April 14 what happened that day. April events happened - historical dates

April 14 - Emperor Alexander I abolishes the Secret Expedition of the Senate and abolishes torture during interrogation.

On April 14, 1801, Emperor Alexander I abolished the Secret Expedition of the Senate and abolished torture during interrogation. The search was developed during the time of many Russian rulers. For example, under Peter I, the Preobrazhensky Prikaz was created for these cases, in charge of all political affairs, all institutions in any way connected with political investigation were subordinate to it.

Under Anna Ioannovna, for these purposes, the Office of Secret Investigation Affairs was established (1731), whose activity was based on denunciations and which was personally subordinate to the empress. Moreover, they suffered from such activities not only ordinary people, but also representatives of the nobility.

The unpopularity of the Chancellery in Russian society was so great that Peter III liquidated it in 1762, but that was not for long. Already Catherine II, having ascended the throne as a result palace coup, confirmed the decree on the liquidation of the Secret Chancellery, but by another act immediately approved the Secret Expedition to the Senate.

It was under Catherine II that this "special service" reached its heyday, becoming the central government agency Russia, the body of political oversight and investigation. The Empress personally supervised especially important investigations, in which she herself approved the verdicts, including the cases of E. Pugachev, N. Novikov, A. Radishchev and others. The investigation often took place with the use of severe corporal punishment.

The main place in the activities of the Secret Expedition, according to tradition, was taken by denunciations and torture. Moreover, the main evidence of guilt was considered the suspect's own confession, which was sought by all possible ways... The expedition was the most closed organ, which instilled fear in the inhabitants of the empire. The history of this organ ended with the accession to the throne of Alexander I.

(2) On April 14, 1801, Emperor Alexander I in the Senate announced the liquidation of the Secret Expedition and the transfer of the investigation on political matters to the institutions in charge of criminal proceedings, and also prohibited torture during interrogation.
From that moment on, these cases were to be considered by local judicial institutions "on the same rules that are observed in all criminal offenses." For persons of "common rank" these court decisions the governors approved, and the fate of the nobles was finally decided by the Senate.

On April 14, 1961, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the honorary title of "Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR" was established in commemoration of the world's first space flight man on the satellite ship "Vostok", launched on April 12, 1961.

For the first time, of course, this title was awarded to Yuri Gagarin. Later this honorary title was awarded to all Soviet cosmonauts.
The cosmonauts awarded the honorary title were also awarded a diploma of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and a silver badge "Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR", the number of which, as a rule, coincided with the serial number of the cosmonaut. The badge "Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR" was prescribed to be worn on the right side of the chest. If the person awarded this title has already been awarded with orders USSR, then the badge was placed above them.

In total, by the end of 1991, 72 citizens flew into space. Soviet Union and they all received this honorary title. Toktar Aubakirov became the last "Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR" (badge # 72) in 1991, for the implementation of a space flight at the orbital scientific research complex "Mir".

On March 20, 1992, the Law of the Russian Federation established the title of "Pilot-Cosmonaut Russian Federation". The new badge differed from the previous one only with Russian symbols. In particular, instead of the inscription "USSR" the inscription "Russia" appeared, and instead of the red silhouette of the territory of the Soviet Union - the blue silhouette of the territory of the Russian Federation. The red color of the ribbon on the last was replaced by a tricolor corresponding to the national flag.

Number Russian cosmonauts have become anew. The badge of honor No. 1 was received by Alexander Kaleria, who returned from the first space flight, on August 10, 1992. Since then, both cosmonauts of the USSR and pilots-cosmonauts of the Russian Federation have been simultaneously flying into space.

1471 - Battle of Barnet between Yorkists - under the command of King Edward IV and the Lancastrians - under the command of Earl Richard Warwick during the War of the Scarlet and White Rose in England.
1543 - The Spanish expedition of Bartolome Ferrelo, which discovered the San Francisco Bay, is completed.
1611 - The word "telescope" was first used by Prince Federico Cesi
1618 - In Siberia, a detachment of Cossacks landed on the banks of the Tom River and began the construction of the Kuznetsk prison (now the city of Novokuznetsk).
1621 - The self-dissolution of the union of the German princes "Protestant League" is announced.
1682 - In Pustozersk, by order of the tsar, the leader of the Russian schismatics Archpriest Avvakum was burned (April 1, according to the Julian calendar).
1687 - King James II of England gave equal rights to Catholics and Protestants.
1801 - Emperor Alexander I abolished the Secret Expedition to the Senate and abolished torture during interrogation.
1828 - American lexicographer Noah Webster published his American Dictionary of English language.
1842 - Signing by Nicholas I of the Decree on obliged peasants. The transition of the former serfs to contractual relations with the landlords.
1848 - Creation of a secret censorship committee chaired by Count DP Buturlin to monitor the press.
1849 - Hungarian rebels declare Hungary's independence from Austria.
1863 - The premiere of the first Ukrainian opera "Zaporozhets beyond the Danube" by S. Gulak-Artemovsky took place at the Mariinsky Theater.
1864 - The Spanish fleet captures the Chincha Islands off the coast of Peru, triggering the Spanish-South American War.
1865 - Fatal wound of the 16th President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln, as a result of the attempted assassination of his life; Lincoln passed away the next day.
1871 - Parliament - Reichstag is established in Germany.
1894 - The first public demonstration of Edison's film projector takes place.
1900 - Europe's largest international exhibition opens in Paris.
1909 - The Anglo-Persian Oil Company (now British Petroleum) is established.
1909 - The beginning of Christian pogroms in Adana in the Ottoman Empire.
1912 - The Titanic hits an iceberg.
1918 - Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on the proclamation of the red banner as the state flag of the Soviet state.
1923 - The Nauka publishing house was founded in Moscow.
1924 - Tsaritsyn was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
1927 - The first Volvo car rolled off the assembly line in Gothenburg, Sweden.
1929 - The first Monaco Grand Prix is ​​held in Monte Carlo.
1931 - The overthrow of the monarchy and the proclamation of the Catalan Republic in Spain as a result of the Spanish Revolution of 1931-1939.
1932 - In Leningrad, the first residential building on the street. Ruzovskaya, 15.
1940 - In Western Ukraine, marriage registration books were confiscated from priests.
1944 - explosion in the Bombay docks, about eight hundred dead (according to unofficial data - more than 1300 tons)
1945 - As a result of an air raid of more than five hundred British bombers, the historic center of Potsdam is practically destroyed.
- Creation of the Main Botanical Garden of the USSR Academy of Sciences in Moscow.
1953 - The first flight of the Ka-15 multipurpose helicopter, the first serial helicopter of the NI Kamov Design Bureau.
1956 - Charles Ginsburg, Charles Andersen and Ray Dolby demonstrate their invention - the first video recorder (in triplicate).
1961 - The first broadcast of a television program from Moscow to the capitals of the countries Western Europe on the networks "Eurovision" and "Intervision".
- By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Regulation on the honorary title "Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR" was approved
1967 - Several bombs exploded in the capital, Port-au-Prince, during celebrations to mark the 60th anniversary of Haitian President and Dictator François Duvalier. The bombings were organized by the Haitian opposition and triggered massive repression.
1975 - In a referendum in the Himalayan principality of Sikkim, the majority of the population voted against independence and in favor of joining India.
1980 - First commercial videotape in England (with Harry Newman concert).
1981 - the first manned flight of the Space Shuttle program (shuttle Columbia, mission STS-1) ended; crew commander - John Young.
1983 - The first radiotelephone is marketed in the UK.
1988 - Signing of the international Geneva agreements on a political settlement in Afghanistan.
1991 - 20 paintings worth $ 500 million were stolen from the Van Gogh Museum.
1998 - In Yekaterinburg, the city's Internal Affairs Directorate dispersed about 4,000 (according to official data) students protesting against the education reform.
2010 - Earthquake in the city of Yushu in the PRC. More than three hundred people died.
- The eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano.

1471 - Battle of Barnet between Yorkists - under the command of King Edward IV and the Lancastrians - under the command of Earl Richard Warwick during the War of the Scarlet and White Rose in England.

1543 - The Spanish expedition of Bartolome Ferrelo, which discovered the San Francisco Bay, is completed.

1611 - The word "telescope" was first used by Prince Federico Cesi

1618 - In Siberia, a detachment of Cossacks landed on the banks of the Tom River and began the construction of the Kuznetsk prison (now the city of Novokuznetsk).

1621 - The self-dissolution of the union of the German princes "Protestant League" is announced.

1682 - In Pustozersk, by order of the tsar, the leader of the Russian schismatics Archpriest Avvakum was burned (April 1, according to the Julian calendar).

1687 - King James II of England gave equal rights to Catholics and Protestants.

1801 - Emperor Alexander I abolished the Secret Expedition to the Senate and abolished torture during interrogation.

1828 - The American lexicographer Noah Webster published his American Dictionary of the English Language.

1842 - Signing by Nicholas I of the Decree on obliged peasants. The transition of the former serfs to contractual relations with the landlords.

1848 - Creation of a secret censorship committee chaired by Count DP Buturlin to monitor the press.

1849 - Hungarian rebels declare Hungary's independence from Austria.

1863 - The premiere of the first Ukrainian opera "Zaporozhets beyond the Danube" by S. Gulak-Artemovsky took place at the Mariinsky Theater. 1864 - The Spanish fleet captures the Chincha Islands off the coast of Peru, triggering the Spanish-South American War.

1865 - Fatal wound of the 16th President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln, as a result of the attempted assassination of his life; Lincoln passed away the next day.

1871 - Parliament - Reichstag is established in Germany. 1894 - The first public demonstration of Edison's film projector takes place.

1900 - Europe's largest international exhibition opens in Paris.

1909 - The Anglo-Persian Oil Company (now British Petroleum) is established.

1909 - The beginning of Christian pogroms in Adana in the Ottoman Empire.

1912 - The Titanic hits an iceberg.

1918 - Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on the proclamation of the red banner as the state flag of the Soviet state.

1923 - The Nauka publishing house was founded in Moscow.

1924 - Tsaritsyn was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

1927 - The first Volvo car rolled off the assembly line in Gothenburg, Sweden.

1929 - The first Monaco Grand Prix is ​​held in Monte Carlo.

1931 - The overthrow of the monarchy and the proclamation of the Catalan Republic in Spain as a result of the Spanish Revolution of 1931-1939.

1932 - In Leningrad, the first residential building on the street. Ruzovskaya, 15.

1940 - In Western Ukraine, marriage registration books were confiscated from priests.

1944 - explosion in the Bombay docks, about eight hundred dead (according to unofficial data - more than 1300 tons)

1945 - As a result of an air raid of more than five hundred British bombers, the historic center of Potsdam is practically destroyed. - Creation of the Main Botanical Garden of the USSR Academy of Sciences in Moscow. 1953 - The first flight of the Ka-15 multipurpose helicopter, the first serial helicopter of the NI Kamov Design Bureau.

1956 - Charles Ginsburg, Charles Andersen and Ray Dolby demonstrate their invention - the first video recorder (in triplicate).

1961 - The first transmission of a television program from Moscow to the capitals of Western Europe through the Eurovision and Intervision networks. - By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Regulation on the honorary title "Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR" was approved

1967 - Several bombs exploded in the capital, Port-au-Prince, during celebrations to mark the 60th anniversary of Haitian President and Dictator François Duvalier. The bombings were organized by the Haitian opposition and triggered massive repression.

1975 - In a referendum in the Himalayan principality of Sikkim, the majority of the population voted against independence and in favor of joining India.

1980 - First commercial videotape in England (with Harry Newman concert).

1981 - the first manned flight of the Space Shuttle program (shuttle Columbia, mission STS-1) ended; crew commander - John Young.

1983 - The first radiotelephone is marketed in the UK.

1988 - Signing of the international Geneva agreements on a political settlement in Afghanistan.

1991 - 20 paintings worth $ 500 million were stolen from the Van Gogh Museum.

1998 - In Yekaterinburg, the city's Internal Affairs Directorate dispersed about 4,000 (according to official data) students protesting against the education reform.

2010 - Earthquake in the city of Yushu in the PRC. More than three hundred people died. - The eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano

Events in history

April 14, 1900(April 2, 1900, old style) Russian marine painter Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky died in Feodosia. In romantic canvases ("The Ninth Wave", 1850; "Black Sea", 1881) he depicted the sea, the courage of people fighting against the elements, naval battles... Born (July 29 (July 17, O.S.) 1817, ibid.

April 14, 1904 Valentin Antonovich Penkovsky was born in Mogilev - Soviet military leader, general of the army (1961). Participated in the Civil War 1918-1920. In the Great Patriotic War on the Southwestern, Stalingrad, Donskoy, Voronezh, Leningrad, 1st and 2nd Baltic and 1st Far Eastern fronts - Chief of Staff of the Air Defense Directorate of the Southwestern Front, Chief of Army Air Defense, Commander rifle division(1941-1942), chief of staff of the 21st, 6th guards, 25th armies (1942-1945). Died on April 26, 1969 in Minsk.

April 14, 1906 the resignation of Sergei Yulievich Witte and the appointment of Ivan Logginovich Goremykin to the post of chairman of the council of ministers.

April 14, 1928 born Elena Nikolaevna Kartseva - film critic, candidate of art history (1967). Began to publish in 1959. Author of many articles on the art of cinema, including the aesthetics of foreign cinema.

April 14, 1930 in Moscow, a Russian poet, one of the brightest representatives of the avant-garde art of the 1910-1920s, Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky, committed suicide. Born July 19 (July 7, old style) 1893 in the village of Baghdadi, Kutaisi province, into a noble family.

April 14, 1943 the Main Directorate of Counterintelligence "Smersh" - "Death to Spies" was formed.

April 14, 1951 Pyotr Nikolaevich Mamonov was born in Moscow - Russian rock musician, actor, poet. Known for the musical group "Sounds of Mu", films and performances.

April 14, 1956 the Ampex company demonstrated at the NAB convention in Chicago the first commercial videotape recorder VR-1000, which uses magnetic tape of the Q format for recording a video signal. The inventor of the device is a Russian scientist, an emigrant from Russia, Alexander Matveyevich Ponyatov.

April 14, 1957 Viktor Feliksovich Vekselberg was born in the city of Drohobych, in the Ukrainian SSR, a Russian entrepreneur, manager, president of the Skolkovo fund, chairman of the board of directors of the Renova group of companies.

April 14, 1961 the title of "Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR" was established.

April 14, 1961 By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin received the "Hero of the Soviet Union" award.

April 14, 1973 in New York was born Adrian Brody - American actor and film producer, star of the films "King Kong", "Predators", "Replacement Teacher". Oscar and Cesar winner (the only American actor) in the Best Actor nomination. He gained worldwide fame after the role of the Polish-Jewish musician Vladislav Shpilman in the film "The Pianist".

April 14, 1986 Simone de Beauvoir died in Paris, France - French writer, the wife of the philosopher Jean Paul Sartre, who shared her husband's existentialist views about the unknowability of man and the absurdity of the world. In the novel "Guest" (1943) - existentialist ideas of the absurdity of the world. The novel "Tangerines" (1954) about post-war life France. The book about the moral emancipation of women "Second Sex" (1949). The story "Pretty Pictures" (1966). Autobiographical Trilogy (1958-1963). Plays. She was born on January 9, 1908 in the same place.

April 14, 1988 Kristina Igorevna Asmus (real

Today, April 14, Ukraine celebrates the Day of the Traffic Police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, the Slavs have a holiday today - the Day of Semargl, in India they celebrate the beginning of the sunny New Year.

Holidays April 14, 2019

Day of traffic police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine

Every year on April 14, employees of the State Traffic Inspectorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine celebrate their professional holiday, which was proclaimed by the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian SSR on August 24, 1991. In the Ukrainian independent state, the day of the creation of the State Traffic Inspectorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine was officially approved, hence this professional holiday appeared in the country.

Holiday among the Slavs - Semargl Day

Semargla - Firebog is the Majestic Slavic god of the moon and fire, who gives people light and dwells among people. The purpose of Semargl is still not known. The Slavs believed that the God of Fire and the Moon keeps seeds and crops and can become sacred winged dog... Semargla was revered by the people in those days when ceremonies and signs were mentioned that were associated with fire and bonfires. On this day, April 14, Semargl melts the last snows and the Slavs celebrate Semargl's Day. In the annals there is a mention of the appearance of Semargl on the light from fire.

The beginning of the sunny New Year in India

A sunny New Year is beginning in India. On this day, April 14, Hindus believe that the goddess Ganga will descend to earth and mark the beginning of a sunny new year in India. On April 13, Hindus gather for a ritual bathing at the banks of the sacred river Ganges. This holiday in India takes place on April 14 - the first day of the Tamil month of Chitirai. On New Year Hindus fly flags and decorate their homes with flowers, embroidery with images of gods and religious subjects. Children run through the streets with garlands of colorful flowers and wish everyone good luck in the New Year. The festivities in many places are accompanied by various performances and fireworks.

Unusual Holidays

On April 14, an unusual holiday is celebrated - Triangular Day, as well as an unusual and funny in its essence Day of grunting zelyuk.

Triangular day

It is possible to celebrate this day only because a lot of things in our life are connected by a triangle. This is a "triangular" relationship and hats, "cocked hats", and oh Bermuda Triangle everybody knows. See for yourself how much triangular around you ...
Both the old man and the youth went to her,
scientists and schoolchildren flowed,
and many were destined to end
in her Bermuda Triangle.
Grunting Zelyuk Day is celebrated on April 14th.
Have you ever seen someone's red ears stick out comically in the thick dark blue grass? Didn't you think that there is an owl in each bundle? Have you ever heard a strange, unheard-of noise - the chirping of grunts or the squeak of midges? If this feeling is already familiar to you, then today has come a fun time when, in the midst of springtime, grunting zelyuks play their music, like a friendly cheerful orchestra.

Church holiday according to the national calendar

Marya Empty cabbage soup

On this day, Christians honor the memory of the Christian Saint Reverend Mary of Egypt, who was born in the middle of the 5th century in Egypt and was considered the patroness of all repentant women. At the age of 12, Mary left her parents and went to Alexandria, where she later became a harlot.
When one day Mary wanted to enter the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, some force held her back and did not let her inside. Mary then began to pray in front of the icon of the Mother of God, realizing her fall. After her prayer, she freely entered the temple and took the sacrament. Then Mary settled in the wilderness, and lived there in prayers of repentance, in fasting and in complete seclusion for 47 years.
The people turned to Mary of Egypt for protection from bad words and evil eye.
They remembered empty cabbage soup on Maria, because by April the peasants were running out of cabbage, and therefore they had only to dream of thick cabbage soup, in which there was "a spoon".
At that time our ancestors used to say: "You wanted sour cabbage soup in April!"
There were such signs among the people that day: if the water spreads widely, then the meadows will be green and violent. And if ice jams form on April 14, then the year will be difficult.
Name days April 14 at Efim, Ivan, Makar, Maria, Sergei
They also celebrate April 14: Day of the Medical Service of the Penitentiary System, Day of Grunting Zelyuk, Fire Festival

April 14th in history

1930 - V.V. Mayakovsky committed suicide.
1931 - The overthrow of the monarchy and the proclamation of the Catalan Republic in Spain as a result of the Spanish Revolution of 1931-1939.
1932 - Opening of the Dagestan medical institute in Makhachkala.
1945 - Tokyo is destroyed by American aircraft.
1945 - As a result of an air raid of more than five hundred British bombers, the historic center of Potsdam is practically destroyed.
1945 - Creation of the Main Botanical Garden of the USSR Academy of Sciences in Moscow.
1947 - The USSR and India established diplomatic relations.
1953 - The first flight of the KA-15 helicopter - the first serial multipurpose helicopter of the Design Bureau of N.I. Kamov
1961 - The title of "Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR" was established.
1978 - A mass demonstration took place in Tbilisi demanding that the Georgian language be given the status of an official one.
1998 - In Yekaterinburg, about 4,000 students protesting against the education reform were brutally dispersed.
2001 - Forceful seizure of the NTV television company by representatives of one of the shareholders of the Gazprom company.
2012 - Died Kakhrimanov Mugudin Hamidovich, Lezghin military and public figure, publicist, retired major general, one of the most active leaders of the Lezgin national liberation movement for the reunification and restoration of statehood.

Air Defense Day (date for 2013)

Air Defense Day (troops air defense) Is a professional holiday of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus, established by the presidents of the two states (in the Russian Federation - by Presidential Decree of May 31, 2006, in Belarus - by Presidential Decree No. 175 in 1998) and celebrated annually on the second Sunday of April. Despite the dates indicated, the event itself began to be celebrated back in Soviet times... And this is due to the fact that the formation of the air defense forces fell on April. The history of the development of air defense in Russia dates back to 1914, when during the First World War the army Russian Empire first used machine guns and cannons to shoot Austrian air targets. Air Defense Day is celebrated by all servicemen of the Russian Federation and Belarus, one way or another related to the defense of state air borders.

Traffic police day in Ukraine

Six years after Ukraine gained independence, the country officially documented and signed an order approving the State Automobile Inspectorate. By the decree of Kambin of April 14, 1997, the "Regulations on the State Traffic Inspectorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine" were formalized in Ukraine. Since that time, the traffic police have celebrated their professional holiday every year. The responsibilities of this service are very broad. The competence of the traffic police includes the implementation of many tasks to maintain order on the roads: the service, both day and night, monitors the implementation of laws road traffic, suppresses violations of the rules on the roads, and also partially participates in the state policy in the field of conservation environment from the harmful effects of transport. Today in Ukraine there are about 25 thousand traffic police officers.

April 14 in the folk calendar

Marya - Empty cabbage soup

On April 14, the people honor the memory of the Monk Mary of Egypt, who was a Christian saint - the patroness of repentant women. The Monk Mary was born in Egypt in the fifth century. A hard life pushed her to leave her father's house at a very early age and become a harlot. Once, on one of the Christian holidays, she tried to enter the temple, but some unknown force restrained the girl. Then she repented and began to pray earnestly to the Mother of God. After some time, Mary was able to freely cross the threshold of the temple. She took the sacrament, settled in deserted places, where she lived the rest of her life in complete solitude, repentance and prayer.

In Russia, they turned to Mary of Egypt in order to protect the family from the evil eye and damage. This day was not nicknamed empty cabbage soup by chance. As a rule, by mid-April the peasants were running out of their last supplies of cabbage, so they had to forget about cabbage for now. However, inventive housewives knew how to replace cabbage. Instead, they put sorrel or nettles in the soup, which by this time were already green. It turned out both tasty and very useful.

The overflowing waters were also observed on Maria. If the rivers spread widely, then the meadows will now be rich in greenery and grass - the cattle will be satisfied, and the hay reserves can be made up. They also paid attention to how the ice melted from the rivers. Its easy and quick convergence symbolized a good year, but the resulting ice jams indicated the opposite - the year would be very difficult.

Historical events on April 14

April 14, 1801- Abolition of the Secret Expedition of the Senate and the abolition of the system of torture during interrogation

On April 14, 1801, Alexander the First liquidated the Secret Expedition in the Senate and canceled torture during interrogations. From that moment on, all cases of violations of the law began to be transferred to local judicial institutions. For the common people, court decisions were considered and approved by the governors, and the fate of the "higher ranks" was finally decided by the Senate.

In 1961, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet introduced the new honorary title of "Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR" into the system of awards of the USSR in honor of the first manned flight into open space, which took place two days earlier. The first to be awarded the honorary title was, of course, Yuri Gagarin. Soon others received it. Soviet cosmonauts... In addition to the title of "Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR", the heroes were also awarded a diploma from the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet and badge cast in silver. And it was customary to wear it on the right side of the chest, above all other badges (if any).

In total, 72 citizens of the USSR visited space until the beginning of the 90s. All of them were eventually awarded the title of "Pilot-Cosmonaut". In March 1992, by a decree of the government of the Russian Federation, this title was reissued to the "Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation". The badge has also undergone some changes: in particular, instead of the old inscription "USSR" there was a new one - "Russia".

March 14, 1993- The fire that engulfed the Kama Automobile Plant actually destroyed the enterprise

The fire that engulfed the building in a matter of minutes destroyed not only the production building, but also modern expensive technological equipment. From the very first hours of liquidation terrible fire the work went in two directions. On the one hand, it was necessary to restore the capacity for the production of 100 thousand engines, and on the other, to create the basis for the production of power units based on modern equipment. Thanks to the support of the Russian authorities, the Kamsky plant rose from the ashes literally in the shortest possible time, and already in December of the same year the enterprise released its first products after the fire.

April 14 were born

Denis Fonvizin(1745-1792) - the founder of Russian comedy, who said the famous phrase: "Live and learn ...". The stunning success of the first production of the play "The Minor" has been attested to by many facts, including reviews from the audience themselves. And the works of Fonvizin gave an impetus for creativity to such great Russian writers as A. Pushkin, N. Gogol, L. Tolstoy and F. Dostoevsky.

Pyotr Stolypin(1862-1911) - one of the largest statesmen-reformers in the history of Russia. From 1906 he was the Prime Minister of Russia. His main merit, according to Minister Maklakov, was that Stolypin was well aware of the need for radical social reform, he comprehended and calculated its significance for the entire people. Stolypin had many ill-wishers seeking to "sweep" him from the political scene. As a result, in 1911, Pyotr Stolypin was mortally wounded, after which he died.

Christian Huygens(1629-1695) - Dutch mathematician, mechanical physicist and astronomer. Huygens possessed a wealth of knowledge in many areas and was a person with a wide range of interests. The scientist managed to develop many theories (for example, wave theory light), design a pendulum clock and patent a pocket watch, invent an eyepiece, etc. Using a telescope, Huygens studied Saturn in detail, discovering its rings and several satellites. In addition, the scientist developed the first prototype of the planetarium, and also came close to the discovery of the law of gravitation, but, alas, did not have time.

Name days April 14

Name days on April 14 are celebrated by representatives of the names: Maria, Efim, Valery, Abraham, Sergei, Makar (Makarii).