Viaduct Miyo is the highest transport bridge in the world. Viaduct Miyo over the Tarn Valley - the highest bridge in the world Bridge in France 304 meters
Last week I flew to Europe and the main goal of the trip was vatets Most In the village of Miyo (Millao). This is French Glush 250 kilometers from the border with Spain. We drove as Karaz from Spain, from Barcelona. All this is 400 km distance. This is one of the highest and most long bridges in the world.
Now a little about the bridge itself is a grandiose structure. Long passage of 2460 meters. 32 meters width, the height of the highest pilon (P2) 343 meters from the ground. The height of the Eiffel Tower is 324 meters. It was built this miracle in 2004, as it was built - you can look at Discovery or Neutlla Jesographer, I don't remember exactly where I watched.
It is located on the A75 highway, from Barcelona to go straight and left :).
Photos in the album "Viaduct Miyo" N Adlle on Yandex.Photes
The border between Spain and France. And rather her absence. You go and go, neither brakes nor checks. I didn't even take the documents with me.
Roads in France, and in Spain, chic. On the tracks, the resolved speed of 130km / h (in the rain 110). But most of the route - toll roads. The total road back comes around somewhere in 50 euros. Take cards, so everything is simple.
Entrance to the bridge from the south. Limit 110, 3 bands, you can not walk on foot.
Turning to the observation site We, of course, profudkali. Here is the left track. I had to hand over.
It is about looking, there you can shout and buy souvenirs. Parking is free. Full people in the houses on the wheels.
Viewpoint. Russians were clearly very little, there is no characteristic inscriptions anywhere. French and few people sometimes come across.
Miyo village itself. The bridge was built so that in the summer the corks did not paralyzal this village.
This is the support that the closest thing is the highest.
Support and guys.
Especially for curious everything is fenced. Do not fly anywhere. Also between the supports you can see another observation deck.
There is probably no such person who has not seen or heard about this unique and beautiful bridge, but I don't have it in from all over the world. So that you were some interest, let's go to the topic on the other hand, let's look at the construction process of this construction.
To one of the main wonders of the Industrial world of France, you can safely attribute the world Miyo Bridge, which is the owner of several records at once. Thanks to this giant bridge, stretching over the huge valley of the river called Tar, ensures uninterrupted and high-speed movement from the capital of France Paris to the small town of Beziers. Many tourists who come to look at this very high bridge In the world, quite often wonder: "Why was it possible to build such expensive and complex in technical plan a bridge, which leads from Paris to a very small town of Bezier?". The thing is that it is in Bezier who is a huge amount. educational institutions, elite private schools and retraining center for highly qualified specialists.
In these schools and colleges there is a huge number of Parisians, as well as residents from others large cities France, which attracts the elitism of education in Bezier. In addition, the town of Beziers spread out only 12 kilometers from the picturesque coast of the warm Mediterranean, which, of course, in turn, also cannot but attract tens of thousands of tourists from all over the globe.
Miio Bridge, which can rightfully consider the top of the skill of engineers and architects, is popular among travelers as one of the most interesting sights of France. First, it opens with a luxurious view of the valley of the Tar River, and secondly, it is one of the favorite objects for modern photographers. The photo of Miyo's bridge, the length of which is almost two and a half kilometers, and the width is 32 meters, made by the best and most authoritative photo artists, decorate numerous office buildings and hotels not only France, but also of the whole world.
A particularly fantastic sight of the bridge is when cloudy is collected under it: at that moment it seems that Viaduct hangs in the air and does not have any support. The height of the bridge over the ground at the highest point is just over 270 meters. Viaduct Miyo. It was built with the sole purpose - to unload the national track number 9, at which in the season there were constantly formed huge traffic jams, and tourists traveling in France, as well as truck drivers, were forced to simply stand in the oppatics.
As mentioned above, the bridge, which is part of the route under the A75 index, connects Paris and the Bezier city among himself, but it is often used by motorists who go to the capital of the country from Spain and southern France. It is worth noting that the passage through Viaduct, which "boil over the clouds" is paid, which does not affect its popularity among drivers of vehicles and guests of the country who came to look at one of the most amazing wonders of the industrial world.
The legendary Viaduct Miyo, who knows every self-respecting specialist in the construction of bridges and which is considered a model of the technological progress of all mankind, was developed by Michel Virlazho and a genius architect with Norman Foster. For those who are not familiar with the works of Norman Foster, it should be clarified that this talented English engineer produced by the Queen of Great Britain in Knights and Baron, not only recreated, but also introduced a number of new unique solutions to the Berlin Reichstag. It is due to its painstaking work, precisely verified calculations, in Germany, in the literal sense, the main symbol of the country was revived from the ashes. Naturally, the talent of Norman Foster and made Viaduct Miyo with one of the modern wonders of the world.
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In addition to the architect from Great Britain, in works on the creation of the highest transport highway in the world, a group entitled "Eiffage", which includes the famous workshop of Eiffel, which developed and built one of the main attractions of Paris. By and large, the talent of the Eiffel and employees from his bureau elevated not only " business card"Paris, but also from France. In the well-coherent tandem, the group "Eiffage", Norma Foster and Michel Virlazho developed the Miyo Bridge, which was solemnly opened on December 14, 2004.
Already 2 days after the festive event on the final link of the A75 route, the first cars drove. Interesting the fact that the first stone in the construction of Viaduct was laid on December 14, only 2001, and the beginning of large-scale construction started on December 16, 2001. Apparently, the builders plans were coincided with the opening date of the bridge to the date of the construction of its construction.
Despite the group of the best architects and engineers to build the highest car transport Most In the world it was unusually difficult. By and large, on our planet there are two more bridges that are located above Miyo above the surface of the Earth: Royal Gorge Bridge in the USA in Colorado (321 meters above the ground) and a Chinese bridge that connects two shores of the River Flash. True, in the first case we are talking about a bridge that can only cross pedestrians, and in the second, about Viaduct, the supports of which are located on the plateau and their height is not able to compare with the supports and pylons Miyo. It is for these reasons that the French Miyo Bridge is considered the most difficult in constructive solutions and the highest automotive bridge in the world.
Some Final A75 Supports are at the bottom of the gorge that shares the "Red Plateau" and Lazarar Plateau. To make the bridge completely safe, the French engineers had to develop each support: almost all of them of different diameters and clearly designed for a certain load. The width of the biggest support of the bridge reaches almost 25 meters from its foundation. True, in the place where the support is connected to the road web, its diameter is noticeably narrowed.
Workers and architects who developed the project during construction work had to face the whole mass of difficulties. First, it took to strengthen places in the gorge, where supports were placed, and secondly, it was necessary to spend quite a long time to transport individual parts of the canvas, its supports and pylons. It is worth only to imagine that the main support of the bridge consists of 16 sections, the weight of each of them is 2 300 (!) Tons. Looking a little forward, I would like to note that this is one of the records that belongs to Miyo Bridge.
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Naturally, vehicles that could deliver such massive parts of the Mio bridge support in the world has not yet exist. For this reason, architects have decided to deliver parts of the supports in parts (if it can be expressed so of course). Each part of weighed about 60 tons. It is quite difficult to even imagine how much time the builders have left only for delivery 7 (!) Support to the place of construction of the bridge, and this is still not counting that each support has a pylon a little over 87 meters, to which 11 pairs of high-strength tests are attached.
However delivery building materials The object is not the only difficulty with which engineers faced. The point is that the valley of the Tar river has always differed in a harsh climate: warm, quickly replacing the penetrating cold, sharp gusts of wind, steep cliffs - only a small part of what was to overcome the builders of the majestic French Viaduct. There are official data that the development of the project and numerous studies continued just over 10 (!) Years. Work on the construction of the Miyo bridge was completed in such complex conditions, it is possible to even say, in record short time: 4 years it was necessary to builders and other services in order to realize the idea of \u200b\u200bNorman Foster, Michel Victory and architects from the Eiffage group.
Moio's roadbed bridge, like his project itself is innovative: In order to avoid deformation of expensive metal canvases, which will be quite difficult to repair in the future, scientists had to be inventing an ultra-modern formula asphalt concrete. Metal canvas are quite strong, but their weight, relative to the entire giant design, can be called insignificant ("total" 36,000 tons). The coating should have been protected from deformation (be soft) and at the same time answer all the requirements of European standards (to resist deformation, used for a long time without repair and prevent the so-called "shifts"). Even the most ultra-modern technologies to solve this problem in a short time simply impossible. During the construction of the bridge, the composition of the road canvase was developed for almost three years. By the way, Miyo's asphalt concrete bridge is recognized as a unique one.
Miyo Bridge - sharp criticism
Despite the long-term development of the plan, clearly verified solutions and loud names Architects, the construction of Viaduct was initially caused sharp criticism. By and large, in France, any construction causes sharp criticism, to recall at least the Basilica Sacre-Ker and Eiffel Tower in Paris. Opponents of the construction of Viaduct talked about the fact that the bridge would be unreliable due to shifts at the bottom of the gorge; never pay off; The use of such technologies on the highway A75 is unreasonable; The bypass route will reduce the flow of tourists to the city of Miyo. This is only a small part of the slogans, with which the Table opponents of the construction of a new Viaduct appealed to the government. They listened to them and for each negative appeal to the public gave authoritative explanation. In fairness, we note that opponents, which included influential associations, did not calm down and continued their protests almost all the time the bridge was built.
Miyo Bridge - a revolutionary decision
The construction of the most famous French Viaduct was gone, according to the most modest calculations, not less than 400 million euros. Naturally, this money needed to be returned, so the passage of Viaductuk made a paid: a clause where you can pay "a journey through a miracle of the modern industry" is not far from the small village of Saint-Germain. Only on its construction was spent more than 20 million euros. At the point of payment there are a huge indoor canopy, for the construction of which 53 gigantic beams took. In the "season", when the flow of machines according to Viaductuk sharply increases, additional bands are involved, which by the word, on the "bandwidth" 16. At this point there is a electronic system that allows you to track the number of cars on the bridge and their clouds. By the way, the term of the concession "Eiffage" will last only 78 years, it was so much time allocated a group to cover its expenses.
Most likely, even to regain all the "Eiffage" funds spent on the construction will not be possible. However, such unfavorable financial forecasts in the group are looking with a fraction of irony. First, Eiffage is far away, but secondly, Miyo bridge served as one more proof of the genius of its specialists. By the way, the conversations that companies built the bridge will lose money - no more than fiction. Yes, the bridge was not built at the expense of the state, but after 78 years, if the bridge does not bring profits to the group, France will be obliged to pay losses. But if "Eiffage will be able to make money on Viaduct Miyo 375 million euros earlier than in 78 years, the bridge will be free of charge of the country. The concession period will last, as already mentioned above - 78 years (until 2045), but the Group of Companies has been guaranteed on its majestic bridge for 120 years.
The passage of the four-band highway Viaduct Miyo is not worth the "transcendental" amounts, as many people might think. The passage of a passenger car in Viaduku, the height of the main support of which is above the most Eiffel Tower (!) And only slightly below the Empire State-Building skyscraper, will cost only 6 euros (in the "season" of 7.70 euros). But for cargo two-axle cars, the price of travel will be already 21.30 euros; For three-axle - almost 29 euros. You have to pay even motorcyclists and people moving around Viaduct on scooters: the cost of traveling on the Miyo Bridge will cost them in 3 euros and 90 euro scents.
Miyo Miyo Bridge includes an eight-power steel road leaf supported by eight steel pillars. The weight of the road fabric is 36,000 tons, the width is 32 meters, length - 2460 meters, depth - 4.2 meters. The length of all six central spans is 342 meters, and two extremes have a length of 204 meters each. The road with a slight bias - 3%, descends from the south side to the north, its curvature with a radius of 20 km in order to enable drivers on best Overview. Transport movement occurs in two strips in all directions. The height of the columns ranges from 77 to 246 m., The diameter of one of the longest columns is 24.5 meters at the base, and the road cannon - one-month meters. Each basis has in its composition sixteen sections. One section has a weight of 2 thousand 230 tons. Sections were collected on the spot from individual parts. Each separate part of the section has a mass of sixty tons, seventeen meters of length and four meters width. Hinding support should support pylons having a height of 97 meters. Initially, columns were collected, which were together with temporary supports, then parts of the canvas moved along supports with jacks. Jacks managed from satellites. The canvas moved six hundred millimeters in four minutes.
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Viaduct Millo (Miyo) in southern France is the highest automotive bridge in the world, 343 meters high. The bridge is above the Eiffel Tower by 37 meters, and a few meters lower than the Empire State Building.
Millo Bridge The lead in the list of the biggest bridges of the world is part of the A75-A71 motorway from Paris to Montpellier. The cost of design was approximately $ 400 million. The construction of the bridge was completed on December 14, 2004. In 2006, the building won the IABSE award, as the most outstanding structure 
The construction of the bridge broke the three world records at once:
1 - the highest supports in the world: 244.96 meters and 221.05 meters in height, respectively 
2 - SAMIA tall tower Bridge in the world: mast on the P2 support reaches a maximum of 343 meters 
3 - the highest road flooring of the automotive bridge in the world, 270 m. Only the rank of the royal bridge in the Colorado gorge, the United States (this pedestrian bridge Through the Arkansas River, sometimes used by cars) above - 321 meters and is considered the highest bridge in the world. 
Viaduct Millo with eight spans holds on seven concrete supports. The highway weighs 36,000 tons and is 2,460 m. In length. The bridge is made in the form of a semicircle with a radius of 20 kilometers. At first, huge supports were built, along with intermediate temporary supports to simplify the construction of the web. Construction of the bridge cost a state of 400 million euros 
The highest bridge in the world built 38 months (just over 3 years). The roadbed was pulled at once from two ends, connecting the sections one after another, using specialized equipment, with the help of hydraulics, gradually moving the bridge sections closer to the supports of the bridge, with an accuracy of millimeters connecting them 
The fare on the bridge is from 4 to 7 euros, depending on the time of year, the most expensive passage is in the summer. Millo daily passes from 10 to 25 thousand cars. According to engineers, the minimum service life of the structure will be 120 years. Annual works are also held in the form of constant checks of fixing cables, bolts, and painting state so that the bridge is in due state 
If you count how many cars will pass on the bridge over 100 years, the figure is 800 million cars. The general fee for travel by Millo will amount to more than 4 billion euros 
There are in southern France, near Miyo, one unique constructions - Road bridge of the guidance system, peroxided through the valley of the Tarn River. The skyscraper bridge "unlocks" the tense motorway, the shortest way connecting Paris and Barcelona. Its construction cost 400 million euros, and the fee for the pleasure of riding it is planned to charge over the next 78 years.
By the way, correctly call this design is still "Viaduct", then you mean the same bridge, but peroxided through the gorge, ravine or a whole valley, as in the case of Millau. Yes, and no matter how I wanted to roll into English, reading the name in the form of Millau, you should not do this. Right - Miyo 🙂
In the area of \u200b\u200bViaduct, there are 7 viewing sites well designated on the map \u003e\u003e
There you can find their description and other useful information.
We visited two of them. First, the bottom Cap de Coste-Brunas, indicated in the diagram number 1. With it, it opens a view from the bottom of the valley, and the supports of the bridge look like real giants, especially compared to the bug-machines docking at the bottom. Total supports seven, the second of which love to compare with Eiffel Tower, not in favor of the latter. Immediately they remembered those sweet-fascinating experiences, which were covered during from the third level Eiffel (310 meters). But would you organize the rise in pylons Miyo?!
11 pairs of Want supporting the road are attached to each of the pylons:
The road leaf 32 meter width is four-way (two strips in each direction), and has two backup bands. To resist the deformations of the metal canvase due to the movement of vehicles, the Appia research team has developed a special asphalt concrete based on mineral resin. The relatively soft to adapt to the deformation of the steel, not giving cracks, he, however, had to have sufficient stability to respond to road criteria (wear, density, structure, clutch, resistance to deformation - the formation of a gauge, splas, shifts, etc. .). It took two years of research to find the "ideal formula".
Before the Earth - 270 meters, Oklmn!
But the most impressive views open from the height of the hill near observation deck L'Aire du Viaduc de Millau (number 7 in the diagram). From there it is clearly seen that Viaduct ... curve! The radius of curvature in 20 km allows the machines to move along a more accurate path than if it were a straight line, and gives Viaductuk the illusion of non-conformity.
For passages now take 6.10 euros from cars (in July and in August - more expensive) that almost robbery for 2.5 kilometers. But the project must somehow recoup ...
While Miyo was built, he was the highest transport bridge, but in 2009 the Chinese built the bridge even higher, even further ... and PE. True, there is a nuance: the Chinese bridge passes over the gorge in Polkilometer in depth, but his supports are not at the bottom. Therefore, another question is above and how to count: in the height of pylons or in the height of the roadbed.
View of the "sail" Viaduka with the main observation. The people, by the way, comes here with their wine, are sitting on Parapets, admire beauty and killery. We also joined 🙂
Each support of the bridge is in four wells in a depth of 15 m and a diameter of 5 m, as well as all of them are equipped with a large number of measuring instruments - anemometers, accelerometers, biaspace, temperature sensors that collect detailed information about the "behavior" of Viaduct and transmit it to the service center, Located along with the point of payment of the road duty.
The valley through which Viaduk is thrown. Roads at the bottom, though minor, but all excellent quality.
Green Tarn River, Creator Valley. Despite its meek species, known for catastrophic floods.
And this is Mio's village, dividing his name with Viaduct. At first, the locals were very happy to build a bridge. Like, now the cars will ride on top, will not pollute the air and create traffic jams. But over time, there is a side effect: a decrease in the number of tourists passing through Miyo, negative way affects the economy of the town.
In general, visiting Viaduct Miyo and the accompanying sightseeing sites was very impressed. Single new attraction of southern France, which must be included in the route, especially traveling by car.
Place of shooting: Valley of the River Tarn, France.
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Miyo Bridge is considered the highest bridge for which cars drive, there are, of course, and higher, for example, in Colorado, but it is allowed to move only to pedestrians, or in China on the Flash River, but his supports are located on the plateau, which is also over Earth. Therefore, if you look honestly, Miyo is the highest with its 270 meters.
Such heights could not be unnoticed, so many tourists come to this place to take a picture of the miracle bridge. He looks particularly impressive when in the valley of Tar fog, then the bridge seems to boil over it. From such a spectacle, really captures the spirit.
Why did Miyo built?
Viaduct Miyo Bridge seems to boil over the valley of the Tar.
Many are surprised, why was such a huge bridge in the area. He does not lead anyone large cities, and connects Paris and Little Gorodishko Bezier. It turns out that Gorodishko although it is small, but it is in him there are many elite educational institutions.
From Paris and other French cities, all students who thirs are going to get an elite education come here. In addition, Beziers is located quite close to the Mediterranean Sea, so that the influx of people heading towards the city is great.
Previously, all motorists holding the path in this direction moved along the number 9. But because of the large stream of people there often formed plugs. Tourists could not arrive at the destination on time, truck drivers deliver goods, the students did not have time to study - everyone stood in huge traffic jams.
Now, thanks to Miyo, the path is free. You can have time to do business on time. However, it should be borne in mind that the passage of Miyo is not free, and about how much fares on the bridge read below.
Construction and difficulties in building a bridge
Studies that were conducted before the construction of the bridge, for some data lasted 10 years. During this time, the chief architect Norma Foster, together with Michel Virlazho and the Eiffage group, were able to create a practically perfect draft bridge. By the way, in Eiffage enters the Eiffel workshop, which designed and built the main Parisian landmark.
Over Miyo worked exactly three years. On December 14, 2001, construction began, but ended the same number, only 2004. During this time, developers had to overcome many difficulties.
The most basic is the development and mounting of the supports on which the bridge holds. Each support was developed separately, each has different lengths, weight and diameter, the greatest support has a base of 25 meters.
Big problems arose with their transportation. For example, the greatest support has 16 sections, and each of them weighs at least 2,300 tons. It is clear that it was impossible to deliver a whole support to the bridge. Therefore, I had to deliver in parts. It took a lot of time and strength. In total, supports 7 pieces, moreover, there are still pylons on the bridge and the mass of other design elements.
However, on this difficulty developers did not end. Miyo Bridge threatened the deformation of metal structures, which are not enough that very expensive, so even more difficult.
Therefore, a group who worked on the project was to invent a new formula asphalt concrete. The coating was intended to protect the cloth from the deformation and comply with other standards. As a result, it was possible to develop a unique asphalt concrete, according to which motorists go.
Despite the exactly thoughtful project and the hardest work not all the idea came to taste. Miyo Bridge sharply criticized, arranged demonstrations, the purpose of which was to stop the construction. Few people believed in the success of the project. And even when the bridge began to build and have already invested in this funds, there were people and organizations who were trying to prevent him with all their efforts.
Is the project of the bridge as a business? Time will tell
Miyo Bridge is considered the highest bridge for which cars drive
Now, when Miyo Bridge is already built, developers had to come with another difficulty. The bridge is not state, it was built for money "Eiffage", but the government of France gave only 78 years in order to recoup these costs. And by the way, it was spent 400 million euros!
So for the passage you need to pay motorists 7, 7 euros, cargo cars from 21, 3 euros, 3 euros motorcyclists and even pedestrians are symbolic 90 cents.
However, the company can be understood, such costs are difficult to recoup, especially for such a lines, and this is despite the fact that the guarantee on the Eiffage Bridge itself was given in 120 years. But if you figure it out, this project was not designed to make a profit, but in order to strengthen the image of the famous company, which can now be famous not only to the Eiffel Tower.
Viaduct Miyo Bridge - Video
Viaduct Miyo Bridge is the highest transport bridge in the world, one of his supports has a height of 341 meters - a little higher than the Eiffel Tower, and only 40 meters lower than Empire State Building. Bridge stands on 7 supports. The total length of the bridge is 2460 m, its width is 32 m. See how Miyo Bridge was built.
http://youtu.be/sdhgm3n4cxy
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