Who supported the Germans of the Second World War from Soviet peoples. What countries, except Germany, were fought from the USSR to the Great Patriotic War? Did you like the material? Subscribe to our email newsletter

When it comes to the World Conflict, somehow it is strange to be interested in those who fought in World War II, because it seems that everyone has taken part. But for obtaining such a status, each person does not have to be involved in the planet, and over the past years it is easily forgotten who and whose side acted in this conflict.

Neutrality countries

It is easier to start with those who preferred to adhere to neutrality. Such countries are as long as 12, but since the main part is small African colonies, it is worth tuping only the "serious" players:

• Spain - contrary to the problem, sympathizing with the Nazis and the Fascists, the regime did not provide real assistance to regular troops;
• Sweden - was able to avoid engaging in military affairs, avoiding the fate of Finland and Norway;
• Ireland - refused to combat the Nazis on a stupid reason, the country did not want to have anything in common with the UK;
• Portugal - adhered to the position of his eternal alliance in the face of Spain;
• Switzerland - preserved loyalty to the expectant tactic and non-interference policy.

There is no speech about the present neutrality - Spain has formed a Division of volunteers, and Sweden did not interfere with its citizens to fight on the side of Germany.

Troika from Portugal, Sweden and Spain were actively traded with all sides of the conflict, sympathetic to the Germans. Switzerland was preparing to repel the offensive of the Nazi army and developed a plan for conducting hostilities on its territory.

Even Ireland did not enter the war only because of political convictions and even greater hatred of the British.

European Allies Germany

On the side of Hitler in hostilities took part:

1. Third Reich;
2. Bulgaria;
3. Hungary;
4. Italy;
5. Finland;
6. Romania;
7. Slovakia;
8. Croatia.

Most of the Slavic countries, from this list, did not participate in the invasion of the Union. What can not be said about Hungary, whose compounds were twice crushed in the Red Army. We are talking o more than 100 thousand soldiers and officers.

Italy and Romania possessed the most impressive infantry corps, which in our land managed to "become famous" except that due to ill-treatment of the civilian population in the occupied territories. Odessa and Nikolaev were located in the zone of Romanian occupation, together with surrounding territories, where the mass destruction of the Jewish population took place. Romania defeated in 1944, Italy's fascist regime was forced to get out of the war in 1943.

About the difficult relationship with Finland, since the war of 1940, you can also not speak. The most "weighty" contribution is the closure of the Ring of the Leningrad blockade from the North side. Finns were defeated in 1944 as Romania.

USSR and its allies in Europe

Against the Germans and their allies in Europe performed:

• Britannia;
• THE USSR;
• France;
• Belgium;
• Poland;
• Czechoslovakia;
• Greece;
• Denmark;
• Netherlands;

Given the losses and freed territories - not to include Americans in this list would be incorrect. The main strike accepted Soviet Union, together with Britain and France.

For each of the countries, the war had its own form:

1. The United Kingdom tried to cope with permanent beats of enemy aviation at the first stage and with rocket blows from continental Europe - on the second;
2. The French army was broken with the striking speed, and only a partisan movement was introduced as a significant contribution to the final result;
3. The Soviet Union has become the biggest losses, the war was massive battles, constant deviations and an offensive, the struggle for each block of land.

The West Front, an open US, contributed to the acceleration of the rate of liberation of Europe from the Nazis and retained millions of lives of Soviet citizens.

War in the Pacific

On the Pacific Ocean Fought:

• Australia;
• Canada;
• THE USSR.

Allies opposed Japan, with all its own spheres of influence.

In this conflict, the Soviet Union entered at the final stage:

1. Ensured the transfer of land forces;
2. Broke the Japanese army remaining on the mainland;
3. Contributed to the capitulation of the empire.

The Red Army soldiers managed in battles were able to smash the entire Japanese group, devoid of supply paths.

The main battles in previous years took place in the sky and on the water:

• Bombing of Japanese cities and military bases;
• Attacks on caravans of ships;
• Six battleships and aircraft carriers;
• Battle for the resource base;
• The use of a nuclear bomb in the civilian population.

Given the geographical and topographic features, no large-scale surrounding operations of speech went. All tactics concluded:

1. In control over the key islands;
2. Clipping paths;
3. Restrictions of the enemy in resources;
4. Knocking out airfields and parking of ships.

The chances of winning the Japanese from the first day of the war were very ghostly. Despite the success due to the surprise and the unpretentiousness of Americans lead martialctions Over the ocean.

How many countries participating in the conflict

Exactly 62 countries. Not one more, not one less. So many participants in World War II. And this is from 73 states that have existed at that time.

Such involvement is explained:

• Brewing crisis in the world;
• Involvement of "large players" areas of their influence;
• The desire to solve economic and social problems by the military way;
• The presence of numerous union contracts between the participants of the conflict.

You can list all of them, designate the side and years of active actions. But this amount will not be remembered and the next day will not leave after itself and the trace. Therefore, it is easier to designate the main participants and explain their contribution to the occurrence of a catastrophe.

The results of the Second World War have long been listed:

1. The guilty are found;
2. Military criminals are punished;
3. The corresponding conclusions are made;
4. Created "Memory Organization";
5. Forbidden fascism and Nazism in most countries;
6. Reparations and debts on the supply of equipment and weapons are paid.

The main task is not repeat something like that .

Today, even schoolchildren know who fought in World War II and what consequences this conflict had for the world. But too many myths that need to be dispelled.

Video about military conflict participants

In this video, all the chronology of the events of the Second World War, which countries have taken:

Collaborationism during the Great Patriotic War Was common phenomenon. According to historians, the enemy was moved to one and a half million Soviet citizens. Many among them were representatives of the Cossacks.

Uncomfortable topic

Domestic historians reluctantly raise the question of the Cossacks on the side of Hitler. Even those who affected this topic tried to emphasize that the tragedy of the Cossacks of the Second World War was closely intertwined with the Bolshevik genocide of the 20s and 30s. Justice should be noted that in the overwhelming majority Cossacks, despite the claims to soviet power, preserved loyalty to the Motherland. Moreover, many Cossacks-emigrants occupied an anti-fascist position, taking part in the movements of resistance of various countries.
Among those who swore to the loyalty to Hitler, were Astrakhan, Kuban, Teresk, Ural, Siberian Cossacks. But the vast majority of collaborators among the Cossacks made up residents of the Don Land.
Cossack police battalions were created in the territories occupied by the territories, the main task of which was the fight against partisans. So, in September 1942, near the Famot of the Wheat Stannel Lugansk district of the Cossacks-Politsai, together with the punitive detachments, Gestapo succeeded in defeating partisan detachment Under the command of Ivan Yakovenko.
Often the Cossacks performed as the warders of prisoners of the Red Army. In German comdants, there were also Cossack hundreds who performed police tasks. Two such hundreds don Cossacks Placed in the village of Lugansk and two more - in Krasnodone.
For the first time, the proposal to form Cossack parts to fight the partisans put forward by the officer of the German counterintelligence Baron von Clayst. In October 1941, GMAN-STARTARMASTER GENERAL MANTERA, Eduard Wagner, having studied this proposal, allowed commander of the commander of the North Army groups, "Center" and "South" to form Cossack parts from prisoners of war to use them in the fight against the partisan movement.
Why the formation of the Cossack units did not meet opposition from the NSDAP functionaries, and, moreover, encouraged german authorities? Historians answer that this is due to the doctrine of the Fuhrer, who did not refer the Cossacks to the Russians, considering them by a separate people - the descendants of the sharp.

Oath

One of the first to the version of the Wehrmacht entered the Cossack part under the command of Kononov. On August 22, 1941, Major Rkka Ivan Kononov declared his decision on the transition to the enemy and offered everyone to join him. Thus, Major, officers of his headquarters and several dozen Red Army regiments were in captivity. There, Kononov reminded that he was the son of Cossack Esaul, hanged by the Bolsheviks, and expressed his readiness to cooperate with the Nazis.
The Perekny Cossacks Perevinently Followed us did not miss the case and tried to demonstrate their loyalty to the Hitler's regime. On October 24, 1942, a "Cossack parade" was held in Krasnodon, which the Don Cossacks showed their dedication to the command of the Wehrmacht and the German administration.
After the prayer for the health of the Cossacks and the ambulance letter of the German army, a welcoming letter was read by Adolf Hitler, where, in particular, it was said: "We, Don Cossacks, the remains of those who survived from the cruel Jewish-Stalinsky terror, fathers and grandchildren, sons and brothers killed in a fierce struggle With Bolsheviks, helmet you, the great commander, a brilliant statesman, the builder of the new Europe, the liberator and a friend of the Don Cossacks, his hot Don Cossack hello! "
Many Cossacks, including those who do not share admiration for the Führer, nevertheless welcomed the Reich policy aimed at opposing the Cossacks and Bolshevism. "What are the Germans, there will be no worse," such statements were heard very often.

Organization

The general guidance on the formation of the Cossack parts was entrusted to the head of the Main Directorate of the Cossack Troops of the Imperial Ministry of Eastern Occupied Territories of Germany, General Peter Krasnova.
"Cossacks! Remember, you are not Russian, you are the Cossacks, independent people. Russians are hostile to you, - did not get tired of reminding the general with his subordinates. - Moscow has always been the enemy of the Cossacks, pressed them and exploited. Now the time has come when we, the Cossacks, we can create our own life independent of Moscow. "
As Krasnov noted, the widespread cooperation of the Cossacks with the Nazis began in the fall of 1941. In addition to the 102nd Volunteer Cossack part of Kononov, a Cossack intelligence battalion of the 14th Tank Corps, a Cossack intelligence squadron of the 4th Security Scope and a Cossack sabotage squad and a Cossack sabotage squad during the German special services were also created by the headquarters.
In addition, since the end of 1941 as part german army Cossack hundreds began to appear regularly. In the summer of 1942, the cooperation of Cossacks with the German authorities entered the new phase. From this time, large Cossack compounds - shelves and divisions began to be created as part of the troops of the Third Reich.
However, it should not be thought that all the Cossacks passed towards the side of the Wehrmacht retained the faithfulness of the Führer. Very often, the Cossacks alive or entire divisions moved to the side of the Red Army or adjacent to the Soviet partisans.
An interesting case occurred in the 3rd Kuban shelf. One of the persons sent in the Cossack german officers, making a review of hundreds, caused the Cossack with something that did not like him. The German first read it strictly, and then hit the face with a glove.
The insulted Cossack silently took out his checker and drove the officer. The studied German authorities immediately built a hundred: "Who did it, step forward!" Stepped all hundred. The Germans thought and decided to write off the death of their officer to the partisans.

Numbers

How many Cossacks for the entire period of the war fought on the side of Hitler Germany?
According to the order of the German command of June 18, 1942, all prisoners of war, which were the Cossacks on the origin and those who considered themselves such, should be sent to the camp in the city of Slavuta. By the end of June, 5826 people focused in the camp. It was decided to begin the formation of the Cossack parts from this contingent.
By mid-1943, there were about 20 Cossack regiments of different staffing and a large number of Small units whose total number reached 25 thousand people.
When, in 1943, the Germans began to retreat, together with the troops hundreds of thousands of Don Cossacks with their families moved. According to experts, the number of Cossacks exceeded 135,000 people. After the end of the war in the territory of Austria, the Allied troops were detained and transferred to the Soviet area of \u200b\u200boccupation a total of 50 thousand Cossacks. Among them was general Krasnov.
The researchers were calculated that in the Wehrmacht, parts of Waffen-ss and in the auxiliary police during the war years, at least 70,000 Cossacks were served, most of which were Soviet citizens who had passed towards Germany during the occupation.

According to the historian Kirill Alexandrova, military service On the side of Germany in 1941-1945, approximately 1.24 million USSR citizens were carried: among them 400 thousand - Russians, including 80 thousand in the Cossack formations. Political analyst Sergey Marcedonov suggests that among these 80 thousand only 15-20 thousand were not the Cossacks by origin.

Most of the Cossacks issued by allies received a long time in the gulag, and the Cossack of the Top, speaking on the side of the Nazi Germany, by the sentence of the USSR Supreme Court of the Supreme Court, expected the death penalty.

On the eve of the Victory Day, I remember not only friends, but also enemies. The Red Army had to fight not only with the German Wehrmacht, but also with a whole Horde from the Allied Hitler of the armies and the national parts represented at least half of Europe.
We will show only some of them.

The most western military ally of Hitler was formally neutral Frankist Spain, which sent the Volunteer Blue Division to the Eastern Front:

Also, a rather stubborn enemy was for the Red Army of Hungary, who sent several divisions to the southern sector of the Soviet-German front.

Hungarian soldiers, 1941:

Hungarian soldier in Budapest, 1939:

One of the most numerous armies who fought on the side of Hitler was Romanian. Romanians participated in the siege of Odessa and reached the Germans to Stalingrad, where they were entrusted to cover the flanks of the Poules Army.
Romanian infantry around 1943:

The largest size of the satellite armies was Italian, but it did not differ in transpassality.
Already in July 1941, Mussolini agreed to send Italian troops to Russia, where they did not finish their way in the snow under Stalingrad. The surviving Italians were withdrawn home in April 1943.

Bulgaria was the enemy in the village, but her army was not sent to fight to Russia. It was the only ally of Germany who did not fight against the USSR, despite all the guitler's persuasion.

Bulgarian soldiers, March 1941:

Nevertheless, Bulgaria's participation in the occupation of Greece and Yugoslavia and military actions against the Greek and Yugoslav partisans released German divisions to send to the eastern front. In addition, on December 6, 1941, Bulgarian guard ships were drowned by Soviet submarine Sh-204 in the Varna region.

Bulgarian soldier, March 1941:

In addition to the regular armies of satellite countries, a lot of national parts from the occupied states and territories were fought on the side of Hitler, which would have to be listed for a very long time.

Among the most famous - Latvian Legion Waffen-SS:

But the soldiers from the Legion of the French volunteers in Smolensk, 1941:

It is known that they were even specially dragged to the Borodino field, in the area of \u200b\u200bwhich heavy battles were waggered in the autumn of 1941.

In addition to national combat units were all sorts of divisions of policemen and collaborators, some "dedication of self-defense", etc. formations, actively fought with partisans and helped Germans to terrorize civilians Occupied territories.

At this picture captured the police in Kiev in the fall of 1941:

And this is a certain Albanian "volunteer" who served the Germans:

In total, these were millions of bayonets that fought far from always worse than the Germans.

What did the USSR and Europe gave the Molotov-Ribbentrop Covenant?

First of all, we note that I.V. Stalin this package at the diplomatic level was brilliantly won two strategically important battles: the battle for space and battle during time. The only question is that it meant for the USSR on the one hand and, for inspirers and the Allies of Hitler, on the other. It is here that the sign differences and the unlawful interests of the Parties: the peoples of the USSR and the West, who did not change their essence even today, after the collapse of the USSR.

And then it becomes apparent that Stalin himself clearly spent clearly in front of Hitler "Red Dam", which brown jackal could now not disrupt unpunished. Thus by himself, putting a barrier of Hitler's aggression against the peoples of Western Ukraine, Western Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Bessarabia and North Bukovina. In the language of the military, this is also the winning of the strategic space in the theater of possible hostilities.

But the USSR was pushed by this package not so much their borders, on which very diligently hints to us, as on the "seizing other people's territories", how long the time was delayed ... Wars. What came to the West something destructive, from here and tragic in their plans.

"Time", and it is necessary to talk about it today clearly and loud, appointed by Hitler Great Britain, France and the USA, i.e. West, to attack the USSR! And Stalin, it turns out, this package just beat the West and put them on top of each other as a dog?!

And then, again, another important question arises in a tough connection: and when, actually, the Second World War began? It is customary to be the date of its start - September 1, 1939! Allow, it's still why?

Here is a dry chronicle of those years: in 1935, Italy attacked Abyssinia and occupied it. In the summer of 1935, Germany and Italy organized military intervention in Spain. In 1937, Japan invaded the North and Central China, took Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai. In early 1938, Germany seized Austria, and the sudden region of Czechoslovakia. At the end of 1938, Japan captured Canton, and at the beginning of 1939 - Hainan Island. Germany in March 1939 occupied the remains of Czechoslovakia and the Memelsky region of Lithuania. Is it too much blood sheds for "peacetime"?

It is created or artificially created such an impression that the date of attack on Poland and was chosen in order to link the second world War With the Molotov Ribbentrop Covenant?

Who is done and the main thing why, now it becomes clearer. If we consider that such ideological battles London - the author and inspirer of this lowness, always plans to be ahead of ... decades.

This is the "bleeding wound-offended" of the West. Therefore, they hurry to rewrite the story today, equating Stalinism to Nazism. In order to shift the responsibility for its historical crime against humanity in the USSR and her leader I.V. Stalin.
And the last, enough, enough of the 27 million dead here.
http://www.liveinternet.ru/users/2503040/post125482273/

Anatoly Lemysch 02.22.2011 2017

Russian Corps and SS Division

Russian Corps and SS Division

15th (Cossack) Cavalry Corpus COP
29th Grenadier Division SS
30th SS Grenadier Division
1001st Grenadier Regiment Abver

Even the Nazis were shocked by the "exploits" of Russian SSSs from the 29th division when suppressing the Warsaw uprising - at the time when other Russian soldiers, in Red Army uniform, were indifferent to the opposite shore of the Vistula for the agony of the doomed city. The 29th SS Russian Division has earned such an odious reputation that the Germans were forced to disband her.

Soviet propaganda walked to any lie to divert from the blatant fact: more than a million Soviet citizens participated on the part of Germany. This corresponded to the standard number of approximately 100 rifle divisions

So, in Russia, with its traditional cult of patriotism, after twenty years of the domination of the Bolsheviks on the side of the external aggressor, several times fought more citizens than in all the White Guard armies combined. The centuries-old history of the country, and indeed the history of the wars still did not know. Not even remotely like this was not in one other participating country in World War II.
This is what you need more often to remind politicians and the clogs that trying to present Stalinskin almost a legitimate form of the existence of the Russian state.

By the end of 1942, Russian battalions with numbers fought as part of the German army:
207,263,268,281,285,308,406,412,427,432,439,441,446,447,448,449,456,510,516,517,561,581,582,601,602,603,604,605,606,607,608,609,610,611,612,613,614,615,616,617,618,619,620,621,626,627,628,629,630,632,633,634,635,636,637,638,639,640,641,642,643,644,645,646,647,648,649,650,653,654,656,661,662,663,664,665,666,667,668,669,674,675,681.

Only after defeat under Stalingrad, German leaders began the formation of volunteer Divizions of the SS and by the beginning of 1944. Ukrainian, Lithuanian and two Estonian divisions of Waffen SS were formed.

Maybe there is enough p ** about the division "Galica" in the 44th, when Russian SS battalions fought in the 42nd against us?
Stalin's telegram after the end of the Polish campaign read: "Friendship of Germany and the Soviet Union, based on joint spilled blood, has perspectives to be long and durable
Prior to Ocho in Russia, the monument recently Noviy Vіdkrili (though you are looking at Scho in Yakutії), I think the Yakscho "Pille Schawaє" then І nearly to Chervonozoano Zbutyut ...
Alya Dude Ridko, scho same to the cigarette BBB SAMR SRSR "Tіsno Spіvdіyati from National Social Socyalіstikyu Velikonіmechchinyu, Shaho Pіd Wire Adolf Gіtler"

From the speech of V.Molotov in the Kremlin, April 1940, we transmit the most hearttive congratulations to the Soviet government about the magnificent success of the German Wehrmacht. Guderian's tanks broke out to the sea at Aberville on the Soviet fuel, the German bombs that were counted with the land of Rotterdam, were styled by the Soviet Pyroxiline, and the shells of bullets who hit the British soldiers who retired to the boats from Dunkirk were cast from the Soviet copper-nickel alloy .. .

Devious Nіyak can not be returned. 60 (Sh_stsyat) Rockіv Yak BBB Zakіnch. Ukrainian Tіlki 14 (Chotiradset) Rockiv inelected Power. Yaku Krai "sradi" warriors in 40-45 rocks? Chi Mozhe's wings all the same for not fighting?

Vlasovov should not be perceived as a national movement, they are rather an internal opposition to the Stalinist regime. We should look for analogies on the Baltic States and Western Belarus. Again, as in Z.U., the oppositionity of totalitarianism intensified the objectives of national self-determination, especially in the Baltic States.

Cossack parts 1941-1943
The appearance of the Cossacks of the Cossacks as the reputation of the Cossacks as irreconcilable fighters against Bolshevism, which was conquered in the most expensive Civil War. In the early autumn of 1941 from the headquarters of the 18th Army to the General Staff ground Forces Received a proposal to form special parts from the Cossacks to combat soviet partisans, the initiator, which pressed an officer of the army counterintelligence Baron von Clayst. The offer received support, and on October 6, the General Staff General General Lieutenant General E. Wagner allowed commander of the rear areas of the North Army Groups, Center and South to form by November 1, 1941, with the consent of the relevant headquarters of the SS and Police - As an experiment - Cossack parts from prisoners of war to use them in the fight against partisans.
The first of these parts was organized in accordance with the order of the Commander of the Non-Zhenkandorf Army Group Commander, General Von Schönkendorf dated October 28, 1941, it was a Cossack squadron under the command of the Major of the Red Army Major of the Red Army. Kononov. During the year, another 4 squadron was formed by the command of the rear district and, by September 1942, under the post of Kononov, there was 102th (from October - 600 s) Cossack Division (1, 2, 3rd horse squadrons, 4, 5, 6th plastic companies, machine-gun company, mortar and artillery batteries). The total number of division was 1799 people, including 77 officers; It was in service with 6 field guns (76.2-mm), 6 anti-tank guns (45-mm), 12 mortars (82 mm), 16 machine guns and a large number of manual machine guns, rifles and automata (mainly of Soviet production) . Throughout 1942-1943. The division divisions led a tense fight against partisans in the districts of Bobruisk, Mogilev, Smolensk, Bridge and Polotsk.
From the Cossack Sothey, formed in the Army and Corps headquarters of the German 17th Army, the order of June 13, 1942 was formed a Cossack cavalry regiment "fees". It has 5 equestrian squadrons, a heavy weapon squadron, an artillery battery and a spare squadron. The regiment commander was appointed Major Wehrmacht E. Tomsen. From September 1942, the regiment was used to protect work on the restoration of Maykop oil hydroprisses, and at the end of January 1943 he was transferred to the Novorossiysk area, "He carried the guard of the sea coast and at the same time he participated in the operations of the German and Romanian troops against partisans. In the spring of 1943, he defended the "Kuban prevention fortification", reflecting the Soviet marine landings northeast to Temryuk, while at the end of May was not filmed from the front and entered into the Crimea.
The Cossack Cavalry Regiment "Jungshults", formed in the summer of 1942, as part of the 1st Tank Army of the Wehrmacht, wore the name of his commander - Lieutenant Colonel I. Von Yungshulza. Initially, the regiment had only two squadrons, one of which was purely German, and the second consisted of the Cossacks-dedication. Already at the front, two Cossack hundreds of local residents were included in the regiment, as well as a Cossack squadron, formed in Simferopol and then overwhelmed into the Caucasus. As of December 25, 1942, the regiment consisted of 1530 people, including 30 officers, 150 Unter-Officers and 1350 ordinary, and had 6 manual and machine gunners, 6 mortars, 42 anti-tank guns, rifles and automata. Since September 1942, Yungshultz Regiment operated on the left flank of the 1st Tank Army in the Achikulak area - Budennovsk, taking active participation In battles against Soviet cavalry. After the order of January 2, 1943, the general retreat of the regiment was rejected into the north-west in the direction of the village of Egorlykskaya, until he was connected with the parts of the 4th Tank Army of the Wehrmacht. In the future, he was subordinate to the 454th Security Division and was overdone in the rear area of \u200b\u200bthe Don Army Group.
In accordance with the order of June 18, 1942, it was necessary to send all prisoners of war, which were the Cossacks by origin and considered themselves as such, in Slavuta. By the end of the month already 5826 people were concentrated here, and it was decided to form the Cossack corps and the organization of the relevant headquarters. Since among the Cossacks, the lack of senior and secondary team composition was acute, in the Cossack parts began to type former commanders of the Red Army who were not the Cossacks. Subsequently, at the headquarters of the formation, the 1st Cossack named after Ataman Count Platov, Junkers School, as well as a non-commissioned officer school was opened.
From the cash of the Cossacks, first of all, 1 -th Ataman Regiment was formed under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Baron Von Wolf and a special half-length intended for the performance of special tasks in the Soviet rear. After checking the arriving replenishment, the formation of the 2nd Lab Cossack and the 3rd Don Regiment began, and after them - the 4th and 5th Kuban, 6th and 7th consolidated Cossack regiments. On August 6, 1942, the formed Cossack parts were translated from the Slavutin camp in Shepetovka in specially designated barracks.
Over time, the work on the organization of the Cossack parts in Ukraine has acquired a planar character. The Cossacks found in German captivity were concentrated in one camp, from which, after appropriate treatment, they were sent to the backup parts, and already from there were transferred to the formed shelves, divisions, detachments and hundreds. Cossack parts were originally used exclusively as auxiliary troops for the protection of prisoners of war camps. However, after they proved their suitability for the performance of a variety of tasks, their use has become different. Most of the Cossack regiments formed in Ukraine were involved in the protection of automotive and railways, other military facilities, as well as in the fight against the partisan movement in Ukraine and Belarus.
Many Cossacks joined the German army, when the coming parts of the Wehrmacht entered the territory of the Cossack regions of Don, Kuban and Terek. July 25, 1942, immediately after the sessions of Novocherkasska, a group of Cossack officers appeared to representatives of the German command and expressed her readiness "with all their forces and knowledge to help the valiant German troops in the final defeat of Stalin's minions," and in September in Novocherkassk, with the sanctions of the occupation authorities, gathered Cossack gathering, at which the headquarters of the Don Troops was elected (from November 1942, the headquarters of the hiking Ataman) headed by Colonel S.V. Pavlov, who has begun to organize the Cossack parts for the struggle against the Red Army.
According to the order of the headquarters, all the Cossacks that can wear weapons should have come to collect and register. Static Atamans were committed to the registration of the Cossack officers and Cossacks and pick volunteers for organized parts. Each volunteer could record his last rank in the Russian Imperial Army or in the White Arms. At the same time, the Atamans were to provide volunteers with carved horses, saddles, checkers and outfit. Arms for generated parts has highlighted in coordination with German headquarters and commanders.
In November 1942, shortly before the start of the Soviet counteroffensive under Stalingrad, the German command gave a sanction on the formation in the regions of Don, Kuban and Terek Cossack regiments. So, from the volunteers of the Don Stanz in Novocherkassk, the 1st Don Regiment was organized under the command of Esaul A. V. Shkova and the Plastini Battalion, who made the Cossack Group of Mothering Ataman Colonel S.V. Pavlova. The 1st Sinegore Regiment was also formed on the Don of 1260 officers and Cossacks under the command of the military elder (former Vakhmistra) Zhuravleva. From Cossack Hundreds, formed in the village of the Umansky Department of the Kuban, under the leadership of the military elder, I. I. Salomakh began the formation of 1 -go Cossack Equestrian Shelf, and on the Terek at the initiative of the military elder, N.L. Kulakova - the 1st Volga Regiment of the Terk Cossack troops. In January-February 1943, organized on the Don Cossack shelves in January - February 1943 participated in heavy battles against the coming Soviet troops on the Seversky Donets, near Batay, Novocherkassk and Rostov. Covering the deployment to the West of the main forces of the German army, these parts stable reflected on the Natisk of the superior enemy and suffered heavy losses, and some of them were destroyed entirely.
Cossack parts were formed by the command of army rear districts (2nd and 4th field armies), buildings (43rd and 59th) and divisions (57th and 137th infantry, 203, 213, 403, 444 and 454 - I am defended). In the tank corps, such as in the 3rd (Cossack motorized company) and the 40th (1 and 2/82th Cossack squadron, under the command of the M. Zept), they were used as auxiliary intelligence. In the 444th and 454th security divisions, two Cossack divisions of 700 sabers were formed in each. As part of the 5-thousand Hermann Horse Connection "Boselager", created for the security service in the rear area of \u200b\u200bthe Army Center "Center", served 650 Cossacks, and some of them were a squadron of heavy weapons. Cossack parts were created in the composition of the armies of German satellites operating on the eastern front. At least, it is known that the Cossack squad from two squadrons was formed under the cavalry group "Savoy" the Italian 8th army. In order to achieve proper operational interaction, the formation of individual parts into larger compounds was practiced. So, in November 1942, the four Cossack battalions (622, 623, 624 and 625, previously established 6, 7 and 8th shelf), a separate motorized company (638th), and 623, 624 and 625th, Two artillery batteries were combined into the 360th Cossack regiment headed by the Baltic German Major E.V. Background remedial.
By April 1943, in the composition of the Wehrmacht, about 20 Cossack regiments were numbering from 400 to 1000 people each and a large number of small parts, which had a total of up to 25 thousand soldiers and officers. The most reliable of them were formed from volunteers in the villages of Don, Kuban and Terek or from the dedication in German field connections. The personal composition of such parts was mainly represented by the natives of the Cossack regions, many of whom fought with the Bolsheviks in the years of the Civil War or subjected to repression on the part of the Soviet power in the 1920s and 30s, and therefore were blood interested in the fight against the Soviet regime. At the same time, there were many random people who called themselves the Cossacks only in the ranks of the parts that were found in Slavuta and Shepetovka. In order to escape from the camp of prisoners of war and thereby save their lives. The reliability of this contingent was always under a big question, and the slightest difficulties seriously affected his moral condition and could provoke the transition to the side of the enemy.
In the fall of 1943, some Cossack parts were transferred to France, where they were used on the protection of the Atlantic shaft and in the fight against local partisans. Fate was different. So, the 360th regiment of the background of the renal, placed pinpalonno along the coast of the Biscay Bay (by this time he was renamed the Cossack fortress Grenadier Regiment), in August 1944 he was forced to pass with battles long way To the German border in the territory engaged in the partisans. The 570th Cossack battalion was directed against the Anglo-Americans landed in Normandy and on the first day in full, surrendered. The 454th Cossack Cavalry Regiment, blocked by parts of French regular troops and partisans in the town of Pontalia, refused to capitulate and was almost completely destroyed. The same fate has suffered in Normandy, the 82nd Cossack Division of M. Country.
At the same time, most of those formed in 1942-1943. In the cities of Slavuta and Shepetovka, the Cossack regiments continued to act against the partisans in Ukraine and Belarus. Some of them were reformed into police battalions that wearing numbers 68, 72, 73 and 74th. Others were defeated in winter battles of 1943/44 in Ukraine, and their remnants joined different parts. In particular, the remnants of the 14th consolidated-Cossack regiment defeated in February 1944 were included in the 3rd cavalry brigade of the Wehrmacht, and the 68th Cossack Police Battalion in the fall of 1944 was part of the 30th Grenadier Division of the SS troops (1st Belarusian) sent to the West Front.
After the experience of using the Cossack units at the front proved their practical value, the German command decided to create a large Cossack Cavalry compound as part of the Wehrmacht. On November 8, 1942, at the head of the joint, which was still necessary to form, was appointed Colonel of G. von Pannvitz - a brilliant cavalry boss, and also well-owned by the Russian language. In November, the Soviet attack under Stalingrad prevented a plan for the formation of the connection in November, and it was possible to proceed to its implementation only in the spring of 1943 - after the departure of the German troops on the line of the River Mius and Taman Peninsula and the relative stabilization of the front. The Cossack parts retreating along with the German army with Don and the North Caucasus were collected in the Kherson area and are replenished at the expense of the Cossacks refugees. The next stage was the minimization of these "irregular" parts into a separate military connection. Four shelves were initially formed: the 1st Donskoy, the 2nd Thai, 3rd consolidated-Cossack and 4th Kuban total number of up to 6,000 people.
On April 21, 1943, the German command was ordered about the organization of the 1st Cossack Cavalry Division, and therefore the formed shelves were transferred to Milau's training ground (mlava), where there were still warehouses of the Equipment of Polish Cavalry from pre-war times. The best of the front-line Cossack parts arrived here, such as the shelves of "fees" and "Yungshults", the 1st Atami Regiment of Wolf and the 600th division of Kononov. Created without taking into account the military principle, these parts were disbanded, and their personnel were committed to the shelves for belonging to Donskoy, Kuban and Terek Cossack troops. The exception was the Kononov Division, included in the division as a separate regiment. The creation of the division was completed on July 1, 1943, when the Major General Von Pannvitz was approved by its commander.
The finally formed division was in its composition headquarters with a convoy of a hundred, a group of field gendarmerie, a motorcycle platoon of communication, a propaganda platoon and a spiritual orchestra, two Cossack Cavalry Brigades - the 1st Don (1st Don, 2nd Siberian and 4th Kuban Shelves) and the 2nd Caucasian (3rd Kuban, 5th Don and 6th Terecher Shelves), two equestrian division (Don and Kuban), Depository, Safety Battalion, Communication Department, Real Service Divisions (All Division parts worn number 55).
Each of the regiments consisted of two equestrian divisions (in the 2nd Siberian regiment II Division was scooter, and in the 5th Donskoy - Plastansky) three-stage composition, machine gun, mortar and anti-tank squadrons. According to the staff in the regiment there were 2,000 people, including 150 people of the German personnel. It was in service with 5 anti-tank cannons (50-mm), 14 battalion (81-mm) and 54 rotary (50-mm) mortar, 8 machines and 60 manual MG-42 machine guns, German carbines and automata. Over the state of the shelves were dodged batteries of 4 field cannons (76.2-mm). The equestrian-artillery divisions had 3 batteries of 75-mm guns (200 people and 4 guns in each), an intelligence - 3 scoorded squadron from among the German personnel composition, a squadron of young Cossacks and a penalty area, a sapper battalion - 3 sperm and sperno-building squadrons , and a communication division - 2 escaders of telephones and 1- radio communications.
As of November 1, 1943, the division was 18,555 people, including 3827 German lower ranks and 222 officers, 14,315 Cossacks and 191 Cossack officer. The German pikes were equipped with all the headquarters, special and rear units. All regiments of the regiments (except I.N. Kononov) and divisions (except two) were also Germans, and in each squadron there were 12-14 german soldiers and nonsense officers on business posts. At the same time, the division was considered the most "Russified" from regular connections of the Wehrmacht: commanders of the building equestrian units - squadrons and platforms were Cossacks, and all teams were given in Russian. In the mock, not far from Polygon Milau, a Cossack educational and spare regiment was formed under the command of the Colonel Background Boss, who was carrying the number of the 5th total numbering of the spare parts of the eastern troops. The regiment did not have a permanent composition and consisted at different times from 10 to 15 thousand Cossacks, which constantly arrived from the Eastern Front and the occupied territories and after the relevant training were distributed through the regiments of the division. With a training and spare shelf, a non-commissioned officer school was operating, which was preparing frames for the system parts. The school of young Cossacks was organized here - a kind cadet corpswhere passed military training Several hundred teenagers who have lost their parents.
In the autumn of 1943, the 1st Cossack Cavalry Division was sent to Yugoslavia, where by that time the activities of the Communist partisans under the leadership of I. Broz Tito were noticeably intensified. Due to its large mobility and maneuverability of Cossack parts, the Balkans were better adapted to the mountain conditions and operated here more effectively than the German Landwarm Divisions that have served here. During the summer of 1944, part of the division took at least five independent operations in the mountainous regions of Croatia and Bosnia, during which many partisan reference points destroyed and intercepted the initiative of offensive actions. Among the local population, the Cossacks have gained bad glory. In accordance with the orders of the command of self-sufficiency, they resorted to the props of horses, food and forage in the peasants, which was often poured into mass robbery and violence. The villages whose population was suspected of awareness of the partisans, the Cossacks were compared with the earth with fire and sword.

At the very end of 1944, the 1st Cossack Division had to face the units of the Red Army, trying to connect to the river. Drava with tito partisans. During the fierce fighting, Cossacks managed to apply a heavy defeat to one of the regiments of the 233rd Soviet Rifle Division and force the enemy to leave a previously seated bridgehead on the right bank of the Daream. In March 1945, parts of the 1st Cossack Division (by that time already deployed to the building) participated in the last major offensive operation Wehrmacht during World War II, when the Cossacks successfully acted in the South Face Balaton protrusion of the Bulgarian parts.
The transfer in August 1944 of the foreign national formations of the Wehrmacht was reflected in the fate of the 1st Cossack Cavalry Division. At the meeting held at the beginning of September at the beginning of September, the meeting with the participation of Pannvitsa and other commanders of the Cossack formations was decided to deploy a division, replenished at the expense of parts deployed from other fronts into the body. At the same time, it was assumed to make mobilization among the Cossacks found in the territory of the Cossacks, for which, with the main headquarters of the SS, a special body was formed - the reserve of Cossack troops led by Lieutenant General A.G. Shkuro. General P.N. Krasnov, from March 1944, headed by the Cossack troops created under the auspices of the Eastern Ministry, turned to the Cossacks with a call to rise to the fight against Bolshevism.
Soon, large and small groups of Cossacks and whole military units began to arrive in the Pannvitsa Division. Among them were the two Cossack battalion from Krakow, the 69th police battalion from Warsaw, a factory-fighting battalion from Hannover and, finally, the 360th regiment of the background of the rentelling from the Western Front. The 5th Cossack educational and spare regiment, stationed until recently in France, was moved to Austria (Tsvetler) - closer to the Division Action District. The efforts of the recruitment headquarters created by the reserve of Cossack troops managed to collect more than 2000 Cossacks from the number of emigrants, prisoners of war and the eastern workers, which were also sent to the 1st Cossack Division. As a result, for two months, the number of division (not counting the German personnel composition) increased almost twice.
The Group of Cossacks of the 2nd Siberian Regiment of the 1st Cossack Cavalry Division. 1943-1944
By order of November 4, 1944, the 1st Cossack Division was transferred during the war in submission of the main headquarters of the SS. This transfer concerned primarily the scope of material and technical supply, which made it possible to improve the provision of division with weapons, military equipment and vehicles. So. For example, the artillery regiment of the division received a 105-mm haubitz battery, a sapper battalion - several six-in-law mortars, semoretum-power rifles STG-44. In addition, the division, according to some data, was given 12 units of armored vehicles, including tanks and assault implements.
By order of February 25, 1945, the division was transformed into the 15th Cossack Cavalry Corps of the SS troops. The 1st and 2nd brigades were renamed in the division without changing their numbers and organizational structure. On the basis of the 5th Don Regiment, Kononov began the formation of a two-bedroom brigade with a prospect of deployment in the 3rd Cossack Division began. Conno-artillery divisions in divisions were reorganized into the shelves. The total number of corps reached 25,000 soldiers and officers, including from 3,000 to 5,000 Germans. In addition, at the final stage of the war, together with the 15th Cossack Corps, such formations were operating as the Kalmyk Regiment (up to 5,000 people), the Caucasian equestrian division, the Ukrainian SS battalion and a group of ROA Tankists, including those under the command of the group and lieutenant-general SS (from February 1, 1945), the city of Pannvitsa was 30-55 thousand people.
After the parts collected in the Kherson area were sent to Poland for the formation of the 1st Cossack Cavalry Division, the main center of concentration of the Cossack refugees who left their lands along with the retreating German troops, became the headquarters of the coast of the Trookov S. V. Pavlov settled in Kirovograd . By July 1943, up to 3000 Donets gathered here, of which two new shelves were formed - the 8th and 9th, which were probably the overall numbering with the shelves of the 1st Division. To prepare the command staff, it was planned to open an officer school, as well as school of tankers, but it was not possible to realize these projects because of the new Soviet offensive.
In late afternoon of 1943, 18,000 Cossacks were already in submission of Pavlov, including women and children who formed the so-called Cossack Stan. The German authorities recognized Pavlov by the hiking attack of all the Cossack troops and were committed to providing him with all-time support. After a short stay in Podolia, the Cossack Stan in March 1944 due to the danger of the Soviet environment began movement to the west - to Sandomira, and then railway was transported to Belarus. Here, the command of the Wehrmacht provided 180 thousand hectares to accommodate the Cossacks land Square In the area of \u200b\u200bBaranovichi cities, Slonim, Novogrudok, Yelny, the capital. Remissors in a new place refugee were grouped by belonging to different troops, in districts and departments that externally reproduced the traditional system of Cossack settlements.
At the same time, a wide reorganization of the Cossack system parts were taken, combined in 10 hiking regiments of 1200 bayonets each. The 1st and 2nd Don regiments were the 1st Brigade of the Colonel Silkin; 3rd Donskoy, 4th Cossack, 5th and 6th Kuban and 7th Tern - 2nd Brigade of Colonel Vervetov; The 8th Don, 9th Kuban and the 10th Terek-Stavropol - 3rd Brigade of the Colonel of Medinsky (later the composition of the brigades changed several times). Each regiment was in its composition 3 of the plastic battalion, mortar and anti-tank battery. The Soviet trophy weapon provided by German field arsenals was used for their weapons.
The main task set by the Cossacks by the German command was the fight against partisans and ensuring the security of the rear communications of the Center for the Center "Center". On June 17, 1944, during one of the anti-Partisan operations, the campaign atama of the Cossack Stan S.V. was killed. Pavlov. His successor was the military officer (later - Colonel and Major General) T.I. Domanes. In July 1944, due to the threat of a new Soviet offensive, the Cossack Stan was derived from Belarus and focused in the area of \u200b\u200bthe city of Zdunskaya Will in the north of Poland. From here, his transfer began to Northern Italy, where the territory adjacent to the Country Alps with cities of Tolmezzo, Dzemon and Ozoppo was allocated to accommodate the Cossacks. Here, the Cossack Stan entered the submission of the commander of the SS troops and the Police of the Coastal Zone of the Adriatic Sea Ober-Globrenfürera SS O. Globechnik, who instructed the Cossacks to ensure the safety of the lands provided to him.
On the territory of Northern Italy, the system parts of the Cossack became the next reorganization and formed a group of the nationality ataman (called also the hull) as part of two divisions. The 1st Cossacks of a walking division (Cossacks from 19 to 40 years) included the 1st and 2nd Don, 3rd Kuban and the 4th Terek-Stavropol Shelves, transferred to the 1st Don and 2nd Consolidate Plastunsk brigades, as well as staff and transport companies, horseback and gendarm squadron, communication service and armor. The 2nd Cossacks of the Walking Division (Cossacks from 40 to 52 years) consisted of the 3rd Consolidated Plastuna Brigade, which included the 5th consolidated Cossack and 6th Don Regiment, and the 4th Consolidated Plastuna Brigade, which united the 3rd Spare The regiment, the three battalions of the Stan Self-Defense (Donskoy, Kuban and Summary Cossack) and the special detachment of Colonel Grekova. In addition, as part of the Group included the following parts: 1st Cossack Equestrian Regiment (6 Squadors: 1, 2 and 4th Don, 2nd Terco-Don, 6th Kuban and 5th Officer), Ataman Konvoy Equestrian Regiment (5 squadrons), 1st Cossack Junker School (2 Plastunsky companies, Rota of heavy weapons, artbatareus), individual divisions -Ofritis, gendarme and commandant hiking, and also disguised as a special-breeding special Cossack Parachute Sniper School (Special Group "Ataman" ). A separate Cossack group "Savoy", derived to Italy from the Eastern Front, was also attached to the crashing parts of the Cossack, according to some data, and the remains of the Italian 8th Army in 1943
Cossack refugees. 1943-1945
In the armament of the parts of the group of hiking ataman there were over 900 hand and machine guns of different systems (Soviet "Maxim", DP ("Degtyarev Infantry") and DT ("Degtyarev Tank"), German MG-34 and Schwarzlose, Czech "Zbroevka" . Italian "Breda" and "Fiat", French "Gelki" and "Shosh", British "Vickers" and "Lewis", American "Colt"), 95 regular and battalion mortars (mostly Soviet and German production), more than 30 Soviet 45-mm anti-tank guns and 4 field guns (76.2-mm), as well as 2 light armored vehicles, shot down from the partisans and called "Don Cossack" and "Ataman Ermak". Mainly stores and automatic rifles and carbines of Soviet production were used as manual small arms, Soviet, German and Italian car masters. The Cossacks also had a large number of German Faustpatron and the English grenade launchers captured from the partisans.
As of April 27, 1945, the total number of the Cossack Metage was 31,463 people, including 1575 officers, 592 officials, 16,485 non-police officers and ordinary, 6304 non-bloods (women's innumerable and health status), 4222 women, 2094 children under 14 years old and 358 adolescents aged from 14 to 17 years. From the total number of 1430 Cossacks belonged to the emigrants of the first wave, and the rest were Soviet citizens.
In the last days of the war, in view of the approach of the upcoming allies and the activation of actions, the Cossack Stan was forced to leave Italy. In the period April 30 - May 7, 1945, overcoming high-mountain alpine passes, the Cossacks crossed the Italian-Austrian border and were located in the valley of the river. Drava between the cities of Lienz and Oberdrauburg, where the surrender was announced in front of the English troops. Already after the official cessation of hostilities from Croatia, parts of the 15th Cossack Cavalry Corps von Pannvitsa, also prevailing arms before the British, broke into Austria. And less than a month later, on the shores of the Drahn, the tragedy of violent issuance of tens of thousands of Cossacks, Kalmykov and Caucasians, who were waiting for all the horrors of Stalinist camps and special settlements to be taken. Together with the Cossacks, their leaders were issued - generals P.N. Krasnov, his nephew S.N. Krasnov, headed by the headquarters of the Cossack troops, A.G. Schuro, T.I. Domanes and G. von Pannvitz, as well as the leader of the Caucasians Sultan Kechech Gary. They were all convicted in Moscow in a closed trial, held on January 16, 1947, and sentenced to death penalty via hanging.