In which century the Twardowsky lived. Family dramas Alexander Tvardovsky

Who hides the past jealous
That is unlikely with the future in Lada ...
A. T. Tvardovsky, "On the right of memory"

Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky appeared on June 21, 1910 on the farm Zagorne, located near the village of Selo (now Smolensk region). The surrounding area, with the words of the poet itself, "was aside from the roads and was pretty wild." Tvardovsky's father, Tronon Gordeevich, was a person a complex, with a solid and volitional character. The son of the retired landless soldier, from the young age he worked as a blacksmith and had its own distinctive style and style of products. His main dream was to get out of the peasant class and ensure a comfortable existence for his family. The energy in this was not to take it - in addition to the main work, Tronon Gordeevich rented the forge and took contracts for the supply of the Sen Army. Shortly before the birth of Alexander, in 1909 his dream was realized - he became a "landowner", acquiring an unsightly plot of Thirteen hectares. The Tvardovsky himself recalled on this: "We, little kids, he inspired respect for this podzolic, acid, unkind and stingy, but our land, our land, as he was joking," the estate "..."

Alexander was born in the family with the second child, the eldest son Kostya was born in 1908. Later, the Tryphon Gordeevich and Mary Mitrofanovna, the daughters of the deceased nobleman Mitrofan Plescachevsky, three more sons and two daughters were born. In 1912, the parents of the Trending and Elder - Gordea Vasilyevich and his wife Zinaida Ilinichna moved to the farm. Despite the simple origin, and Tronon Gordeevich, and his father of Gordea Vasilyevich were literate people. Moreover, the father of the future poet knew the domestic literature well, and, according to the memories of Alexander Tvardovsky, the evening on the farm was often dedicated to reading books Alexei Tolstoy, Pushkin, Nekrasov, Gogol, Lermontov ... Many verses Tronon Gordeevich knew by heart. It was he who in 1920 presented his first book, Tomik Nekrasov, who replaced the potato at the bazaar. This cherished book by Tvardovsky kept throughout his life.

Tronon Gordeevich passionally wanted to give his children a decent education and in 1918, he arranged the older sons of Alexander and Konstantin to Smolensk gymnasium, transformed shortly to the first Soviet school. However, the brothers were studied there for only one year - during Civil War The school building was requested for the needs of the army. Until 1924, Alexander Tvardovsky changed one rural school to another, and after the end of the sixth grade, he returned to the farm - returned, to the Word, Komsomol. By that time, he had already written poems for four years - and the further, the stronger and stronger they "took" a teenager. The Tvardovsky-Sr. did not believe in the literary future of the Son, laughed at his passion and scared poverty and hunger. However, it is known that he loved to boast by the printed speeches of Alexander, after his son took the Selkror of Smolensk newspapers. This happened in 1925 - at the same time the first poem of the Tvardovsky "Izba" was published. In 1926, at the provincial Congress of Selkors, the young poet made friends with Mikhail Isakovsky, who first became his "conductor" at the world of literature. And in 1927, Alexander Trifonovich went to Moscow, so to speak, "for exploration." The capital stunned him, he wrote in the diary: "I walked on sidewalks where the Utkin and the heat walk (popular poets of that time), great scientists and leaders ...".

From now on, the native Zagorns seemed to the young man with a dull outfill. He suffered, being torn off from "great life," passionately wishing to communicate with the same as he himself, young writers. And at the beginning of 1928, Alexander Trifonovich decided to a desperate act - moved to live in Smolensk. The first months of Eighteen-year-old Tvardovsky was in big city Very and very difficult. In the autobiography, the poet notes: "I lived along the beds, the corners, hanged by the editors." The leaving of the village, he could not feel a city resident for a very long time. Here is another later recognition of the poet: "In Moscow, in Smolensk pursued a painful feeling that you are not at home, you don't know something and you can get ridiculous every moment, to get lost in the unfriendly and indifferent world ...". Despite this, Tvardovsky actively joined the literary life of the city - became a member of the Smolensk branch of the RAPP (Russian Association of Proletarian Writers), one and as part of the Brigades challenged on collective farms and wrote a lot. The closest friend of him in those days was a critic, and later a geologist's scientist Adrian Macedonov, who was a year older than Tvardovsky.

In 1931, the poet had his own family - he married Mary burner, a student of the Smolensky Pedigree Institute. In the same year, they had a daughter of Valya. And next year, Alexander Trifonovich himself entered the Pedagogical Institute. In him he studied a little over two years. The family was required to feed, and as a student was difficult to do it. Nevertheless, his position in the city of Smolensk was strengthened - in 1934, Tvardovsky as a delegate with a deliberate voice attended the first All-Union Congress of Soviet Writers.

After his departure from the generic nest, the poet extremely rarely looked at Zagorire - approximately once a year. And after March 1931 and visit him, actually, it became no one. Back in 1930, the Tryphona Gordeevich launched a high tax. In order to save the situation, the Tvardovsky-senior joined the agricultural artel, but soon, without citing him, took his horse from the artel. Flying from prison, the Tvardovsky-Sr. Salved to Donbass. In the spring of 1931, his family, remaining on the farm, "smoked" and sent to the Northern Urals. After some time, the head of the family came to them, and in 1933 forest trails brought everyone to today's Kirov region. - To the village of Russian Turk. Here he donkey under the name of Demyan Tarasova, the remaining members of the family were worn by this surname. This "detective" ended in 1936, after Alexander Trifonovich published the poem "Country of Murai", which served to him "pass" in the first ranks of Soviet writers and into the world of big literature.

Over this product, Tvardovsky began working in 1934, being impressed by one of Alexander Fadeev's speeches. By the fall, 1935 the poem was completed. In December, she passed her discussion in the metropolitan office of writers, and it came out for the Tedrid Triumphant. A spoonful of the fly was only a negative review of Maxim Gorky, but Alexander Trifonovich did not fell in his diary, writing in his diary: "Grandfather! You just pointed my feather. I will prove that you gave the mistake. " In 1936, "Country Murai" published in the literary magazine "Red Novy". I was openly admired by Mikhail Svetlov, Chukovsky's roots, Boris Pasternak and other recognized writers and poets. However, the most important connoisseur of the poem was sitting in the Kremlin. They were Joseph Stalin.

After the loud success of the "Country of the Maraura", the Tarovovsky came to the village of Russian Turk and took the relatives to himself in Smolensk. I posted them in my own room. In addition, she was no longer necessary for him - the poet decided to move to Moscow. Soon after the move, he entered the third course of the famous IFLI (Moscow Institute of History, Literature and Philosophy), through which many famous writers took place at the end of the thirties. Teaching level B. educational institution was, by the standards of that time, unusually high - the largest scientists worked in IFLI, the whole color humanitarian Sciences Those years. Persons were both students - it is worth named at least famous later poets: Seeds Goodzenko, Yuri Levitansky, Sergey Narovchatova, David Samoilova. Unfortunately, many graduates of the institute died at the fronts of the Great Patriotic War. The Tvardovsky who came to Ifley was not lost on a general, brilliant background. On the contrary, according to the records of Narovchalov, "in the Ifliic Sky, he stood out of the size of a figure, character, personality." The writer Konstantin Simonov - at the time graduate student of IFLI - confirms these words, remembering that "Ifli proud of Tvardovsky." It was due to the fact that while the poet "humbly" studied, critics for all the frets overlooked His "Country Murai". No one did not dare to call the Tarovsky "Kulatsky Podonic", which often happened before. He graduated from IFLI Alexander Trifonovich with honors in 1939.

For the sake of justice, it is worth noting that in these prosperous years, unhappiness did not go around the writer. In the fall of 1938, he buried the dead son who deceased from diphtherite. And in 1937 he was arrested and convicted for eight years of his cortic best friend Adrian Macedonov. In early 1939, a decree was published about awarding a number of Soviet writers, and the Tvardovsky among them. In February, he was awarded the Order of Lenin. By the way, among the awarded Alexander Trifonovich was hardly the youngest. And in September of the same year, the poet was called in the army. He was sent to the West, where, working in the editorial office of the "West Motherland" newspaper, took part in joining the USSR of Western Belarus and Western Ukraine. With this war, Tvardovsky collided at the end of 1939, when he was sent to the Soviet-Finnish Front. The death of fighters horrified him. After the first fight, which Alexander Trifonovich watched from the regimental KP, the poet recorded: "I returned in a serious state of bewilderment and depression ... It was very difficult to internally handle it myself ...". In 1943, when the great domestic, in the work of "two lines", the Tvardovsky remembered the fighter boy who died on the Karelian Isthmus: "As if dead, lonely, / as if I was lying. / Suitable, small, killed / on that war that is unfinished, / forgotten, small, lying. By the way, it was during the Soviet-Finnish war in a number of fechens, the entry to which the Tvardovsky came up with, for the first time a character appeared under the name of Vasya Terkin. The Tvardovsky himself subsequently said: "It was conceived and fictional terkin not one me, but by many people, both writers and my correspondents. They actually participated in its creation. "

In March 1940, the war with Finns ended. The writer Alexander Beck, who often communicated at the time with Alexander Trifonovich, said that the poet was a man "alienated from all some seriousness, as if at a different step." In April of the same year, "for the valor and courage" the Tvardovsky was awarded the Order of the Red Star. In the spring of 1941, the next high award was followed - for the poem "Country Murai", Alexander Trifonovich was awarded the Stalin Prize.

From the first days of Great Patriotic Wardowsky was at the front. At the end of June 1941, he arrived in Kiev to work in the editorial office of the Red Army newspaper. And at the end of September, the poet according to his own words "barely got out of the environment." Further milestones of the bitter way: Mirgorod, then Kharkov, Valuyki and Voronezh. At the same time, in his family it happened - Maria Illarionna gave birth to Olya's daughter, and soon the whole family of the writer went to the evacuation to the city of Chistopol. Tvardovsky often wrote a spouse, telling her about editorial weekdays: "I work quite a lot. Slogans, poems, humor, essays ... if you lower the days when I'm on trips, then there is a material for every day. " However, over time, the editorial teaching began to disturb the poet, his entaurs of "big style" and serious literature. Already in the spring of 1942, Tvardovsky decided to: "I won't write bad poems ... The war is serious, and poetry is obliged to be seriously ...".

At the beginning of the summer, 1942, Alexander Trifonovich received a new appointment - in the "Krasnoarmeysian truth" newspaper on the West Front. The editors were located in a hundred kilometers from Moscow, in the current Obninsk. From here, his way to the West began. And it was here that Tvardovsky visited a magnificent thought - to return to the poem "Vasily Terkin" conceived at the end of the Soviet-Finnish war. Of course, now the theme was the Patriotic War. Significant changes and the image of the main character - is clearly a folklore character who brought the enemy to the bayonet, "like sheaves on a fork", turned into an ordinary guy. The genre designation "Poem" was also very conditional. The poet himself said that his story about the Russian soldier is not suitable for a single genre definition, and therefore he decided to call him just "Book about the fighter". At the same time, it was noted that in structural terms "Terkin" dates back to works by the Bogwelded Tvardovsky Pushkin, namely, "Eugene Onegin", representing a set of private episodes, which, like a mosaic, add up to the epic panorama great War. The poem is written in the rhythmic chastushki, and in this meaning it seems to naturally grow out of the strata of the people's language, turning from " artistic work", Who became a concrete author, in the" Self-Consumption of Life ". That is how this work was perceived in the soldiers' mass, where the first published heads of "Vasily Terkina" (in August 1942) were acquired by a huge popularity. After its publication and reading on the radio to Tvardovsky, countless letters of front-line workers who learned themselves to the hero themselves. In addition, requests sounded in the messages, even the requirements must certainly continue the poem. Alexander Tifonovich performed these requests. Once again, Tvardovsky considered his work ended in 1943, but again numerous requirements for the continuation of the "book about the fighter" forced him to change the decision. As a result, the work consisted of thirty chapters, and the hero in it reached Germany. The last line "Vasily Terkina" he composed on a winning night for May 10, 1945. However, after the war, the flow of letters did not dry for a long time.

The story of the portrait of Vasily Terkina is curious, reproduced in millions of copies of the poem and executed by the artist Reléysky, who worked during the war, together with the Twardowski in the newspaper "Krasnoarmeyskaya Pravda". Not everyone knows that this portrait is made from nature, and, consequently, Vasily Terkina had a real prototype. This is what Veresky himself told about this: "I wanted to open a book with a poem a frontispis with a portrait of Terkina. And it was the most difficult. What is terkin, ama? Most of the soldiers whose portraits I threw from nature, I seemed something like Vasily - who is a sort of eye, who is a smile who is a person who is destroyed by freckles. However, none of them were terkina ... Every time I, of course, was shared by the results of searches with Twardovsky. And heard each time in response: "No, not he." I myself understood - not he. And once, a young poet came to the editor, a young poet, who came from the Army newspaper ... called his Vasily Glotov, and he immediately liked everyone. He had a cheerful temper, a kind smile ... After a couple of days, a joyful feeling suddenly pierced - I found out in Glotch Vasily Terkina. With my discovery, I ran to Alexander Trifonovich. He first raised his eyebrows in surprise ... The thought of "try" to the image of Vasily Terkina Glotovka seemed funny. When I drew him, he broke into a smile, she squinted himself, which was even more made him like the hero of the poem, which I imagined him. Having draws His experience and in the profile with the head down, I showed the work of Alexander Trifonovich. Tvardovsky said: "Yes." It was all, since then he never allowed attempts to depict Vasily Terkina to others. "

Before the victorious night, Alexander Trifonovich had to survive all the difficulties of military roads. He lived literally on wheels, taking a short creative holiday vacation in Moscow, as well as to visit the family in the city of Chistopol. In the summer of 1943, Tvardovsky, together with other soldiers, freed Smolensk region. Two years he did not receive any news from his relatives and was terribly worried about them. However, nothing wrong, thank God, did not happen - at the end of September, the poet met with them near Smolensky. He visited then the native Farmers Zagorne, turned into a literal sense in the ashes. Then there was Belarus and Lithuania, Estonia and East Prussia. The victory of Tvardovsky met in Tapiau. Orest Veresky recalled this evening: "Salute rattles from different species . All shot. He shot Alexander Trifonovich. The sky from Nagan's colored tracks flew into the brotheal tracks, standing on the porrup porch - our last military gambler ... ".

After the end of the war, the rain of awards fell on the Tvardovsky. In 1946, the Stalinist Prize was awarded for Vasily Terkin's poem. In 1947 - another for the work of the "House of the Road", over which Alexander Trifonovich worked simultaneously with the "terkin" from 1942. However, this poem, according to the author's characteristic, "dedicated to the life of a Russian woman who survived the occupation, German slavery and the liberation of the Red Army soldiers "It turned out to be obscured by the deafening success of the" book about the fighter ", although in amazing life authenticity and artistic advantages was hardly inferior to" Terkina ". Actually, these two poems perfectly complemented each other - one showed the war, and the second - her "wrong".

Twardovsky in the second half of the forties lived very actively. He performed many duties in the Writers' Union - was his secretary, supervised the poetry section, was part of all sorts of commissions. During these years, the poet visited Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Poland, Albania, East Germany, Norway, went to Belarus and to Ukraine, first visited Far East, visited his native Smolensk region. "Tourism" it was impossible to call these journeys - he worked everywhere, spoke, talked with writers, was printed. The last is amazing - it is difficult to imagine when Tvardovsky managed to write. In 1947, an elderly writer Nikolai TV showed a poet hello, as the Twardovsky himself used to say, "from the next world." It was a review of "Vasiole Terkin" Bunin. Ivan Alekseevich, quite critical responding about Soviet literature, agreed to see the poem, presented to him by Leonid Zurov, almost forcibly. After that, the bunin could not calm down for several days, and soon he wrote his admiration for his youth: "I read the book of Tvardovsky - if you are familiar and meet him, please pass on the case that I am (as you know, reader demanding and picky) admire his talent . This is truly rare book - What freedom, what is the accuracy, what a wonderful delete, accuracy in everything and unusually soldiers, the national language is a single fake, literary-vulgar word! .. ".

However, not everything went smoothly in the life of the Tward, they happened both chagrins and tragedies. In August 1949, Trefon Gordeevich died - the poet was very worried about the death of his father. Alexander Trifonovich and Overlapping, which turned out to be generous second half of the forties. In the late 1947 - early 1948, his Book "Motherland and Khorsina" was defeated criticism. The author was accused of "the narrowness and pettyness of views on reality", "Russian national limitations", the absence of a "state view." The publication of the work was banned, but the Twardovsky did not lose. By that time he had a new, significant case, fully captured him.

In February 1950, the leaders of the largest literary bodies passed the permutation. In particular, the head of the magazine " New world"Konstantin Simonov moved to the" literary newspaper ", and the released place was offered to take Tvardovsky. Alexander Trifonovich agreed, since he had long dreamed of such a "public" work, which was not in the number of spoken speeches and meetings, but in the real "product". In fact, it was the fulfillment of his dreams. For four years, the Tvardovsky editorial event, who worked in truly, nervous conditions, managed to make a lot. He managed to organize a magazine with a "face with an unassured expression" and create a cohesive team of like-minded people. His deputies were the long-standing comrade Anatoly Tarasenkov and Sergey Smirnov, "opening" for a wide reader of the defense of the Brest Fortress. Alexander Trifonovich's magazine did not immediately become famous for his publications, the chief editor looked at the situation, the experience gained experience, looking for people close to the worldview. Tvardovsky and himself wrote - in January 1954 compiled a plan of the poem "Terkin on that light," and after three months she finished her. However, the lines of fate turned out to be whims. - In August 1954, Alexander Trifonovich with a scandal was removed from the post of chief editor.

One of the reasons for his dismissal was the work of "Terkin on that light", named in the statement of the Central Committee of the Central Committee Paskvyl to Soviet reality. In some ways, officials were right, quite correctly, the nurses in the description of the "light" satirical image of the working methods of party organs. Khrushchev, who replaced the leader of the Stalin party, described the poem as the thing "politically harmful and ideologically vicious". It became a sentence. Articles with criticism of works appearing on the pages of the magazine collected on the "New World". In the internal letter of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the result was summed up: "The editors of the magazine" New World "struck politically compromising writers ... who had a harmful influence on the Tward." Alexander Tifonovich in this situation behaved courageously. Never - up to the most last days Life - who did not doubt the truth in the truth of Marxism-Leninism, he recognized his own mistakes, and, taking the whole blame for himself, he said that he was personally "supervised" the criticism of the article, and in some cases they even printed them against the opinion of the editorial board. Thus, the Tvardovsky has not passed its people.

In subsequent years, Alexander Trifonovich traveled a lot around the country and wrote a new poem "For Dal Dal". In July 1957, the Cultural Culture of the Central Committee of the CPSUs Dmitry Polikarpov arranged Alexander Timphonovich meeting with Khrushchev. The writer, with his own words, "suffered ... the same thing that usually spoke about literature, about her troubles and needs, about her bureaucratization." Nikita Sergeevich wished to meet again, which happened in a few days. "Twistering" conversation lasted a total of four hours. Its result was that in the spring of 1958, the Twardovsky again proposed to lead the "New World". By reflection, he agreed.

However, to take the place of the editor-in-chief of the journal, the poet agreed on certain conditions. IN working notebook It was recorded: "The first is a new editorial board; The second one is half a year, and even better a year - not to carry out in the closed place of executions ... "Under the last Twardovsky, first of all, meant the curators from the Central Committee and Censorship. If the first condition with some creak was fulfilled, then the second is not. Censored Pressing began as soon as the new New World Stalllegia prepared the first numbers. All the loud publications of the journal were difficult, often with censorship seizures, with reproaches in "political myopia", with a discussion in the culture department. Despite the difficulties, Alexander Trifonovich diligently collected literary forces. The term "Novomirovsky author" during his editoriality began to be perceived as a kind of quality mark, as a certain honorary title. It concerned not only prose that glorified the Magazine of the Tvardovsky, - a considerable public resonance also caused essays, literary criticism and critical articles, economic research. Among the writers who have become famous thanks to the "New World", it is worth noting Yuri Bondarev, Konstantin Vorobyeva, Vasil Bykov, Fyodor Abramova, Fazille Iskander, Boris Mozhaeva, Vladimir Wornovich, Chingiza Aitmatov and Sergey Zalina. In addition, on the pages of the magazine, the old poet told about meetings with popular Western artists and writers, re-opened forgotten names (Tsvetaeva, Balmont, Voloshin, Mandelstam), popularized avant-garde art.

Separately, it is necessary to say about Tvardovsky and Solzhenitsyn. It is known that Alexander Tifonovich very much respected Alexander Isaevich - and as a writer, and as a person. The attitude of Solzhenitsyn to the poet was more difficult. From the very first meeting at the end of 1961, they found themselves in an unequal position: Tvardovsky, who dreamed of a fair social construction of society in the communist basis, saw his ally in Solzhenitsyn, without suspecting that the writer was "open" to them a long time ago gathered in " crusade"Against communism. Collaborating with the magazine "New World", Solzhenitsyn "Tactically" used the editor-in-chief, which he did not even know.

The history of the relationship between Alexander Tvardovsky and Nikita Khrushchev is also curious. The Issumile First Secretary has always treated the poet with great sympathy. Thanks to this, it was often that "problematic" writings were saved. When Tvardovsky understood that own forces It is not possible to break through the wall of party and censorship, he turned straight to Khrushchev. And he, listening to the arguments of the Tward, almost always helped. Moreover, in every way "elevated" the poet - at the XXII Congress of the CPSU, who adopted a program for the rapid construction of communism in the country, Tvardovsky elected a candidate for the members of the Central Committee of the Party. However, it should not be considered that Alexander Trifonovich in Khrushchev became a person "inviolable" - just on the contrary, the chief editor was often crushed, but in hopeless situations had the opportunity to apply to the very top, through the heads of those who "held and did not let." So, for example, it happened in the summer of 1963, when the leadership of the Writers' Union and overseas guests gathered at the European Community session of the European Community, held in Leningrad, flew at the invitation of the Soviet leader who was on the rest of the Soviet leader at the Pitsund Country. Tvardovsky captured with him a previously forbidden "Terkina on that light." Nikita Sergeevich asked him to read the poem and reacted at the same time very vividly, "she laughed loudly, he frowned." Four days later, "Izvestia" published this essay, the whole decade lying under the prior.

It should be noted that Tvardovsky has always been considered "away" - such a privilege in the USSR was given a little. And he was to such an extent an active "away", which happened, refused travel abroad. Interesting story It happened in 1960, when Alexander Trifonovich did not want to go to the United States, referring to the fact that he needed to complete work on the poem "For Dal Dal". The USSR Culture Minister Ekaterina Fursheva understood him and allowed to stay at home with the words: "Your work will certainly have to be in the first place."

In the fall of 1964, Nikitu Sergeyevich was retired. From this time, the "organizational" and ideological pressure on the Tvardovsky magazine began to grow steadily. The rooms of the "New World" began to linger in censorship and leaving late in abbreviated volume. "Cases are bad, magazine as if in the blockade," wrote Tvardovsky. At the beginning of the fall, 1965, he visited Novosibirsk - the people of Valil on his performances with the shaft, and the high bosses were shaken from the poet as expected. When Alexander Trifonovich returned to the capital, a note was already in the Central Committee of the Party, in which the "anti-Soviet" conversations of the Tvardovsky were described in detail. In February 1966, the premiere of the "learned" performance was held on the "Terkin on that light" poem set at the Satira Theater Valentin Plekhek. Vasily Turkina played a well-known Soviet actor Anatoly Papanov. Alexander TriPhonovich, the work of the pilot liked. The showrooms of the Achlags went beyond the anchlages, but already in June - after the twenty-first representation - the performance was banned. And at the XXIII congress of the party, last in spring 1966, the Twardovsky (candidate for members of the Central Committee) did not even elected a delegate. At the end of the summer, 1969 a new studio campaign broke out against the magazine "New World". According to her results in February 1970, the Secretariat of the Writers' Union decided to dismiss the half of the members of the editorial board. Alexander Trifonovich tried to appeal to Brezhnev, but he wanted to meet him. And then the chief editor voluntarily resigned.

The poet has long been with life for a long time - it is clearly visible by his poems. Back in 1967, he wrote amazing lines: "At the bottom of my life, at the bottom of the bottom / I wanted to sit in the sun, There is no, nothing that on the occasion I visited here and noted by checkmark. " In September 1970, a few months after the defeat of the "New World", Alexander Trifonovich struck stroke. He was hospitalized, but in the hospital he was diagnosed with a launched lung cancer. Last year The lives of Tvardovsky lived semi-welded in the country village Red Pahra (Moscow region). December 18, 1971 there was no poet, he was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery.

The memory of Alexander Tvardovsky lives and today. Let him rarely, but his books reprinted. In Moscow, there is a school of his name and a cultural center, and in Smolensk the name of the poet is wearing a regional library. A monument to Tvardovsky and Vasily Terekina stands from May 1995 in the center of Smolensk, in addition, the monument to the famous writer was opened in June 2013 in the capital of Russia on passionate boulevard near the house, in which the editorial office of the New World was located at the end of the sixties. In Zagorire, in the homeland of the poet, the manor of the Tvardovsky was restored in the home of the poet. The poet's brothers - Konstantin and Ivan were assisted in re-creation of a generic farm. Ivan Trifonovich Tvardovsky, an experienced Master-Pilgelorevicker, made most of the objects of the situation. Now in this place is the museum.

According to the materials of the book by A. M. Turkova "Alexander Tvardovsky" and the weekly edition "Our story. 100 great names. "

: Open Data Platform - 2011.

June 21 marks 100 years since the birth of the poet and writer Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky.

Poet, writer Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky was born 21 (08 old style) June 1910 in the village of Zagorne Smolensk province (now this is the Pochinkovsky district of the Smolensk region). His father was a rural blacksmith, a person competent and very well-read.

The poet's childhood had to be at the first post-revolutionary years, and in his youth he had a chance on his own destiny, how to collectivization was carried out. In the 1930s. His father was "smoked" and expelled from his native village.

The poet's talent woke up in Alexander Tvardovsky in early childhood. In 1925, still studying in a rural school, he began working in Smolensk Gazetas, for whom writing articles, essays, sometimes printed their own poems there. The first publication of the future poet - a note "How re-elections of cooperatives" was published on February 15, 1925 in the newspaper "Smolenskaya Village".

Alexander Trifonovich was married. Two children were born in marriage, Valentine's daughter and Olga.

Material is prepared based on open sources.

BIOGRAPHY

Born on June 21, 1910 on the farm ZagoriePochinkovsky district in the peasant family.

Outstanding Russian Poet XX century, five-time winner of state bonuses. Member of the Great Patriotic War. Editor of the "New World" (1950-54, 1958-70) - the best post-war literary and artistic and political journal who determined the face of genuine realistic literature,soviet public figure.

Until 1936 lived and worked on Smolensk region. Printed in the newspapers "Young Comrade", "Smolenskaya Village", "Working Path", "Bolshevik Young", in the journal "Offensive". He was the responsible secretary of the magazine "Western Region". Published 260 works in verses and prose, incl. 3 poems.

In 1928, A.T. Twardovsky moves to Smolensk, where he lives, is studying at the Pedagogical Institute. Much rides around the country. At the same time passes good school Poetic skill at M.V. Isakovsky, accepts active participation In the public and literature of the life of Smolensk region. Impressions and observations, hoped from numerous trips by native edge, I was based on its poems "way to socialism", "Introduction", "Country of Murai", many poems devoted to collectivization of agriculture. Wide recognition brought A.T. The Poem "Country of Murai" (1936), noted in 1941 by the State Prize of the USSR.

Consisted in the Association of Writers until March 1931, excluded for "incorrect lighting of class relations" in the works and due to the degradation and expulsion from the chagnity of the family.

In 1936, A.T. Tvardovsky moved to Moscow. In 1939 he graduated from the Moscow Institute of History, Philosophy and Literature (Mythli). He participated in the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939-40. In the years of the Great Patriotic War, he was at the front, from the beginning to the victorious completion it was at the forefront of the fight against German-fascist invaders. Awarded orders Patriotic War I and II. degrees, red stars, medals.

Wasil Terkin's poem written by him became the classics of Russian poetry of the twentieth century. Created by them national Hero Vasily Terkina personifies the inflexible character of the Soviet, Russian soldier, his courage and resilience in the fight against the enemies of our Motherland. Brightly expressed moral ideals of the people The book "Vasily Terkin" received popular fame, translated into many languages, was awarded the USSR State Prize (1946).

Direct front experience, deep meditation about the historical destinies of the people, difficulties everyday life, Real reality, the desire to extremely frankly, truthfully to understand the "World Big and Difficult" found an artistic embodiment in the "House of the Road" poem (State Prize of the USSR, 1947), in the book "from lyrics of these years. 1959-1967 "(State Award of the USSR. 1971). A special place in his work is occupied by the poem" For Dal - Dal ", written in 1953-66, representing a passionate, agitated confession of the Son of his century. It reflects the mindset of the Soviet society in the fifties years, reflections on the fate of ordinary people, about their own biography, its tragic pages (unreasonable repression of parents, relatives)

For any artist, especially the artist's artist, a writer, the presence of this small, separate and personal homeland is of great importance ... In the creations of genuine artists - and the biggest and more modest in their meaning - we correctly recognize the signs of their small homeland. "

Gentle sown attachment towards native places, to Khutur Zagorie, Smolensk, a grateful memory of A.T.Tvardovsky's grateful memory, expressed in his verses, poems, prose, passionate journalism, in the poetic images created by him.

Without a doubt, Smolenshchina was moral and aesthetic support in the work of A.Ttvardovsky. She fifth her life-gone juices huge talent The great Russian poet, deeply reflecting in his best poems, poems, prose, journalism is complex, sometimes the tragic path of the people he served faith and truth. He was a man of the highest moral and civil appearance. The idea of \u200b\u200bstatehood, patriotism was the beginning of all of all his thoughts, the source of the epicness of his poetry.

Being one of the founders of the "Smolensk Poetic School", A.Ttvardovsky constantly maintained a close relationship with his fellow literators, actively participated in the cultural life of Smolensk and the region. He was for his younger brothers according to Peru not only by the highest example of artistic contemplation, But also a patient mentor, friend, a friend who helped, supported them than he could.

Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky died on December 18, 1971 in the country village near the Red Pahra of the Moscow Region. Buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow. The land was raised to the fresh grave of the poet from the package, brought from the Smolensk Territory. Yuri Pashkov read poems that expressed deep sorrow of Smolyan on the occasion of the death of the great poet of the twentieth century, the famous countryman. They had such lines:

His land where he knew every swamp,

Father's land and Terkina - fighter,

She lies like memory spaces,

Which is neither the edge or the end

When we, above the grave pit standing,

Got the earth then she was

Heavy, warmer, dwarf,

As if all the tears were energized

Memory A.Ttvardovsky is immortalized at his small homeland: in Smolensk and the streets are named after his name, memorial plaques are installed. The regional center has created a memorial museum. On May 2, 1995, in the center of the city-hero Smolensk, opposite the hotel, on which on September 25, 1943, the fighters were waters off the Red Flag, a monument to the poet and the warrior Alexander Tvardovsky and Vasilia Terkina: the famous Russian writer and his world famous literary hero was opened. The Union of Writers of Russia established a literary premium to them. A.T.tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin".

May 24, 1986 for big merits to the Fatherland, native edge, city on Dnipro A.T. Tvardovsky was awarded (posthumously) the title of "Honorary Citizen of the City Hero Smolensk".