Cycle Analysis (On the example "Little Trilogy" A. Chekhov)

Little trilogy of Chekhov essay by plan

Plan

1. Introduction

2. History of creation

3. Something name

4.Shop and theme

a) a man in the case

b) gooseberry

c) about love

5. Suggest and composition

6.Vode

"Little Trilogy" A. P. Chekhov And many critics immediately after the publication called the turning point in the work of the writer. If in the early stories of Chekhov first of all interested in the comic party, then the trilogy, especially the story "about love," wears "dramatic character, sometimes tightened to high tragedy" (A. Izmailov).

"Little trilogy" really resembles a serious philosophical argument of a writer about the inevitable negative sides of human life. A. I. Bogdanovich noted that Chekhov "can not remain an artist and ... becomes moralist and an accuse."

"Little trilogy" was written by Chekhov in 1898 and was first published in Nos. 7-8 magazine "Russian Thought". "Man in the case" originally had a subtitle "Story", "Gooseberry" and "On Love" were labeled Roman numbers II and III.

The name of the short cycle of stories was given researchers of the writer's creativity. Chekhov himself planned to create a whole series of works united by the topic "case life". However, after writing the story "On Love", the writer felt fatigue and indifference to this topic. "Little trilogy" is the simplest and most important name for three stories affecting the same topic. In addition, they are united by the main characters With their own stories.

The cycle of stories in the genre of critical realism. The main theme of the "small trilogy" is "Case Life", to which Czechs treated with huge indignation. This widespread, which became nominative, the concept refers to people who deliberately complain of living reality and closed in their small wrestling world.

The total tone of the entire cycle sets the first story with an unequivocal name - "man in a case". Teacher greek Belikov inspires disgust from the very first lines. The narrowness and limitedness of his life and inner world Retained almost to the absurdity. Belikov voluntarily concludes himself in the "case". At the same time, the very existence of the chief hero is a serious danger to society. His suspicion gradually changes the people around him, makes them all the time being in a state of fear. Belikova nobody loves and does not respect, but everyone is afraid to say at least the word against. Belikov's death gives relief to the entire city, but the "facility" has already penetrated into the souls of people and it will be extremely difficult to get rid of it.

The main character of the story "Gojberry" is the same limited man. His main dream is your own estate. Narrow ideas about happiness over the years are reduced to an even more insignificant thing - gooseberry. Having tried the berries from the first harvest, Nikolai Ivanovich is on top of bliss. He will never understand that he spent the best years of life in a senseless pursuit of these acid berries.

In the story "On Love" the topic "Parties" is not so obvious. It reveals through the problem of the inconsistency of spiritual and physical communication between people. Alekhin's landowner fell into his "case" - intense economic work. The educated person gradually immersed in ordinary peasant life. Familiarity with the family Luganovich returned him to the cultural world. Love for Anna Alekseevna revived hopes for some other, happy life. Neither Alekhin nor Anna doubted mutual love. But the public prejudices and fear of condemnation by society are above them. Young people gradually gradually, although happiness was in their hands. Only during the farewell for years, copied feelings and words broke out, but it was already too late to fix something. 6. Problems the main problem The cycle is to voluntarily refuse people from all the opportunities that they are presented in life. A person too early narrows its field of activity and is limited to most often with any small dreams and aspirations.

Chimsza-Himalayan and Burkin together went hunting. Located for the night in Saraj, they started talking. Burkin tells the story of his colleague - teacher Belikov ("man in a case"). The next day, the landlord of Alekhina is visited. In the evening, Ivan Ivanovich continues the conversation about his native brother ("gooseberry"). Having worried about Alekhina, Ivan Ivanovich and Burkin learn from him the story of the unfortunate love of the landowner. There is a close connection between the stories when the hunters understand the finals that they were also familiar with Anna Alekseevna.

Czechs throughout their lives called for people to a tireless useful activity and submitted this example. Images of people "in the case" - a bright pattern of how to live should not be.

In 1898, three Chekhov stories appeared in the press - "Man in the case", "Gooseberry" and "On Lyuby", united not only by the general copyrighted scrap, but also a similar composition ("story in the story"). Already the name of the first product of this cycle is significant. It is built on an explicit pro-tivopaging, antithesis: human and case. Bel-cings hiding from the world, the most limiting its space, preferring to a wide and free life of a close and dark case, which becomes a symbol of philistine cosup, a hood, immobility. In Belikov, teacher ancient-Greek (dead) language, there is something dead, inhuman. Only when he was already lying in the coffin, "his expression had a meek, pleasant, even cheerful, for sure he was glad that he finally had polo-lived in the case from which he would never come out." However, the death of Belikova has not meant victory over Belician ...

Brother Ivan Ivanovich (one of the narrator), "good, meek man," having completed the dream of his life and bought a manor, becomes like a pig ("gooseberry"). His story gives the basis of a storytellor to join the controversy with the idea of \u200b\u200bone of the folk stories L. Tolstoy: "It is customary to say that a person needs only three ARSHA Earth. But after all, three Arsshina need a corpse, not a man ... Che is a deck need not three Arsshina of the Earth, not a manor, but the whole globe, all nature, where he could have to show all the properties and peculiarities of his free spirit. " So artistic image Easy is becoming one of the main ways of the author's concept. Narrow, closed space (case, three ARSHINA, estate) faction is unprecedented wide spacious - The whole globe needed to a free person.

Causes a small trilogy story "On any-V", which continues the study of the problem "Parties". Back in the "gooseberry" Ivan. Iva-Novich said: "... these estates are the same three Arsshchi Earth. Get away from the city, from the struggle, from everyday noise, go away and hide in the estate is not life, it is egoism. " These words are directly related to Alekhina, who himself tells about himself. The life that Alekhin chose for himself is the same case. He, similar more than a professor or artist, than on the landowner, for some reason it makes it necessary to live in close little room (narrow space), although at its disposal a whole house. It's no time to wash him, and he only got used to the cereal, hay and nut ... Material from site.

Alekhin is afraid of change. Even big, infusion love is not able to force him to break the established norms, go to the gap with the prevailing stereotypes. So gradually he himself dinner, empty his life, becoming similar - not in detail, but in essence - the heroes of the "man in foot-lore" and "gooseberry".

The location of the stories in the "trilogy" was thoroughly thought out by Chekhov. If in the first of them, the "party" is shown and exposed directly and, so to speak, clearly, in the last we are talking about hidden and, perhaps, even more dangerous forms of human flight from reality, life, love, happiness ...

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The story "On Love" Chekhov wrote in 1898. The work completes the "small trilogy" of the author, which also studied in the literature lessons the stories "Man in the case" and "Gooseberry". In the story "On Love", the author reveals the topic of "parties" in love, showing how people themselves limit themselves, do not allow themselves to be happy. Read online summary "On love" can be right on our website.

main characters

Pavel Konstantinich Alekhin - The poor landowner shared with the guests of the love story to Anna Alekseevna.

Anna Alekseevna - kind, intelligent woman, Luganovich's wife; Alekhin was in love with it.

Other heroes

LUBANOVICH - "Comrade Chairman of the District Court", "Milestone Personality", Anna Alekseevna's husband.

Burkin, Ivan Ivanovich - Guests of Alekhina, whom he told his story.

Alekhin, Ivan Ivanovich and Burkin talked for breakfast. The owner said that his servant Pelagei was very in love with Nikar's chef, but she did not want to marry him, since he drank, rejuvenated and even beat her.

Reflecting on the nature of love, Alekhin comes to the conclusion that "the Mystery of this is great is." A man believes that the Russians are decorated with the fatal questions: "honestly it is either dishonest, cleverly or stupid, which will lead this love." And Alekhin spoke about his love.

He moved to Sofiaino immediately after graduating from the university. Since "there was a big debt on the estate," Alekhin decided to give way to his urban habits and hard to work until everything was paid. Alekhin, along with everyone, smelled, sowed, mowed.

In the first years, a man was chosen to "Honorary Judges". At one of the meetings, he met Luganovich. He called Alekhina for lunch and introduced his wife Anna Alekseevna, who then was no more than twenty-two years. Alekhin "I felt a close creature in it, already familiar." The next time Alekhin saw Anna Alekseyevna at a charitable performance.

Pavel Konstantinych became increasingly from Luganovich, becoming "her", he was always happy. And every time Anna Alekseevna produced him "the impression of something new, extraordinary and important." They could talk, for a long time to be silent or she played him on the piano.

If Alekhin did not come to the city for a long time, Luganovichi began to worry. They did not understand how an educated person could live in the village. Luganovichi gave Alekhina gifts, and if he "oppressed by some lender," offered to lend money, but he never agreed.

Alekhin always tried to "understand the secret of a young, beautiful, intelligent woman who goes beyond the uninteresting man, almost an old man, has children from him."

Every time, coming to the city, the man saw that Anna Alekseevna was waiting for him. However, they did not admit to their love, "hiding her timidly, jealous." Alekhin reflected on what would love their love would bring that he could not offer her interesting life, but only "more everyday environment." "And she apparently argued like the same way," thought about her husband and children. They were often in the city and in the theater, they even walked unreasonable rumors.

IN last years Anna Alekseevna "was already treated from the disorder of nerves," felt displeasure to life. With strangers, she experienced "some strange irritation" against Alekhina.

Soon Luganovich appointed "Chairman in one of the Western provinces." At the end of August, Anna Alekseevna, the doctor sent to be treated in the Crimea, and it was decided that she would come to the family later. Walking to a woman, Alekhin at the last moment ran into the coupe. He hugged her and began to kiss, she pressed towards him and cried. "I admitted to her in my love, and with a burning pain in my heart, I understood how it was unnecessary, finely and how deceptively it was all that we had pretext to love." He kissed her in last timeAnd they forever broke up.

Reflecting on the heard, Burkin and Ivan Ivanovich regretted that Alekhin was not engaged in science or something like that, and what should be the sorrowful face was at a young lady during a farewell.

Conclusion

The main characters of the story "On Love" are closed from their feelings, try to hide them not only from each other, but also from themselves. The composition of the "story in the story" of Chekhov emphasizes how much Alekhin regrets lost love even after many years after what happened.

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"Little trilogy". The famous "Little Trilogy" was written in Melikov, consisting of the stories "Man in the case", "Gooseberry", "On Love". They are called the trilogy because in all three works there are the same heroes - the teacher of the Gymnasium Burkin, the veterinarian Ivan Ivanovich Chimsza-Himalayan and the landowner Alekhin, each of whom tells his story. Stories, in turn, combined general theme - Theme "Foot-Fryingness". The meaning of this concept is most convenient to reveal on the example of the first story, from where it, in fact, is happening.

"Man in a case". A man in a case - so for the eyes of the teacher of the Greek Language Belikov, whose history tells his colleague Burkin. Describing the appearance and lifestyle of Belikov, Chekhov widely use expressive details, which, however, everyone indicates the same trait in his character - the desire to hide, get away from life, climb into yourself, like cancer-hermit. He always walked in caloes and with an umbrella, wearing dark glasses, the ears laid wool, and when he was driving on the cab, ordered to raise the top, etc. If this is a care for health, it is immediately evidenced that it has something painful, excessive, having some internal psychological reasons. The story refers to that one of such reasons is an innate fear of life. Indeed, Belikov is afraid of everything, especially the new one. But the fear that he constantly carries in himself (which, by the way, makes him like the hero of the "death of the official" before the head of the hero, not only urged his personality, but also paradoxically forces others to suffer because of his others. Since and his thought of Belikov also "snapped into the case", he believed only by ordering orders and only those newspaper articles, "in which something forbidden." Thus, according to Burkina, the modest teacher of the Greek language "held all the gymnasium in fear." On the one hand, Belikov is a fearful and weak man, on the other, it is this weakness that makes it in secretly aggressive and despotic. Belikov - the figure is pathetic and ominous at the same time. His fear of losing his "case", then what he is protected, closes from the world, it is so great that when life has given him the opportunity to open, marrying at a cheerful Ukrainian Varnik Kovalenko, he died even deeper into the "case" and at the end ends, unable to bring direct contact with a lively life, died (again an interesting parallel with a worm official).

In this story, as in all the "trilogy", for Chekhov is fundamentally important to oppose the closed, or "case", and an open human character, or a closed and open person. Belikov is a classic example of a closed nature in its aggressive and pathological option. Other form of closedness, from the life of Chekhov draws in two other cycle stories.

IN "Gooseberry" Closeful appears as a manic obsession with an idea or a dream, and not a high dream (as it was, for example, at the Kovrina in the story of the "black monk"), and the poor, Kutya, philistine. The dream of Nikolai Ivaniki Chimsi-Himalayansky (about which his brother is telling the veterinarian Ivan Ivanch) to purchase a manor with the clarops and the gooseberry, which became the goal of his life, turns into one of the end in some parody of the dream. Nikolai Ivanich with the same reverence and trembling, with what usually belong to things really high, seeks to things are purely material, and this is infinitely narrowing his spiritual horizon. Its brother, who came to spend it, he, is absolutely pleased with the "material wealth" that surrounds him in the manor, completely planted the gooseberry bushes, resembles a pig, which "Togo and Looks scolding in the blanket." Completely absorbed by his little, insignificant idea, he does not see anything around and even loses a feeling of reality: so, the gooseberry, bitter and sour, sacred from his own bushes, seems to be delightedly sweet, and he even gets up his bed at night, to enjoy beloved Berries.

In the story "About love", in which Alekhin's landowner tells his love story, its own indecision is represented, the inability to act internally freely, openly, without careful, childily looking at how it will look from the point of view of the usual, ordinary behaviors. Alekhin is an intelligent person, and the situation in which he found himself, having loved the married woman, is a situation that has no simple solutions. But Czechs in the final of the story clear makes it clear that these decisions could be found if the hero could have been able to abandon all their fears and fears if he trusted his inner feeling, he opened him.

"Ionch". The story "Ionch" is adjacent to the "little trilogy" - another story about a person who voluntarily submitted to the "case".

In the life of Zemsky doctor, Dmitry Ionchcha Startsev, who served in the provincial wilderness, was a little joy: he was tired of the service, he truly rested only in the family of Turkish, which in the city of S., where the main action of the story occurs, was considered the most cultural and intelligent. At first, Startseva, everything pleases in this family: both father, constantly mixing guests with witty tricks and words, and mother, writing long novels and with undisguised pleasure reading them to guests and friends at home, and daughter Katya, who dreams of a musical career and every day for several hours Piano playing. Katya awakens in the soul of Starteva an exalted feeling of first love, which is so fascinating him that he is even solved on a kind of "romantic adventure" - goes at night in a cemetery, where Katya, wanting to jerks on him, prescribed a date. However, over time, when his practice increases and he gets used to taking more and large sums from patients, a passion for wealth, material security absorbs him (he already has the estate and two houses in the city, and he wants to acquire more The third; if earlier he traveled to the challenges "on a pair", now - "On the top three with the bubber"), that the light of the pure aspiration for the hill is the sublime and ideal, which once burned in it, finally goes out. Even the externally elders turns into a kind of "case", inside of which a living human soul died: it becomes thick, rude, similar, according to a direct authoring characteristic, on a self-satisfied "pagan God".

The peculiar form of "caseor" closedness from the real living life with its real problems and difficulties is the cultural template for which the Turkish family lives, which is intelligent in the city, and who actually has nothing to do with genuine culture, nor with genuine intelligence: from year to year Mother, Vera Josephovna, reads guests their long, boring novels, in which "what is never happening in life"; Father, Ivan Petrovich, about and without reason, pronounces all the same funny words and expressions, which, since all the time they repeat, the listeners are so imparted that they can no longer be perceived as the real vulgarity.

At the same time, the copyright attitude towards heroes, as often happens in Chekhov, far from unambiguity. The author's dislike and Turkish, and the older is quite obvious, and nevertheless, there is no other rectilinear condemnation in the story. All the characters of the story have something that albeit a little bit, but goes beyond the limits of their "case". So, not to anyone else, like Ionchu, it would seem that I had already made all the spiritual, the author heaves to say about the family of the Turkish phrase, extremely important for the entire ideological concept of the story: "... if the most talented people in the whole city are so bad, then What should be the city. " In addition, the father and mother of Turkish and their daughter Katya, with all their vulgar provincial pseudo-sensitive, in the final of the works are honored by notes of copyright sympathy - in the scene, when Ivan Petrovich escorts at the station to his wife and daughter driving out on vacation in Crimea. I mention that Katya rides in the Crimea because "noticeably aged" and "clings", and Ivan Petrovich, when the train trudges, eyes are filled with tears, Chekhov unexpectedly opens ordinary people in their heroes, defenseless, like all people, Before the threat of diseases, inevitable old age and, most likely, that is why so touchingly tied to each other and so painfully experiencing even brief separation.

The story "Man in the case" of Chekhov wrote in 1898. The work is the first story of the "small trilogy" writer - the cycle that also included the stories "Gojberry" and "On Love".

In the "man in the case" of Chekhov talks about teacher of dead languages \u200b\u200bBelikov, who tried to conclude his whole life in the "case". The author rethinks the image of a "little man" in a new way. Belikov is bigger than Gogol Character, he becomes the embodiment of a whole public phenomenon - "Parties".

main characters

Belikov - Teacher Greek and latin language ("Dead languages"), "Man in the case", taught in one gymnasium with Burkin, a neighbor of a narrator.

Varegnka. - Sister Kovalenko, "Yell Thirty", "High, Slim, Chernobrovy, Redish," "not a maiden, and marmalade."

Kovalenko Mikhail Savvich - Teacher of geography and history, "from Khokhlov", "Young, tall, dark, with enormous hands."

Other characters

Burkin - Gymnasium teacher, Neighbor Belikova, who told his story Ivan Ivanovich.

Chimsha-Himalayan Ivan Ivanovich - veterinarian.

"At the very edge of the village of Mironositsky, in Saraj, the heads of prophyology are located for the night of late hunters" - Ivan Ivanch and Burkin. Men did not sleep, telling different stories. The conversation went about lonely people, "who, like crash or snail, are trying to go to their shell."

Burkin recalls the history of teacher of the Greek Language. He was distinguished by the fact that in any weather always went outside in Kalosh, with an umbrella and warm coats on the cotton.

For each thing Belikova, Belikova had his own cover - both for the umbrella, and for hours, and for a peroral knife, even his face, "it seemed also in a case," because he "hid it in the raised collar," wore glasses. "This person had a permanent and irresistible desire to surround himself with a shell, create a case, such as<…> From external influences. " Even his subject - " dead Languages"Was a kind of teacher to escape from reality.

For Belikov, only those newspaper articles were understood in which something was forbidden. Any retreat from the rules caused uglings in it, and his beloved expression was "how would not happen." For his imperisibility and caution, the teacher was oppressed by the whole city.

Belikova had a strange habit - he walked on teachers' apartments, sitting there silently and left, considering such visits to their "friendly duty." Belikov was a neighbor Burkina, so the narrator knew that the "man in the case" was also "shutters, valves, a number of all prohibitions, and - ah, how wouldn't anything happen!" .

However, Belikov, despite his character, almost married. To them, a new teacher of history and geography was appointed to school - Mikhail Savvich, who came along with his sister, a swinging woman, singer. Somehow, in the name of the director, seeing cooking and Belikov nearby, the teachers came the thought that "it would be nice to marry them." Everyone began to convince the teacher to marry. Varya, too, was not averse to marry and provided Belikov "obvious favor." Deciding for marriage, Belikov became increasingly at Kovanynok, but the proposal was postponed, sharing his own concerns about the fact that Coury had a very big character, and the "marriage is serious".

Brother Vari from the first day he hated the Greek teacher, giving him the name "Glitai Abya Pavuk", but did not interfere with their relationship.

However, everything turned one case. Some squeezed drew a caricature with the inscription "In Love Anthropos", depicting Belikov and Wriven with him at hand. Figure with obscure circumstances was all teachers, officials and Belikov himself. "The caricature made the hardest impression on it." However, when, leaving the house, the teacher saw Kovalenko and cook on bicycles, it was overshadowed even more, as it believed that it was not decent to women and teachers of gymnasium to ride a bike.

The next day, Belikov felt bad and even first gone from classes. In the evening, he went to Kovalenkov, where he found only his brother. Belikov tried to explain that it was indecent to ride a bikes than just grew up Mikhail Savvich. And when the Greek teacher promised to report on the content of their conversation director, Kovalenko could not stand and lowered Belikov from the stairs.

Just at this time, the house entered cooking with two women. Deciding that Belikov fell himself, she was not kept and loudly crushed. The idea that the whole city knows what happened was so terrible for the teacher that he, "Returning to his home,<…> Lit and no longer got up. " A month later, Belikov died. When he lay in a coffin, his facial expression had a pleasant and meek, "surely he was glad that he finally put it in the case, from which he would never come out." After his death, everyone experienced relief. Soon "life flowed as before", "did not become better."

Burkin finished his story. Ivan Ivanovich, reflecting on the history of Belikov, says: "But isn't that we live in the city in a stuff, in flavored, write unnecessary papers, play the screw - isn't it a case?" .

Conclusion

In the story, "man in the case" of Chekhov for the first time identified one of the leading themes of his creativity - the topic "Parties". According to the author, this social phenomenon is reflected in the fear of the surrounding world, conciseness, the timidity in front of something new and reluctance is to let it in his life, because "how would not happen." On the example of Belikov, the author in grotesque formulates all the disadvantages of "parties" and shows that it only leads to degradation and emptying personality.

Offered short retelling "Human in the case" will be useful to schoolchildren when preparing for lessons and verification work According to Russian literature.

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