Socially economic characteristics of North East China. A brief overview of the Northeastern provinces of China
Dunbei (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning) Dunbei (Keith. 東北, 东北, that is, North East) adopted in China Name of the North Eastern Part of this country, including extreme eastern part Autonomous District Inner Mongolia, Hailongjiang Province, ... ... Wikipedia
Northwest China - (Kit. Trad. 西北, Ex. 西北, Pinyin: Xīběi) ... Wikipedia
East China - Eastern region in the Chinese People's Republic of China East China (Kit. Trad. 华东, Ex. 华东 ... Wikipedia
Northeast Federal University - name M.K. Ammosova (IFF them. M.K. Ammosova) ... Wikipedia
Northeast Moscow Administrative District - North East administrative District Square ... Wikipedia
Northeast and Northwest Passages - In the history of polar studies, you can distinguish a few moments, such as: Issue by S. East and S. Western Passops and then research of polar countries produced directly with scientific purposes. About the last see Polar countries.… … encyclopedic Dictionary F. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron
China - Chinese People's Republic, PRC (Kit. Zhonghua Guenmin Gonghago). I. General K. The largest population and one of the largest countries in the world in the world; Located in Central and East Asia. In the East ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
China - The great Wall of China. The great Wall of China. China () State in Central and East Asia. Area 9.6 million square meters. km. The population is over 1.18 billion people. Capital Beijing. China One of ancient states World. 2 m thousand BC ... ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary "World History"
China - People's Republic of China, PRC, State in Center, and Vost. Asia. The name of China's name taken in Russia from the ethnonym of Cydan (they are China) Group Mong. Tribes who have conquered in the Middle Ages. regions of Sovr. China and those who have formed a state in Liao (X ... ... Geographic Encyclopedia
North-West Moscow Administrative District - North West Administrative District Square ... Wikipedia
Books
- Russian Cossacks in Northeast China: outcome, resettlement and political struggle (1920-1937), G. I. Malyshenko. The monograph on the history of Cossack emigration to Northeast China was performed on the basis of a wide range of sources and special research as domestic, taxi and foreign ... Buy for 550 rubles electronic book
- On distant borders, Melnikov Gennady Ivanovich. At the turn of the XIX-XX centuries Russian empire conducted on Far East A very active policy, seeking to strengthen and strengthen its influence in the region and, above all, Vkitai. In 1898 ...
Perhaps the administrative division of China is just as difficult as its hieroglyphic alphabet and adverb. Most often you will encounter such a concept as "traditional regions", then they will be marked.
Administrative division It has three levels: provinces, counties (cities) and parish (villages).
The country is divided into 22 provinces, 5 autonomous regions and 3 cities of central subordination. Administrative units of provincial subordination or subordination of autonomous areas include autonomous districts, counties, autonomous counties and cities.
In submission of the county or autonomous county there are volosts, national parishes and villages. Cities of central subordination and big cities They are divided into areas and treasures, while autonomous districts are divided into counties, autonomous counties and cities.
Autonomous regions, districts and counties are areas national Autonomy. Administrative regions, areas and aimaki are not authorities state powerBut represent the power of provinces and autonomous districts, which carries out jurisdiction over the relevant counties (Khoshun) or cities.
The district departments are also not authorities of state power, but represent urban areas or not divided into areas of the city. In some provinces, regional administrative units were canceled, and regional submission undertakes under the jurisdiction of the cities of provincial subordination were made in their place.
Three cities of central subordination are Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin.
Twenty-two provinces - Hebei, Shanxi, Liaoning, Jilin, Hailongjiang, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Fujian, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Taiwan.
Five autonomous regions - Inner Mongolia, Ninxia, \u200b\u200bXinjiang, Guanxi and Tibet.
These cities, provinces and autonomous regions have under their jurisdiction 31 autonomous District, 321 city and 2046 counties.
There is also an economic approach, and geographical, and climate. China's central regions, the southern and northern regions differ in all indicators. Let us dwell on the traditional approach, these names most often found in tourist directories. We have collected a list of names of the countries of the country tied to six economic regions:
- East China:, Anhui, Fujian, Jiangsu, Shandong, Jiangxi, Chezjiang
- North China:, Tanjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia
- Northeast China: Heilongjiang, Girin, Liaoning
- Northwest China: Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Xinjiang, Ninxia
- Central South China: Guangdong, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi,
In the north and east, the territory borders with Russia, in the south-east - with the DPRK. The southern part has access to the yellow sea. The population is more than 121 million people.
In Northeast China, the main part of North Korean refugees lives.
see also
- Program of the administrative and territorial redistribution of the northeast
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Excerpt characterizing Northeast China
Kutuzov, stopping to chew, surprised, as if not understanding what he was told, stared at Volzogen. Volzogen, noticing the excitement of DES Alten Herrn, [Old Mr. (Him.)] He said with a smile:- I did not consider himself entitled to hide from your lightness of what I saw ... troops in full disorder ...
- Have you seen? Have you seen? .. - frowned, shouted the Kutuzov, quickly getting up and advancing on Volzogen. - As you ... how you dare! .. - Making threatening gestures with shaking hands and choking, shouted. - How do you wash, the gracious sovereign, say this to me. You know nothing. Send from me to General Barklaj that his information is incorrect and that the real course of the battle is known to me, the commander-in-chief, better than him.
Volzogen wanted to object to something, but Kutuzov interrupted him.
"The enemy is removed on the left and amazed on the right flank. If you have poorly seen, the gracious sovereign, then do not let yourself say what you do not know. Excuse me to go to General Barclaj and convey to him the nearest of my indispensable intention to attack the enemy, "Kutuzov said strictly. All silent, and heard one heavy breathing of the fatal old general was heard. - Ring down everywhere, for which I thank God and our brave army. The enemy is defeated, and tomorrow I will chase him from the sacred land of Russian, - said Kutuzov, in hand; And suddenly sobbed from the arrived tears. Volzogen, shrugged and having twisted his lips, silently moved to the side, surprised by the Uber Diese Egenommenheit des Alten Herrn. [This is the Samoramic of the Old Mr. (it.)]
Northeast China
The landscapes of Northeast China or Dunbay are represented by the plains, sometimes hilly, sometimes flat and wetlands, and they surround them in the form of horseshoe mountains. Only in two places of the mountains have passes: one along the Sungari valley leads to the northeast to Amuru, the other in the Liaohe valley south to the Liaodong Bay. The mountains are covered with forests, which in the field foothills are replaced by a broad strip of forest-steppes, moving in prairies and steppes. Plains. Relief mountains and plains developed conjugately: the plains underlayed by the rigid arrays of the Chinese platform were predominantly lowering the mountains of raising. At the same time, in some cases, mountain lifts receded as sideways supplied blocks of the same platform (Big Hinghan), and acquired asymmetry of the slopes, and in others, as antekliza (Manchuro-Korean mountains), in the form of extensive arches. As a result of vertical stresses, a series of large faults arose, crossed the territory of Dunbay, mainly in the meridional direction. In some places, volcanic outpouring occurred due to deep splits. In addition to the plains, basalt lava and volcanoes are available in the Manchuro-Korean mountains, especially in their southeastern part, called the North Korean mountains, where basalts are covered with significant areas and such volcanic arrays will come out, like Baitoushan (2744 m) the highest peak of manchuro Korean mountains. Mountain rivers have been doing a lot of work, losing his nanos an uneven bed of Plain Sunlyao. Alluvius gradually displaced the lakes that existed here in Pleistocene. Modern rivers are wandering among alluvial and lake sediments, sometimes bypassing the protrusions of an ancient foundation and volcanic outpouring. Sunarium Nonnie plains are almost perfectly smooth lowlands (below 200 m) with hills and low ridges along the periphery. River valleys in many cases are wetlaped and difficult to master due to almost annual summer floods during monsoon rains. Recently northern part Sunlyo (Central Manchurian Plain) is intensively mastered under agricultural land. It is located on the Laohhe River and populated significantly. Not only the river valleys, but also waterprooped spaces rapidly underground, Gaown, soybeans, garden and garden crops. Crossing it from north to south, you can see a wide variety of not only agricultural, but also industrial landscapes. Around the centers extraction of coal and iron Fushuna, Fusin, Benxi, Annany and other large industrial cities and workers' settlements, huge careers alternate with the mountains of a blank breed and plants pipes.
Climatic conditions in the north and south are quite different due to changes in latitude and orographic conditions. The Central Manchurian Plain is located in the rain zone in winter it is exposed to frequent cold air invasions from Siberia and Central Asia. Cold winters are almost not interrupted by thaws, as at the South Manchurian Plain. The average temperature of January in Harbin -20 ° С (absolute minimum -33 ° C). The precipitation respectively falls out in the north of Sunlyao 550 and in the south of 665 mm per year. During the period of summer rains, which make up to 75% of annual precipitation, the rivers are widely bottled and finish the surrounding areas than the regime of valley swamps and lakes is supported. Only in winter, when rivers and lakes are covered with a thick layer of ice, a message from one shore to another becomes unhindered. Snow on the plains almost does not happen. By spring, the snow is evaporated due to dryness, so there is no spring flood on rivers. Spring cold, dry and windy. Summer begins: in May, the heat sharply replaces the cool spring days. Heat immediately affects the brown development of vegetation. Manychurgy steppes are developing on various meadow black soil soils (leached, carbonate, salted places) and low-power chernozem. The soil-forming process on the plains occurs under the influence of high summer temperatures, greater moisturizing (in places up to 800 mm of precipitation) during the period of the inversion period. It also matters the long-term freezing of soil-soils and stiring water into the soils close to the surface (rigor). Even at elevated soil sections are very moist, often depleted. Developing under the cover of a lush herbal vegetation by type of prairies North America, they differ significantly from the soils that are formed under the steppes of the Russian Plain, mainly by their hydromorphic regime (overlooking). Since moisturizing decreases to the west, the black earth, the most typical, the soils of the plains are developed in the steppe areas at the foot of Great Hingane and on its slopes. In the mountains under the forests, mining brown forest soils are developing, often apodulated. Major arrays occupy the foothills and Western slopes of the Manchuro-Korean mountains under mixed forests. Big Hingane on the West, Small Hingana in the north and manchuro-Korean mountains in the east are different from each other. Causes a different position relative to the overwhelming summer oceanic, winter and cold air, mountain raising to varying degrees is moistened. This mainly determines the particularly magnificent development of the Manchu Relician Flora in better moisturized Manchuro-Korean mountains. Solid arrays of thick mixed (coniferous-wide) forests on the slopes of these mountains make up a large wealth of the country.
In the lower zone, the thick oak-lime forests were survived with a rich undergrowth and liar. With a height of 700-800 m in them, spruce appear in them, and elo-fir-firing forests are already dominated above 1000 m. Sailboat or goltys with arows of stone blocks are towering among highly The raised flatbed of the axial zone or grows its high ridges stretched in parallel from the southwest to the northeast. The ridges are separated by wide longitudinal valleys alternating with narrower transverse. At the intersection of these valleys, wide nemgnight basins are often located. On some of them traces of the former lakes, later sipped by rivers. This orographic scheme is complemented by the bulbs of the ridges, their complex branching and the presence of a thick network of rivers. On high waterprooper plate, they take the beginning of Sungari and other rivers flowing in all directions and taking numerous tributary on the way. Rivers Fast, have thresholds and waterfalls formed by basalt dams. In some rivers, large hydraulic stations are built. Mongray basins are distinguished by the population density. Around major cities of the forest almost completely cut down. In the mountains, dense forests are well preserved; Korean cedars alternate in them with oaks (QUERCUS MONGOLICA), linden and birch of the platyphylla (Betula Platyphylla, Betula Dahurica). Cedar often forms pure plantings and is the dominant breed among conifers. Ayanskaya and Siberian ate are often found with the Fir Siberian (Abies Sibirica) and Daurica Daurica (Larix Gmelinii L. Dahurica), forming mountain taiga forests. Bolshaya Hinghan has an asymmetrical structure: a west slope shallow, oriental cool; The tops of it (up to 1750 m heights) flat river valleys have a crossbreak. In the north and south, the ridge loses linearity, asymmetric its structure is no longer pronounced. Mountain relief acquires the features of low heat without well-pronounced watersheds. The proximity of the Southern Half Highana to Central Asia and the dryness of the air explains the saturation of its forests, forest-steppe and steppes by representatives of the Mongolian flora with the domination of xerophytic plants. In the northern part of the Range dominates the Daurus Flora. Taiga Forests from Dauric Larch (Larix Dahurica) with an admixture of Mongol Oak (Quercus Mongolica) and other hardwood covers mainly the northern and northeastern slopes. The southern slopes and foothills are covered with deciduous forests and steppes.
Bibliography
To prepare this work, materials from the site http://rgo.ru were used
Dunbei (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning) Dunbei (Kit. 東北, 东北, that is, North East) adopted in China Name of the north-eastern part of this country, including the extreme eastern part of the Autonomous District of Inner Mongolia, the province of Heilongjiang, ... ... Wikipedia
- (Kit. Trad. 西北, Ex. 西北, Pinyin: Xīběi) ... Wikipedia
Eastern region in the Chinese People's Republic of China East China (Kit. Trad. 华东, Ex. 华东 ... Wikipedia
Name m.K. Ammosova (IFF them. M.K. Ammosova) ... Wikipedia
North Eastern Administrative County Square ... Wikipedia
In the history of polar studies, several moments can be distinguished, such as: Issue by S. East and S. Western Passops and then the study of polar countries produced directly with scientific purposes. For the last see Polar countries. ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron
People's Republic of China, PRC (Kit. Zhonghua Guenmin Gonghago). I. General information K. The largest population and one of the world's largest states in the world; Located in Central and East Asia. In the East ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
The great Wall of China. The great Wall of China. China () State in Central and East Asia. Area 9.6 million square meters. km. The population is over 1.18 billion people. Capital Beijing. China one of the oldest states of the world. 2 m thousand BC ... ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary "World History"
China People's Republic of China, PRC, State in the Center, and Vost. Asia. The name of China's name taken in Russia from the ethnonym of Cydan (they are China) Group Mong. Tribes who have conquered in the Middle Ages. regions of Sovr. China and those who have formed a state in Liao (X ... ... Geographic Encyclopedia
North West Administrative District Square ... Wikipedia
Books
- , G. I. Malyshenko. The monograph on the history of Cossack emigration to Northeast China was performed on the basis of a wide range of sources and special research as domestic, taxémigrant and foreign ... electronic book
- , Melnikov Gennady Ivanovich. At the turn of the XIX-XX centuries, the Russian Empire conducted a very active policy in the Far East, seeking to strengthen and strengthen its influence in the region and, above all, Vkitai. In 1898 ...
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