"People do not understand monkeys. This is a clash of generations. "
(Ninus Nesterovich)

"The notorious missing link between monkey and a civilized person is just us."
(Conrad Lorenz)

"If the monkeys could say, they would probably say that people only degenerate monkeys that humanity is spoiled monkeys Rod."
(Heinrich Heine)

I wrote in the past story about my monkey's cat Devon-Rex and, by the way, remembered that we live now in the year of the monkey. Inevitably approaching academic year Recalling a professional joke:

And now, kids, I will tell you about monkeys. And there is nothing staring in the windows - you will not see them there! To watch me all !!!

And I decided to devote the next story of my welfare and small of them - the marblesty, which I adore all my life.

I fell happiness to see the marblesties alive when I stayed in Sweden from my cousin. We walked along the most beautiful zoo in Stockholm. Despite the relatively cool Northern summer and the fresh wind from the Baltic, life was a paradise, because a rare sun shone and everything just dismissed his chic tail peacock, which looked freely along the path and proudly demonstrated himself to tourists.

And then I turned my head to the right and forgot about real lifebecause in front of me was a glass avoire with marblets !!! There were five of them - two tiny parents and three nano-kids. To say that it was delighted to watch them - it will not give anything.

Unfortunately, my camera was then broken, and I will have to illustrate my story with photographic materials selected from the Internet (the rights to them belong to their happy authors, which I sincerely envy).

Unreal it was creatures, similar to their sheets, movements and ulues on some kind of good gnomes. All that they would do, caused unmanaged hysterical laughter of all viewers.

Mamashka-marbovet all the time tried carefully, but to unsuccessfully follow his children, but they were so violently rejoiced by life and rapidly again around the cage, flying from the branch to the branch, pulling each other's tail, falling and kwwing, that the parent was squeezed in surprise -Added expression, and she all the time turned to tourists, looking for sympathy. And all this cheerful soda reminded the human problems that the audience, speaking simultaneously in Swedish, English, German, French and Russian, understood each other completely. And remembered the anecdote about our relationship:

The girl asks her mother:

- Is it true that all people happened from monkeys?

- Truth.

- All - all? And even me? !!

- Yes, but you are from very pretty.

Padcash-marboset tried to maintain the visibility of common sense and calm. He even a couple of times very deftly caught his offspring for being closer, and pulled it out of educational purposes. But the cubs only made his scolding face, from which tourists finally treated. Then the head of the family went gently sorting out the fur mother, comforting and soothing her. Here he distracted and managed to shove his long curled tail in a bowl with water, but did not confuse, but began to comb into his paws and regrow it. Here we all have already just got out and could not breathe from laughter ...

Suddenly, the little Marmo-cubs got sideways on the twig right to the front glass, looked at me with a smirker and put his tiny palm to the glass, as if playing in the ladies. I also pressed the palm to the glass, feeling with him the same blood, like happily-awesome Mowgli.

And suddenly everything broke ... My little cousin Max screamed with a bad voice that he was tired of stupid monkeys and he leaves there is a juicy hamburger. Terribly upset and disappointed, I thought: "Damn, Max, so that you! You're lucky! You live here and you can come to look at this miracle at least every day - and you do not care, but you need this smelly hamburger! And I will never have such happiness, let me even at least five minutes! " But the little hemisphew was firm and inexorable, and the hostess was incorrectly contradictory, and I was sadly shoved behind them.

And I no longer saw any beautiful ancient gothic buildings in Gamla Mill, nor picturesque yachts, who swung on the waves along the Promenade of Pier, nor well-kept suburban cottages with amazing on the beauty of the kindergarten - in my eyes all the time they danced those marchs. Tried to self-duty jokes in the topic:

Believers believe that they originated from Adam and Eve. Atheists believe that they originated from the monkey. And the agnostic is still, as they see that the result is the same.

Soon I returned from the sunny-windy calm and beautiful Sweden to the rainy and September Moscow and went to the bird market to buy a sister as a gift a big beautiful shell.

Here I have to do not do at all lyrical, but the desired retreat.

Warning: People !!! Be carefull!!! Never buy kittens and puppies on the bird market - they are all sick or contagious !!!

I myself had passed through this, buying a kitten there, for a very dangerous virus for a very dangerous virus. My student pumped the dog from Mom, went to buy the happiness of the whole life - I bought a sad taxi, which in three days in the torment died of bloody enteritis. Our neighbors managed to even take a Golden-Retriend's puppy there and then sobbing haltered him due to the inoperable hip dysplasia. When people in my eyes told veterinarians, that they bought their little animals with a bunch of problems on the bird, doctors only rolled her eyes and dragged: "Well, kaaak you mogood !!!"

So what am I talking about?! Running I mean along the meowing-tank-chirling row on the bird of the shell, and suddenly I see an unusual announcement: "I sell lemurs and marblestones"

I just got cold, presenting what is waiting for these gentle and capricious exotic animals, if they do not fall into the hands of professional experienced zoologists in the zoo, and in the apartments to the inherent lovers who most often want to buy a beautiful cool live toy, so that the interior decorates and before Ponte friends to breed.

And again in the topic:

Vovochka asks mom:

- Mom, buy me a monkey! Oh please!..

- Little Johnny, what are you crazy? And how are you going to feed her?

- Mom, and you buy me a monkey from the zoo. There is hanging plate: "Monkeys feed prohibit!".

Terribly all this hurt me and upset and decided to sit down for the literature and learn more about these unique monkeys - marblestiles. And then write a story so that people understand what fragile creatures and how much you need to have knowledge, free time, kindness and money to create them worthy conditions for the content of the house. It is not forces not everyone, but to torment the kids for fun and self-affirmation - cruel and gadko.

Mrams or toys, like Aunt Charlie in a famous comedy ("Hello, I am yours!"), Live in Brazil, "Where in the forests there are a lot of wild monkeys."

Mombs belong to the most miniature primates of the planet, to the genus of wide monkeys. Sometimes grimets refer to toy monkeys (their more than 35 species), and sometimes allocate in an independent family of marblest monkeys.

The marblesties are very close to the family of Tamarins (their 22 types), which differ from only lower fangs.

Even the largest representatives of this kind do not exceed 30 cm and weighs 400 grams, and completely miniature dwarf playbacks, for example, the Swiss Lilliput-march does not exceed the length thumb Adult man (their length on average no more than 15 cm and weight reaches only 120 g).

Three types of actually marblestones (silver, golden and black) differ significantly in their own way. appearance and color. Although they are inherent in general features - meaningful expressive face with oriental incision and flashing mobile facial expositions, the body is not more protein covered with silky wool and with a long swirling tail exceeding the body length.

These monkeys dwell not only in Brazil, but inhabit the rain tropical and subtropical forests of the Amazon pool - in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.

Mrams and toys live in the lower and medium crowns of high trees and descend quite rarely to the ground, without feeling there in safety.

They hold on with family groups from 3 to 30 individuals and are day animals, climbing the night to sleep in a hollow or nest.

These tiny monkeys are very buggy and careful, they are almost all the time in motion, very cleverly smoking on trees with their strong and flexible paws and chain curls. They are also excellent acrobats and can jump up to 4 meters. Interestingly, in contrast to other monkeys, they practically do not use their long tails and run on four limbs. Moreover, despite its tiny size, these strollers can overcome up to 2 kilometers per day.

Communicating among themselves, monkeys are quickly twisted, tweet and dismissed with thin voices, and in case of danger, warn members of the flock by sharp and loud cries. Zoologists have more than 10 signals that these primates can exchange, expressing different shades of joy and sympathy for their tribesmen and irritation to the strangers who invaded their territory.

Mombs and toaste insectivores and vegetable animals. They feed on tropical fruits, small vertebrates, lizards and insects: from large butterflies to beetles and cockroaches. Also, they love to drink sweet woody juice, deftly cutting the bark of trees with extremely sharp cutters. In addition, they drink rainwater accumulated in the leaves of plants.

These primates are typical social animals living in a large family and raising young flocks. General in the monkey pack are not only children, but also wives.

At the end of the wedding period, females are carrying a young approximately 155 days. The marblesties give birth twice a year usually in a pair of a cub. Father pays a lot of strength to upbringing and protecting offspring. Often he wears babies on his back, giving their mother for feeding. Up to 4 months, the mother feeds crumbs with milk, and other members of the flock actively help her in the upbringing of a young: tack out on his back, combed a fur, watch their behavior and teach the right life skills and behavior in the team.

The kids are extremely lean, movable and noisy.

At the age of 1.5 - 2 years, young monkeys are getting warm.

In nature, these minor monkeys live up to 15 - 18 years old, and in captivity I can live for a few years longer With the right content.

According to real specialists, contain fragile and whimsical marblestones and the tooth in captivity is not easy.

They need a large cage with strong branches for lasagna and heating lamps in case of a decrease in temperature (they need not lower than 29-30 Gy). It is simply impossible to keep them unattended in an apartment or house, because by virtue of their mobility and curiosity they gnaw, crash and tear everything in their path. If they do not keep them a pair or a pack - they require a lot of attention, love and diverse games, and otherwise sad and fall into depression and irritability.

Their diet should be very correctly balanced and include vegetables, fruits, boiled meat and fish, nuts, juice, and even alive insects. They also need many different and safe children's toys to which, however, they quickly lose interest and require new entertainment. In the marriage period, monkey fell into aggression and can noticeably bite. They need a permanent, qualified and expensive veterinary monitoring and treatment.

With the right content of the marchs are very attached to all family members and are universal favorites, despite not all the difficulties and problems.

Palace Bridge Located among the masterpieces of architecture, in the heart of St. Petersburg and is a symbol of the city on the Neva. The diluted wings of the palace bridge look spectacularly against the background of the water stroit and the attractions of the Northern Capital. The structure is included in the list of objects of the cultural heritage of the Russian Federation.

How to get

• Nearest Metro Station - Admiralteyskaya
• On land transport to stop "Palace Square", "Exchange Square" or "University Embankment".

From the history

It is known that Peter the first was an opponent of the construction of bridges and killed the people to water, welcoming movement on the Neva by boats. One of the boat transport was located next to the Winter Palace.

For reference: the first crushing in St. Petersburg appeared only two years after Peter's death, it was a flood-up Isaac's bridge. He built every spring from the building of the Senate and Synod to the Menshikov Palace on Vasilyevsky Island and served as Petersburgers to the Icetop.

Going towards the Exchange Committee, in December 1856 on the project of an engineer I.K. Herarda was built by the floodplain from the palace train to the Exchange Square on the Arrow of the Vasilyevsky Island, called the Palace Bridge.

At the same time, three plastics were used with the old Isaacrum, which established cast-iron floor lamps with lanterns in the form of hexagoned pyramids, as well as coastal supports and railings made from wood. At the time of the ice drift and the ice station, the design was understood.

In 1896, the floors bridge was transferred to 53.1 meters below the course of the Neva due to the arrangement of the Square in front of the Western facade of the Winter Palace. On the crossing was laid equestrian railway.

Construction of a permanent palace bridge

The need for a constant crossing arose in the 1880s, but then the urban government was not solved to start such a large and expensive event. In the spring of 1899, the old plastics, who served over 40 years, began to flow and sank, which accelerated the decision on construction.

In April 1901, a contest for design was announced. The commission provided 27 works, including 13 sketching projects created by the architects of St. Petersburg, but none of the works were approved.

The only project, estimated positively, was performed by the French company Batinol, but the designers requested about 5 million rubles for him. The contract for such an expensive work, the Commission did not conclude and announced the second round of the competition, and new conditions were indicated in the terms of development:

• The adjustable span must be in the center of the structure, and its width should be at least 42.67 meters
• The bridge must correspond to the "beauty near the buildings"
• Regarding the constructive solution, it was pointed out that riding should be "at the top".

The second round participants were many famous Russian architects and engineers, including Andrei Pshenitsky and Leontius Benoit, Robert Melzer and Marian Perestyatkovich. The winner of the competition completed in 1909 was the project of architect Andrei Pshenitsky, and the design of the structure was instructed to architect and the artist Robert Melzer.

On February 5, 1911, an agreement was concluded with the Company of Kolomna factories, according to which construction should have been carried out using only domestic materials, forces only Russian workers and engineers and will end to November 15, 1913.

The palace bridge was the most difficult from the engineering point of view. Its construction began in October 1911, however, it was not possible to pass the bridge on time. This prevented a flood, damaged one of the supports under construction, as well as the first world war on which a lot of funds left.

Only at the end of 1916 all engineering structures were ready. Their strength was checked by 34 trucks filled with a load of 600 poods in each. By this time, only temporary wooden railing was installed and wooden flooring, and the design was not yet completed. Despite this on December 23, the palace bridge was opened.

The event was sufficiently modest, since the war went, and a week before Gregory Rasputin was killed. Only a tenth part came from all invited guests to the opening, neither the royal family nor the head of the city was not present.

The length of the structure was 260.1 meters, width - 27.75 meters, the mass of metal span structures - 4,868 tons, counterweights - 2,800 tons.

Despite all the efforts of the authors of the project, they failed to achieve complete harmony. The palace bridge closes the buildings of the Exchange and Zoological Museum, Admiralty and Kunstkamera Tower. But only an experienced architect will be able to see some dissonance in the planning of the construction and the buildings around him. Avoid this, with low shores of the Neva and the condition for creating a high span for ships, it was impossible.

For its history, the palace bridge changed its name once: from 1917 to 1944 he was named republican.

In 1939, wooden railing was replaced with cast-iron with a simple drawing depicting Soviet symbolism - coat of arms and banners, bunches of exchanges and five-pointed stars. The authors of this work are sculptor Igor Krestovsky and architect Lion Socks.

In 1967, the recharge was overhauled, and after 10 years, the reconstruction of the structure was held, during which the rechargeable mechanism and flooring were replaced, and new lanterns were established.

In 1997, under the guidance of an engineer Yuri Petrova, the palace bridge was updated. November 13 of the same year took place solemn ceremony Opening, during which fireworks was arranged on the embankment. The festival was informed about the festival wallet from the Petropavlovsk fortress, and on the bridge at that time a couple danced in ancient costumes. The palace bridge became the third bridge decorated with illuminated, after Trinity and Lieutenant Schmidt.

The last reconstruction was held in 2013, and the movement of transport and pedestrians during the replacement of the designs of the structures was not fully stopped.

Main characteristics

• Length - 250 meters
• Width - 27.73 meters
• The width of the sidewalks is 2.82 meters, the width of the roadway - 21.97 meters
• Number of spans - 5, adjustable span is in the center
• The height of the arch over the water is 6.3 meters, with diluted wings - 30 meters
• The number of strips for the movement of vehicles -6.

The palace bridge is located in the heart of St. Petersburg, next to the area where festive events are often held. During some of them, the bridge wings are used as a screen for moving films.

Going to some journey, you are trying to learn something new, see something new or to feel new feelings that did not feel before. Yes, it's often just interesting to know how people live here or survive :) In St. Petersburg, there were such new bridges for me, after, of course :) The most famous divorce bridge of Peter is the Palace Bridge. At night, he looks just great. By the way, it is he who is a symbol of the city of Peter. And the wiring of this bridge is a separate song that you would like to tell. If briefly, everything happened like this:

Palace Bridge - Divorcing Bridge over the Neva River (Grand Neva) in St. Petersburg. Connects the central part of the city (Admiralty Island) and Vasilyevsky Island.

Located on the axis of the palace passage and stock area. The length of the bridge is 250 m (according to other data, 255 m), width - 27.7 m. Consists of five spans.

How to get to the palace bridge?

Today thousands of people pass on the bridge. Tourists come here in order to take pictures against the background of the famous Petropavlovsk Fortress or Hermitage. Many ask the address of the palace bridge and the way to get to it. There are several options. From the metro station Admiralteyskaya, you need to turn left, reach the intersection, and then right to Nevsky Prospect and left again. From the metro station Nevsky Prospect will have to walk to the Palace Square and then to the bridge. Coming out of the subway at Vasileostrovskaya station, you need to turn right and go to the Makarov promenade along the middle avenue, and then right before the arrows of the Vasilyevsky Island. From there you will fall on the palace bridge.

Palace bridge on the map of Petersburg.

The bridge was received by the Winter Palace and Palace Embankment located next to him. With the arrival of a new government in 1917, the bridge was renamed the republican, in 1944 the historical name was returned.

Divorce of the bridge of the palace

The entire current schedule of the distribution of St. Petersburg bridges here:

And beautiful photos of the divorce of the palace bridge will be further in the text :)

History of the palace bridge from Wikipedia

The question of the filter of a plashing bridge through the Neva on the highway connecting the Admiralty Island with Vasilyevsky near the Winter Palace, apparently discussed in the government at the end of the 20s and 30s of the XIX century.

In 1853, Nicholas I satisfied the request for representatives of the merchants about the movement of St. Isaac Plischoite Bridge to the Winter Palace for Direct and Constant Communication with Exchange and other agencies of the trading port. Bridge installation project on new highway Developed an engineer I. K. Gerard. The implementation of the bridge with wooden coastal supports and the same periods was adopted. On the bridge, cast-iron artistic casting floor lamps were installed on the bridge, which are rods with developed bases on pedestals, crowned with lanterns in the form of truncated hexagon pyramids. Spaning structures were submerged construction. The new bridge includes 3 plastics from Old Isaacevsky. For the implementation of the project went over three years. The movement of St. Isaac's bridge was completed only on December 10, 1856. During the periods of the ice drift and the Lostava, the bridge was divorced.

In 1896, the floors was transferred downstream by 53.25 m to the place where the constant bridge was later erected later. The transfer was associated with the decision to create a landscaped area in front of the Western facade of the Winter Palace. The work on the possession of a plashing bridge, started in the winter of 1896, ended on December 23, 1897; In a solemn atmosphere, the bridge was consecrated and opened to move transport and pedestrians.

On April 21, 1899, several plashcoats of the bridge were sank, the bridge repair continued until May 13 of the same year:

April 21, at 9½ o'clock in the morning, in the grooves of Plashkutov №№11 and 12 of the Dvorodovago Bridge formed to flow, after which the ride on the bridge was discontinued and proceeded to the pumping of water from the plastered plasters; Despite however, at a timely adopted measures, after the ¼ hour, the plash for №11 sank, from which the movement had to be closed and pedestrian To save the rest of the tough plasters of the bridge, steamers with waterproof pumps were caused, but all efforts were unsuccessful: in 1½ hour. Day Plashkuta Nos. 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 sunk. The palace bridge from the water was raised, and only on May 13, a carriage and pedestrian movement restored.

In 1912, after the start of construction of a permanent bridge, the flood bridge was postponed to the Senate Square, where he was in 1916, until he burned down from the spark of the tug.
In 1882. public organizations And many homeowners appealed to the city council with a request to replace the Palace Plashny Bridge permanent. The provision of the bridge, difficult hydrogeological conditions of the bridge and shipping requires a complex problem, the solution of which caused great difficulties that caused great difficulties to the urban-planning attitude.

The Commission of the Society of Civil Engineers, who was entrusted to correct the contest condition developed by the St. Petersburg government, noted that the "nearest task of competitors should be the creation artistic work, decent environment and the meaning of this paragraph of the Russian capital, provided that the design is rational in all respects. " In April 1901, a competition was announced for the construction of two permanent bridges, palace and more. The competitive commission of judges - experts included leading engineers-Mostoviki: N. A. Belelyubsky, S. K. Kunitsky, N. Soloviev, N. N. Mitinsky, V. E. Timonov. The Academy of Arts represented Professor of Architecture A. N. Pomerances

The competition received 27 sketch projects of the palace bridge and one outside the contest project of architect A.I. Kovserova, but no project was adopted by the Commission. The competition was extended until May 1904. 19 more projects were granted. At the same time, expert comments were taken into account in the new versions - the rejection of the span structures with the ride and placement of the divorce flight in the middle of the river. The project of the Batignol Company was most successful (according to the project of which the Trinity Bridge was built) is a symmetric five-span bridge with a divorce span, located in the middle of the river. The side spans overlapped by the farms of the cantilever type with the curvilinear outlines of the lower belts. The Russian-Japanese War, the 1905 revolution and the next events caused a break in the design of the palace bridge.

In April 1908, the issue of the bridge highway was discussed. For the new bridge, the route of St. Isaac, a floating bridge, against the arch of the Admiralty building; against the source of the winter groove (after concluding it in the underground tube) with an entry into the bridge under the Arch of the Hermitage Theater; On the axis Moshkov Per. etc. However, the real results did not give this discussion.

By the spring of 1908, the Commission of Experts developed new "technical conditions for the preparation of a project of a permanent palace bridge." The significant difference between the new "technical conditions for drawing up a project of a permanent palace bridge", approved by the City Duma on September 24, 1908, from the 1901 Competition Program was, firstly, the placement of an adjustable span in the "middle part Rivers "and its width was established at least 42.67 m (in the contest program of 1901, the placement of the recording part was not limited, and the width was required only 32 m). Secondly, the requirement that the bridge correspond to "beauty near the buildings" was significantly corrected by the fact that the choice of a constructive decision was limited to: "The bridge should be with a ride at the top" (in the 1901 competition program, it was indicated that "the bridge system seems to be The discretion of the design ").

The competition received 9 projects. Projects provided the Board of Societies of Kolomensky, Putilovsky, Sormovsky Plants; architect Imperial yard A. N. Benua, with collaboration with architect M. M. Perestyatkovich (from the St. Petersburg Metal Plant); Society "Batignol".

The best project of the Batignol Company and the project of the Society of Kolomna Plants, compiled by a prominent St. Petersburg engineer A. P. Pshenitsky, were recognized as the best. Member of the Commission of Experts Professor of the Academy of Arts Architect A. N. Pomerantsev wrote about the draft PSHATYSTO: "The overall impression of the entire line of the bridge is calm. Architectural processing of ustolev bridge is simple, serious and good. "

The conservation of the Society of Kolomna Plants was adopted. Architectural decoration by order of the President of the Academy of Arts was instructed by architect R. F. Melzer. He developed a very magnificent and pompous design: the railing of a complex pattern with "chased double-sided decorations of thick sheet iron", decorative eaves with "cartouchers made of thick iron", eight lights with iron decor forged, etc. On the wide supports of the adjustable span, it was supposed to put four large lights-beacons with a height of 14 sages, which included lifting machines for people and balconies around the lanterns. The base of the lanterns was decorated with a complex sculpture, ornaments, cartouches, imperial eagles.

On February 5, 1911, an agreement was signed with the Company of Kolomna factories, according to which the construction of the bridge and its tests should have been completed by November 15, 1913, it was determined that all work should be carried out from domestic material by Russian workers and Russian engineers.

Despite the "highest approval" of the draft discussion about the architectural design of the bridge continued. The expert commission rejected large lanterns-towers offered for bulls of the adjustment span. Architect A. E. Zhiebers expressed concerns that conceived towers, "forming a new architectural mass among the space free of time over the river, causing a calm-majestic type of granite embankments in connection with the surrounding architecture," may thus have an adverse effect on it . According to A. I. Von Gaugen, such towers "in view of their extraordinary colossality, significantly above all the surrounding buildings, not excluding the winter palace," they will be "unseen large and extending all other parts and surrounding structures." It was also noted that lanterns (eight low and four "colossal") created extremely uneven illumination of the bridge. After a repeated discussion, a variant of installation on bulls of the adjustable span of lanterns of increased size without sculpture decoration was agreed. This option was approved by the expert commission, and then on December 29, 1915 received the "highest statement".

The construction of the bridge began at the end of 1911. The cast iron arches made by Kolomensky plant, arrived by water and installed on the spot.

The established deadline for the construction of the bridge (November 1913) to withstand was impossible for many reasons (later the start of the work, the delay in the supply of metal for the arches and difficulties with the delivery of ready-made arches, a prolonged decision of architectural issues). In 1914-1916, the pier with lions was moved from the trace of the bridge to the axis of the Eastern Pavilion of the Main Admiralty. On April 17, 1914, one of the supported supports was damaged during flooding. Beginned first world War At all slowed down the construction. Only by the end of 1916 was ready all engineering design Bridge.

In October 1916, at a meeting of the city Duma, it was decided to open a palace bridge for passage and travel in unfinished form, building "temporary" wooden railing and putting standard cast iron poles for lanterns and wires for the tram. The coating on the permanent spans is the end pavement, and the wooden flooring was laid on the divorce span. On the bridge it was installed wooden periletto fencing, the tops of the supports were trimmed with wood, and instead of granite parapets, plywood were installed on the supports and stuff. On December 17, 1916, the bridge was tested for strength: 34 trucks, each of which had a lot of more than 600 pounds with the cargo, simultaneously drove into the bridge, taking all his spans. The bridge was opened for traffic on December 23, 1916. On the solemn discovery (unlike other bridges built through the Neva) arrived only ten percent of those invited. Even the urban head of Delianov did not come, granting to cut the belt to his deputy Demkin.

Cast-iron periodile lattices appeared only in 1939. These lattices are cast by the sculptor I. V. Krestovsky in drawing of architect L. A. Noskova. Light-decorated lamp poles decorated with eagles decorated with eagles on the supports of the bridge and were not installed.

The bridge was overhauled in 1967. In 1977, the architects of Yu. I. Sinitsy and M. V. Vinnichenko and Engineers T. D. Ivanova, V. I. Botvinnik were reconstructed. Reconstructions were lamps, flooring, adjustable part. In 1997, the bridge was reconstructed under the direction of the engineer Y. Petrov. In 1994, tramways were removed.

By 2008, according to Mostotrest, the Palace Bridge had exhausted its resource. However, its overhaul is postponed before the construction of a new bridge on Vasilyevsky island through a sulfur island, the construction of which was frozen by the will of the new governor.

On the night of September 27, 2009, the bridge divorce at 1.25 was delayed for 50 minutes due to breakdowns of the recruitment mechanism. The incident has become a consequence of "metal fatigue", because last time The bridge was repaired in the 70s ...

Thus, the repair of the palace bridge was started on October 21, 2012, without the construction of the temporary crossings, which significantly complicated the already tense transport situation on Vasilyevsky Island. October 19, 2013 was solemnly opened after reconstruction.

Design of palace bridge

A five-plated metal bridge with a divorce span in the middle. Permanent spans are blocked by two-propheted metal pulp through the farms of the beam-continuous system, with curvilinear belts. The mass of steel structures of 7770 tons (including 2800 tons - counterweight of the adjustable part of the bridge).

The length of the bridge is 250 m (255.05 m), the width of the bridge between the railings is 27.73 m, of which the width of the carriage part is 22.0 m (3 bands for traffic in each direction) and two sidewalks of 2.85 m. Scheme breakdowns for spans: (38,63 + 47,12) + (9.20 + 58.60 + 9.20) + (47,12 + 38.63) m. Shipping envelope 22.0 × 6.3 (30 , 00) m.

Stationary Polystrigations - Two-Pretted Metal Riveted Curvage Farms of the Beanochildren Systems - 38,63 + 47.12 m. In cross section, the broadcast consists of eight major diagonal system farms with a curvilinear lower belt. The cross section of the belts is box, dive and docks. The distance between the main farms is 3.6 m. All farms are in pairs of transverse beams and wind ties. The driving part and sidewalks are made in the form of a metal flooring (tray iron) attached to the top belts of farms and transverse beams, on top of which layer of concrete and coating the roadway.

The adjustable span of a double, revealing system with a hinge attached counterweight and with a fixed axis of rotation, with an electromechanical drive and a hole in the light of 56.6 meters. In the induced position, the span structure works according to the three-stroke arch scheme. Each wing of the adjustable span is balanced by the system of counterweights suspended to its lower part on the hinges through the Strauss system. When the bridge is wiring, the counterweight is descended into the wells of the supports, which are located at a depth of 6.0 meters below the ordinary water in the Neva. In cross section, the broadcast consists of eight major farms of the diagonal system with descending disclosures and a curvilinear lower belt. Sections of elements n-shaped and boxes. Within the length of the wing, the main beams are interconnected by longitudinal and transverse connections. The wing weight is 700 tons, the mass of the counterweights is 1400 tons. The unique recruiting mechanism of the bridge consists of engines, large gears (among which there are solid, preserved from the opening of the bridge) and voluntary counterweights.

The foundations of the left-bank seas and all intermediate supports are constructed on the caissons lowered to a depth of 23.5-25.89 m from the ordinar and filled with cell concrete. The body of the supports is above cutting of caissons concrete and reinforced concrete laying with a granite cladding of a clean tone.

Right-bank stability on a wooden pile base. The body of the support is above the edges of the woodwork - bay laying with granite cladding of pure tesse. At the openings of the right-bank wealth from the riding and the grassroots side are descents to water with vented granite.

Fencing on stationary spans The granite height of 450 mm, on the divorce span the metal height of 400 mm. Road coating on span structures fine-grained asphalt concrete. The coating of sidewalks on the span structures is fine-grained asphalt concrete. On the spans of the bridge, the cast-iron periodile fence of individual art casting is established. On the supports and weights of the bridge, the periodile fence is completed with granite parapets. For lighting and contact network, 16 supports with architectural decor are installed on the bridge and 4 contact network supports on the divorce span.

During the festive events, the bridge wings are used as a screen.
The palace bridge is recognized as a monument to the history and culture of Russia and is included in the appropriate registry (objects of the cultural heritage of the Russian Federation).

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100 Great Sights of St. Petersburg Myasnikov Senior Alexander Leonidovich

Palace Bridge

Palace Bridge

Bridges of St. Petersburg entered the inalienable part of the architectural panorama of the city. To present, without them, Grad Petrov, probably, is just as unthinkable as Moscow without the Kremlin, like New York without skyscrapers or Egypt without pyramids.

Divorced against the background of the sunset Palace Bridge has long been a generally accepted symbol of St. Petersburg.

Palace Bridge connects Vasilyevsky Island, or rather the arrow of the island, with the 2nd Admiralty Island.

By the way, for many years before the construction of the bridge, in 1817, the self-taught engineer of Trading Engineer created a project of a channel under the Neva, which was supposed to tie Palace embankment With Vasilyevsky Island. About the project reported to Alexander I. The emperor got acquainted with the project and left the resolution on it: "Issue to Torgovanov from the office of 200 rubles and oblige him to subscribe, so that I did not deal with the projects, but I practitioned in the fisheries, the state of his characteristic."

Construction of bridges in St. Petersburg is one of the most interesting heads of bridge buildings in Russia. It is important because it was here that the most progressive and economical types of bridges, which then received the development and distribution both in the city and its surroundings, and far beyond it.

In the short historical period in St. Petersburg, exceptionally diverse types of bridges were created. They differ in materials from which they are built, constructive schemes, sizes of flights and many other characteristic features, distinguishing them from bridges in other cities and countries. It was in St. Petersburg that bright architectural forms of bridges were born and the techniques of their artistic finish were produced.

The divorced palace bridge has long been a symbol of St. Petersburg

The history of the palace bridge began in 1882. Then public organizations and many homeowners appealed to the city council with a request to replace the Palace Plashny Bridge permanent. Old plashing bridge relied on flat window ships.

However, only in July 1900, the city government suggested that the Commission on the Supervision of Construction to make technical specifications for the design of the bridge in the order of the International Competition. The competition was declared simultaneously on the projects of the palace and large Oktinsky bridges in 1901. According to competitive conditions, all work must be carried out from domestic materials by Russian workers and Russian engineers. Another provision of the competition was the character of the bridge decor. The decor should reflect the national features of Russian architecture. The bridge should be a monument that reproduce symbolic folk traits - fabulous strength, nobility and courage.

The contest received twenty-seven sketch projects of the palace bridge. All projects demonstrated in the city Duma, according to contemporaries, "produced far from a favorable impression."

The main problem was that after all, after all, the bridge had to be built in the heart of the city, in the most historical part. He had to connect such architectural monuments such as Admiralty, a Winter Palace, Palace Square, with an ensemble of the Arrows of Vasilyevsky Island with Rostral Colons, Exchange, Zoological Museum, Kunstkamera, Academy of Sciences, University. Each of these monuments is associated with the names of the outstanding architects of different eras.

The second round of the competition was announced in the same 1901, and only domestic enterprises took part in this tour.

The struggle for a favorable contract for the construction of a palace bridge lasted about ten years. Finally, in 1911 a contract was signed with the Company of Kolomna factories. Kolomna factories answered the requirement for which all work on the construction of the bridge should be carried out from domestic materials by Russian workers and Russian engineers. The initial version of the six-rolling bridge, suffering from significant disadvantages, thanks to the protests of architects and bridge builders was rejected. In the end, after a long dispute, the project of engineer Andrei Pavlovich Pshenitsky and architect Roman Fedorovich Meltser was chosen, although the authors had to be improved by the authors.

The palace bridge was built for four years, the deadlines for its discovery were constantly postponed due to the lack of funds, which were mainly on weapons and other needs related to the First World War.

The critics did not like the fact that the bridge almost completely blocked the historical buildings on the embankment of Vasilyevsky Island - Kunstkamera, Zoological Museum and the Exchange and partially closed the building of the Admiralty from those who stood on the Arrow of the Vasilyevsky Island. However, this position of the bridge is largely due not to errors of architects, but too low the banks of the Neva in this place. The bridge could well be even higher, but in fact, architects and builders did everything possible so that he would have overshadowed the leather overview as little as possible.

Constructive bridge circuit Simple and clear. It consists of five flights, the average of which is quickly dropped, blocked by a three-coarse arch, and other spans - two flip-cutting continuous plenty buildings with through farms having lower curvilinear belts. Each wing of the adjustable span was balanced by the system of counterweights suspended to its lower part on the hinges. The presentation of the palace bridge gives its technical characteristics: total length - 250 meters, the width of the average, adjustable, span - 57.46 meters, the useful width of the bridge - 27.73 meters; The width of the roadway is 21.97 meters; The width of the sidewalks is 2.82 meters.

The first pedestrians were held on the palace bridge on the day of Christmas - December 25, 1916. Thus, the Palace Bridge became the last bridge built in the Russian Empire.

For soviet power Palace Bridge for some time was called the Republican, but then he was returned to his initial name. Closer to the end of the twentieth century it was partially reconstructed, and his adjoining span was rebuilt. New time required new technical solutions.

There is a legend that the railing of the palace bridge was decorated with images of double-headed eagles and that after the revolution these railing was reset from the bridge to the Neva. However, in fact, nothing like that has never happened.

At the opening of the movement, "temporary" wooden fences were established, by no means distinguished by beauty and grace. The railing of the bridge is very modest - nor two-headed eagles, no other images on them, and only in 1939 they were replaced with cast iron lattices with Soviet symbols: the coat of arms, banners, bunches of exchanges and five-pointed stars. Interestingly, male hubbles that ended average supports were demolished in 1977.