Test exam the first world war. Russia in World War I

What are the correct judgments about this cartoon? Choose 2 judgments from the five suggested. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in response.

1) One of the consequences of the First World War was the collapse of the empire to which this cartoon is dedicated.

2) Russia has never signed international treaties with the empire to which the cartoon is dedicated.

3) The empire to which the caricature is dedicated was part of the Entente.

4) During the First World War, the Russian army managed to temporarily seize part of the territory of the empire, to which the caricature is dedicated.

5) The empire to which the cartoon is dedicated included Prussia.

Explanation.

1) One of the consequences of the First World War was the collapse of the empire, which this cartoon is about - YES, that's right, the Austrian Empire collapsed as a result of the First World War.

2) Russia has never signed international treaties with the empire to which the caricature is dedicated - NO, wrong, "The Union of Three Emperors".

3) The empire, which the caricature is dedicated to, was part of the Entente - NO, it is wrong, it was part of the Triple Alliance.

4) During the First World War, the Russian army managed to temporarily seize part of the territory of the empire, which the caricature is dedicated to - YES, right, during the Brusilov breakthrough.

5) Prussia was part of the empire to which the cartoon is dedicated - NO, wrong, Prussia was part of the German Empire.

Answer: 14.

Establish a correspondence between fragments of historical sources and their brief characteristics: for each fragment indicated by a letter, select two corresponding characteristics indicated by numbers.

FRAGMENTS OF SOURCES

A) “The person in whose name the movement was undertaken was the Empress, who managed to gain wide popularity, especially in the guards regiments. The emperor lived badly with his wife, threatened to divorce her and even imprison her in a monastery, and put in her place a person close to him, the niece of the Chancellor Count Vorontsov. [The Empress] kept aloof for a long time, patiently enduring her position and not getting into direct relations with the disaffected. "

B) “In the days of the great struggle with the external enemy, who has been striving to enslave our Motherland for almost three years, the Lord God was pleased to send down a new ordeal to Russia. The outbreak of internal popular unrest threaten to have a disastrous effect on the further conduct of a stubborn war. The fate of Russia, the honor of our heroic army, the good of the people, the entire future of our dear Fatherland demand that the war be brought to a victorious end by all means. The fierce enemy is straining his last strength, and the hour is already approaching when our valiant army, together with our glorious allies, will be able to finally crush the enemy. In these decisive days in the life of Russia, we considered it our duty of conscience to make it easier for our people to unite and unite all the forces of the people for the speedy achievement of victory, and in agreement with the State Duma, we recognized it for the good to abdicate the throne of the Russian state and resign the supreme power. "

CHARACTERISTICS

1) This text was written by V.O. Klyuchevsky.

2) This passage from the manifesto refers to 1917.

3) The text was written before the outbreak of World War II.

4) This passage is about the First World War.

5) Leo Tolstoy was a contemporary of the described events.

6) The described events tell about the emperor, who was subsequently overthrown as a result of a palace coup.

Explanation.

1) This text was written by V.O. Klyuchevsky - yes, that's right, it refers to the text of A.

2) This passage from the manifesto refers to 1917 - yes, that's right, refers to the text of B.

3) The text was written before the start of the Second World War - no, it is not correct. Has nothing to do with these sources.

4) This passage is about the First World War - yes, that's right, it refers to the text of B.

5) Leo Tolstoy was a contemporary of the described events - no, it is not true. Has nothing to do with these sources.

6) The events described tell about the emperor, who was subsequently overthrown as a result of a palace coup - yes, that's right, refers to the text of A.

Answer: 1624.

Establish a correspondence between the names of the commanders and their activities: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position in the second column. Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Explanation.

A) A. Brusilov - Commander of the South-Western Front in 1916 during the First World War.

B) S.M.Budyonny - commander of the First Cavalry Army during the Civil War.

C) A. N. Kuropatkin - commander of the Russian troops in the Russian-Japanese war of 1904−1905.

D) G.K. Zhukov - First Deputy Supreme Commander-in-Chief during the Great Patriotic War.

Answer: 4132.

Answer: 4132

Write down the numbers in the answer, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:

Explanation.

BUT) Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich led the Russian army during the First World War.

B) S. Yu. Witte prepared a manifesto on the establishment of the legislative State Duma.

C) S.V. Zubatov was the initiator of the creation of workers' organizations under the control of the police.

Answer: 4215.

Answer: 4215

A) leadership of the government during the First World War, this is the answer at number 3

that is, it should be 3215

Ivan Ivanovich

Nikolai Nikolaevich was the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army in 1914-1915, and the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Ingushetia was led by several people during the First World War: Goremykin, Sturmer, Trepov, Golitsyn.

Establish a correspondence between the names of the military leaders and the names of the wars in which they became famous: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position in the second column.

Write down the numbers in the answer, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:

Explanation.

A) A. Brusilov - First World War.

B) M.D.Skobelev - Russian-Turkish war of 1877−1878.

C) PS Nakhimov - Crimean War.

D) A.V.Suvorov - Russian-Turkish war of 1768−1774

Answer: 5431.

Answer: 5431

Source: Unified State Exam on History 05/30/2013. The main wave. Siberia. Option 3., USE in history 05/30/2013. The main wave. Siberia. Option 3.

Fill in the blank cells of the table using the data provided in the list below. For each letter box, select the number of the item you want.

Missing items:

2) "Fulton speech"

4) program of assistance to European countries in economic recovery after World War II

5) "Vyborg Appeal"

7) a statement of intentions of the Provisional Government to continue fulfilling obligations to the allies in the First World War

8) Truman Doctrine

9) the program of action of the Bolshevik Party, containing the task of transferring all the fullness of state power to the Soviets of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies

Write down the numbers in the answer, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:

Explanation.

A) −B) In 1946, in Fulton, W. Churchill called for a rebuff to the USSR and the Cold War.

C) The Vyborg Appeal of 1906 contained an appeal by deputies with calls for passive resistance to the actions of the authorities after the dissolution of the first convocation of the State Duma.

D) The April Theses of 1917 contained a program of action for the Bolsheviks.

E) -F) In 1917, Milyukov announced the intentions of the Provisional Government to continue fulfilling its obligations to the allies in the First World War.

Answer: 235971.

Answer: 235971

1) the beginning of the First Russian revolution

2) Russia's entry into the First World War

3) the publication of the manifesto on the legislative State Duma

4) the beginning of the Russo-Japanese War

Explanation.

Earlier than others began Russo-Japanese war- January 1904. The first Russian revolution began in January 1905. The Manifesto on the Legislative State Duma was signed in October 1905. Russia entered World War I in August 1914.

The correct answer is indicated under number: 4

Answer: 4

Write down the numbers in the answer, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:

Explanation.

A) P.I.Bagration was a military leader Patriotic War 1812

B) M.D.Skobelev - general of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878.

C) PS Nakhimov commanded the defense of Sevastopol during the Crimean War.

D) A. Brusilov - military commander of the First World War 1914-1918.

Answer: 2314.

Answer: 2314

What are the correct judgments regarding the events indicated on the map? Choose three judgments from the six suggested. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.

1) The map shows the events of the final stage of the war.

2) The Red Army was assisted by the allies in the First World War.

3) The passage through the Sivash Bay belongs to the period of the war indicated on the map.

4) In the west, the Red Army is fighting against the troops of General N. Yudenich.

5) The war ended with the signing of the Brest Peace.

6) The troops of the Red Army in the south were commanded by MV Frunze.

Explanation.

1) The map depicts the events of the final stage of the war - YES, it is true, the map of the civil war depicts the events of the final stage of the war - the Soviet-Polish war of 1920 and the defeat of the troops of General P. Wrangel in the Crimea.

2) The Red Army was assisted by the allies in the First World War - NO, wrong.

3) The transition through the Sivash Bay - YES, right, in the autumn of 1920 belongs to the period of the war indicated on the map.

4) In the west, the Red Army is fighting against the troops of General N. Yudenich - NO, wrong.

5) The war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk - NO, wrong.

6) The troops of the Red Army in the south were commanded by MV Frunze - YES, right.

Answer: 136.

Answer: 136

Elena Alexandrovna Dergunova

In 1920, the civil war ended in the main territory of Russia. On the outskirts of the country, it lasted until 1922.

guest 05.05.2013 15:18

The answer under the number 1 is given incorrectly. Civil War was divided into 3 stages and 1920 belongs to the second stage (November 1918 - March 1920). The third stage of the war lasted until October 1922, until the capture of the city of Vladivostok, where anti-Bolshevik formations were based at that time with the support of Japanese troops. I think it is not fair that the end of the war here is considered to be 1920, because up until the defeat of the Siberian Volunteer Force in 1923, military clashes took place on the territory of Russia.

Valentin I. Kirichenko

The point of view you have cited has the right to life, moreover, it was dominant in Soviet historiography. But in currently most historians are of the opinion that the Civil War ended in 1920.

Test work on the topic: "The First World War." (Grade 11)

1. The cause of the First World War was:

a) the assassination of the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo

b) contradictions between the largest powers of the world for the redistribution of an already divided world

c) the desire of England to increase its colonial possessions

d) military conflict between Austria-Hungary and Serbia

2. The Triple Alliance consisted of:

a) Russia, France, England

b) Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

c) Germany, France, Italy

d) Germany, Austria-Hungary, Japan

a) the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Franz Ferdinand, was killed

b) Austro-Hungarian troops invaded Serbia

c) the date of entry into the war of England

d) Germany's declaration of war on Russia

4. Losses armed forces of all countries participating in the First World War were:

a) 5 million people

b) 20 million people.

c) 10 million people.

d) 7 million people.

5. The event dates back to 1916:

a) Battle of the Marne

b) the use of chemical warfare agents (gases) in the area of ​​the city of Ypres

c) Battle of Verdun

d) the signing of an armistice in the Compiegne forest

6. The First World War was attended by:

a) 38 states

b) 21 states

c) 33 states

d) 34 states

7. Date of conclusion of a separate peace Soviet Russia and Germany:

8. Establish a correspondence between a country participating in the First World War and its purpose in the war.

Target in war

A) Germany

B) England

C) France

D) Russia

E) Austria-Hungary

E) Italy

1) the defeat of Germany and the return of Alsace and Lorraine

2) strengthening of positions in the Balkans, control over the Bosphorus and Dardanelles

3) the defeat of Germany and the preservation of the "status quo" in the world

4) capture of Tyrol and French colonies in Africa

5) seizure of the Balkan Peninsula

6) the seizure of the colonies of England and France, the seizure of part of Russian territory

9. Establish a correspondence between the country - participant and its plans in the war

Plan

A) Germany

B) Russia

C) France

D) Austria-Hungary

E) England

1) protecting your border with Belgium

2) war on 2 fronts: against Russia and Serbia

3) limited participation in the war

4) the "blitz-krieg" plan, first the defeat of France, then Russia

5) the main blow to Austria-Hungary

10. Set the correspondence between date and event

the date

A) murder in Sarajevo of the heir to the Austrian throne Franz Ferdinand

B) England's entry into the war

C) the years of the First World War

D) Germany's declaration of war on Russia

E) declaration of war on Serbia by Austria-Hungary

E) entry of France into the war

5) 1914-1918.

11. Set the correspondence between date and event

the date

A) Italy's entry into the war on the side of the Entente

B) Battle of the Marne. Stabilization

C) the "great retreat" of the Russian army to Eastern Front

D) Turkey's entry into the war.Opening of hostilities in the Black Sea and Transcaucasia

E) entry into the war of Bulgaria

E) Verdun operation

F) battle on the river Somme

H) Brusilov breakthrough

AND) naval war with England

TO) Jutland naval battle

2) Summer 1915.

6) February - March 1916

7) June-August 1916

8) 1915.

9) May 1916

10) Autumn 1916

12. Arrange in chronological order the events of the First World War

A) Compiegne Truce

B) entry into the war of Bulgaria

C) the Brest-Litovsk peace of Germany with Russia

D) a massive offensive by the Entente on the Western Front

E) the entry of the United States into the war

13. Name the countries that make up the Entente

1) Germany

2) Italy

3) Russia

4) Turkey

5) France

6) England

Answer: ______

14. What are the provisions characterizing the results of the First World War

1) Economic crisis, famine, devastation in European countries

2) Stabilization of the economy in Europe

3) Collapse of Empires: German, Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman

4) More than 10 million dead

5) The defeat of the Entente countries

6) The defeat of Germany and its allies

Answer: _________________

15. Read the passage and state the name of the emperor who gave this speech.

“Following its historical precepts, Russia, the only one in faith and blood with the Slavic peoples, has never looked at their fate with indifference. With complete unanimity and special strength, the fraternal feelings of the Russian people for the Slavs in last days when Austria-Hungary made demands on Serbia that were obviously unacceptable for a sovereign state….

Forced by the circumstances to take the necessary precautions, We command to bring the army and navy to martial law, but, valuing the blood and property of our subjects, made every effort to achieve a peaceful outcome of the negotiations that had begun ...

Now we have not to intercede for the unjustly offended kindred country to us, but to protect the honor, dignity, integrity of Russia and her position among the Great Powers. We firmly believe that all our loyal subjects will stand up together and selflessly to defend the Russian land. "

Answer: ______________.

ANSWERS:

1.b

2.b

3.g

4.in

5.in

6 a

7.in

13. 3,5,6.

14. 1,3,4,6

15. Nikolay II.

Hello, dear readers site! Andrey Puchkov with you. Today I decided to make a post about Russia's participation in the First World War. This is an extremely important topic and the most difficult for school graduates who are preparing for the USE in history. In general, the entire period from 1914 to 1922 is the most difficult one, and you must pay close attention to it.

This article is clear, concise and accessible for students to convey important points participation of Russia in the First World War, as well as correctly place accents. A separate bonus to this article will be a table on the topic and a test that can be solved online.

So let's go!

(When preparing the text of the article, data from the book History of the First World War 1914-1918 were used - Moscow: Nauka, 1975.)

(You can click on the cards and a larger size will open :))

Causes of the First World War

As I have said many times, any event from history can be decomposed according to the following scheme: Prerequisites, Reasons, Reason, Course of events and results.

The reasons for this global event should be considered the imperialist contradictions between the leading world powers. What are imperialist contradictions? Imperialism itself is the highest stage in the development of capitalism.

Suppose you are a sensible English bourgeois - businessman. And let's say you make um ... tea sets. You have numerous factories in England itself, Russia and Europe. But every European family already has your sets, and not just one of them. You must understand that you may become bankrupt in the near future. Why?

Because the market is full of your product, but it continues to be produced. It must be “vparivat” to someone so that you continue to receive your profits. So what can you do? Elementary, Watson: England is a colonial power. She has a lot of colonies: India, etc. Why not supply your goods there - to the local aborigines. And in return, you will siphon their resources from them: tea, coffee, expensive fabrics and other local exotics.

And the colonies themselves will not be able to do anything, since you are a colonist. So it turns out that under imperialism the internal market for the capitalists becomes narrow for them and they need other markets, and as a result - new colonies. The larger the colony, the better!

And by the beginning of the 20th century, it turned out that the whole world was "divided" between the great powers. "Divided" because in fact there were great controversies between the great powers over this division. These contradictions began to hatch at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries: the Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War, etc. Add to this the contradictions between the powers themselves over mutual hostility and disputed territories: between France and Germany there are disputed territories in Alsace and Lorraine. Between England and Germany - in north africa... Finally, between Russia and Austria-Hungary over Bosnia and Herzegovina and other Slavic states in southeastern Europe (Serbia, Bulgaria, etc.).

Thus, the reasons for the First World War were:

1. in the colonial contradictions between the great powers;
2. in disputed territories and zones of influence between the powers themselves.

The prerequisites include:

The folding of military-political blocs: the Entente (England, France and Russia) and the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy);

The presence of local military conflicts before a decisive confrontation. If anyone decides to continue the topic: add your options in the comments - otherwise the volume is running out 🙂

The plans of the parties in the First World War

The "brain" of the Triple Alliance was Germany and its Chief of the General Staff since 1891, Schlieffen. His concept of "blitzkrieg" (lightning war) was justified by the fact that the main enemy was France, which by the beginning of the 20th century had reformed both the system of mobilizing its army and the army itself. In view of this, Schlieffen proposed the defeat of the enemy troops in two stages.

The first stage is to bring France out of standby. For this, it was supposed to attack by large forces through southern Belgium - bypassing the French defensive line.

The second stage was to consist in the fact that the main forces of the German army were transferred to the eastern front (against Russia), where it had to be held back until that time by the Austro-Hungarian troops.

The German command underestimated England: it thought that England would limit itself to sending France purely symbolic aid.

The plan for the war of Russia with Germany and Austria-Hungary began to be developed already from the end of the 1870s - after the unification of Germany and Austria-Hungary into a military alliance. The plan was defensive and multivariate. So, if only Austria-Hungary attacked Russia, then the main forces of the Russian army would be concentrated against its forces. And 800 thousand people were allocated (on the 15th day of mobilization) for the war directly with Germany. Well, to divert some of their army on the western front. Well, in the event of an attack at once by Germany and Austria-Hungary, two fronts were formed at once, the corresponding troops were allocated.

Thus, Russia's plans were defensive. Needless to say, I only gave a general plan here without specific geographic landmarks. Perhaps in the future I will make a free video tutorial on the First World War, so do not be lazy and subscribe to new articles, the form at the end of the article.

The reason for the global confrontation

All competent boys and girls have known for a long time what was the reason for the First World War. This is the assassination at the end of June 1914 in Sarajevo (Serbia) of the Austrian Archduke of the Austrian throne Franz Ferdinand and his wife. They were killed by the Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip. This fact of the murder became a pretext for hostilities: Austria demanded from Serbia that the Austrians investigate the murder, Serbia perceived such demands as limiting its own sovereignty, as a result, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia ... and then it started ...

Russia's participation in the First World War 1914-1918

1914 OPERATIONS

EASTERN PRUSSIAN OPERATION 1914

Since Germany, according to its plan of military operations, attacked France (the western front), the task of Russia was to divert the main forces of Austria-Hungary and force Germany to transfer part of its forces to the eastern front.

The task of the East Prussian operation was the capture of the Russian troops of East Prussia by the forces of two armies: General Rennenkampf's 1st army was to advance around the Masurian Lakes from the north, cutting off the Germans from Konigsberg (now Kaliningrad). 2, the army under the command of General Samsonov was to conduct an offensive bypassing these lakes from the west, preventing the withdrawal of German divisions beyond the Vistula. The general idea of ​​the operation was to cover the German grouping from both flanks.

The operation began on 4 (17) August. And already on August 7 (20), one of the major battles Of the First World War - near Gumbinennoye. However, the stubborn resistance of the Russian troops, as well as their heavy fire, put the German army to flight! Here is what the German commanders themselves wrote about this: “The combination of unfortunate circumstances led to the situation when the superbly trained troops, who later showed themselves worthy everywhere, lost their restraint at the first encounter with the enemy. The corps was badly damaged. In one infantry, losses reached 8000 people in round numbers - a third of all available forces, and 200 officers were killed and wounded. "

Those who have read "Films" by Mr. Boris Akunin know that in the very first books the author describes the savage defeat of the Russian troops: they allegedly fled to German machine guns like sheep. In fact, nothing like this just happened! Someone thinks otherwise, write in the comments - we will discuss! 🙂

However, let's not get distracted: the situation allowed the Russian army to defeat the 8th German army... However, Rennenkampf was inactive. The Russian command believed that the Germans were defeated and were retreating to Konigsberg. However, this was not the case. In fact, the 8th Army retained its combat capability. The Germans regrouped their forces and quickly devised a daring operation. Its success was also facilitated by the fact that the Russian command issued all its orders on the radio in plain text.

As a result, on August 16 (29), 2 General Samsonov's army was surrounded, the general himself shot himself. Thus, the inaction on the part of the 1st army contributed to the encirclement and defeat of the second. Meanwhile, some of the objectives of the operation were achieved: Germany transferred part of its forces to the eastern front, which gave the allies a victory on the r. Marne on the western front.

GALICIAN BATTLE

In the south, the Russian command also planned an offensive operation. Its goal was to encircle and destroy the Austrian forces. The fifth and third armies were to advance towards Lvov, while the 4th and 8th armies were to attack from the west and south. The plan was good, but it did not correspond to the realities of the front. The Austrians were also developing their own offensive operation. As a result, a huge Galician battle ensued, which broke out in the space between the Dniester and Vistula rivers.

Fighting initially deployed at a front of 320 km, which then expanded to 400 km. On the Russian side, five armies participated in them (9th, 4th, 5th, 3rd and 8th) and the Dniester detachment. The enemy had four armies (1st, 4th, 3rd and 2nd) and Voyrsh's landwehr corps. As a result of the Russian offensive, the Austro-Hungarian troops suffered a serious defeat. Their losses amounted to about 400 thousand people, including 100 thousand prisoners. The Russians lost 230 thousand people. The victory was achieved by the combined efforts of all the armies of the Southwestern Front. But the Austro-Hungarian armies still managed to avoid complete defeat. The reason for this was the indecisive actions of the leadership of the Southwestern Front, which failed to organize an energetic pursuit. The matter was limited to ousting the enemy from Galicia.

The general situation on the fronts forced Germany to give a large loan to Turkey so that she entered the war on the side of the Triple Alliance. As a result, on November 2, Turkey launched offensive operations. A separate Caucasian front emerged.

Of course, in 1914 there were other offensive and defensive operations, but for a successful solution exam test What has already been said about the operations in 1914 is more than enough for you.

1915 OPERATIONS

GORLITSKAYA OPERATION

The Gorlitsky operation lasted 52 days: from April 19 (May 2) to June 9 (22), 1915. It was one of the largest defensive operations of the First World War. The Russian command was forced to retreat from Galicia, which was captured in 1914. The strategic position of their armies operating in Poland has seriously deteriorated. But the German-Austrians were unable to achieve a major strategic result. In fact, it did not boil down to a breakthrough of the Russian front, but to "pushing through" it.

1916 OPERATIONS

A year and a half of the bloodiest war in the history of mankind at that time could not be in vain: crisis tendencies were growing in Europe and Russia. In Europe, it led to a sharp rise in the labor movement. In Russia, it was brewing revolutionary situation caused by the grain, weapons, transport, in the end, a political crisis. The reason for all this was also that Russian society who at first showed patriotism, the further, the more he did not understand why Russia got involved in this senseless slaughter?

Offensive Southwestern Front in the summer of 1916 led to a major defeat for the Austro-Hungarian troops in Galicia and Bukovina. The enemy lost in killed, wounded and captured up to 1.5 million people, 581 guns, 1795 machine guns, 448 bomb and mortars. Russian losses amounted to about 500 thousand people

To eliminate the breakthrough, the military command of the Central Powers was forced to withdraw 30.5 infantry and 3.5 cavalry divisions from the Western and Italian fronts. This eased the position of the French at Verdun. Italy also sighed lightly, as the Austrian troops were forced to stop their attacks in Trentino. "Russia sacrificed itself for the sake of its allies," writes the English military historian, "and it is unfair to forget that the allies are irredeemable debtors to Russia for this."

MILITARY OPERATION ON THE EASTERN FRONT IN SUMMER 1917

After the February Revolution in Russia and the transfer of power to the Provisional Government, the position of the army became the most difficult. At the front, new orders and directives were introduced, abolishing one-man command, fraternization began at the front: this was when soldiers on both sides stopped fighting and began, for example, playing football or drinking schnapps. 🙂

However, the interim government in P.N. Milyukova announced in April that she would continue to fight on the side of Antana. As a result, the summer offensive was planned. The main military offensive operations were to unfold in June. However, the June offensive was choked up mainly due to the disorganized actions of the new authorities, who sent troops into battle in a different way, without a single plan. In the opinion of Kerensky and other officials of the Provisional Government, the main thing was to start, and then maybe everything will be adjusted by itself.

As a result, the offensive collapsed, which led to a new political crisis of the Provisional Government: the news of defeats at the front increased the indignation of the people. On the morning of July 3 (16), soldiers of the 1st machine-gun regiment in Petrograd demanded the overthrow of the Provisional Government by armed means. On July 4 (17), a grandiose anti-war demonstration took place in Petrograd. On behalf of its participants, the Central The Executive Committee The Soviets, which sat in the Tavricheskiy Palace, passed the demand for the seizure of power into the hands of the Soviets.

RUSSIA'S EXIT FROM THE FIRST WORLD WAR AT THE BEGINNING OF 1918

As you know, the Bolshevik Party was against the conduct of the First World War. Therefore, immediately after October revolution the new, already Soviet leadership started a conversation with Germany and its allies about the cessation of hostilities. Lenin's position was clear: for a democratic world without annexations and indemnities. There was, however, the point of view of L.N. Trotsky on the cessation of hostilities, which was expressed in his slogan: "No peace, no war." True, this point of view was rejected by the Soviet leadership after the German offensive.

As a result, on December 9, a conference began between the Triple Alliance and Soviet Russia on the question of ending the military confrontation.

The position of the Soviet leadership was expressed in the following theses:

1. The refusal of both sides from the forcible annexation of the territories occupied during the war and the withdrawal of the occupying troops from there.

2. The full restoration of the political independence of those peoples who lost it in the course of hostilities.

3. Guarantee national groups who did not enjoy political independence before the war, the right to self-determination.

4. Legislative formalization of cultural independence and administrative autonomy of national minorities.

5. Refusal to collect indemnities and "military costs" from other states.

6. Granting independence and political autonomy to colonies in accordance with the principles set out in paragraphs 1, 2, 3 and 4

However, Germany decided to take full advantage of the situation and imposed its own rules of the game. As a result March 3, 1918 in Brest-Litovsk a peace treaty was signed, which was named "Brest-Litovsk".

You need to know its conditions and try to remember:

The Baltic States and part of Belarus were torn away from Soviet Russia; in the Caucasus, Kars, Ardahan and Batum retreated to Turkey.

Ukraine and Finland were recognized as independent states, and units of the Red Army were to be withdrawn from there. The Soviet government pledged to conclude an agreement with the Central Rada and recognize its peace treaty of January 27 (February 9) with the Central Powers.

Thus, the Brest-Litovsk peace treaty is considered separate. Since, on the one hand, it separated the territories from Russia, and on the other, Russia broke with the Entente, leaving the war earlier. The word "separate" comes from French verb separer - to trim, to separate.

The very same World War I ended on November 11, 1918 with the Armistice of Compiegne. And in June 1919, a new Versailles-Washington system of checks and balances was formed, which de facto recognized its incapacity after 12-14 years.

Below I give some facts and points that you need to know and work through to successfully write the exam in history:

1. The supreme commanders before the February Revolution were: Prince Nikolai Nikolaevich (from July 20, 1914 to August 23, 1915) and Nicholas II (from August 23, 1915 to March 2, 1917).

2. You need to know the consequences of Russia's participation in the global massacre: to be able to describe the grain crisis, transport, weapons and, most importantly, political. If there are any difficulties, all this is described in my author's video course “History. Preparation for the Unified State Exam (100 points).

3. The main internal result of Russia's participation is the February Revolution! How all this is connected is described in detail in my.

Well, that, of course, the article turned out to be rather big, but extremely useful. Below is the promised table on Russia's participation in the First World War:

Unified State Exam on the topic “The First World War. February Revolution of 1917 "

Part A.

1. What are the causes of the First World War?

a) the desire of the leading world powers to redraw the map of the world in their own interests

b) the desire of the governments of the countries - participants of the war to divert their peoples from the revolutionary struggle

c) the desire of the participating countries to take away colonies from the largest colonial power - Great Britain

2. What was the main outcome of the 1914 military campaign?

a) the signing of a separate peace by Germany and England

b) Germany failed to implement its lightning war plan

c) Alsace and Lorraine were returned to France

3. When did the February 1917 revolution in Petrograd begin?

4. What are the main results of the February Revolution?

a) the monarchy fell b) dual power arose

c) the democratization of the country began d) the convocation of the Constituent Assembly took place

5. What is the meaning of order # 1?

a) the establishment of dictatorships in the proletariatb) the democratization of the army beganc) the State Duma was liquidated

6. What appeared the main reason April Crisis of the Interim Government?

a) Milyukov's note on the continuation of the warb) Lenin's speech at the I Congress of Soviets

c) breakthrough at the front of General Brusilov

7. Why did the Russian army fail during the First World War?

a) poor supply of the army with weapons and shells

b) there was a scattered action of the fronts

c) England and France violated the allied agreement

8. What are the results of the First World War for Russia?

a) the internal political and economic situation in the country has sharply deteriorated

b) Russia achieved the goals for which it participated in the war

c) during the war in Russia, the First Russian Revolution will occur

9. What events caused the riots in February 1917 in Petrograd?

a) demonstration of women in honor of International Women's Day

b) the dismissal of 30,000 workers on strike from the Putilov plant

c) the performance of the soldiers of the Petrograd garrison

10. What two organs of power appeared in Petrograd during the February Revolution?

a) Constituent Assembly

b) Petrograd Soviet of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies

c) Provisional government

d) State Council

11. What changes were made to the life of Russia by the Declaration of the Provisional Government, adopted on March 3, 1917?

a) introduced broad civil rights and freedoms

b) provided the peasants with land

c) brought Russia out of the first world war

12. What was the composition of the Entente on the eve of the war?

a) England, USA, France; b) England, Russia, France; c) England, Russia, Italy.

13.Germany declared war on Russia:

a) 06/28/1914; b) 07/28/1914; c) 08/01/1914; d) 3.08.1914

14. Brusilov breakthrough took place in:

15. The Verdun operation took place in:

a) 1914, b) 1915; c) 1916; d) 1917

Part B.

1.Arrange events by year:

A) 1914; b) 1916; c) 1918

1. Battle of the Somme; 2. Brusilov breakthrough; 3. the first gas attack at the city of Ypres; 4. US entry into the war; five; battle of the Marne; 6. Battle of Jutland; 7. Battle of Verdun; 8. Milyukov's note on Russia's participation in the war to a victorious end; 9. Brest Peace; 10. Compiegne Armistice;

2. Write the name of the historical event.

Russia renounced all territories occupied by German troops. She was obliged to demobilize the army, to pay compensation for damage caused to the property of German citizens on its territory.

3. Reasons February revolution become.

1 . The agrarian issue was not resolved

2. Russia's participation in the First World War

3. Lack of labor legislation

4. Creation of the Provisional Government

5. Creation of the Council of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies

4. Relate.

1.G.E. Lvov A. Minister of Justice

2. A.I. Guchkov B. Minister of Foreign Affairs

3. P. N. Milyukov V. Chairman of the Provisional Government

4. A.F. Kerensky G. Minister of Military Affairs

D. Minister of Finance

5. The reasons for the June and July crises were the authorities.

1. Mass demonstrations of workers

2. Unsuccessful counteroffensive at the front

3. Sharp deterioration economic situation countries

4. Abdication of Nicholas II from the throne

5. Resignation of G.E. Lvov

6. Select events related to the 1917 revolution.

1. Bloody resurrection

2. The fall of the autocracy

3. Establishment of dual power

4. Manifesto "On the improvement of the state order"

5. Kronstadt uprising

Part C

Read the text and complete the assignments.

For the garrison of the Petrograd district, all the soldiers of the guard, army, artillery, and navy for immediate and accurate execution, and for the workers of Petrograd for information.

1. The Soviet of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies decided:
2. 1. In all companies, battalions, regiments, batteries, squadrons and individual services of various kinds of military directorates and on ships of the navy, immediately select committees from elected representatives from the lower ranks of the above military units
3. 2. In all military units that have not yet elected their representatives to the Soviet of Workers' Deputies, elect one representative from the companies, who will appear with written certificates in the building of the State Duma by 10 am on March 2
4. 3. In all its political speeches, the military unit is subordinate to the Council of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies and its committees.
5. 6. In the ranks and while on duty, soldiers must observe the strictest military discipline.
6. 7. Rough treatment of soldiers of all military ranks and, in particular, addressing them as "you" is prohibited

C1. Write the title of the document and the date it was adopted.

C2. Expand the main provisions of the document characterizing the relationship to the military.

C3. What event caused the adoption of this document and what is its significance for the military?

C4. Below are 2 points of view on the signing of the Brest Peace Treaty. Indicate which of the named points of view seems more preferable to you. Give at least three facts, provisions that can serve as arguments supporting your chosen point of view.

1. The signing of the Brest Peace was forced measure Of the Soviet government.
2. The signing of the Brest Peace Treaty was beneficial for the Bolsheviks, since they were afraid of losing power.

C5. ... Compare historical events the revolution of 1905 and the revolution of 1917 Name at least 2 general provisions and at least 3 differences in their activities.

An interesting idea was expressed by the Russian religious thinker of the 19th century N.F. Fedorov: “Geography tells us about the earth as a dwelling; the story is about her as about a cemetery. " Moreover, this statement is relevant for a war situation. The history of wars cannot be studied without a geographical map, so I propose to work out a methodology for solving test tasks in the USE format using a map.

FULL PROCESSING OF EVERYTHING NECESSARY FOR THE USE ON THE HISTORY OF THE MATERIAL FOR THE PERIOD 1900-1945.
high-quality analytics theoretical material
no "water" and empty reasoning
constant execution of tasks in the format of the exam
great presentation design
constant work with historical map
constant analysis of documentary sources
constant appeal to facts from spiritual culture, art, which are so difficult for graduates

And here are all the topics of the course:
1.Russia in late XIX- at the beginning of the XX centuries.
2. Social upheaval Russian history early XX century
3. Russia on the eve of the First World War (1907-1914)
4. World War I
5.Russia in 1917
6. Civil war and its consequences
7. NEP
8. History of the USSR in the 1930s.
9. USSR on the eve of World War II
10. Strategic retreat
11. Root fracture
12. The offensive stage of the Second World War

The First World War is a "blank spot" on the map of the history of Russia

2. We plotted the front lines and their movements on the map.

3. We have refreshed our knowledge of the nuances of the First World War.

4. We have determined how to find World Wars events on maps.

5. We continued to work with part 1 (test)

6. We have analyzed the key event of the First World War on the Eastern Front - the Brusilov Breakthrough in 1916.

7. We remembered how to fill out the answers to test tasks part 1 in format