He turned a lifeless plain into a flowering garden and created what would be called no other than the "first civilization on Earth".

Origin of Suchmers

There is no reliable information about the origin of the Sumerians. To date, scientists-historians and archaeologists are difficult to say whether they were indigenous inhabitants of Mesopotamia or came from these lands from the outside. The second option is considered as the most likely. Presumably, representatives came from the mountains of Zagros, or even Industan. Summers themselves about their origin did not write anything. In 1964, a proposal was made to consider this issue from various aspects: linguistic, racial, ethnic. After that, the search for truth was finally deepened in lingopology, to find out the genetic links of the Sumerian language, which is currently considered isolated.

Suchmers, which were founded by the first civilization on Earth, were never called themselves. In fact, this word denotes the territory, the south of Mesopotamia, the same name was "black-headed".

Language of Sumer

Linguists define Sumerian as agglutinative. This denotes that the formation of forms and derivatives is by adding unambiguous affixes. The tongue of the Sumerians consisted mainly of one-step words, so it was difficult to even imagine how many of them were, - the same sounding, but differ in meaning. In ancient sources, according to the estimates of scientists, there are about three thousand. At the same time, more than 100 words are used only 1-2 times, and the most frequently used only 23.

As already mentioned, one of the main features of the language is an abundance of homonyms. Most likely, a rich system of tones and larky sounds existed, which in the graph of clay plates is difficult to read. In addition, the first civilization on Earth had two dialects. Literary language (EME-GER) was used most widely, and the priests spoke on the secret diachy (Eme-Sal), which was given from the ancestors and, most likely, not tone.

Sumerian was a mediator and was used throughout the territory of Southern Mesopotamia. Therefore, his carrier was not necessarily an ethnic representative of this ancient people.

Writing

The question of creating writing superiments remains controversial. However, the fact is that they have improved it and transformed into the clig. They greatly appreciated the art of writing and include his appearance to the very beginning of creating their civilization. It is likely that at the dawn of writing history, it was not clay, but another, more easily collapsing material. Therefore, a lot of information is lost.

The very first civilization on Earth BC, to be impartial, created its own letter of writing. The process was long and complicated. The Gazelle shown by the ancient artist is an art or message? If he did it on the stone, in those places where many animals, it will be a full message for his comrades. It says: "There are many gazelles here, and therefore there will be a good hunt. The message could well include several drawings. For example, it is worth adding a lion, and the warning already sounds: "There are many gazelles, but there is a danger." This historical stage is considered the first step towards creating writing. Gradually, the drawings were transformed, simplified and became a schematic character. In the picture you see how this transformation happened. People noticed that it was easier to make an outtrend with a cane stick, and not draw. All rounding disappeared.

Ancient Suchmers - the first civilization on Earth, which has found it consisted of several hundred signs, and 300 were the most used. Most of them had several similar meanings. Floine was used in Mesopotamia almost 3000 years.

Religion of the people

The work of the Pantheon Sumerian gods can be compared with the Assembly, at the head of which was the supreme "king". This meeting was further divided into groups. The main one is known as the "Great Gods" and consisted of 50 deities. It is she who, according to the ideas of the Sumerians, peaks the fate of people.

According to mythology, it was created from clay, mixed on the blood of the gods. The universe consisted of two worlds (upper and lower), separated by the Earth. Interestingly, already in those days, Suchmers had a myth about the World Flood. In addition, we have reached the poem telling about the creation of the world, the individual episodes of which are very closely intersect with the main Christian shrine - the Bible. For example, the sequence of events, in particular, creation on the sixth day of a person. There are hot disputes about such a relationship of pagan religion and Christianity.

Culture

Sumerian culture is one of the most interesting and brightest among the other peoples who inhabid the two-frequency. By the third millennium, she reached his heyday. People lived in the period actively engaged in livestock and agriculture, fishing. Gradually exclusively agriculture replaced handicrafts: a pottery, foundry, weaving and stone production developed.

The characteristic features of architecture are: construction of buildings on artificial mounds, distribution around the indoor courtyard, separation of walls by vertical niches and the introduction of color. The two brightest monumental monument of 4 thousand BC. e. - Temples in Uruk.

Archaeologists found quite a lot of art objects: sculptures, remnants of images on stone walls, vessels, metal products. All of them are made with great skill. What is a magnificent helmet of pure gold (in the photo)! One of the most interesting inventions of Sumerians - printing. They were portrayed people, animals, scenes from life.

Earlynastic period: 1 stage

This is the time when genuine clinies have already been created, - 2750-2600 years BC. e. For this period is characterized by existence large number Cities-states whose center was a large temple economy. Over the limits there were largest communities. The main productive work was lying on the so-called temple clients who were deprived of ownership. The spiritual and political advantage of society already existed - a military leader and priest and, accordingly, their closest environment.

The ancient people had an outstanding mind and a certain inventive talent. In those distant times, people have already come to the idea of \u200b\u200birrigation, having studied the opportunity to collect and direct Euphrates and Tigger in the right direction. Enriching the soil in the fields and in the gardens of the organica, they raised its yield. But large-scale work, as you know, require a great workforce. The first civilization on Earth was familiar with slavery, moreover, it was legalized.

It is reliably aware of the existence of 14 Sumerian cities in the specified period. Moreover, the most developed, prosperous and cult was the Nippur, where the temple of the Chief God was located - Enlil.

Early Penal Period: 2 Stage

This period (2600-2500 BC) is characterized by military conflicts. Century began to defeat the ruler of the city of Kish, which allegedly caused the invasion of Elamites - residents ancient state On the territory of modern Iran. In the south, a number of cities-Nomov united in the Military Union. There was a tendency to centralize power.

Early Penate: 3 Stage

At the third stage of the early day, 500 years after that moment when the first civilization on Earth appeared (according to the assumptions of archaeologists), there is an increase and development of state cities, and in society there is a bundle, the growing of social contradictions. In this soil, the struggle of the rulers of Nomov for power is exacerbated. One military conflict was replaced by another in pursuit of hegemony of one city over everyone. In one of the ancient Hummer epos, dating back 2600 BC. E., refers to the union of Sumer under the rule of Gilgamesh - King Uruk. After another two hundred years, most of the state was conquered by the king of Akkada.

The Babylonian Empire shaking the strength of the Shumer to the middle of the second millennium BC. er, and Sumerist has lost the status of spoken even earlier. However, for a few thousand years, he remained as a literary. This is an approximate time when the Civilization of Sumerians ceased to exist as a political holistic formation.

Very often you can find information that mythical Atlantis - This is the first civilization on Earth. Atlants who inhabited it are ancestors modern people. However, most of the scientific world calls this fact no more than fiction, beautiful history. Indeed, every year information about mysterious mainland is becoming new in detail, but it does not have any historical reinforcement by facts or archaeological excavations.

In this regard, it becomes increasingly the opinion that the first civilization on Earth arose in the fourth millennium to our era, and these were nochmers.

Modernity has long stepped forward and moving on. And many secrets of life on Earth remain unexplored. Many scientists, historians, archaeologists, and simply lovers of the history of the whole world are constantly arguing, about what kind of civilization can be attributed to the first? And what of them, consider the most ancient civilization?

Disputes, disputes, and so far it is not much proven by anyone. This is the same as disputes that appeared first - an egg or chicken. Scientists even compiled lists of civilizations to determine which of them may be the first. All scientists and, naturally, it is important for historians to know what has been achieved by each of them, how were they formed? What a culture, writing was in one or another civilization. As the ancient people provided themselves, what kind of God they have turned.

Time passed, but this mystery, which civilization is the most oldest, still not solved.

Some scientists believe that the first civilization was in Australia. Aboriginal was independent, they lived freely and developed. They had their own culture, their life. The most interesting thing is that these tribes were all equal. The tribes were small - up to 150 people. What did they have a relationship there, not studied exactly. Their culture has been seriously studied. Everyone seemed to everyone that she was unworthy of attention and very primitive. Now in this territory after the invasion of the British is already learning something and return it, unlikely. Time is missed.

Atlantis

A lot of disputes and assumptions are about the civilization of Atlantis, which was close to the Gibraltar Strait. This civilization flourished long ago, somewhere nine thousand years ago, but they remember it today. This culture was on the island, the land there was not fertile, but people - Atlanta - achieved very much. There were magnificent architectural buildings, beautiful sculptures and temples. The wonderful climate has accompanied residents. They grow more and more. No longer left in the neighboring areas of anyone who could have merged them. But on their way, Athens got up. As a result of the earthquake of Atlantis completely disappeared from the face of the Earth. The first of her remembered Plato. Already at sunset he told everyone about that amazing landwhich was in youth. Passed the century, but what Plato told only lives in myths, fairy tales and legends.

Until now, historians have various disputes, versions and disagreements along this, such a distant and mysterious civilization. Although there are still songs about it, poems. But Atlantis was not forgotten, she was revived in the new civilization of the Egyptians with their pyramids. In America, irrigation systems appeared, which were also in this amazing civilization. According to the legend, the gods with Zeus destroyed this civilization of greedy, greedy people who appeared there for a large period of time. They constantly conducted war and demanded further enrichment. The water simply flooded the whole island, not leaving more sushi. The truth is or not, not to solve us.

Lemuria

Another civilization called scientists and historians, which was destroyed due to landseed, is Lemuria. She was on Earth somewhere 80 thousand years ago. For the remaining heritage, scientists and historians determined that the people of this civilization even mastered the construction of buildings from stone. It was their main achievement.

Very much collected interesting information About the most ancient Slavs. Although it is difficult to determine when this civilization accurately emerged, due to different interpretations and judgments.

But one is indisputable that after climate change, civilization called hyperbeda, had to go to other fertile lands. And it is, then it gave, the emergence of new civilizations. If the mystery of the occurrence of life was not hidden by the priests who carefully stored it, in our time there would be a lot of knowledge about these civilizations. But it is also known that the ancient Slavs had their gods: Yarilo, Perun, Veles.

The priests who were called the Guardians of the genus had a lot of secrets, but they did not open them anyone else. At that time, paganism existed there, completely people of that time were united in their faith. But already during from 7 to the beginning of the 9th century, pottery crafts, Kuznetsky and weapons, weaving and jewelry craft were well developed there. Already at that time, writing arose, but some letters were similar to Greek, and even on German runes.

Historians believe that the first civilization was truly the Sumerian civilization, which existed in the 4th century BC, and consisted of a variety of cities. These cities were called the following names: Erid, Ur, Umma, Akkad, Sippar, Nippur, Lugash. But these are only large of the cities. They were all in Mesopotamia. Historians found out that these nations from the Sumerian civilization had knowledge of the solar system, about reasonable life and knew the bill.

But these cities constantly fought among themselves, which, naturally, led to the decline in the development and culture of Sumerians. And according to the narration of historians already in 2000 BC. This oldest civilization has completely weakened.

Until this days, the narratives of ancient peoples preserved, assume that the very first civilization arose somewhere in the extreme north. Where there are cold ice now. The Chinese and Egyptians, and Indians and Eskimos are coming to the same opinion. They argue that there was a human life before there, and they consider the North Pole by a human cradle.

After all, there was no wonder there were found different remains of mammoths, which narrates that these animals were considered herbivores. So, once a long time ago, there was a normal climate. How many expeditions, already in our time, went to search for truth and returned with any finds. Anyway, our knowledge will be improved, not still studied. Archaeologists do not surrender, they find more and more new places for excavations, and therefore the themes for the disputes of historians and scientists will constantly be complemented by new knowledge. And who knows, may already be in the near future, it will become clear what civilization is the most ancient, the very first, which gave life to all other civilizations.

By definition of scientists, civilization is a stage of a public system, which is distinguished by the development of agriculture and crafts, the existence of cities, social classes, writing, as well as progressive and rational thinking of the population. The history of mankind is calculated by millennia, and for this period of time it was born and died not one highly developed and powerful civilization. What were the most ancient civilizations on earth, as they developed, which they achieved and how influenced the modern world, you can learn from this article.

Sumer.

Sumerian civilization arose at the turn of 4 - 3 thousand to n. e. On the territory between the Middle Eastern Rivers Tiger and Euphrates. Here, the Sumerians built several fortified cities, the economy of which was based on the processing of fertile land irrigated by the network of irrigation canals.

Each Sumerian city was a separate independent state, with his ruler and a patron deity. They could live at 50-60 thousand people. The peculiar capital was the city of Nippur, in which the sanctuary of Enlyle was located - the main god of the Sumerian religion.

Already in those distant times of Sumerians:

• built high stone walls and monumental buildings;
• mined and used copper;
• were familiar with the wheel and used it;
• possessed progressive knowledge in the field of astronomy;
• led the historical chronicle.

But the main achievement is considered to be the invention of the clinopy - the earliest form of writing, which is an ancient example of which is a clay plate, tentatively dated 3, 5 thousand to n. e. And, although the Sumerian civilization ceased to exist in the 24th century BC, conquered by the Babylonian kingdom, the memory of it was preserved in the famous and still circle of the zodiac, as well as the division of the day for hours, minutes and seconds, and the years - for seasons and Months.

Ancient Egypt is the name of the historic region and the cultural ancient civilization, spreading along the coast of the Nile in its lower part. His story has 40 centuries. The development of civilization was provided by the annual spills of rivers leaving the fertile IL, and the system of irrigation channels. They allowed the grain crops on these lands in excess, which made it possible to provide non-only one's own population, but also to establish trade with Mediterranean countries.

In addition to agriculture, Egypt's fame provided the advanced building technologies at that time. They allowed to organize collective construction of huge structures, surviving ages and became the symbols of modern Egypt:

• pyramids and sphinx;
• temple and palace complexes with monumental statues and colorful wall paintings.

Among the achievements of the ancient Egyptians, the original system of letters, achievements in mathematics, astronomy and practical medicine. The peculiar and mysterious culture of Egypt attracted peoples in antiquity, she is popular today.

India or Harappa civilization existed on Earth in 33-13 century BC. It developed in the Valley of the Indian River and was different large square Of all then existing civilizations With a population of approximately 5 million people.

Soil fertility, vegetable diversity and natural moisturizing of the terrain contributed to the development of the main classes of Harrapsev - agriculture. They lived in fortified cities, which were distinguished by the correct layout, the presence of water supply and sewage.

Already at the time ancient Indians:

• used copper and bronze tools and weapons;
• spells to do persistent mineral and vegetable dyes, aromatic substances and poisons;
• made glass and artificial precious stones.

The most important achievements of the Harrap Civilization are the invention of one of the most convenient and common number systems - decimal and the beginning of the records of the Vedov - the most ancient known collections of the sacred texts.

Chinese civilization has a long and interesting story, and its feature is that it developed apart from other centers of ancient civilizations. The territory of this country has always been densely populated, there were many replacing the hosting kingdoms on it.

But the history of the most powerful Chinese state began in the 3rd century BC. er, when the ruler of the king of Qin united 7 strongest kingdoms into a single empire and conducted cardinal reforms that touched all the spheres of society's life. This time was marked by the development of agriculture and crafts, creating great philosophical, romantic, historical and religious works.

In the next century, China has ruled even a lot of both local and eligible dynasties, and the periods of the power of the empire have changed more than the decline periods. However, from each crisis, the country has always come out worthy, sowing to preserve the national peculiarity and multiply cultural wealth.

Ancient China, like no other ancient civilization, Gave the world a lot of technologies and inventions that we use and so far:

• silk;
• porcelain;
• paper;
• powder;
• typography,

as well as dozens of other equally important inventions, without which the modern world would not have become such what it is now.

This ancient country occupied a narrow strip of lands on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, degraded from the rest of the land of the Lebanese mountains. The very first settlements on it arose about 3 thousand years before. e.

Already in a few centuries, the cities were conquered in their place - Ugarid and Arvad in the northern part, Tir and Sidon in South, Bible - in the center. They strengthened with powerful walls and built up 2-storey global or brick houses. Locals were engaged in that:

• held sheep and cows;
• grapes raised, olives and dates;
• traded olive oil, wine and wood famous Lebanese cedars, cypresses and oaks;
• they made purple paint and painted her fabrics that were popular with nor of all neighboring states.

The Phoenicians presented the world of the alphabet, which became a source of many modern alphabetic, as well as some other written systems.

Much of modern humanity is obliged to many of the ancient civilization, located in the southern part of the Balkan Peninsula and on the Islands of the Aegean Sea. Little ancient Greece during his heyday was highlighted even among the powerful powers of his time - Egypt, Babylonia and Persia - and, above all, not by their conquests, but by cultural influence on contemporaries.

It was here that the fundamental concepts about philosophy, politics, a social structure, medicine, sports, literature, art and education are in that meaning, as they are usually understood today. Any sphere of modern arts (theater, architecture, painting, music, literature) or science, one way or another, has experienced the influence of this enlightened state.

Ancient Greece in the presentation modern man Inseciously linked with:

• majestic marble temples and statues;
• exciting mythology;
• theater;
• original frescoes and ceramics;
• Olympic games.

All does it Ancient Greece One of the most interesting and attractive ancient civilizations ever existed on Earth. The ancestral of the arts and science, she is now attracting the attention of those who are passionate about the history of mankind.

The list of the most ancient global civilizations will not be complete without a majestic ancient Rome. This is one of the largest empires in the entire history of the world's existence that has reached the peak of its power in the 2nd century. e. And leaving a memorable trail in all lands, where they were able to visit her victorious legions. These are stone fortifications and roads, aqueducts and bridges, percked through local rivers. The construction of all these structures has become possible after the invention by the Romans of concrete and arches as the main architectural part.

There is something to see and in the very Eternal city. These are famous:

• The Colosseum and Circus, where the boots of gladiators passed;
• Roman forum, the formerly the center of public life of the city;
• Pantheon, characterized by the largest dome, which was in antique structures;
• The Palatine is the most famous and large Hill of Rome, where his story began;
• huge terms of Karakalla and Diocletian and much more.

Heritage Ancient Rome It is well known - this is Roman law and Latin, as well as Christianity that originated in the territory of the Roman Empire.

This is the most ancient civilization arising from the South American continent. The beginning of its formation falls on the 20th century BC. er, but it reached the greatest development in the classical period, which lasted from 3 to 10 century N. e. The period of the heyday of the Mayan culture las long - she was already in complete decline in the arrival of the Spanish conquerors.

On the territory of the Empire Mayan there were about 1 thousand multiple cities with luxurious stone palaces, wide areas, huge stepped pyramid temples. Cities were associated with a network of well-maintained paved roads with road stations and stories, some of which are preserved and still.

The most famous Mayan cities:

• Chichen Itsa;
• Palenka;
• Tikal;
• Ushmal;
• Copan;
• Kirigua.

The ancient Mayans were beautiful mathematicians and astronomers, testificate what is the creation of the famous sun calendar. But the main gift that this ancient Indian civilization and the next to her presented the world - plants used by the local population in food (corn, potatoes, tomatoes, beans, pumpkin, pod and vegetable pepper), and tobacco.

Video

9 800

The whole history of the world is represented by large accomplishments and great dates, and it all began not so much. So, the nearest ancestors of a person - Australopitek - survived not one million years of evolution, mastering agriculture, hunting, gathering and passing to inventing all new tools. And only when all the stages of development were passed, the series of civilization was passed. This stage was characterized by local wars and intersubs, the development of religion, architecture and social classes. One civilization came to shift another.

In general, the term "civilization" occurs with latin language and means "civil" or "state". The epoch, in which ancient civilization existed, is not one thousand years old, and many medieval scientists even use this term to separate the civilized society from primitive. If we talk about the signs characteristic of civilization, they are quite a lot due to the fact that every historian sees them from a subjective point of view.

Over the past few billion years, the world map has undergone significant changes. According to geologists, initially on the planet there was a single continent who wore the name of Pangea and was in the middle of a huge ocean. Later, this continent broke up into several separate formations: Laurelasia, which includes modern North America, Central and North Asia, Europe, as well as Gondwan, in which Africa entered, South America, India, Antarctica, Australia. The Mediterranean Sea flew between these continents, which was called Tetris at that time. For many centuries, these two continents threw forests, which later were destroyed due to sharp climatic changes. Later, under the influence of glaciers and underground pressure caused by change magnetic field Planets, huge boards began to crack and separate apart from each other until reached modern form.

Ancient people were confident that the very first earthly civilization appeared in the extreme north, and this happened many years before he was covered eternal ice. Here was the so-called kingdom of gods. According to the Chinese, the emperor of this kingdom received power from the Dragon's God, who was in the heavenly Northern Pole and was the personification of the King of Cosmos. The ancient Egyptians worshiped some shining beings that stood behind Osiris and focused the Great Pyramid on the brightest star of the Constellation of the Dragon Tuban, which in those years was a polar star. There is a legend that the "Mahabharat" and "Vedas" contains astronomical data that can be understood only if there is on the North Pole.

In the memory of Eskimos, the shining spirits of the North are preserved. In the Indians, SIU has preserved stories about the North Isle, the cradles of the ancestors, which was absorbed by the waters. And even B. modern world Santa Claus, according to legend, lives on the North Pole.

In addition, researchers anomalous phenomenaIn particular, UFOs noted that these objects are usually appearing in the north. Perhaps they pass through some passages in planetary radiation belts, or are sent to the underground civilization of the agarta, which exists on multi-kilometer depth.

Scientists are confident that in the ancient times North Pole.which were then tropics, extremely attracted the inhabitants of the cosmos, as it was the most real cradle of humanity, idyllic edem.

The second Great Ancient Civilization is a fabulous hyperborea. It was a salaring continent, over which the sun did not come. It was in Hyperbore that Apollo was periodically visited on his winged chariot. According to ancient testimonies, the hyperborers were very high, had light skin and hair, blue eyes. Thus, it can be assumed that they were a kind of perfect norrive type. According to legends, the hyperborers were cosmic aliens who colonized this part of the planet. Polar region, which, as mentioned above, was tropical. And the choice of aliens fell on it only because she very much resembled their own planet. It was the hyperborers that later became the progenitors of the human race.

In the legends of many nations, information has been preserved scary cataclysmwhich led to the devastation of beautiful northern lands. Legends suggest that the sun has changed the course of his movement, and the moon or a comet that fell to the ground, shifted the planet axis. Thus, one of the ages of the Earth was completed. And in the legends of Hindus and Maya, it provides information about the fact that between the magicians of Lemuria and the gods of hyperbores occurred nuclear warwho shook the entire planet, which caused the climatic changes and the offensive of the glacial period.

Sacks of hyperboreans Scythians have erected mysterious mengir their ancestors. And the Divine kings taught people to art and sciences, as people could not live on Earth, which turned into a piece of ice.

New civilization appeared on the continent, which is known as Lemuria. She was located to Himalayas north to Antarctica and Australia south. The first population of Lemuria consisted of gigantic hermaphrodites. For several millions of years of development, they turned into women and men and decreased in growth from 365 to 215 centimeters. Lemurians were very reminded by the external appearance of the red-walled Indians, even though their skin was a bluish shade. The forehead was given forward, and in the middle of him - there was a large bump, reminding the walnut (the so-called third eye, which testified to the developed mental strength).

According to the ancient legends, teachers who arrived from Venus were transmitted to dedicated to the residents of Lemuria, cosmic secrets, which subsequently formed the secret knowledge of the East. Already after many centuries, men became like the gods, acquired the color of the rising sun, and women became graceful and bright, developed female intuition, which has many times higher than scientific logic. Marriage was considered as sacred bonds, sex - as spiritual communication, and the divorces were not at all.

Death was considered a transition to a higher world, so the lemurians could die when they wanted. Legends say they did it often, because the world in which they dwells was imperfect, devastated by natural cataclysms. Ultimately, after the next eruption of the volcano, their continent split in half and disappeared in the ocean depths. It is likely that the part of the Lemurians returned to other planets with the knowledge gained, which became unavailable to earthlings.

Lemurians erected enormous cities, from underground lava and marble, they made divine sculptures in their own way and likeness and worshiped them. The houses of the residents of Lemuria were high, had a rectangular shape and a wide protruding roof, which gave a lot of shadows. Temples and palaces were huge, they were built of durable white stone. By the way, they did not completely collapsed over time and until now they can still be seen in Asia and America.

This people had a lot of silver and gold, but the precious metals were not used for coin chasing, and exclusively in decorative purposes. Diamonds were very widely widespread, therefore they were appreciated not higher than ordinary glass. Most of all, brightly colored rare feathers were valued among Lemurries.

The lemuri scientists were engaged in studying the Radionics based on space and solar energy, and brought heat and light into the dwellings.

But soon the civilization began to destroy itself. Strength and great knowledge gave rise to excessive pride. Black and white magicians struggled with each other until they destroyed civilization.

In some legends of the peoples of Asia, data is preserved that it flew out from Venus and Mars spaceshipsTo save your favorites. Meanwhile, the continent was split and went deep into seawater. After him, only the peaks of the mountains remained, which are currently a series of Pacific Islands (Malekules, Caroline Islands, Easter Island).

The remains of civilization were hidden under the guidance of Manu in the Western tip of Lemuria. From there, they presumably could get to the Atlantis, which only appeared from the ocean depths. Some lemurries moved to America, China and India, where they revived the culture of their deceased country.

Note that the considered civilizations are the most majestic and significant. For many thousands of years, they had a great influence on the culture of mankind. Later, civilizations appeared, better for earthlings. This is Olmeki, who invented the calendar and hieroglyphs, created a trade and communications networks. This is the Mayan civilization, which, according to modern standards, was the most primitive civilization of the Stone Age, but which, nevertheless, built dozens of wonderful cities, the basis of which constitutes the pyramids committed on sophistication and beauty. In addition, Maya invented hieroglyphic writing and a sunny calendar, able to predict the lunar and solar eclipses. This and Aztec, which in just two centuries passed a difficult path from the nomadic tribe to the terrible rulers of a large area. This is civilizations South America (Chavin, Parakas, Naska, Matching, Chim, Inki, Machu-Picca). This is the well-known Atlantis, Celts, Scythians, Phoenicians, Hitty. Each of these civilizations had a great influence on the development of humanity. But this, as they say, is already another story ...

The question of the most ancient civilization on planet Earth still remains open.

Atlantis

There are many hypotheses about Atlantis - sunken mainland, which was first mentioned in the dialogues ("Time", "Crete" - 359-347 BC). supposedly existed nine thousand years ago in the Gibraltar Strait area and sunk as a result destructive earthquake. Describing the way of life of the Atlanta, Plato showed a high level of civilization on this continent. In 2004, Dr. Rainer Kouen (Germany) on the photographs of the South-West Spain shot from the satellite, noticed fragments of the buildings described in Plato's dialogues, and made the assumption that Atlantis should be sought there. But despite the lively discussions caused by numerous versions about the existence of Atlantis as the most ancient civilization, studies of scientists have not yet confirmed any of them. Lemuria In the middle of the nineteenth century, another assumption of the oldest civilization appeared. This continent is called Lemuria or Mu and, allegedly, he was in the south Pacific Ocean, and then some natural cataclysm destroyed ancient mainland. It resemble only small rocky islands of the Pacific Ocean: Tahiti, Samoa, Hawaii, Easter Island, and others. Hypotheses about the existence of Lemuria - Mu also have no scientific evidence yet.

Sound the city

Another mysterious hypothesis about the ancient civilization arose in 2001, when the ruins of a huge city were found at the bottom of the Camp Bay in the West of India. Studies have shown that the city is four thousand years older than the worst Indian civilization. The study of this find has not yet been completed.

Sumerian civilization

Officially confirmed the existence in the distant past of the Sumerian civilization, which is considered to be the most ancient on earth, it has about six thousand years. Sumer was located on the marsh shores of the Tiger River and Euphrates in Mesopotamia, which in the south of modern Iraq. ABOUT high level Sumerian civilization scientists began to talk after the clini texts of the unique people deciphered. These texts belong to the period from 29-28 centuries to the 3-1th BC. The language of the Sumerians is not similar to any language in the history of mankind. But scientists still managed to read Sumerian letters. The information encrypted in these texts has read the researchers in shock. It turned out that Sumerians possessed such knowledge that it is impossible to assume the most ancient peoples. They knew mathematics, chemistry, physics, astronomy, medicine and first mastered writing on earth. They considered themselves the descendants of the residents of the planet Nibiru, which was located between Mars and Jupiter, which passes through Sunny system Once every 3,300 years. Suchmers who lived in South were strong, small people with round british heads. They portrayed themselves in the statues found during the excavations of the Sumerian settlements. In the northern intercourse, accides were settled - steppe nomads. In contrast to the Sumerians, were high, slender people with black long hair and beard, and oblong persons. They were called "blackheads". The most famous cities of Sumerov: Lagos and Umma. It was there that archaeologists found the most valuable letters talking about the life of the Sumerians, their idea of \u200b\u200bthe device of the world, their art, religion and the level of development of sciences. It is also known that in the cities-states there were their rulers - pathi (now this word is read by "Enci"). First, Lagasi's paratii was the ruler named Eannatum (mid-3rd millennium BC), who won the Umm and expanding his possessions, and then (twenty-fifth century BC) - Lugalanda, then - Urukagina, and even later (twenty-second century BC) Gudea. Gudea is known for the inscription on the archaeologists found, the Enci statue, in which it is narrating, as Gudea built the temple dedicated to God Ningirs. Archaeologists found the ruins of this temple - Palace. Interior decoration, doors, columns - from a precious tree with copper and bronze jewelry. In the courtyard of the temple was a pool and a playground from stone slabs, attached palm trees.

Aboriginal Australia

Some researchers have reason to believe that one of the most ancient civilizations were Australia's aborigines, the descendants of which still live on this continent. People lived tribes, where they were not even the leaders, everyone was equal. Men hunted kangaroo, and women harvested fruit and edible plants. Writings, temples, Palaces, this civilization had no.