Presentation on what speech is. Presentation in the Russian language on the topic "types and forms of speech"

Forms of speech
Speech concept
Types of speech
Oral speech
Written speech

The forms of speech are distinguished depending on
which communication channel is used in the process
communication (sight or hearing)
Speech is a historically established form
communication
of people
through
linguistic
structures,
created
on
basis
certain rules.
The speech process presupposes, on one
parties, formation and formulation
thoughts by language (speech) means, and with
on the other hand, the perception of linguistic
designs and their understanding.

Types of speech
External speech
Written
Inner speech
Oral

External speech -
addressed to other people.
Through her man
conveys and perceives
thoughts.
Inner speech: silent
speech to yourself and to yourself,
emerging
v
process
thinking.
Internal
speech
comes from the outside, from its
with the help of processing
images of perception, their awareness
and classification in a certain
system of concepts.

Oral speech:

1.
Oral speech is primary, it arises from a person's need
to say something to another, it serves for direct communication. V
the conditions of oral communication, the listener can guess a lot,
since he usually knows the topic of the conversation, about the unsaid
words he can judge by intonation, facial expressions, gestures of the speaker,
finally, he can ask again about the incomprehensible.
If the writer has the opportunity to improve his text,
then the speaker acts spontaneously, without having enough time to
deliberation, choosing a form of expression on the go.

Oral speech
Monologue
(long
one person's speech)
Dialogue
(conversation between
two persons)
Polylogue
(conversation, conversation
between many
persons)

The rule of oral communication

- Do not repeat what is known from the preceding phrase or
situations. Question: What time is it? In written text means
only that the person who sets it is interested in time, but in different
situations of oral communication, it can be filled with different meanings,
for example,
Isn't it time for you to take your leave? (if addressed
a late guest),
You are late (if addressed to a latecomer for an important
meeting). In this case, the verbal expression will be supplemented
appropriate intonation and facial expressions.

Written speech
2.
- complex analytic-social
activity that involves generating
utterances:
creation
internal
schemes,
choice
words,
grammatical structuring.
Written speech - the ability to combine words into writing for
expressing your thoughts.
The concept of "written speech" includes:
Reading
Letter
Letter - sign system fixations of speech, allowing
transmit information at a distance and fix it in time.
Reading - comprehension of the written, reproduction of the text “about
yourself ”or out loud.

The difference

Oral
Written
Transmitted by sounds
Transferred by graphic
signs - letters
Originated historically
initially
Arose from oral speech
Addressed directly to
to the interlocutor
Addressed to the absent
addressee
Interactive: interlocutor
can affect the flow of speech
The interlocutor cannot influence
on the course of speech
Can't make changes
Editing possible
Accompanied by non-verbal
by means
Accompanied by graphic
signs
Fleeting
There is a durable

• Speech is a set of pronounced or perceived sounds that have the same meaning and the same meaning as the corresponding system of written signs.

Speech is one of the types communication activities human use of language means to communicate with other members of the language community.

• Types of speech

• Internal speech (speech "to oneself") is speech devoid of sound design and proceeding with the use of linguistic meanings but outside the communicative function; internal pronunciation. Inner speech is speech that does not perform the function of communication, but only serves the process of thinking of a particular person. It differs in its structure by its convolution, the absence of secondary members of the sentence. Inner speech can be predicative.

Predictivity is a characteristic of internal speech, expressed in the absence of words in it that represent the subject (subject), and the presence of only words related to the predicate (predicate).

• Inner speech is not accompanied loud sounds, it is “speech minus sound”, not intended for another, inner speech allows “short circuits”, it is often elliptical, it omits what is taken for granted for the user, sometimes it is predicative.

• External speech is a system of sound signals, written signs and symbols used by a person to convey information, the process of materialization of thought.
• External speech can be inherent in:

intonation.

Jargon - stylistic features(lexical, phraseological) language of a narrow social or professional group of people.

Intonation is a set of speech elements (melody, rhythm, tempo, intensity, accent structure, timbre, etc.) that phonetically organize speech and are a means of expression different meanings, their emotional coloring.

• External speech serves communication (although in some cases a person can think aloud without communicating with anyone), therefore, its main feature is the availability of perception (hearing, vision) of other people. Depending on whether sounds are used for this purpose or written signs, distinguish between oral (ordinary spoken speech), written speech and affective

• Oral speech is communication between people by pronouncing words aloud, on the one hand, and listening to them by people, on the other. Depending on the various conditions of communication, oral speech takes the form of either dialogical or monologue speech.

Dialogue is a type of speech that consists in the alternating exchange of sign information (including pauses, silence, gestures) of two or more subjects.

• Dialogue speech is a conversation in which at least two interlocutors participate. Dialogue speech, psychologically the most simple and natural shape speech, arises during direct communication between two or more interlocutors and consists mainly in the exchange of remarks. A reply - an answer, an objection, a remark to the words of the interlocutor - is distinguished by its brevity, the presence of interrogative and motivating sentences, syntactically not expanded constructions.
• Distinctive feature dialogue is the emotional contact of the speakers, their impact on each other by facial expressions, gestures, intonation and timbre of voice.

A monologue is a type of speech that has one subject and is a complex syntactic whole, structurally not at all related to the speech of the interlocutor.

• Monologue speech is the speech of one person for a relatively long time expounding his thoughts or a consistent coherent presentation of a system of knowledge by one person.
• Monologue speech is characterized by:

subsequence

evidence, which ensure the coherence of thought;

grammatically correct formatting;

• Monologue speech is more complicated than dialogue in terms of content and language design and always presupposes enough high level speech development of the speaker.

• Written speech is a graphically designed speech organized on the basis of letter images.
• It is addressed to a wide range of readers,

devoid of situational awareness and

assumes in-depth skills of sound-letter analysis,

the ability to logically and grammatically correctly convey your thoughts,

analyze what has been written and improve the form of expression.

Written speech is aimed primarily at conveying more abstract content. In written speech, a more detailed structure of speech, a different disclosure of the content of thought. In written speech, all essential connections of thought must be revealed and reflected. Written speech requires a more systematic, logically coherent presentation. In written speech, everything should be clear solely from its own semantic content, from its context;

• It is characterized by a very complex compositional and structural organization, which must be specially mastered, and hence the special task of teaching written speech at school. written speech is contextual speech.

• Affective speech is a monosyllabic and limited type of speech based on separate words, very rarely - phrases.
• Such speech is emotionally saturated and intoned (for example, the speech of Ellochka the Cannibal64), there are no grammatical constructions in it.

• Egocentric speech is thinking speech, serving not so much communication as thinking itself. It acts as external in form and internal in its psychological function. Having its original roots in external dialogical speech, it ultimately develops into internal speech. When difficulties arise in a person's activity, the activity of his egocentric speech increases. With the transition from external speech to internal egocentric speech gradually disappears.

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"Presentation on psychology:" Features of external, internal and egocentric speech ""

Features of external, internal and egocentric speech

Work completed:

1st year student

GAOU VO MGPU, IMiEN

Deulina Julia

Types of speech

Egocentric

Internal

Affective

Written

Dialogue

Monologue

Narration

Reasoning

Description

Inner speech

• Inner speech (speech "to oneself") is speech devoid of sound design and proceeding with the use of linguistic meanings, but outside the communicative function; internal pronunciation.
• Inner speech - this is speech that does not perform the function of communication, but only serves the process of thinking of a particular person.
• Inner speech can be predicative.

Internal speech is not accompanied by loud sounds, it is “speech minus sound”, not intended for another, internal speech allows “short circuits”, it is often elliptical, it omits what is taken for granted for the user, sometimes it is predicative.

External speech

Oral speech

• External speech - a system of sound signals, written signs and symbols used by a person to convey information, the process of materialization of thought.
• may be inherent in:

• Oral speech - This is communication between people through pronouncing words aloud, on the one hand, and their perception by ear, on the other.

The main feature -accessibility of perception (hearing, vision) of other people.

Jargon

Stylistic features (lexical, phraseological) of the language of a narrow social or professional group of people.

Intonation - a set of speech elements (melody, rhythm, tempo, intensity, accent structure, timbre, etc.) that phonetically organize speech and are a means of expressing various meanings, their emotional coloring.

Monologue

Dialogue

Reasoning

Narration

Description

Dialogue speech

• Dialogue speech - This is a conversation in which at least two interlocutors participate.
• Dialogue speech, psychologically the simplest and most natural form of speech, arises during direct communication between two or more interlocutors and consists mainly in the exchange of remarks.

A distinctive feature of the dialogue is the emotional contact of the speakers, their influence on each other by facial expressions, gestures, intonation and timbre of the voice.

Monologue speech

• Monologue speech - this is the speech of one person, for a relatively long time expounding his thoughts or a consistent coherent presentation by one person of the system of knowledge.

Monologue speech presupposes a fairly high level of speech development of the speaker.

Monologue speech is characterized by:

subsequence

evidence

grammatically correct formatting

Written speech

• Written speech is a graphically designed speech organized on the basis of letter images.
• Written speech - verbal (verbal) communication using written texts.

addressed to a wide range of readers

Written speech is characterized by a complex compositional and structural organization, which must be specially mastered.

devoid of situational awareness

assumes in-depth skills in sound-letter analysis

Written speech is contextual speech .

the ability to logically and grammatically correctly convey your thoughts

analyze what is written and improve the form of expression

Affective speech

• Affective speech - this is a monosyllabic and limited type of speech, based on individual words, very rarely - phrases.

Affective speech is emotionally saturated and intoned, there are no grammatical constructions in it.

Egocentric speech

• Egocentric speech - This is speech-thinking, serving not so much communication as thinking itself.
• When difficulties arise in human activity, the activity of egocentric speech increases.
• With the transition from external speech to internal egocentric speech gradually disappears.

Thank you for the attention!!!

Sources of information

• Egocentric speech
• Types of speech
• Presentation template
• Peculiarities

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« Speech development children in preschool conditions "

Speech is a great gift of nature, thanks to which people get wide opportunities for communication with each other. SPEECH Unites, helps to understand, forms views and beliefs, renders a great service to a person in understanding the world.

Verbal communication covers: The process of establishing social contacts. Emotion exchange. Establishing practical interaction. Establishing speech interaction. Participants educational process teachers children parents

The main content of work in speech development classes is teaching ways best use linguistic means. All lexical, grammatical and intonational exercises are conducted on the basis of phraseological units, riddles, proverbs, which clarify children's ideas about the variety of genres, their imagery and deepen artistic perception literary works... As a result, the level of logical and visual-figurative thinking in children increases. Thus, full-fledged mastery of the native language, development language skills is considered by us as the core of the full-fledged formation of the personality of a preschool child, which provides great opportunities for solving many problems of mental, aesthetic and moral education children. Task preschool- to bring up in children such qualities of oral speech, on which teaching in the first grade can rely.

Speech is a set of spoken or perceived sounds. The communicative function of speech is that information is transmitted from person to person with the help of speech. The intellectual function of speech lies in the fact that for a person it also serves as a means of thinking. It manifests itself in internal speech, as well as in external forms of speech: dialogue and monologue. The regulatory function of speech is expressed in the fact that speech serves as a factor in controlling one's own psyche and the behavior of the person who uses it, as well as the psyche and behavior of other people. The psychodiagnostic function of speech lies in the fact that a person's speech can be judged on psychological characteristics this person, about his cognitive processes, mental states and properties. We use this function of speech in communicating with people constantly, carefully listening to what they say, and trying to judge him as a person by the statements of a person. Linguistic - any speech belongs to any linguistic culture(Russian language, Ukrainian language, Tatar language, German etc.)

Speech development standards 2 years - vocabulary up to 200 - 300, the child begins to use adjectives, pronouns, prepositions; three-word sentences appear; 2 years 6 months - verbose sentences; 2. 5 - 3 years - there may still be difficulties with the pronunciation of whistling, hissing, sonorous sounds; 3 years - vocabulary up to 800 - 1000; use grammatical forms: change nouns for cases, numbers, verb - for gender and tenses, numbers and persons; 3-4 years - the second period of "why?" and when?". Deficiencies in the pronunciation of long and unfamiliar words may persist, as well as the vagueness of pronunciation of some sounds; 4 years - extended sentences, use all parts of speech. Group items by class: clothing, dishes, animals, etc. Vocabulary up to 2000. 4 - 5 years - short stories. Almost all pronunciation flaws disappear. 5 years - they know how to compose a story from a picture, correctly answer questions about the plot of the story. The vocabulary is about 2500.6 years - they use complex and widespread sentences, there are no deficiencies in the pronunciation of sounds and words. They make up a story from 40 - 50 sentences, with the development of the plot.

The creation of conditions for the full-fledged development of children's speech provides for: the creation of a developing subject-spatial environment; purposeful work of educators and narrow specialists on the speech development of children in all types of children's activities; increasing the professional growth of teachers in matters of speech development of preschoolers; study of the state of oral speech of children; participation of parents in speech education of children.

Work on the development of speech In the classroom of all teachers kindergarten great attention is paid to the development of the vocabulary. Systematic work is carried out on the formation of coherent speech and the development of grammatical categories. Work is constantly underway on the sound culture of speech: set and automated sounds are fixed, work is underway on intonational expressiveness, speech rate, logical stresses. Classes on the development of speech are carried out taking into account an integrated approach aimed at solving in intervals of one lesson different, but interrelated tasks, covering various aspects of speech development - phonetic, lexical, grammatical, and ultimately ensuring the development of coherent monologue speech.

the main areas of work on the speech in Preschool education and enrichment of the vocabulary development of the grammatical structure of speech development of monologue speech education sound culture speech introduction fiction formation of elementary awareness of the phenomena of language and speech development of dialogical speech

Methods and techniques for the development of speech techniques verbal practical visual techniques Display of pictures, pictures Display of toys Display of movement Use of TCO question types reproductive search generalizing direct suggestive prompting Speech sample repetition, explanation, instructions with physical exercises about the value of children's speech are playful Didactic games Play exercises Games-activities

In speech development classes, the child learns to correlate his speech actions with the model shown by the teacher and with his words (what to do? And how to do?), Learns to perform educational actions together with other children, learns to talk, take part in didactic game, he gets used to focus on a certain object, to restrain himself, to speak in turn. In the classroom, children gain new knowledge (along with new words and grammatical forms).

Work on the development of speech includes the following sections: Development of speech breathing, the formation of a sense of rhythm, the development of the ability to onomatopoeia. Development of the articulatory apparatus. Development fine motor skills... Formation phonemic hearing... Development vocabulary... The development of coherent speech. Development of higher mental functions - memory, attention, visual and auditory perception, thinking.

Organization of work with parents is necessary condition when creating a single speech space in our preschool educational institution. Inclusion of parents in pedagogical process is the most important condition for the full speech development of a child. As you know, educational and upbringing impact consists of two interrelated processes - the organization of various forms of assistance to parents and content-pedagogical work with the child. This approach to raising children in preschool educational institution ensures the continuity of pedagogical influence. Summarizing the above, we can conclude that our preschool educational institution has created the necessary psychological and pedagogical conditions for the full speech development of preschoolers.

Activities The main goal of interaction between the speech therapist and the family is the inclusion of parents in the joint correctional process and the creation of a single speech space. Conversations with parents about the importance of the problem of children's speech development. Consultation "Game Library in the Bosom of the Family" Travel folder "On the role of parents in the development of children's speech." Questioning. Speech therapist consultations: "Interaction The interaction of the teacher with the parents"; "Results of speech therapy examination of children for speech development"; "Organization of speech therapy work with children with speech disorders"; "Articulatory gymnastics". Memo for parents "Exercises for the development of coherent speech" Objectives: 1. to form the parents' desire to help the child; 2.forming motivation to participate in educational process; 3. increasing the level of pedagogical competence of parents; 4. informational and didactic support of the family.

How to organize speech therapy classes houses "Lotto" of various subjects (zoological, biological, "Dishes", "Furniture", etc.). It is also good to buy dummies of fruits, vegetables, sets of small plastic toy animals, insects, vehicles, doll dishes, etc. (or at least pictures) Cut pictures from two or more parts. Collecting various pictures that can be useful in preparation for classes (colorful food packaging, magazines, posters, catalogs, etc.) should become your hobby before the final compensation of the child's speech underdevelopment. ". To develop fine motor skills, purchase or make your own games: plasticine and other materials for modeling, a designer, lacing, counting sticks, etc. Notebook or album for pasting pictures and planning lessons. The main difficulty for parents is the child's unwillingness to study. To overcome this, it is necessary to interest the baby. It is important to remember that the main activity of children is play.

Recommendations of a speech therapist teacher To achieve a result, you need to practice every day. Every day: games for the development of fine motor skills, articulatory gymnastics (preferably 2 times a day), games for the development of auditory attention or phonemic hearing, games for the formation of lexical and grammatical categories. The number of games is 2-3 per day, in addition to games for the development of fine motor skills and articulatory gymnastics... Don't overwork your baby! Do not overload with information! This can cause stuttering. Start with 3-5 minutes a day, gradually increasing the time. Some classes (for example, on the formation of lexical and grammatical categories) can be done on the way home.

Thanks to the establishment of trust and partnership relations between all participants in the correctional process, not only the actual violations of speech, attention, memory, thinking, motor skills, behavior in the child are successfully overcome, but also many intrapersonal conflicts and problems of parents are solved, a favorable psycho-emotional climate is created in families of children with developmental disabilities, parent-child relationships are formed.

What is speech? Speech is one of the types of human communicative activity, the use of language means to communicate with other members of the linguistic community. Speech is understood as the process of speaking ( speech activity), and its result (speech works recorded by memory and writing).

Functions of speech Thanks to speech as a means of communication, the individual consciousness of a person is not limited to personal experience, is enriched by the experience of other people, and in much to a greater extent than observation and other processes of non-speech, direct cognition, carried out through the senses, such as perception, attention, imagination, memory and thinking, can allow it.

Types of speech The speech of people, depending on various conditions, acquires peculiar features. Accordingly, they distinguish different types speech. First of all, external and internal speech is distinguished; there is also egocentric speech.

Oral speech Dialogue speech is a conversation between two or more persons speaking alternately. In everyday and ordinary conversation, dialogical speech is not planned. The direction of such a conversation and its results are largely determined by the statements of its participants, their remarks, comments, approval or objection. But sometimes a conversation is organized specifically to clarify a specific issue, then such a conversation is purposeful. Monologue speech assumes that one person speaks, others only listen. Monological forms of speech include lectures, reports, speeches at meetings. General and characteristic feature all forms of monologue speech - its pronounced focus on the listener. The purpose of this orientation is to achieve the necessary impact on the audience, to transfer knowledge to them, to convince them of something. In this regard, monologue speech is detailed and requires a coherent presentation of thoughts.

Written speech is addressed to the absent reader, who will read what has been written only after a while. Often the author does not even know his reader, does not keep in touch with him. The lack of direct contact between the writer and the reader creates certain difficulties in the construction of written speech. The writer is deprived of the opportunity to use intonation, facial expressions, gestures to better express his thoughts. So, written speech is less expressive than oral speech. In addition, written speech should be especially detailed, understandable and complete, that is, processed. But written speech has another advantage: it, in contrast to oral speech, allows long-term preparation over the verbal expression of thoughts. Written speech, both in the history of society and in the life of an individual, arises later than oral speech and is formed on its basis. Thanks to writing, the achievements of culture, science and art are passed down from generation to generation.

Internal speech is an internal soundless speech process. It is inaccessible to the perception of other people and, therefore, cannot be a means of communication. Inner speech is peculiar. It is very abbreviated, collapsed, almost never exists in the form of complete, detailed sentences. This is explained by the fact that the subject of his own thought is completely clear to a person and therefore does not require detailed verbal formulations from him; as a rule, they resort to the help of expanded inner speech in those cases when they experience difficulties in the process of thinking. The difficulties that a person sometimes experiences, trying to explain to another a thought that he himself understands, are often explained by the difficulty of transition from abbreviated inner speech, understandable to oneself, to expanded outer speech, understandable to others.

Egocentric speech - special form speech, intermediate between internal and external speech, performing mainly an intellectual rather than a communicative function. It is activated in children aged 3 to 5 years, and disappears by 6-7 years. Egocentric speech, like internal speech, is characterized by an intellectual function, incomplete awareness. Self-directed speech that regulates and controls practical activities... As Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky showed, egocentric speech is genetically derived from external (communicative) speech and is the product of its partial internalization (transition). Thus, egocentric speech is like a transitional stage from external to internal speech.

Speech is the activity of communication - expression, impact, communication - through language, speech is language in action. Speech, both single with language and different from it, is the unity of a certain activity - communication - and a certain content, which denotes and, denoting, reflects being. More precisely, speech is a form of existence of consciousness (thoughts, feelings, experiences) for another, serving as a means of communication with him, and a form of generalized reflection of reality, or a form of the existence of thinking. Rubinstein S.L. Speech is a form of communication mediated by language that has developed historically in the process of people's practical activities.

External speech is addressed to other people. Through it, a person transmits and perceives thoughts. Verbal communication using written texts. It can be deferred (letter) or direct (exchange of notes during the meeting). Written speech differs from oral speech not only in that it uses graphics, but also in grammatical (primarily syntactic) and stylistic terms. Speech directly addressed to someone. It is expressed in sounds and is perceived by other people with the help of hearing. Oral speech is the oldest in origin. Children are also taught speech, first oral, later written. Oral speech is manifested in monologic and dialogical forms.

Dialogue is speech that is actively supported by the interlocutor and it is "curtailed", since it implies a lot due to the knowledge and understanding of the situation by the partner. Monologue speech is the speech of one person. He speaks and the others listen. This type of speech includes various speeches of one person in front of an audience: lecture, report, message, speech of a deputy, monologue of an actor, etc. Monologue speech is continuous and unsupported by the audience.

Internal speech arises from external speech, is formed on its basis. Like external speech, it is reflexive in its mode of origin. The difference is that the efferent part of the internal speech reflexes is inhibited. Reflexes of internal speech are functionally altered ordinary speech reflexes (I.M.Sechenov). Inner speech: silent speech to oneself and to oneself, arising in the process of thinking. Internal speech comes from external, with its help there is a processing of images of perception, their awareness and classification in a certain system of concepts. Inner speech encodes images the real world symbolizing them by signs and acts as a means of thinking. It acts as a planning phase in practical and theoretical activities.

Egocentric speech is a special form of speech, intermediate between internal and external speech, performing mainly an intellectual rather than a communicative function. It is activated in children aged 3 to 5 years, and disappears by 6-7 years. Egocentric speech, like internal speech, is characterized by an intellectual function, incomplete awareness, predicativity and agglutination. Speech addressed to oneself, regulating and controlling practical activity. As Vygotsky showed, egocentric speech is genetically derived from external (communicative) speech and is the product of its partial internalization. Thus, egocentric speech is like a transitional stage from external to internal speech.

Used literature 1. PI Sidorov, AV Parnyakov. Clinical psychology: textbook. - 3rd ed., Rev. and add. - M .: GEOTAR-Media, p .: 2. Psychology. Dictionary / Under total. ed. A.V. Petrovsky, M.G. Yaroshevsky. - M., 1990.