The longest scientific experiment in history was completed. Search results for \\ "long experiments \\" long-term field experiments

Some studies are delayed for decades, and it seems that their curators are no longer as important as the result and the Nobel Prize is not needed. It's just not very clear how to stop the process.

In this article we will talk about the longest experiments in the history of science. Each of them still continues, although some of them were started in the 19th century.

In 1840, in England, an electric call was made, working since then, although on the verge of hearingness, but almost continuously. The device is two bells, between which a metal ball is suspended on the thread. It alternately hits each of the calls under the influence of energy coming from two electrical batteries of unknown production. Scientists do not know what the batteries are accurately made. Since the device uses the forces of electrostatic attraction, a very small amount of energy is spent to maintain work. The call is listed in the Guinness Records Book as the most durable battery. It is currently installed in the Clarendon Lab in Oxford. It is estimated that he sounded more than 10 billion times. The experiment will continue until the battery charge is still over. Although there is a chance that the mechanism itself is used earlier.

Fertilizers in the fields

In 1856, an experiment "Park Grass Experiment" began to study the influence of inorganic, and later organic fertilizers at the Herb, and later organic fertilizers on the Herb crops, began in Hartfordshir's Agrobiological Station in Great Britain. The herbal field, before that served as the pasture, was broken by the plots. They are applied a variety of fertilizers. At the same time, the two control values \u200b\u200bfertilizer are not applied at all. After a few years after the start of the experiments, John Lowes and Henry Jilbert found that the application of certain fertilizer types leads to an increase in yield. At the same time, a reduction in plant species on fertilizable areas was registered. Today, all the plots differ in varieties, thickness of herbs and the state of the soil. Park Grass is considered one of the most prolonged environmental experiments expressing external facts on biodiversity.

In 1879, Professor of the University of Michigan William James Bill began a long experiment in Botanic. The scientist set out to determine whether the seeds will germinate if they are not untouched for a very long time. To do this, he poured into 20 bottles of sand and seeds of various plants and buried their neck down to prevent the water from entering them. Initially, it was intended to dig over one bottle every five years and sawing the seeds to see if they retain their seed properties. Since 1920, the break between the inspections increased to 10 years, from the 1980s to 20 years. Currently, the experiment oversees Frank TV, Head of the Botanical Garden of Michigan University. In 2000, the scientist dug up a fifteenth bottle. According to him, only two of the 21 plants in it are sprouted. The next bottle will be dug in 2020, and the experiment is planned to be completed in 2100

In 1927, Professor Thomas Parnell from the University of Queensland in Australia began an experiment, proving that the frozen bitumen, although it looks like a solid, is actually a hypotherapy liquid. Having placed a part of the heated substance in a funnel, he allowed him to frost, took off the seal with the neck of the funnel and began to wait. Since then, eight drops fell into the substituted minzour, the first in December 1938, the last one in November 2000. Substances in the funnel will have enough to continue observation for another hundred years. Until now, no one managed to fix the moment of the fall of the drop. Currently, in the office, where the experience passes, the webcam is installed and broadcast on the Internet, allowing everyone to participate in observation. In 2005, Professor Parnell and his colleague John Mainstone became the laureates of the Nobel Prize for the longest experimentconducted in laboratory conditions. Moreover, Parnell posthumously died between the second and third drops. The experiment is noted in the Guinness Book of Records.

In 1944, a similar experiment proving that bitumen is a liquid substance, unknown scientists in the Tiniti College in Ireland began. For 69 years, there are also a few drops of a few drops from the funnel installed. And Australian, and Irish experiments have shown that drops come off on average once every ten years. On July 11, 2013, the experiment brought the first official result officially. The curator of the project physicist Shane Berdin was for the first time in history to fix on the webcam, as the bitumen drips. The process takes place in two stages - first the formed drop of the amount with a finger is separated, then the thin thread connecting the drop and the mass in the funnel. After analyzing the data obtained, scientists from Trinity College found that bitumen viscosity of 2 million times higher than the viscosity of honey. Despite the result achieved, Irish scientists do not plan to finish this long experiment. Ten years later, they plan to fix the fall of the next drop with the help of new technologies that appeared by the moment.

Cardiology test

Since 1948, more than 65 years has been continuing the longest experiment in medicine today. Scientists from the University of Boston and National Institute Hearts, lungs and blood (NHLBI) study signs and risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases, conducting observation of the residents of the city of Framingham in Massachusetts. In the initial stage, 5.2 thousand healthy men and women between the ages of 30 and 62 were participated in it, then their children and grandchildren joined. All of them agreed every two years to pass various medical tests to give doctors material for analysis. According to these data, in particular, the main factors that increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases were identified: increased blood pressure, smoking, overweight, diabetes, sedentary lifestyle. In addition, many other discoveries were made. For example, genes related to pressure, obesity, Alzheimer's disease are revealed. The study continues until now, the last set of new participants was carried out in 2002-2003.

The experiment is carried out in artificially created conditions, and from the complex complex of diverse natural influences on the body is selected and the impact of only individual isolated factors.

The experiment is carried out mostly in the study of physiological processes. The experiment can be short-term and long.

An example of a short-term experiment or experience conducted by PA lectures are well-known work on the study of the composition of seeds, the physical properties of the soil, the formation of starch in the leaves, etc. The most simple experiments, such as seed germination conditions, water evaporation by leaves with leaves are performed at home. As an example of short-term experiments conducted in the course of human physiology, it is possible to name the work on clarifying the digestive action of saliva and gastric juice.

The biological experiment requires most of a long time, so it is not entirely carried out in the lessons, but only experimening the experiment and its results.

According to general biology, long experiments put long experiments to clarify the influences of various environmental factors on the organisms, on the crossing of animals (laboratory mice, golden hamsters, pigeons).

Experimental work Students are usually carried out in the order of extracurricular activities (individual or group) in the corner of wildlife or on an educational and experienced sector of school.

The most diverse experiments on an educational and experimental site. They are especially durable and occupy the entire growing season, i.e. the whole summer. Students set questions or tasks that are solved by comparing the results of experience and control (experimental and control plants or animals are put in the same conditions, except for one experienced). During experience, accurate observations with measurements are carried out. Of particular importance is the correct fixation of observations and the results of experience in special signs, allowing you to compare the development and yield of experienced and control plants and submitting to the conclusions. The formulation of experiments should teach students to the discipline of thought, to culture, accuracy, reliability and honesty in research.

Students are taught to the formulation of the experiment, starting with the simplest experiments at home and in the corner of wildlife, thereby preparing to more complex and long-term experiences on the school educational and experimental site.

Long experiments and observations of animals are associated with the study of their behavior. Very diverse experiments on Czech or other conditional reflexes for vertebrates. These works are also carried out in extracurricular time, and their results are used in the lesson.

Each type of practical methods (work on distinguishing and determining, conducting observation, registering phenomena, the experiment) takes place a number of stages: 1 . The question of the issue that causes the purpose of the work. 2 . Instructing technical and organizational. 3 . Performance (definition, observation, experience). 4 . Fixing results (carried out simultaneously with the performance). 5 . Conclusions that answer the depressed question. 6 . Report or message about your work in the lesson.

The practical work of the student, depending on the content, can be built deductive, when the already known position is confirmed by the facts, or inductively, when the basis of the facts is concluded. Recognition of plants or animals and their organs, as a rule, is built deductive, the experiment is almost always inductively; Work on definition and observation with subsequent registration can be inductive and deductive.

Any methods are carried out in the practice of teaching techniques. Methodical techniques are the elements of a method that express individual actions of the teacher and students in the teaching process. They can wear a logical, organizational and technical character. In fig. 2 shows the structure of practical work in the lesson by various methodological techniques.

In each form of practical work, it is necessary to distinguish between a preliminary research nature and work subsequent, enshrining and practitioners.

The first students are given before studying the issue, and students decide the experience of the task set before them, the results of the work are demonstrated and discussed at the corresponding lesson.

The second is held after studying the issue, and theoretical knowledge of students apply in practice by checking the details in other options.

In the process of teaching biology, practical methods are modified - develop in accordance with the enhancement of independence of students and complications.

Correctly spent practical work Forced students to do a number of logical operations: identifying similarities and differences, classification, conclusion, generalization, conclusion.

For example, in the 6th grade, students consistently proposed two works: 1) familiarize themselves with the phenomenon of variability on various objects2) to identify the causes of variability.

Practical works are developing the skills and skills of students only with proper systematic conducting them. To them, schoolchildren need to be involved systematically, gradually translating them from short in time, lungs on technology and organization to longer and difficult.

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Some features of the metabolism and productivity of fine-like sheep with the feeding of increased cottage of corn silage the displacement dish. ... candidate of biological sciences

Omsk State Veterinary Institute

The goal of our work was to study some features of the metabolism and productivity of the sheep of the Soviet Merino, when feeding them by the increased cottage of silage corn and on the basis of this, recommending sheepodic farms Western Siberia. Typical diets for growing and fattening sheep.

Experiments "were held in 4 periods, every 26 days each.<...> In each experience, the preparation of the time period lasted 15 days, and the accounting-10 days.<...> The krtson, in every experienced period, was held in 3 daily experience.<...> The actual feed rate of feed with sheep experimental groups over the period of experience is provided in Table 5.<...>Long-term feeding of sheep corn silos improved nutritious and flavors of fat due to

Preview: Some features of metabolism and productivity of fine-mounted sheep when feeding increased Corn Silos.pdf (0.0 MB)

Halfing of buckwheat in the conditions of the Udmurt ASSR Author the abstract dis. ... candidate of agricultural science

Gorky Agricultural Institute

1. To summarize the existing material on buckwheat and reveal the reasons for producing low yields in the Udmurt ASSR. 2. Develop, in relation to Udmurtia, agrotechnical techniques that would significantly increase the harvest and gross fees of this valuable food culture.

Placed experiments in the field!<...> B experiments are exploring the action of fertilizer, the quantity and view of them contributed according to the scheme of experiments.<...> The task of experience included an assessment of the upgrades of you, as an agrotechnical reception.<...> The results of the experience are presented in Table 7.<...> The weight of 1000 grains and the film from experiences were almost the same. .five.

Preview: Preparations of the cultivation of buckwheat in the conditions of the Udmurt ASSR.PDF (0.0 MB)

The study of the photoperiodic reaction of the flowering of some short-day plants the abstract dish. ... candidate of biological sciences

Agrophysical Research Institute

The purpose of this work was the study of primary, specific units of the photoperiodic reaction of flowering, short-bottomed plants associated with the work of the Pigment System of Phytochrome and the mechanism of endogenous near-dry rhythm or "biological clock".

The technique "Experiments" was carried out with two typical short-dimensional plants: perille oil and eggs<...> \u003e In another experience after transferring to the continuous lifter 5 W / m2 of plants with continuous light 27 W / m2 "<...> In our experiments on the perille, this effect was not obtained, which contradicts a hypothesis about changing the sign of the sign<...> This effect was obtained in our experiments of KA "K with" perille; So with Ipomey.<...>Experiments also allowed to give a new explanation to suppress blossoms of long exposures "blue

Preview: study of the photoperiodic blossom reaction of some short-day plants.pdf (0.0 MB)

Influence of strontium, manganese and copper on the exchange of iodine in sheep the abstract dis. ... candidate of biological sciences

Academy of Sciences Kyrgyz SSR Joint Council of Biological Sciences

The purpose of this study was to study the exchange of iodine in sheep with a different level of it in the diet and determination of the influence of strontium, manganese and copper on its intensity.

The technique of carrying out balance tests is the usual. , After carrying out the balance experiments of the fifth series of experiments<...>Experiments E. P. Ilibezova and R. II.<...> It is possible that long-term feeding (more than 180 days) of increased amounts of iodine by our experimental<...> have shown that large doses of strontium cause a parenchymal goiter in sheep, and for this not required long<...> In the experiments of M. U. Mambetova and R. N.

Preview: Influence of strontium, manganese and copper on iodine exchange in sheep.pdf (0.0 MB)

The cultivation of cucumbers and other vegetable crops in the scenes and under a light film in the northwestern zone the abstract dish. ... candidate of agricultural science

Voronezh Agricultural Institute

At the same time, we have set up the following tasks: 1. To study the microclimate in the scenes and under the shelter from the transit film. 2. Track the influence of the scene and film shelter on the biology of the development and crop of cucumbers and other vegetable crops.

Observations and research on experiments were carried out after: 1.<...> The length of the scene by years of experiments was from 70 to 150 m, width 1 m.<...> Sowing cucumbers under the film in the experiment was held by V.Dva Sroy Ka - May 29 and 8. Iyuna.<...> control (in case of ventilation). "Under large-sized frames of plants shelled longer<...> When shelting in the scenes, the film was less undergoing the act of winds, and therefore a longer time

Preview: Cultivation of cucumbers and other vegetable crops in the scenes and under the light film in the northwestern zone.pdf (0.0 MB)

Ways to increase the harvest of eggplants in the Rostov region the abstract dish. ... candidate of agricultural science

Crimean Agricultural Institute named after M. I. Kalinina

The purpose and objectives of the research. 1) Based on the study of individual biological features to develop agrotechnical cultivation of high yields of eggplants. 2) As a result of varieties, identify the most valuable and promising varieties that meet the requirements of the canning industry.

The experiments were carried out by the field method in four-time repetition.<...> Copyright OJSC TsKB "Bibcom" & LLC "Agent KNIGA-CERVIS" Vegetation experiments "(vegetative experiments<...> Field experiments of Parts in the field conditions for the conduct of irrigations were determined by the humidity of the soil.<...> Field experiments confirmed the tatti vegetative tatts.<...> For a more uniform and long supply of canning plants and the market with high-quality raw materials of eggplant

Preview: Ways to increase the harvest of eggplants in the Rostov region.pdf (0.0 MB)

Study of secretory processes in a blind intestine in calves due to age and diet displays. ... candidate of biological sciences

Our research plan included the following tasks: 1) Develop a method of isolating a blind intestine in calves under the age of 1 month; 2) to explore physiochemical properties juice and 3) to investigate the enzymatic activity of the secret of the blind intestine in connection with age and diet

Therefore, before you start our experiments, we started developing a method of insulating a blind intestine.<...>Experiments were held in two series. As the basis of feeding, the diagram of Vija is taken.<...> Based on these data and other experiments, the Department of Physiology with.<...> Of the 63 experiments, it is not a single case of sacramental activity.<...> - by the second series of experiments.

Preview: Study of secretory processes in a blind intestine in calves due to age and diet.pdf (0.0 MB)

The role of mycoplasma in the disease of respiratory organs ducklings in experiment and natural conditions the displacement dish. ... candidate of veterinary sciences

Kharkiv Zoo-Veterinary Institute

1. Isolate and explore the biology of PPLA allocated from ducks with diseases of the respiratory organs, and determine their role in the ethnology of the disease. 2. Isolate and explore the biological properties of viral agents and find out their role in the course of the disease. 3. Examine the clinic and pathologicomorphological changes both in natural infection and under experimental conditions

In total, more than 700 embryos and 100 ducklings were used in these experiments.<...> In the experiments, 40 heads were used; "10- * 20 days.<...> All experiments "repeated twice.<...> With long-term passenger on artificial nutrition "media, pleuropneumopic organisms are losing<...>Experiments on the reproduction of the disease in all cases were successful.

Preview: The role of mycoplasm in respiratory diseases ducklings in experiment and natural conditions.pdf (0.0 MB)

Unconventional bioregulators (exudate, fusikocycin, symbiont-2, spurs) as a factor in improving the efficiency of bean-rizobial symbiosis Auto dish. ... candidate of biological sciences

Determine the effect of bioregulators on pure cultures

The vegetative experiments were carried out in the vessels with a capacity of 6 kg of soil, they were grown by b plants.<...> Scheme of experiments on spraying plants clover crawling in the 2nd year of life: 1. Control, 2. Symbiount 1<...> In microwavestashnya experiments, exudat, to a lesser extent, the allelels stimulated the formation of the magazine<...> With VAZ and alleleeness not to Dalapretchev. * ", -" "in the growing experience, acceleration is noted in the soil<...> In control, relative losses amounted to 58, and in the experience of only 17x biological crops of seeds.

Preview: Unconventional bioregulators (exudate, fusikocycin, symbiont-2, spur) as a factor in improving the efficiency of bean-rizobal symbiosis.pdf (0.0 MB)

Organ-defective composts and their use on serous-meadow saltwateted soils and serosms of ordinary abstract dish. ... candidate of agricultural science

Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz SSR Joint Council for Biological Sciences

The purpose of this work is to study the use of defecation dirt on meadow-angry soloncent soils and on the northern customs of serozes, the rationale for the preparation of a defect by composting with dung and plaster, determining the dose and timing of the use of cooked composts and their influence on crop crops.

Scheme of experiments with sermoemium-arc weak-tired soil. ^ "" 1. Control. 2.<...> Scheme of experiments on the serosons of northern ordinary. 1. Control. . V "^ 2.<...> ".. I" Field experiments were carried out in the state farm "suburban" ** in Sov Hose we.<...> The scheme of field experiments laid on the serosms of nuclear ordinary (state farm.<...> These experiences are reduced to -!

Preview: Organ-defective composts and their use on serous-meadow saltwateted soils and ordinary serosms. PDDF (0.0 MB)

Improving the efficiency of the main mineral fertilizer when local contribution to potatoes on turf-podzolic light-coded soils the abstract dish. ... candidate of agricultural science

Belarusian Order of Labor Red Banner Agricultural Academy

We devoted our research to the study of the most effective use Mineral fertilizer on sowing such valuable culture as potatoes.

Experiments have been laid on a non-barren background and on pho well 20 t / ha.<...> Repeability in the experiment is eightykrat.<...> Results of studies of vegetation experiments Experience scheme H data characterizing the admission of radioactive<...> The difference in crops is within the error experience.<...> Experiments of the experiments "Z * Ch E" \u003d O O O O, A. N O O 3 O "Z \u003d 5 W O\u003e?

Preview: Improving the efficiency of basic mineral fertilizer with local contribution to potatoes on turf-podzolic light gravily soils.pdf (0.0 MB)

The exchange of lyinides in the system of hemat and encephalic barrier in cattle displacement dish. ... candidate of biological sciences

Leningrad Veterinary Institute

The purpose of this work was to study the metabolism of lipids in a large cattle system and clarifying the impact on their exchange of some factors of the physiological state of the organism and the functional state of the central nervous system.

Results, experiments on the influence of the functional state W C (excitation, braking) for metabolism,<...> Animals O1 "" "injury. And *. Inflammatory processes in the experiments did not turn on.<...> In accordance with the tasks assigned 4 series of experiments. "" "" "*" V ::.<...> The scheme of experimental experiments in both cases was the same.<...>The experiments were carried out on 10 bulls of black motley breed aged 12-13 months.

Preview: exchange of lyinides in the system of hemat and encephalic barrier in cattle.pdf (0.0 MB)

Fighting weeds in corn crops with herbicides Abstract dis. ... candidate of agricultural science

M.: Moscow Order of Lenin Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev

1. To identify the most effective preparations for the fight against weeds; 2. Install optimal dosages, deadlines, methods of crushing with these herbicides, corn and weed sensitivity to them 3. To find out the effectiveness of the use of sodium salt of 2,4-D in a mixture with mineral fertilizers and to establish the reinforcement of the toxic effect of said herbicide in such a mixture .

Small-shallow experiments "were carried out. On the defaults of Mr. Mr. M. M with fourfold singerno.<...> Vegg Getashagon's experiments were laid in Mitryculic vessels. with four-time repetition ..<...> The herbicides were made by spraying or abolishing, depending, or the objective of experience.<...> We give data from two-year experiments on the Tsos Viul (see Table: 1) ./. . . .<...> However, these deviations from control are insignificant and are within Accuracy experience.

Preview: Fighting weeds in corn crops with herbicides.pdf (0.0 MB)

Field grass in the Sumy region the author's abstract dis. ... candidate of agricultural science

Kharkiv Order of the Labor Red Banner Agricultural Institute named after V. V. Dokuchaev

Considering that in the soil-climatic conditions of the collective farms of most areas of the Sumy region, sowing perennial legumes and cereals is a very important event to raise soil fertility, an increase in the crops and gross collection of grain and other crops, as well as the creation of a strong feed base of animal husbandry, it is necessary for collective farms The areas, sowing herbs, first of all solve the issue of raising their crops

.-, * eleven ; "" "" ";" H * Materials we spent experience. B-collective farms "com" h [mystery ",!<...> and "Agrotechnical :: Sl6V" IA "holding 7 experiments in-1949-1953vrr ..<...> * - Done: only ^ based on) Methodically specifically. Advanced: experience, "*; Tel. * Such experience," Conditions<...> K o n t r o l e g ^ t; "-Materials provided.; In tab.\u003e 7 by experience.<...> T a b l and c a "7: /" Options ... Speech. "", "Culture. ? "and grass?

Preview: field grass in Sumy region.pdf (0.1 MB)

The use of antibiotics during the cultivation and fattening of young cattle displacement dish. ... Doctors of Agricultural Sciences

M.: Moscow Order of Lenin and the Order of the Labor Red Banner Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev

The purpose of the research. The work was tasked with: to study the influence of various medical and non-medical destination antibiotics manufactured in our country, to grow, develop and use feed when growing young cattle and its fattening using various diet and feeding types. The goal was to study the mechanism of action of various antibiotics on some metabilities of animal metabolism in the body of animals, in particular, on the digestibility of nutrients of the rations, the balance of nitrogen, carbon, energy, calcium, phosphorus, a number of biochemical and morphological indicators of blood, the influence of antibiotics on the intestinal microfological path Animals and the development of its antibiotic resistance, action directly on the cells of the animal organism.

Experiments were carried out according to the diagram indicated in the chart 1.<...> The results of scientific and business experiences are shown in Table 1.<...> Table data show that in most experiences 9.<...> Duration of experiments: 120 and 57 days.<...> Calculations on the example of one of the experiments in the collective farm.

Preview: The use of antibiotics during the cultivation and fattening of young cattle.pdf (0.1 MB)

The rational use of the herbicides of soil action due to the intensification of agriculture the abstract dis. ... Doctors of Agricultural Sciences

M.: Moscow Order of Lenin and the Order of the Labor Red Banner Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev

Purpose: study of the competition of cultural and weed plants to substantiate criteria that determine the need to use and choose effective herbicides. Justification of the optimal use of herbicides. Development of agrotechnical principles for the use of herbicides.

In all, "experiments were determined by the effect of the products of the" NPIIEVIOB on weeding and; cultivated plants.<...> In some experiments, the removal of weeline of the camp of the main batteries was taken into account.<...> B. experiments with potatoes revealed changes in the quality of the crop indicators: dry matter content<...> When comparing: "options * Experience relations Veli- ..<...> -Ah ": / 5o - the number of days from the beginning of the experience ;:; l\u003e 1 \\ *. :: 1l - Lag-deeriod, days. N -: -"; "." G?

Preview: rational use of soil herbicides due to agriculture intensification.pdf (0.0 MB)

The biological foundations of increasing the seed of corn in conditions of dehydration displacement disk. ... Doctors of Agricultural Sciences

All-Union Order of Lenin Academy of Agricultural Sciences named after V. I. Lenin

The purpose of this work is to find ways to increase the speed of drying seed corn with simultaneous improvement in its quality of seeds.

.,; "Seeds of corn, -vurated different ~. ways with long-term storage (8-e.let).; - ::;;;<...> This is due to, by visually,% by the fact that in the process of long drying. In the warehouses of active valve<...> ; V is ~ humidity *;, corn, ":. With long-term" storage of it with ". ",..;.,.; - d.<...> Tin on more high level Compared to other SPO dog drying, i.e. provides the longest<...> Copyright OJSC TsKB Bibsky & Agent KNIG-CERVIS LLC ": \\" "; long-term" storage. "

Preview: Biological basis for increasing the seed merits of corn in conditions of dehydration.pdf (0.0 MB)

№8 [Sowing, 1989]

Socio-political magazine. It turns out from 11 November 1945, published by the eponymous publishing house. The motto of the magazine - "God is not in force, but in the truth" (Alexander Nevsky). The frequency of the magazine changed. Originally went out as a weekly edition, for some time he went twice a week, and from the beginning of 1968 (number 1128) was a monthly magazine.

m y depends on the BPI of the Party, about the B L A D AUTH NA A C H N Y M M I R O V O Z S R E N E M RO<...> And ek and d r o in k about m p and r t and and, to about the second to about e ch e y, he learned on the PR O V A L and in Schever<...> And to extract it from the experiment in the experiment of the Fleet of the Vintage: "Guillotine<...> "On the experience of the Government of B E D and Elk, P and C A L Baron, that only in freedom of printing n and x about d and t<...> to and in k l and n and k a d l i n e r in n about patients, with m and e a position

Preview: Sowing No. 8 1989.pdf (1.1 MB)

Optimization of the humus state of heavy divided turf-podzolic soils of long-lasting experiments of the COS VIUA based on the information database displacement displacement. ... candidate of biological sciences

The purpose of this paper is to determine the optimal level of content and qualitative parameters of the humus of heavy divided turf-podzolic soils of the COS VIUA based on creating a database and a study of information 7 long experiments as well detailed study Qualitative parameters of the humus state of soil

to mineralization; Calculation of carbon balance in agrocenosis of various options for long-term experiments of the COS VIUA<...> For the first time, an electronic database of long-term experiments was created for a particular region.<...> For the first time for all long-term experiments of the COS VIUA in the Unified Program and the methodology, high-quality<...> a brief description of long experiments of Tsos Vioua Experience code, duration of SS-5, 19641999.<...> The effect of long-term use of fertilizers on the content of humus in long-term experiments of the COS VIUA

Preview: Optimization of the humus state of heavy-bodied turf-podzolic soils of long-term experiments of the COS VIUA based on an information database .PDF (0.0 MB)

The humus state and nitrogen fund of the main types of soils with prolonged use of fertilizers the abstract displacement. ... Doctors Biological Sciences

M.: Moscow Order of Lenin, Order of the October Revolution and Order of the Labor Red Banner State University named after M.V. Lomonosov

The purpose of this paper is based on the use of a comparative geographical method to explore the nature of the prolonged impact of various fertilizer systems on quantitative and qualitative indicators of the humus and nitrogen assembly of the soils of the main genetic types; To identify the main factors that determine the impact of fertilizers on the humus state of soil and the possibility of its directional regulation in intensive agriculture.

fertilizers, baked j V b form and dose corresponding to a long-term experience.<...> In micropole experiments on the use of dilated SU sandy soils of long experience<...> "Confusion and quality of humus in the long experiments of CEV countries."<...> "Research program in long experiments with fertilizers." In KN.<...> "Methodical instructions for conducting research in long experiments on fertilizers."

Preview: humus condition and nitrogen funds of the main types of soils with long-term use of fertilizer.pdf (0.0 MB)

Assessment of the productive ability of field crops on thermal calorieness The displacement displacement. ... candidate of agricultural science

M.: Moscow Order of Lenin Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev

The main task of agricultural production during the deployed construction of communism is to ensure the maximum fees of crop production and animal husbandry from the area of \u200b\u200bthe square with minimal tracts and means.

Observations on the change of fertility of the solard "You,; in long experiments also allow us to evaluate<...> It is the results of long experiments and. prove that soil fertility under annual culture "mi<...> T a b l and c A 8 caloric content of field crops of crop rotation and under monoculture in. long experience TCHL<...> Such "data, in 1962 in five cultures of long-term experience of TSHL - OZ. Rye, oats, potatoes, flares and<...>Long experiments, conducted by both abroad and in our country, including those whose

Preview: Evaluation of the productive ability of field crops on thermal calorie content .PDF (0.1 MB)

№1 [Agrochemistry, 2018]

Nikitina Studies of potash mode of different types of soil in long experiments of geoseti 39 Research of the<...> In 2016, there were 75 years of geographical network of long experiments with fertilizers.<...> Directions and results of scientific research in long experiments of geosetic.<...> In other experiments, for example, in a long-term experience conducted on chestnut soil in Buryatia, annual contribution<...> Methodical instructions for conducting research in long-term fertilizer experiments.

Preview: Agrochemistry №1 2018.pdf (0.1 MB)

Evaluation of the potash mode of different types of soil and the effectiveness of potash fertilizers in long experiments the displacement dish. ... candidate of biological sciences

M.: All-Russian Research Institute of UD

The purpose and objectives of the research. The purpose of our research was: to evaluate the potash regime of ferrous-podzolic and gray forest soils of various granulometric composition using a complex of generally accepted and thermodynamic methods for determining potassium in the soil and determine the effectiveness of potash fertilizers in crop rotations.

The duration of experiments is 7-16 years old.<...> Table 1 Potassium balance in lengthy experience on the sampling (ryptioche) Indicators made potassium with parole<...> Table 2 Potassium balance in lengthy experience at the quillection) /.<...> Table 3 Potassium balance in lengthy experience on the medium divided basis (NISH CEGEPO-East L) "" -. "<...> Bacchas phosphorus and potassium in long experiments on chernozem ". Soils (in collaboration).

Preview: Evaluation of the potassium mode of different types of soils and the effectiveness of potash fertilizers in long-term experiments.pdf (0.0 MB)

Organic substance and fertility of turf-podzolic soils under conditions of intense farming the abstract dis. ... Doctors of Agricultural Sciences

M.: Moscow Order of Lenin and the Order of the Labor Red Banner Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev

The purpose and objectives of the research. 1. To theoretically substantiate the role of organic matter as the most important component of arable turf-podzolic soil in conditions of intensive farming ...

The main type of soil structure of the long experiment TSHL is a "microstructure.<...> Similar data but the soil respiration is obtained in the third long-term experience (Education "Schapovo").<...> The correlation coefficient between these. The capabilities of the televisions in the long experiment TSHL amounted to + 0.56.<...>Experience TSHL The results of classical long-term experiments with low levelly aligned or non-level<...> To the characteristic of the organic matter "according to the scheme ^ Springer in the soils of the long experiment TSHA.

Preview: Organic substance and fertility of ferrous-podzolic soils under conditions of intensive farming.pdf (0.0 MB)

The effect of long-term use of fertilizers on the agroecological state of podzolic and chernozem soils of the European part of Russia the author's displacement. ... Doctors of Agricultural Sciences

M.: Soil Institute. V.V.Dokucheva

Objectives and objectives of research. The aim of studies was a agro-ecological assessment of changes in the dend-podzolic and black soils of the European part of Russia in conditions of long-term use of fertilizers by integrated and systemic study of the composition, the properties of soils for the cognition of the aggrogenous soil evolution in various soil-climatic conditions.

Research was carried out in 1981-2002. In conditions of a long time of cyclical experience: "Efficiency<...> Characteristics of the soil and conditions of studies of long experience Wiiz.<...> Table 2 Mineralogical composition of or strong fractions of dend-podzolic soils of long experiment Dao (in<...> Within variants of long-term experience, a clear tendency to greater sophisticated content<...> The results of the analysis of the humus state of the dend-podzolic soils of the long experiment Dao are presented

Preview: The impact of the long-term use of fertilizers on the agroecological state of podzolic and black-earth soils of the European part of Russia.pdf (0.0 MB)

The agrogenous transformation of the humus of dend-podzolic soils based on the study of information of long experiments the abstract displacement. ... candidate of biological sciences

M.: All-Russian Research Institute of Fertilizers and Agricultural Sciences named after D. N. Sanishnikov

The purpose of studies was the study of the patterns of the transformation of humus in arable forces-podzolic soils in the diversity of the impacts of the factors responsible for his behavior, an attempt to adequately reflect its behavior (modeling) in agrocenosis with various combinations of agrotechnical and agrochemical techniques, development and choice on this basis of principles, criteria and ways to optimize the humus state of soil

",\u003e, 2..Slect information about the dynamics of humus content in long experiments with fertilizers on<...> Subsequently * - "" Bank was supplemented "again; published results of long experiments (I.V.<...> In the specific experiments included in the data bank, Dina Mika Gumus was studied for all sufficiently long<...> Kershesa ", made when measuring the levels of stabilization of the CPR valitative experiments of Germany (1992)..;<...> Long experiments on suesy and light-coded turf-proclaimed soils.

Preview: agrogenous transformation of the humus of dend-podzolic soils based on a study of information of long-term experiments .PDF (0.0 MB)

Effectiveness of turf-podzolic soil by long-term use of fertilizers, lime, crop rotation and repeated crops the abstract displacement. ... candidate of agricultural science

M.: Moscow Order of Lenin Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev

An attempt was made to establish: 1) changes in the properties of the dend-podzolic soil under the influence of fertilizers, crop rotation and repeated crops, 2) the effectiveness of fertilizers and lime during long-term, systematic use.

Recently, a large scientific and practical interest has begun to acquire long-term field experiments.<...> The longest experiments, have Timiryazevskaya Academy, Dao, Solikamskaya, Poltava, Kharkov and<...> The most weathered long-lasting experiments, but comparison, the effectiveness of equalized the number of major<...> The academies of long experiments "TSHL were laid in 1912. IIA light unhappy-dusty sublinks.<...> In long experiments, a movement of the order of fertilizer efficiency is established.

Preview: Extraction of turf-podzolic soil by long-term use of fertilizers, lime, crop rotation and repeated crops.pdf (0.0 MB)

Mode of humus and harvest in conditions of long-term use of fertilizers in crop rotation and under permanent culture displacement dis. ... candidate of agricultural science

M.: Moscow Order of Lenin and the Order of the Labor Red Banner Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev

The object of our research was the longest and methodically perfect field hospitals of TSHA and a long-term agrochemical experimental station

- "In addition to long experiments, to clarify private issues in our studies were widely used<...> Methods of conducting long experiments of TSHA. "" ":" Described in detail in the works of V. E.<...> The soil of the long experience of Dao is a heavier long experiment TSHL characterized by unequal participation in crop yields<...> Comparison of the results of determining qualitative from Stava humus soil long experiment TSHA in 1962 and

Preview: Mode of humus and harvest in conditions of long-term use of fertilizers in crop rotation and under permanent culture.pdf (0.2 MB)

№2 [Agrochemistry, 2018]

The subjects published in the journal articles indicate the integral nature of the problems of agrochemistry. The results are printed on the magazine pages. fundamental studies Soil fertility with long-term use of fertilizers, the effects of chemicals on the biological activity of soils, the physiological biochemical aspects of optimizing the mineral nutrition of plants, applying fertilizers, growth regulators, pesticides. The issues of plant resistance to abiotic factors of the medium and agroecological aspects of the use of genetically modified crops are considered. Much attention is paid to the issues of agroecology and ecotoxicology. The journal presents work on the study of the effects of global climate change; reduce soil toxicity contaminated with heavy metals, pesticides, petroleum products; Methods of increasing plant resistance to adverse environmental factors are proposed.

Using unified schemes and programs in long experiments developed by D. N.<...> For a long period of field experiments, extensive material on the influence of various systems has been accumulated<...> A brief description of the experiments is given in Table. 1, from which it can be seen that their duration is 20<...> Brief characteristic of long experiments Experienced Establishment of crop rotation, culture Duration of experience Options<...> A significant reduction in the content of humus in the soil occurred in the long-term experience.

Preview: Agrochemistry №2 2018.pdf (0.1 MB)

The role of long-term use of crop rotation, monoculture and fertilizer in the dynamics of the agronomic properties of the soil and yield the author's abstract. ... candidate of agricultural science

M.: Moscow Order of Lenin Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev

1. Find out the role of long-term use of crop rotation with herbs to improve soil fertility. 2. Establish the influence of annual and perennial plants with their immune cultivation on the dynamics of fertility elements

CHAPTER I The results of long experiments on the effect of systematic use of fertilizer and crop rotation on<...> It also examines some of these long-term experiments of England, Hungary, Germany and the United States.<...> On the exchange-eyed podzolic soils in any of the long experiments there was no case, the Koga would be a crop<...> L1teloch, and the conditions for holding a long experience of TCHL in this chapter are considered experimental<...> The results of the tatti, obtained by us in the conditions of long experience, but in terms of the dynamics of conditions and elements

Preview: The role of long-term use of crop rotation, monocultures and fertilizer in the dynamics of the agronomic properties of the soil and yield.pdf (0.0 MB)

Planning long experiments with hope and statistical analysis of their data Abstract dis. ... candidate of agricultural science

M.: All-Union Order of the Labor Red Banner Scientific Research Institute of Fertilizers and Agricultural Sciences named after D. N. Spainishnikova

Purpose of work. The author set the purpose: to / teach the methodological level of long-term experiments with fertilizers in the country's agricultural research institutions; b / formulate mathematical criteria for the effectiveness of experimental schemes; to / offer relatively compact schemes of experiments with high informativeness; g / output the formula of the average accuracy of the awarded data; d / examine the spatial-temporal structures of long experiments; e / offer adequate methods statistical processing of data for long experiments; W / specify ways to use this data for optimal planning of land and helpful resources.

production with led to the revolution increase in the number of long-term experiments, the number of which is currently<...> Methods of statistical analysis of data for long-term experiments and their use in economic planners<...> The author developed justified the spatial-temporal structure of long experiments on the study of doses.<...>long experiments on the study of fertilizer systems in crop rotation from the point of contention<...>experiments ", in Raidel 1" The system of fertilizers in crop rotation "raise the structures of long experiments

Preview: Planning long experiments with hope and statistical analysis of their data.pdf (0.0 MB)

Methodological foundations of improving the agricultural assessment of elements of agriculture systems in a long field experiment the abstract displacement. ... Doctors of Agricultural Sciences

The purpose of the work covered the issues of theoretical and methodological foundations of research to improve the agricultural evaluation of the elements of the agriculture system in the DPO.

However, the methodological foundations of research in long-term field experience were not developed enough<...> So, in the long experiment TSHA in the soil layer 0-15 cm of nonsense crops of barley on a plot without fertilizers<...> In the long experience of TSHA, Savvinov (1936), Egorov (1955), Shaimukhametov (1963), Armorukov<...> Conclusions when studying in long-term field experience of soil processing, fertilizer and lime-based;<...> Evaluation of the transformation of the agricultural properties of the soil in long-term field experience. // in Sat. Scientific

Preview: Methodological foundations of improving agrophysical assessment of elements of agriculture systems in long-term field experience.pdf (0.0 MB)

The effect of long-term use of fertilizer, crop rotation and permanent crops on the physico-mechanical and technological properties of the turf-podzolic soil and crops are the abstract displacement. ... candidate of agricultural science

M.: Moscow Order of Lenin and the Order of the Labor Red Banner Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev

It was aimed at addressing the following issues: 1. To identify the effect of agrotechnical techniques of intensive agriculture (fertilizers, crop rotation, processing) to change the physicomechanical and technological properties of the turf-podzolic soil. 2. Determine the dependence of physical and mechanical and technological properties on the degree of soil humation. 3. To establish the link between the physicomechanical properties and crops of field crops, as well as to substantiate the economically feasibility of regulating the physicomechanical properties of the soil.

According to the mechanical composition of the soil of long experiment TSHA - light sandy-dusty loam.<...> The medium-divine soil of a long experience "Schapovo" had an example but one and a half times large indicators<...> swelling soil than lightweight loams of long experience TSHA.<...> The hardness of the subference layer of soil in lengthy experience, as a rule, 2-3 times exceeded hardness<...> T and l and C and 7 yields of winter rye and potatoes in case of dedicated cultivation in the long experiment TSHA, C /

Preview: The effect of long-term use of fertilizer, crop rotation and permanent crops on the physico-mechanical and technological properties of the turf-podzolic soil and crop crop.pdf (0.0 MB)

Studying spermatogenesis against the background of some external factors, using the method of radioactive isotopes the displacement displacement. ... candidate of biological sciences

Kaunas Medical Institute

Conclusions 1. In the course of the studies, it was found that to determine the duration of spermatogenesis by the method of radioactive isotopes in the receipt of livery by ejaculation, experiments should last at least 60 days, and the P32 dose administered should be sufficient to obtain reliable results to the end of the experiments. Such a dose for rams, when administered orally, is 50 MC per 1 kg of live weight. 2. To isolate the phosphorus-containing fractions of the ledge, the Schneider (1945) method and the Schmidt method, Tangauzer in the modification of Daust, Goober (1957). According to the first method, it is possible to identify the total number of nucleoproteins, and according to the second - separately DN N K. In addition, it was established that for the preparation of drugs in order to determine the radioactivity of individual phosphoric fractions of the ledges is a very suitable way to determine the radioactivity of phosphate fractions in animal tissues, Designed by Daust and Gooker (1957).

In our experiments, to study the duration of spermatogen for using the method of radioactive isotopes,<...> In short-term experiments, a different type of feeding on the mi began to apply for 1 month, and in long-only<...> In long experiments, the amount of dry matter (at 37 ° C) was found in the surveys and plasma of the seed<...> In long-term experiments, during the selection of phosphoric fracies by the Schmidt method, Tangauzer in the modification of Daust<...> In the long-term 20 Copyright OJSC TsKB "Bibcom" & LLC "Agent KNIG-CERVIS" of experiments, as with different

Preview: Studying spermatogenesis against the background of some external factors using the method of radioactive isotopes.pdf (0.0 MB)

The effect of nitrogen fertilizers at different times of making on the harvest and the quality of sugar beets in the conditions of irrigated. The serials of Kyrgyzstan. ... candidate of agricultural science

M.: All-Union Order of the Labor Red Banner Scientific Research Institute of Fertilizers and Agriculture of Jeeey D.N. Polyshnikova

Purpose and task of work. The main purpose of the study was to study the effectiveness of various norms and deadlines for the application of nitrogen fertilizers, the establishment of nitrogen utilization factors by plants, identifying the size of the losses of nitrogen fertilizers in irrigated beetrolation and the development of recommendations for agricultural production on the rational use of nitrogen fertilizers under sugar beet, ensuring high harvests of good root Quality.

Mathematical processing of micropole, field short-term and long-term experiments<...> Table 2.3.3 Vintage and quality of rooted sugar beets in long-term experience, average for 2 beds<...> Analyzing the data obtained in the long-term experience, the effectiveness of nitrogen fertilizers should be noted<...> Comparing the content of the total nitrogen in the root of the Ca of Arna Svek Li in long-term experience with the content<...> Nitrogen balance in long-term "stationary experience is shown in TSAs 2. 5. 1. And _ .5 .2.

Preview: Action of nitrogen fertilizers at different deadlines for the harvest and quality of sugar beets in the conditions of irrigated. Series of Kyrgyzstan.pdf (0.0 MB)

Agroecological optimization of agriculture systems of the Central District of the Non-Black Earth Zone of Russia The Author's abstract dis. ... Doctors Biological Sciences

All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Livestock

The main goal of the research is to substantiate and develop techniques to optimize the use of agrochemical products, processing and crop rotations as the basis for the high productivity of crops, the preservation and reproduction of soil fertility, ensuring a favorable environmental situation in the framework of alternative agricultural systems.

Based on long field experiments, including: TSH's experience, the hall of feminine at the initiative of D.N. Prikanishnikov<...> Studied during 1974-1976 GT. In the long experiment station, the field of water TSHA methods are multiple<...> Confirm this provision The results of the long experience of the TCHA field station.<...> This is clearly seen when analyzing the results of the long experiment TSHA.<...> Based on long field experiments, including the experience of TCH, laid on the initiative of D.N.

Preview: Agrioecological optimization of agriculture systems of the Central District of the Non-Black Summary Zone of Russia.pdf (0.0 MB)

Crop rotation and reproduction of fertility of arable intensively used chernozems of the Republic of Moldova the abstract dis. ... Doctors of Agricultural Sciences

M.: Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev

Objective and objectives of research The purpose of studies is to identify the patterns of the formation of productivity and changes in soil fertility for individual crops and for crop rotations with different saturation of disappearing cultures up to permanent crops in the conditions of long-term stationary experiments and in the production conditions of the Republic of Moldova, as well as the rationale for their ways targeted regulation

Scientific novelty research results. For the first time, in the conditions of long-term stationary experiments of 30-year<...> This is also confirmed by sharply deficient energy balance on different versions Long experience NIIPK<...> Chernikova et al.), As well as the results of research on the basis of the long experience of TSH, method<...>Long experiments as a basis for determining the sustainability of agricultural development in the Republic of Moldova<...> The dynamics of the productivity of crop rotations with different saturation of disappeared crops in long experiments

Preview: crop rotation and reproduction of fertility of arable intensively used black soils of the Republic of Moldova.pdf (0.0 MB)

The effect of long-term use of fertilizers and limeting on an anatomical structure, chemical composition and crop of flax - Dolgunta Abstract dish. ... candidate of agricultural science

M.: Moscow Order of Lenin Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev

This work is intended to find out the impact of the long-term use of fertilizers and limeting on, an anatomy-morphological structure and the chemical composition of the stems of flax, the crop and the quality of the flax

The object of the study served Len in the long experience of the experimental station of the field and linen station:<...> Thus, in the context of long experiments, the learning does not have a significant negative<...> In the conditions of long experiments, a significant impact of the fertilizer of lime<...> Materials of long experiments indicate necessary; The cost of a more cautious approach to the use of nitrogen<...> The results of long experiments clearly indicate that the most important condition for the high efficiency of fertilizers

Preview: The effect of long-term use of fertilizers and lime to an anatomical structure, chemical composition and crop of flax - Dolgunta.pdf (0.0 MB)

The impact of many years of applying fertilizers, crop rotation and repeated crops on the content, composition and properties of organo-mineral compounds of dend-podzolic soil the abstract dis. ... candidate of agricultural science

M.: Moscow Order of Lenin and the Order of the Labor Red Banner Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev

1. The effect of long, systematic use of fertilizers, crop rotation and repeated crops on the content and mobility of organo-mineral compounds of the dend-podzolic soil. 2. Chemical and mineralogical composition, physico-chemical properties and agronomic importance of organ-mineral particles isolated from early ferrous-podzolic soils of various aluminors

Curves heating jaws. Group particles of the soil of long experiments are almost the same.<...> In-more glumured soils. . Meritative experience (the soil of permanent rye without fertilizers, fertilized NPK<...> The results of the previously conducted study of the mineralogic composition of the long-term experience of TSHA<...> For. All variants of long-term experience are set to siminational differences "between the first and second groups<...> Organ-long experience, significantly

Preview: The impact of many years of applying fertilizers, crop rotation and repeated crops on the content, composition and properties of organo-mineral compounds of dend-podzolic soil.pdf (0.1 MB)

Developed and tested on three types of fish (Danio Rerio, Poecilia Reticulate, Inpaichthys Kerri), the method of determining one of the characteristics of the motivational component of the reioreaction (ratio of types of reioreaction) in the ring hydrodynamic tray. Three types of fish reprection are considered: a positive (movement against current), negative (movement) and compensatory (maintaining a position relative to fixed landmarks). Distinctive features new technique - Unlimited distance of moving fish, continuous individual observation of fish movement (video recorder) and evaluation of the ratio of types of reiosculation by the time of manifestation of these types. Required observation duration and speed flow mode are defined. It is shown that this technique can be used to study reioreaction among fish of different types. Confirmed repeatedness of manifestation of each individual during the experience of all three types of reioreaction

M.: All-Union Order of Lenin and Order of the Labor Red Banner Academy of Agricultural Sciences named after V.I. Lenin

The purpose of this work is to quantify the role of soil humus and its various component parts In the creation of waterproof, agronomically foaming structure of the chernozem, as well as to establish the efficiency of manure as the means of regulating the humus state and the structure of the soil.

General About the objects of the hospital research, the duration of the experience of Perio<...> More; noticeable changes were previsory in the chernozem of the Mironov hospital, where the duration of experience<...> The importance of the duration of the experience and the need to take into account this factor in the scene of the Agricultural Action<...>

Based on long inpatient experiments with fertilizers, changes are established in the content of biogenic micro<...>Duration of experience 25 "years before bookmarking experience Control Lime NPK manure known-manure lime + 2 NPK 0<...> Tales 0,005n Layers Up Kl mg / 100g IH KSH Duration of experience 30 years 6.3. 2 .5. . 0.11 13.9 0.77 2.8 0.91<...> I.5I 0.81 0.68 Sand Soil, Duration of Experience 9.7 9.1 2.20 12.3 10.5 2.87 12.0 10.7 2.49 R-Zhttyapp<...> The sandy soil of all options for experience refers to the group lowestly provided by Zn and Co. With long

Preview: Changing the content of macro and trace elements in the soils of a turf-podzolic type with the systematic use of fertilizers in crop rotation.pdf (0.0 MB) BCACBMAI hypotonic sodium chloride solution (concentrate 450 mg%) throughout

Conclusions: 1. With systematic use of organic and mineral fertilizers, the gross content of boron, molybdenum and manganese in the soil is changing poorly. 2. The content in the soil of the available forms of boron, molybdenum and manganese varies greatly depending on the applied fertilizers. In the soil of the null version, the content of the boron is significantly increasing, especially sharply in the serous soil. In the soil of mineral options, the manganese content is primarily increased. On the content of molybdenum, long-term fertilizer has a different effect. On the turf-podzolic soil of TSHA and the leached chernozem Mironov's experimental station, the use of fertilizers increases the content of molybdenum in the soil, and on the lightweight, the dend-podzolic soil of the Solikamsky experimental station is -Mencing ...

Field option without control of mineral mineral control Mineral Long Ego 45

Theoretical approaches to the modeling of soil fertility based on the achieved level of yield and land assessment in their potential productivity displacement dish. ... Doctors of Agricultural Sciences

M.: Moscow Order of Lenin and the Order of the Labor Red Banner Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev

The purpose and objectives of the study. The main purpose of the dissertation work is the theoretical substantiation of the approaches of the soil fertility modeling and the development of land valuation methods based on the achieved level of yields and potential productivity.

K.A.Timi- "" Ryazeva, as well as data for long-term experiments of research and studies.<...> It should also be noted that long 46.

The replacement protective effects of the local application of KRSTSETIN on the mucous membrane of the cavity of the mouth of rats in the conditions of the systemic exposure of pathogenic factors [Electronic resource] / Nikolaev // Laboratory diagnostics Eastern Europe.- 2015.- №3-4 .- S. 184-193. - Access mode : https: // Site / EFD / 477256

According to biochemical studies, fluoruracyl (pyrimidine structural analogue: fluorinated pyrimidine), administered by Per OS against the background of a viburnal ration, significantly increased the activity of elastase (with long-term experience); Increased peroxide processes in the gum, reduced the level of protective protein-enzymes: glutathioneer peroxidase (35 and 70 days. Impact) and superoxiddismutase (70 days). Quercetin introduced locally in the composition of the gel against the background of fluorouracil and the vibrophenol diet, reduced the resorption of periodontal bone structures on average by 15%; In the gum increased the activity of the antioxidant enzyme - glutathioneer peroxidase. According to morphological studies, with polyphenols in combination with fluorouracil (70 days.) In the mucous membrane of the cheek, inflammatory-destructive changes were observed with the prevalence of the destructive component. The local use of quercetin in the mucous membrane of the cheek had a pronounced protector effect on epithelocytes, normalization of the structure of the vascular wall of the microcirculatory bed, was significantly weakened by the gene toxic effects of fluorouracil

The influence of quercetin was studied in the dynamics of the experiment with a duration of 35 and 70 days.<...> It has been established that the presence of rats on the BPR and the oral administration of fluorouracil with different lengths of experiments<...> At the same time, with a 70-day duration of experience, quercetin in the gum increased glutathioneer peroxidase activity<...> In the gum, the activity of acid phosphatase has not significantly changed (with a 350-day duration of experience<...>) Regarding the data twice as long as long-term experience (35 days.).

Optimization of the fertilizer system in crop rotation using mathematical models the displacement dish. ... Doctors of Agricultural Sciences

M.: All-Union Order of Lenin and the Order of the Labor Red Banner Academy of Agricultural Sciences named after V. I. Lenin

The main purpose of the study was to develop a methodology for conducting long, multi-factor experiments with fertilizers and identifying on their basis the possibility of optimizing the system of applying fertilizer in crop rotation using mathematical models.

Schemes of experiments and research programs approved by the program and methodical commission on long-term<...> Studies conducted in long and short-term field experiments on the territory of the Central District<...> Nitrogen under winter wheat and winter rye in briefly urgent experiments and winter wheat in long

The inhabituation of non-black-earth soils has become necessary and urgent problem due to the accelerated creation of the material and technical base of communism. When implementing this problem, the method of long, systematic and settlement applying fertilizers, soil processing and crop rotation is crucial

Methodology and research program. "Studies were conducted in the long experience of TSHL, behind the false<...> The soil of the long experiment TSHL -Ternovsoliy, the sound of dust-sandy-sandy loam<...> On long-term experience of TCHL, medium soil samples were taken from the following fields: pairs of permanent and<...>Long experience TCH4 horizon 0-20 cm. Delickens experience the purpose and objectives of research. The purpose of our studies was to identify with the help of various methods of statistical quantitative assessment of the experimental material the possibility of transition to the regulatory and technological control of the organic matter of the turf-podzolic soil.

The scheme, the settlement and methodology of the long-term experience of TCHU under robustly described in numerous publications<...> Statistical assessment studied in long-term experience TCHL factors showed that the greatest quantitative<...>experience TSHL.<...> The same nature of the effects studied in the long-term experience of factors on crop yields, performance<...> High mobility of the organic substance of the soil on the "NPK" version in the long experience of TSHA provides

Preview: Agronomic assessment of the role of organic matter in fertility of intensively used ferrous-podzolic soil.pdf (0.1 MB)

gg On the basis of a hundred reinforced in the country a long experience laid in 1912 according to D. scheme<...> The soil of long-term experience and experiment 2 dend-podzolic, the mechanical composition belongs to the sublinous<...> The orthogonality of a long-term experience scheme allows you to fully appreciate the role of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium<...>experience and experience 2.<...> ", Systematic use of fertilizers such as long-term and less long, as well as crop rotation,

Preview: The influence of various techniques of chip-podzolic soils on the crop and the quality of grain of winter rye hybrid-2.pdf varieties (0.0 MB)

The experiment was organized in 1927 in the University of Queensland, located in the Australian city of Brisbane, Professor Physics Thomas Parnell, in order to demonstrate Students that some bodies that seem solid are in reality are liquids, but only very viscous.

For experience, an artificial bitumen (pitch) was chosen - the residue from the distillation of the tar or the oil resin. This material is so firm that it can be broken into pieces of hammer. However, if his sample is placed in a funnel, it will flow through it, although very slowly.

To imagine the speed of this process, you can compare it with the drift of the continents. So, Australia shifts in the northern direction by 6 cm annually. But bitumen in the Brisban experiment follows from a funnel 10 times slower!

For 83 years (the plug from the funnel was removed in 1930) only 9 drops fell on the bottom of the vessel under the funnel. And to the present moment, no one managed to see the moment of fall. Physicist John Mainston Begun all three drops of droplets of the resin, which happened in half a century, when he was a curator of the experiment. One day, the scientist spent the whole weekend, continuously watching the already fully formed drop, but it fell just when he, completely exhausted, went home to relax.

The next time, after 9 years, the long-awaited event had to be at the point when Mineston was out of the room for five minutes to drink a cup of tea.

In 2000, a webcam was installed before the experimental installation, so Mainston could hope to finally see a falling drop with his own eyes, although he was then far from Brisbane, in England. However, a suddenly broken tropical storm caused electricity to be turned off for 20 minutes, during which there was no visible separation of the next, eighth drops.

Falls of the ninth drop Australian physicist did not wait: he died in August 2013, after the suffered stroke, aged 78 years.

According to the new curator, Andrew White, the amount of material remaining in the funnel is such that experience can continue at least 80 years. If the leakage will occur at the same speed, the tenth drop will reach the bottom of the vessel to the age of an anniversary of the experiment, in 2027.

Experience with dripping bitumen is noted as the most prolonged in the history of the laboratory experiment in the Guinness Book of Records.

Professor White - a quantum physicist, age, as he says, the total "four bitumen drops", believes that the main importance of the experiment consists in the feeling of communication with the story that he gives: "This drop fell on the bottom of the vessel when you were not yet When even your parents were born, and there may be grandfather with grandparents. "

From 1930 to 1988, the bitumen of the Capal with a frequency once in 8 years. However, in the 80s, air conditioners were installed at the university, which led to a slowdown in the process: now the gap between the drop of drops is about 13 years.

About a century called
hell Pek was common in the household: it was used, for example, for the resolution of boats. it amorphous substancewhich, depending on the conditions, can behave like solid or as a liquid. An example of substances of this type is the usual toothpaste: while under pressure, it follows from the tube, but it retains the adopted form on the toothbrush and does not flow anywhere, even if the brush is vertically.

The results of the Brisban experiment were already published: after falling the sixth drop, scientists calculated the viscosity of the Pek and in 1984 unveiled this data in European Journal of Physics. As it turned out, its viscosity is higher than that of water, 230 billion times.

Such experiments were carried out in other places. Thus, in Dublin Trinity College, the same funnel with bitumen was established in 1944, and in 2013 the drop in the drop of this substance was for the first time to remove with the help of webcams.

Transcript.

1 Why are long-term field experiments? Paul Poulton Rothamschen Research

2 Why are long-term field experiments? Long-term field experiments represent the best practical way to study the influence of elements of agriculture systems and global changes on soil fertility, crop stability and other environmental issues It is known that many of the factors that affect these properties may require many years so that their action is manifested.

3 Use of long experiments (1) Performance: On various types of soil (in various climatic zones) with various options and elements of agriculture systems as other studies, archival samples can be based: allow you to look back and explore the long-term impact of the options, system elements and Atmospheric deposits on culture and soil. Long time series data series: Fundamental in assessing the sustainability of agro-ecosystems, especially with respect to global climate change

4 Use of long experiments (2) Effect of factors for eg., Mineral and organic fertilizers, crop rotations, pesticides for crop agricultural tillage quality: humus, acidification of soil fertility: cycle of nutritional influence of agricultural production on environment (water, atmosphere) Effects of the environment on agriculture (especially the receipt of zgazhrospiters from the atmosphere, global climate change) data for modeling and testing models

5 It is known that long-term field experiments in the world are carried out with an increase in the concentration of atmospheric CO 2 spatially localized receipt of atmospheric deposits (N, S industrial origin and CHP, the growth of the population growth

6 Growth of atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (Moana Loa Data; Keeling & Whorf)

7 Average Annual Temperature, Rotamster

8 billion. The population of the world Actual Real. Predicted waiting.

9 Rosusted Conducts about 20 long experimental experiments on different types of soils in 3 experimental facilities of BC England Rotamster (Heavy Suglink) Years Lightweight Light Suglink Saxmundhem (Odded TC) 112 years Moderate climate, mm precipitation per year

10 Exhaustion Land Impact on the crop: k action and aftereffect p Action and afterbesting permanent corn C3 and C4 culture "Sour Stripe" meadow-arable land accumulation and loss of humus Clean barley Husfield Effect of NPK and manure on a yield 15 n to study the resulting n studies of Denitrification .

11 Woburn Intensive cultivation of grain permanent corn introduction of organic fertilizers Lime-Pashnya lime

12 The need for modifications so that long-term experiments remain important for modern agriculture and environmental issues, they must be regularly estimated and, if necessary. They should not be considered as museum exhibits that remain unchanged long experiments have limitations and in one experience all the questions cannot be solved.

13 An experiment with winter wheat Brudbalk is an illustration of changes in experience on the grain yield first cultivated winter wheat from 1843 in 20 stretched band-options 1925

14 2003 Now split into 10 sections, forming 197 pieces. A crop rotation, alternating wheat, oats and corn, was added to the permanent wheat.

15 Brudbalk N (P) KMG Control manure manure last.

16 How did the modifications spent help maintain or increase the harvest?

17 Brudbalk: Vintages, varieties and modifications Vintage grain, t / ha 15% Humidity without fertilizer NUTURE WORKING LIVE

18 K 1960 Long-term varieties were replaced and the main changes were necessary in order for the field experience to be important for modern agriculture.

19 In 1968, experience was divided into 10 sections; Other modifications included: sowing new short-seater crops crop rotation in some sections increase doses n Introduction of fungicides to achieve yield potential

20 Brudbalk: Vintage, varieties and modifications of grain yield, t / ha 15% Humidity of fungicides manure without fertilizers New wheat crops in crop rotation of seawood

21 grain, T / HA at 85% DM Brudbalk,: The effect of crop rotation on the crop of grain yield, t / ha 15% Humidity 1 Wheat after a 2-year break 7 6 wheat permanently nitrogen dose, kg / ha n applied, kg / ha PKMG FYM PKMG FYM The best harvest is achieved in the version of the manure + additional mineral N or PKMG + high doses of N manure manure

22 Vintage barley, t / ha 15% humidity Introduction of high-yielding barley varieties in the Husfield experiment showed that the crop on soils receiving manure could not be made by making mineral fertilizers with manure with a smaller seasonal period, the spring barley is better developed in the presence of an additional N from the mineralization of manure, which is not compensated by the introduction of mineral N fertilizers. Nitrogen dose, kg / ha

23 on this type Soils, wheat and barley crops can be maintained when making mineral or organic fertilizers and increase with increasing doses of mineral fertilizers or when making manure and additionally, N. To achieve this, it is necessary to control the pH of soil, the growth of weeds, the spread of pests and diseases, introduce new varieties, able to use higher, if necessary, doses

24 But!

25 Barley Grain, T / HA AT 85% DM on sandy soils in Woburne perfected grain is impossible due to problems with acidity and pests Vintage barley, t / ha 15% Humidity Summer 10-year Means Middle N2PK N2PK + Lime Unmanured FYM Lime without Manure fertilizers and in Rotamster It is impossible to cultivate nonsense root and legumes due to pests and diseases

26 soil and humus

28 Soil is the main reservoir for CO 2 in the form of humus. Gumus plays a decisive role in: soil fertility development of agriculture systems of agriculture.

29 Organic Soils The reserve of soil depends on: the receipt of organic material of the oxidation rate of it both factors are determined by: land use and agriculture system by the type and granulometric composition of the soil, especially the content of the profile of the profile with climate temperature and humidity, all systems tend to the equilibrium value

30 Brudbalk; The stock of the focus with (t / ha) in arable layer. Stock with org., T / ha control of manure C manure C

31 On the sandy soil in Voburna, there was a gradual decline in the stocks of the OS in areas where cereals were cultivated, the lumber was maintained reserves of reserve with Org.V. 0-25 cm., T / ha Paha meadow meadow

32 Data for long-term experiments were used to build and configure the ROTHC model widely used to simulate a circuit with in arable layer of the soil. The model has recently been developed for the subframe layer. Reserve with org., T / ha Dung annually manure annually only in control

33 Rotamster: Permanent Loading China: Pashnya Network of long experiments: new comparison capabilities and contrasting results on various types of soils, crop rotations and climatic zones Spain: Pashnya Rotasmed: Pashnya

34 network experiences series with detailed sites others as a standard network type of network of long-lasting experiments of China, incl. 8 experiments

35 Recently found a network of experiments with permanent marriage, including experience in Kursk and Rotamsted. The goal to try to establish the number of stable organic carbon for different soils. Kursk arable land to bookmarks experience Kursk: - Haplic Chernozem Previously in long-term arable Rothamsted grassing to bookmarks experience Rothamsted: - Chromic Luvisol Previously in long-term grass Experience Timiryazev Academy arable land to bookmarks experience Timiryazev: - Epistagnic Albeluvisol Previously in long-term arable Data from Barre et al, 2010 Kogut et al, 2010 ALFEROV & Safonov, 2002

36 Additional measurements Long-term experiments with a variety of soil types, elements of agriculture systems, location and well-documented history are ideal objects for further research. In Rotamsted, such studies include: the cycle and processes N, including the use of 15 n to track the n and measurement of the total mineralization of the OTD. Leaching P EMXOTOs Soils as a tank of methane expression of individual genes in Endosperm of wheat grain in response to the use of mineral or organic N

37 Archive of Rotamsen samples includes about 300,000 vegetable, soil samples, fertilizer and manure samples. Analyzes allow you to look back to more than 160 years on many aspects of soil fertility and pollution that could not be submitted during their selection.

38 Archival samples are used to: study pollution by uranium, plutonium, cadmium, gray, PAH, dioxins, polybromdiphenyleners, etc. Measuring organic from the soil and 14 C when creating and configuring Rotamsted models of RotHC-26.3 and RotHPC-1; Describing a circulation C in arable and subfall soil layers. Measurement 13 C in vegetation for studying the efficiency of water consumption under conditions of growth of atmospheric CO 2. Isolation of DNA of vegetable material, mushroom pathogens and soil bacteria.

39 How one study of sulfur with archival samples helped explain the results of a later study Content S in plants, mg / kg sulfur emissions in the UK SO G S / year 34 S in plants Zhao et al 1998

40 septorize Mushroom DNA Wheat Disease DNA forms of the Spacelery, usual for the experience of Brudbalk in different periods, starting from the 1840s, highlighted from archival vegetable samples.

41 Loge (P. Nodorum / M. Graminicola) -1.5 Bearchell et al (2005) PNAS 102, SO2 EMISSIONS (MT Y -1 S) DNA ratio of pathogens to emission SO 2 10 R \u003d 0.96 p< Year Незначимая либо слабая связь с погодными и агрономическими факторами

42 Conclusion (1) Long-term field experiments Scientific Resource, and not museum exhibit of the most important resource for studying sustainable agriculture and land use and fundamental science. Maintaining agricultural significance of experience, but all studies in one experiment cannot be preserved and continued experiments does not mean the impossibility of change after interdisciplinary Discussions. Saving important results Archival samples Network of field experiments

43 Conclusion (2) The long-lasting experiments obtained in them and archival samples are a valuable resource that can be used to study the effects of agriculture systems or global changes to soil fertility, crop resistance and the environment

44 gratitude to Losua and Gilbert, who started working in Rotamster in the 1840s. Many generations of scientific and technical workers of Rotamcented.

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