And g Ehrenburg works. Ehrenburg Ilya Grigorievich
Ehrenburg Ilya Grigorievich
Born: January 26, 1891
Died: August 31, 1967 (76 years old)
Biography
Ilya Grigorievich Ehrenburg - Russian Writer, Poet, Publicist, Journalist, Translator from French and spanish Languages, public figure, photographer. In 1908-1917 and 1921-1940 was in emigration, since 1940 lived in the USSR.
Ilya Erenburg was born in Kiev in a wealthy Jewish family, in which he was a fourth child and the only son.
His father is Hersch Gershonovich (Gersh Germanich, Grigory Grigorievich) Ehrenburg (1852-1921) - was an engineer and a merchant of the Second Guild (subsequently the first guild); Mother - Khan Berkovna (Anna Borisovna) Ehrenburg (nee Arinstein, 1857-1918) - housewife.
He had senior sisters man (Maria, 1881-1940), Evgenia (1883-1965) and Isabella (1886-1965).
Parents got married in Kiev on June 9, 1877, then lived in Kharkov, where three daughters were born, and returned to Kiev only before the birth of the Son.
The family lived in the grandfather of his father from the Father - the merchant of the Second Guild of Gregory (Gershon) Ilyich Ehrenburg - in the house of Natalia Sparks at Street Institution No. 22.
In 1895, the family moved to Moscow, where the Father received the director of the Khamovnic Beer-Medical Plant.
Family lived on Ostozhenka, in the house of the Varvarian society in Savelovsky Lane, Apartment 81.
Since 1901, together with N. I. Bukharin, he studied in the 1st Moscow Gymnasium, was excluded from the sixth grade in 1907).
Revolution. Emigration. Return
After the events of 1905, participated in the work of the revolutionary organization of social democrats, but did not enter into the RSDLP itself.In 1907, he was elected to the editorial board of the printed organ of the Social Democratic Union of Pupils of Middle educational institutions Moscow. In January 1908, he was arrested, six months spent in prisons and released before the court, but in December emigrated to France, there lived there for more than 8 years.
Gradually departed from political activities.
In Paris, engaged literary activities, rotated in the circle of modernist artists.
The first poem "I went to you" was printed in the journal "Northern Dawns" on January 8, 1910, released the collections "Poems" (1910), "I live" (1911), "Dandelions" (1912), "Weekdays" (1913 ), "Poems about the eve" (1916), the book of transfers F. Viyon (1913), several numbers of magazines "Helios" and "Evening" (1914).
In 1914-1917, he was a correspondent of Russian newspapers "Morning Russia" and "Exchange Vedomosti" on the Western Front.
In the summer of 1917, returned to Russia.
In the fall of 1918, he moved to Kiev, where he looked at his cousin - a doctor-dermatovenerologist of the local Jewish hospital Alexander Grigorievich Lurier on Vladimirskaya Street, 40.
In August 1919, he married the niece of Dr. Lurie (his cousin's mother's cousin) Lyubov Kozintseva.
From December 1919 to September 1920, along with his wife, he lived in Koktebel at Maximilian Voloshina, then from Feodosia Barges crossed in Georgia, then went to Tiflis, where the Soviet passports, and brothers, and the Mandelstam brothers, with which in October 1920, Together, as a diploma, they went by train from Vladikavkaz to Moscow.
At the end of October 1920, Ehrenburg was arrested by the HCC and was released by the intervention of N. I. Bukharin.
Recently perceiving the victory of the Bolsheviks (a collection of poems "Prayer about Russia", 1918; Publicistics in the newspaper "Kiev Life"), in March 1921, Ehrenburg went abroad again.
Being expelled from France, spent some time in Belgium and arrived in Berlin in November.
In 1921-1924, he lived in Berlin, where she released about two dozen books, collaborated in the "New Russian Book", together with L. M. Lisitsky published a constructivist magazine "The item".
In 1922, he published the philosophical and satirical novel "The extraordinary adventures of Julio Khurenito and his students", in which the interesting mosaic picture of Europe and Russia's life of the First World War and Revolution is given, but the main thing is to see the prochests amazing in their accuracy. Leonid Zhukhovitsky wrote about this:
I am still awesome fully commercially coming prophecies from "Julio Khurenito". Accidentally guessed? But it was possible to accidentally guess the German fascism, and his Italian variety, and even atomic bombused by the Americans against the Japanese. Probably, in the young Ehrenburg there was nothing from Nostradamus, Vanga or Messing. There was another - a powerful mind and a fast response that allowed to capture the main features of entire peoples and anticipate their development in the future. In the past century, for a similar gift burned on a fire or declared crazy as Chaadayev.
I. G. Erenburg was an advocacy of avant-garde art ("but still she spins", 1922).
In 1922 his last collection of poems "devastating love" came out.
In 1923 he wrote a collection of "Thirteen Tubes" stories and Roman Trest D. E..
Ehrenburg was close to left circles french society, actively collaborated with the Soviet stamp - from 1923 he worked as a correspondent of Izvestia.
His name and talent of the publicist were widely used by Soviet propaganda to create an attractive image. Soviet Union Abroad.
Much drove in Europe:
(Germany - 1927, 1928, 1930, 1931;
Turkey, Greece - 1926;
Spain - 1926;
Poland - 1928;
Czechoslovakia - 1927, 1928, 1931, 1934;
Sweden, Norway - 1929;
Denmark - 1929, 1933;
England - 1930;
Switzerland - 1931;
Romania, Yugoslavia, Italy - 1934).
In the summer and in the fall of 1932, he traveled through the USSR, was on the construction of the Moscow-Donbass highway, in Kuznetske, Sverdlovsk, Novosibirsk, Tomsk, the result of which became a novel "Day of the second" (1934), convicted of critics; In 1934, performed at the first congress soviet writers.
July 16-18, 1934 in order to find Mandelstam visited Voronezh in the link of Osip.
Since 1931, the tone of his journalistic and artistic works It is becoming more and more prospeted, with faith in the "bright future of a new person."
In 1933, the Izogiz publisher was released by the Ehrenburg Photo Album "My Paris" in the desired lisitsky cartoning and dust pack.
After the arrival of Hitler to power becomes the largest master of anti-Nazi propaganda.
During the Civil War in Spain, 1936-1939, Ehrenburg was the Military Correspondent of Izvestia; He performed as an essayist, a prose (collection of stories "Out of the truce", 1937; Roman "What a person needs", 1937), the poet (a collection of verses "loyalty", 1941).
On December 24, 1937, he arrived for two weeks from Spain to Moscow, on December 29 spoke at the writer congress in Tbilisi.
In the next arrival from Spain, he was selected foreign passport, which was restored in April 1938 after two Ehrenburg appeals to Stalin, and at the beginning of May he returned to Barcelona.
After defeat, the Republicans returned to Paris. After the German occupation, France was hidden in the Soviet embassy.
Military period of creativity
In 1940, he returned to the USSR, where he wrote and published the Roman "Fall of Paris" (1941) on the political, moral and historical causes of the defeat of France by Germany in World War II.
During the Great Patriotic War He was a correspondent of the newspaper "Red Star", wrote for other newspapers and for Sovinformbüro. It was famous for propaganda antinec articles and works, which was written during the war about 1500. A significant part of these articles that constantly published in the newspapers "True", Izvestia, the "Red Star", are collected in the Trudomnik of the Journalism "War" (1942-1944). In 1942, he entered the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee and Vyoul active activities The collection and promulgation of materials about the Holocaust, which, together with the writer Vasily Grossman, were collected in the "Black Book".
Ilya Ehrenburg and Konstantin Simonov belongs to the authorship of the slogan "Kill German!" (I first sounded in the poem K. M. Simonov "Kill him!"), which was widely used in posters and - as a header - leaflets with quotes from Ehrenburg article "Kill!" (Published July 24, 1942). To maintain the efficiency of the slogan in Soviet newspapers of that time, special headings were created (one of the typical names "Did you kill the Germans today?") In which letters reported by the Soviet fighters on the number of people killed and their destruction were published. Adolf Hitler personally ordered to catch and hang Ehrenburg, declaring him in January 1945 by the worst enemy of Germany. Nazi propaganda gave Ehrenburg nickname "Home Jew Stalin".
Ilya Ehrenburg hatred sermons who have already brought their first fruits in the East, Morgentau plan, that is, the plan of the intended territorial "castration" of Germany and the requirement unconditional surrender All sorts of attempts for the Germans somehow agree and attached resistance to a very acute and fierce character not only in Europe, but in the whole world. The vast majority of Germans did not see for themselves another exit, except for the struggle. Even the explicit opponents of the Nazi regime became now desperate defenders of their homeland.
Walter Ludde Nerata. End in German Earth
In the days when the Red Army crossed state border Germany, in the Soviet tops of action on the territory of Germany, they were interpreted as the fulfillment of the liberation mission of the Red Army - the liberator of Europe and the actual German people from Nazism. And because after the Ehrenburg article "Enough!" On April 11, 1945, published in the "Red Star" on April 11, 1945, a response article appeared on the head of the propaganda management and agitation of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b). F. Alexandrova "Comrade Erenburg simplifies" (Pravda newspaper) .
Post-war creativity
After the war, released the dilogy - the novels of the "storm" (1946-1947) and the "ninth shaft" (1950). One of the leaders of the movement of fighters for the world.In 1948, Hollywood releases the film "The Iron Curtain", about the shooter of the Chub I. S. Guzenko and Soviet espionage. On February 21 of the same year, Ehredburg in the "Culture and Life" newspaper publishes the article "Film-windows", written on the task of Minister of Cinematography I. G. Bolshakova.
The position of Ehrenburg among the Soviet writers was peculiar: on the one hand, he received material goods, often drove abroad, on the other - was under the control of the special services and often even received a reprimand. The same dual was the attitude of the authorities to Ehrenburg in Epoch N. S. Khrushcheva and L. I. Brezhnev.
After the death of Stalin, he wrote the story "Thaw" (1954), which was printed in the May issue of the magazine "Banner" and gave the name of a whole epoch of Soviet history. In 1958, "French notebooks" - an essay about French literature, painting and translations from J. Du Belle. The author of memoirs "People, years, life", which used in the 1960s - 1970s is very popular in the Soviet intelligentsia environment. Ehrenburg introduced the young generation with a lot of "forgotten" names, contributed to publications as forgotten (M. I. Tsvevaeva, O. E. Mandelshtam, I. E. Babel) and young authors (B. A. Slutsky, S. P. Goodzenko). Propaganda new Western art (P. Cesann, O. Renoir, E. Mane, P. Picasso).
In March 1966, he signed a letter to the thirteen figures of Soviet science, literature and art in the Presidium of the CPSU Central Committee against Rehabilitation I. V. Stalin.
Died after a long sickness from an extensive myocardial infarction on August 31, 1967. About 15,000 people came to say goodbye to the writer.
He was buried in Moscow at the Novodevichy Cemetery (plot number 7).
Works
The collected works by Ilya Ehrenburg in five volumes was published in 1951-1954 by the publishing house " Fiction».The next meeting, more complete, in nine volumes, was issued by the same publishing house in 1962-1967.
In 1990-2000, the Publishing House "Artistic Literature" was published an anniversary collection of works in eight volumes.
Awards and Prize
Stalin's first degree premium (1942) - for the Roman "Drop Paris" (1941)Stalin's first degree premium (1948) - for the Roman "Storm" (1947)
The International Stalinist Prize "For Strengthening Peaces between Nations" (1952) is the first of all two laureates and Soviet citizens
Two Order of Lenin (April 30, 1944, 1961)
Order of Labor Red Banner
Order of the Red Star (1937)
Legion of Honor
Medals
Membership in organizations
Vice-President of the WMD since 1950.
Deputy Sun of the USSR since 1950 from Daugavpils, Latvian USSR.
A family
First wife (1910-1913) - Translator Katerina (Catherine) Ottn Schmidt (1889-1977, in the second marriage of Sorokina).Their daughter is the translator of French literature Irina Ilinichna Ehrenburg (1911-1997), was married to the writer Boris Matveyevich Lapin (1905-1941). After the tragic death of her husband launched and raised the girl:
He brought the Girl Fanya from the war, in front of which in Vinnitsa, the Germans shot parents and sisters. The older brothers served in the Polish army. Fanya managed to hide some old man, but since it was associated with a big risk, he told her: "Run, looking for partisans." And Fanya ran.
This girl Ehrenburg is brought to Moscow precisely in the hope of distracting Irina from grief. And she overshadowed fan. At first everything was quite difficult, as the girl spoke poorly in Russian. I was expressed on some kind of monstrous mixture of languages. But then the Russian quickly took possession and even became an excellent.
Irina with fans lived in Lavrushinsky; There was also a poet Stepan Schitchev with his son Viktor. With Viktor Fanya met in the writer pioneerland; The semi-independent romance continued in Moscow and ended with a marriage. Mom went to the philfack in Moscow State University, but quickly realized that it was not her, and, enrolling in medical, became a doctor. The marriage lasted for a short time - three years. But I still managed to be born.
The second wife (since 1919) is the artist Lyubov Mikhailovna Kozintseva (1899-1970), Sister of Filmorezhissor Grigory Mikhailovich Kozintseva, student Alexandra Exter, Robert Falka, Alexander Rodchenko. I, I. G. Ehrenburg, cousin nephew.
Cousin - artist and journalist, Civil War Participant Ilya Lazarevich Ehrenburg (1887-1920), son of the Kharkiv Zerkotovna Lazarus Hershovich (Grigorievich) of Ehrenburg, Chemist, graduate of the University of Kharkiv (1882); With a cousin and his wife, Maria Mikhailovna Spouse, Ehrenburg were friendly during the first emigration to Paris.
The cousin is a collector, an artist and teacher Natalia Lazarevna Ehrenburg (in the marriage of Erenburg Mannati, Fr. Nathalie Ehrenbourg-Mannati; 1884-1979).
Cousins \u200b\u200band sisters (mothers) - Gynecologist Rosa Grigorievna Lurie and dermatovenerologist Alexander Grigorievich Lurie (1868-1954), Professor and Head of the Department of Dermatovenerology Kiev Institute Improvements of doctors (1919-1949).
Mother brother - Georgy Borisovich Ehrenburg (1902-1967), Orientalist-pool.
Famous phrase
I. Ehrenburg belong famous words: "See Paris and die."Ilya Grigorievich Ehrenburg. 14 (26) of January 1891 was born in Kiev - died on August 31, 1967 in Moscow. Russian soviet poet, Writer, publicist, journalist, translator from French and Spanish, public figure, photographer.
Ilya Erenburg was born 14 (26 in a new style) January 1891 in Kiev in a Jewish family.
Father - Gersh Herschanovich (Gersh Hermanovich, Grigory Grigorievich) Ehrenburg (1852-1921), served as an engineer, was a merchant of the Second Guild (subsequently the first guild).
Mother - Khan Berkovna (Anna Borisovna) Ehrenburg (nee Arinstein) (1857-1918), housewife.
He was a fourth child in the family.
Senior Sisters - Maria (1881-1940), Evgenia (1883-1965), Isabella (1886-1965).
A cousin - Ilya Lazarevich Ehrenburg (1887-1920), an artist and a journalist, a participant in the civil war.
The cousin is Natalia Lazarevna Ehrenburg (in the marriage of Erenburg-Mannati) (1884-1979), collector, artist and teacher.
Mother cousins \u200b\u200band sister (by the mother) - a gynecologist Rosa Grigorievna Lurie and a dermatovenerologist Alexander Grigorievich Lurie (1868-1954), Professor and Head of the Department of Dermatovenerology of the Kiev Institute of Doctors Improvement (1919-1949).
Mother brother - Georgy Borisovich Ehrenburg (1902-1967), Orientalist-pool.
His parents got married in Kiev on June 9, 1877, then lived in Kharkov, where three daughters were born, and returned to Kiev only before the birth of the Son. The family lived in the grandfather of his father from the Father - the merchant of the Second Guild of Gregory (Gershon) Ilyich Ehrenburg - in the house of Natalia Sparks at Street Institution No. 22.
In 1895, the family moved to Moscow, where the Father received the director of the Joint-Stock Company of the Humovnic Beer-Medical Plant. We lived on Ostozhenka, in the house of the Warvarian society in Savelovsky Lane, apartment 81.
Since 1901, together with studied in the 1st Moscow gymnasium, where from the third grade I studied badly and was left in the fourth for the second year. He left the gymnasium being a fifth grade student in 1906.
After the events of 1905, participated in the work of the revolutionary organization of social democrats, but did not enter into the RSDLP itself. In 1907, he was elected to the editorial board of the printed authority of the Social Democratic Union of Middle Educational Institutions of Moscow.
In January 1908, he was arrested, six months spent in prisons and released before the court, but in December emigrated to France, there lived there for more than 8 years. Gradually departed from political activities.
In Paris, he was engaged in literary activities, rotated in the circle of modernist artists. The first poem "I went to you" was printed in the journal "Northern Dawns" on January 8, 1910, released the collections "Poems" (1910), "I live" (1911), "Dandelions" (1912), "Weekdays" (1913 ), "Poems about the eve" (1916), the book of transfers F. Viyon (1913), several numbers of magazines "Helios" and "Evening" (1914). In 1914-1917, he was a correspondent of Russian newspapers "Morning Russia" and "Exchange Vedomosti" on the Western Front.
In the summer of 1917, returned to Russia. In the fall of 1918, he moved to Kiev, where he looked at his cousin - a doctor-dermatovenerologist of the local Jewish hospital Alexander Grigorievich Lurier on Vladimirskaya Street, 40.
From December 1919 to September 1920, along with his wife, he lived in Koktebel,, then from Feodosia Barges crossed in Tiflis, where Soviet passports, and brothers, the Soviet passports, with whom in October 1920, went to the train from the 1920s in October 1920 Vladikavkaz to Moscow.
At the end of October 1920, Ehrenburg was arrested by the HCC and was released by the intervention of N. I. Bukharin.
Having a negatively perceiving the victory of the Bolsheviks (as evidenced by his collection of poems "Prayer about Russia" of 1918 and journalism in the newspaper "Kiev Life"), in March 1921, Ehrenburg went abroad again.
Being expelled from France, spent some time in Belgium and arrived in Berlin in November.
In 1921-1924, he lived in Berlin, where she released about two dozen books, collaborated in the "New Russian Book", together with L. M. Lisitsky published a constructivist magazine "The item".
In 1922, he published the philosophical and satirical novel "The extraordinary adventures of Julio Khurenito and his students", in which the interesting mosaic picture of Europe and Russia's life of the First World War and Revolution is given, but the main thing is to see the prochests amazing in its accuracy.
Ilya Ehrenburg - "Julio Khurenito"
Ilya Erenburg was a propagandist of avant-garde art. He was close to the left circles of French society, actively collaborated with the Soviet seal - from 1923 he worked as a correspondent of Izvestia. His name and talent of the publicist were widely used by Soviet propaganda to create an attractive image of the Soviet Union abroad. I drove a lot in Europe (Germany - 1927, 1928, 1930, 1931; Turkey, Greece - 1926; Spain - 1926; Poland - 1928; Czechoslovakia - 1927, 1928, 1931, 1934; Sweden, Norway - 1929; Denmark - 1929, 1933 ; England - 1930; Switzerland - 1931; Romania, Yugoslavia, Italy - 1934).
In the summer and in the fall of 1932, he traveled through the USSR, was on the construction of the Moscow-Donbass highway, in Kuznetske, Sverdlovsk, Novosibirsk, Tomsk, the result of which was the novel "Day of the second" (1934), condemned by critics.
In 1934, at the first congress of Soviet writers, on July 16-18, 1934, in order to find the master of Mandelstam, visited Voronezh in the link of Osip.
Since 1931, the tone of its journalistic and artistic works is becoming more and more provetical, with faith in the "bright future of a new person." In 1933, the Izogiz publisher was released by the Ehrenburg Photo Album "My Paris" in the desired lisitsky cartoning and dust pack.
Ilya Ehrenburg owns famous words: "See Paris and die".
After the arrival of Hitler to power becomes the largest master of anti-Nazi propaganda. During the Civil War in Spain, 1936-1939, Ehrenburg was the Military Correspondent of Izvestia. He performed as an essayist, a prose (collection of stories "Out of the truce", 1937; Roman "What a person needs", 1937), the poet (a collection of verses "loyalty", 1941).
On December 24, 1937, he arrived for two weeks from Spain to Moscow, on December 29 spoke at the writer congress in Tbilisi. In the next arrival from Spain, he was selected foreign passport, which was restored in April 1938 after two Ehrenburg's appeals, and in early May he returned to Barcelona. After defeat, the Republicans returned to Paris.
After the German occupation, France was hidden in the Soviet embassy.
In 1940, he returned to the USSR, where he wrote and published the Roman "Fall of Paris" (1941) on the political, moral and historical causes of the defeat of France by Germany in World War II.
From the first day of the Great Patriotic War began to actively resist the enemy on the propaganda front. He himself recalled on June 22, 1941: "For me, I came to" work ", in the" Red Star ", on the radio. I wrote the first military article. They called from Poura, asked to go on Monday at eight o'clock in the morning, asked: "You have military rank? " I answered that there is no title, but there is a vocation: I will go where it will be sent, I will do what they will order. "
During the Great Patriotic War, the newspaper "Red Star" was a correspondent, wrote for other newspapers and for Sovinformbüro. It was famous for propaganda antinec articles and works, which was written during the war about 1500. A significant part of these articles that constantly published in the newspapers "True", Izvestia, the "Red Star", are collected in the Trudomnik of the Journalism "War" (1942-1944).
In 1942, he entered the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee and carried out active activities to collect and promulgate materials about the Holocaust, which, together with the writer Vasily Grossman, were collected in the "Black Book".
Ilya Ehrenburg and Konstantina Simonov belongs to the authorship of the slogan "Kill the German!" (I first sounded in the poem K. M. Simonov "Kill him!"), which was widely used in posters and - as a header - leaflets with quotes from Ehrenburg article "Kill!" (Published July 24, 1942).
To maintain the efficiency of the slogan in Soviet newspapers of that time, special headings were created (one of the typical names "Did you kill the Germans today?") In which letters reported by the Soviet fighters on the number of people killed and their destruction were published.
Adolf Hitler personally ordered to catch and hang Ehrenburg, declaring him in January 1945 by the worst enemy of Germany. Nazi propaganda gave Ehrenburg nickname "Home Jew Stalin".
Ilya Ehrenburg. Kill!
"Here are passages from three letters found on the killed Germans:
Managing Reanard writes lieutenant Otto von Shirac:
"The French from us were taken to the plant. I chose six Russians from the Minsk district. They are much hardy than the French. Only one of them died, the rest continued to work in the field and on the farm. The contents are worthless and we should not suffer from the fact that these are. Beasts whose children can be killing our soldiers eat German bread. Yesterday I subjected to a light execution of two Russians, who secretly filled the removed milk, intended for pork modules ... "
Mateas Dimlich writes to his brother Efreitor Heinrich Tsimlich:
"In Leiden there is a camp for the Russians, there you can see them. They are not afraid of arms, but we speak with them a good lash ..."
Someone Otto Essman writes Lieutenant Helmut Waigand:
"We have prisoner Russians here. These types devour the rainworms on the airfield site, they are thrown on a messenger bucket. I saw how they ate weed grass. And think that these are ..."
Slave owners, they want to turn our people into slaves. They export Russian to themselves, they are doing, they bring them hunger to madness, before dying, people eat grass, worms, and a fucked German with a rotten cigar in the teeth philosophists: "Is it people? .."
We know everything. We remember everything. We understood: the Germans are not people. From now on, the word "German" for us is the worst curse. From now on, the word "German" discharges a gun. Let's not talk. We will not be indignant. We will kill. If you did not kill at least one German per day, your day disappeared. If you think that you will kill your neighbor for you, you did not understand the threat. If you do not kill the German, the German will kill you. He will take your time and will torment them in his pile of Germany. If you can't kill the German bullet, kill the German bayonet. If you are calm if you are waiting for the battle, kill the German to fight. If you leave the German to live, the German will hang a Russian man and disgrace a Russian woman. If you killed one German, kill another - there is nothing more fun of German corpses for us. Do not count the days. Do not count the mile. Consider one thing: the Germans killed to you. Kill the German! - It asks the old woman. Kill the German! - It prays you a child. Kill the German! - It shouts native land. Do not flush. Do not miss. Kill! "
In the days when the Red Army passed the state border of Germany, in the Soviet tops of the action on the territory of Germany they were interpreted as the fulfillment of the liberation mission of the Red Army - the liberator of Europe and the actual German people from Nazism. And because after the Ehrenburg article "Enough!" On April 11, 1945, published in the "Red Star" on April 11, 1945, a response article appeared on the head of the propaganda management and agitation of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b). F. Alexandrova "Comrade Erenburg simplifies" (Pravda newspaper) .
After the war, released the dilogy - the novels of the "storm" (1946-1947) and the "ninth shaft" (1950).
In 1948, Hollywood releases the film "The Iron Curtain", about the shooter of the Chub I. S. Guzenko and Soviet espionage. On February 21 of the same year, Ehredburg in the "Culture and Life" newspaper publishes the article "Film-windows", written on the task of Minister of Cinematography I. G. Bolshakova.
It was one of the leaders of the movement of fighters for peace.
The position of Ehrenburg among the Soviet writers was peculiar: on the one hand, he received material goods, often drove abroad, on the other - was under the control of the special services and often even received a reprimand. The same dual was the attitude of the authorities to Ehrenburg in Epoch N. S. Khrushcheva and L. I. Brezhnev.
After the death of Stalin, he wrote the story "Thaw" (1954), which was printed in the May issue of the magazine "Banner" and gave the name of a whole epoch of Soviet history.
In 1958, "French notebooks" - an essay about French literature, painting and translations from J. Du Belle. The author of memoirs "People, years, life", which used in the 1960s - 1970s is very popular in the Soviet intelligentsia environment. Ehrenburg introduced the young generation with a lot of "forgotten" names, contributed to publications as forgotten (M. I. Tsvevaeva, O. E. Mandelshtam, I. E. Babel) and young authors (B. A. Slutsky, S. P. Goodzenko).
Propaganda new Western art (P. Cesann, O. Renoir, E. Mane, P. Picasso).
In March 1966 he signed a letter to the thirteen figures of Soviet science, literature and art in the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU against the rehabilitation I.V. Stalin.
About 15,000 people came to say goodbye. He was buried in Moscow at the Novodevichy Cemetery (plot number 7).
Personal life Ilya Ehrenburg:
Twice was married.
The first wife - Katerina (Catherine) Ottan Schmidt (1889-1977, in the second marriage of Sorokina), translator. They were married in 1910-1913.
The daughter of Irina Ilinburg (1911-1997) was born in the pair (1911-1997), the translator of French literature, she was married to the writer Boris Matveyevich Lapina (1905-1941). After the tragic death of her husband launched and raised the girl Faly, which Ilya Erenburg brought from the front. In front of the faces in Vinnitsa, the Germans shot parents and sisters, her senior brothers served in the Polish army. Fanya managed to hide some old man, but since it was associated with a big risk, he told her: "Run, looking for partisans." This girl Ehrenburg is brought to Moscow precisely in the hope of distracting Irina from grief. And she overshadowed fan.
Second Wife - Lyubov Mikhailovna Kozintseva (1899-1970), artist, sister of film director Grigory Mikhailovich Korintseva, student Alexandra Exter, Robert Falka, Alexander Rodchenko, she accounted for Ehrenburg with a cousin's nephew. Married in August 1919.
Love Korintseva - the second wife Ilya Ehrenburg
Ilya Ehrenburg filmography:
1945 - Yugoslavia (documentary) - Writer
1965 - Martiros Sarian (documentary) - Writer
1976 - Ilya Erenburg (documentary)
Bibliography Ilya Ehrenburg:
1910 - Poems
1911 - I live
1912 - Dandelions
1913 - weekdays: poems
1914 - Children's
1916 - The story about the life of some fellow and on the prophetic signs of the revealed
1916 - Verses about the eve
1917 - About the veins of Drozda Seeds: Prayer
1918 - Prayer about Russia
1919 - Fire
1919 - in the stars
1920 - Lick War
1921 - Canow
1921 - thoughtful
1921 - Intracted Stories
1922 - Foreign meditation
1922 - About me
1922 - Portraits of Russian poets
1922 - devastating love
1922 - Golden Heart: Mystery; Wind: tragedy
1922 - extraordinary adventures of Julio Khurenito
1922 - but still she spins
1922 - Six lung ends
1922 - Life and death of Nikolai Kurbova
1923 - Thirteen Tubes
1923 - animal heat
1923 - Trust "D. E. " The history of the death of Europe
1924 - Love Zhanna her
1924 - Tube
1925 - Bubnov Valet and Company
1925 - Rvach
1926 - Summer 1925
1926 - Conditional suffering Frequent cafe
1926 - Three Tubes Stories
1926 - Black Cross
1926 - Story
1927 - in flow alley
1927 - materialization of fiction
1927-1929 - Collected Works in 10 volumes
1928 - White Coal or Tears Verter
1928 - Stormy Life Lasika Roytshwanza
1928 - Story
1928 - Communar Tube
1928 - conspiracy of equal
1929 - 10 hp Chronicle of our Time
1930 - Visa of Time
1931 - Dream Factory
1931 - England
1931 - Single Front
1931 - We and they (together with O. Savich)
1932 - Spain
1933 - Day second
1933 - our urgent bread
1933 - My Paris
1933 - Moscow does not believe in tears
1934 - Lucky Interchange
1934 - Civil War in Austria
1935 - not translating breathing
1935 - Chronicle of our Days
1936 - Four Tubes
1936 - Night borders
1936 - book for adults
1937 - out of the truce
1937 - what a person needs
1938 - Spanish challenge
1941 - loyalty: (Spain. Paris): Poems
1941 - Captive Paris
1941 - Gangsters
1941 - Mad Wolves
1941 - cannibals. Path to Germany (in 2 books)
1942 - Drop Paris
1942 - fierce
1942 - fire on the enemy
1942 - Caucasus
1942 - Sunflower
1942 - References fascist Germany: Adolf Gitler
1942 - For life!
1942 - Vasilisk
1942-1944 - War (in 3 volumes)
1943 - Freedom
1943 - German
1943 - Leningrad
1943 - " New order"In Kursk
1943 - Poems about the war
1946 - Tree: Poems: 1938-1945
1946 - Europe roads
1947 - Storm
1947 - in America
1948 - Leo on Square
1950 - Ninth Val
1952-1954 - Collected Works in 5 volumes
1952 - For the world!
1954 - Thaw
1956 - Conscience of Peoples
1958 - French notebook
1959 - Poems: 1938-1958
1960 - India, Greece, Japan
1960 - Re-reading Chekhov
1961-1967 - People, years, life - (books 1-6)
1962-1967 - Collected Works in 9 volumes
1969 - Shadow of Trees
1974 - the chronicle of courage. Publicistic articles of military years
1990-2000 - Collected Works in 8 volumes (to the 100th anniversary of the birth)
1996 - in the death hour. Articles 1918-1919
2004 - let me look back. Letters 1908-1930
2004 - on the cloak of history. Letters 1931-1967
2006 - I hear everything
Soviet literature
Ilya Grigorievich Erenburg
Biography
Ehrenburg Ilya Grigorievich (1891-1967) was born in a Jewish family (father - engineer); Childhood spent in Kiev, studied in the 1st Moscow gymnasium, from the 6th grade was excluded for participating in a revolutionary circle. In 1908, he was arrested, released on bail and, without waiting for the court, escaped to France.
Disappointed in the ideas of Bolshevism, switched to literary classes. Made a small book "Poems" released in Paris in Paris (by definition M. Voloshin, the writings "skillful, but tasteless, with a clear bias in the direction of aesthetic blasphemy"), and then almost every year published the collections at their own account in Paris and I sent them to Russia familiar ("I live", 1911; "Dandelions", 1912; "weekdays", 1913; "Children's", 1914).
The first "real" book later considered "poems about the eve", 1916. V. Bryusov, N. Gumilev, S. Gorodetsky, drew poetry, they called a lot of responses in criticism. A. Block in 1918 The article "Russian Dandy" mentions already about "fashion on Ehrenburg".
In these years, I. Ehrenburg translated French and Spanish poetry, entered the circles of the Art Berlem of Paris (P. Picasso, A. Modigliani, M. Shagal, etc.). After February Revolution Returned to Russia, but the October coup met hostile (a collection of poems "Prayer about Russia", 1918, where the then writer's moods were reflected, was removed from Soviet libraries).
He first first in Moscow, then wandered down to the south of the country, tried to make money on the life of journalism (wrote articles and benevolent in relation to the revolution, and counter-revolutionary).
In 1921, he left the "creative business trip" to Berlin, while maintaining the Soviet passport, and most of its most significant prosaic works were created during the years of "semi-immigration" ("Unusual adventures of Julio Gurenito and his students ...", Roman "Ravach", melodrama "Love Zhanna her ", the historic novel" Conspiracy of Equal ", a collection of stories" Thirteen Tubes "and many others).
Books I. Erenburg were published simultaneously abroad, and at home. A long stay in Germany and France in such an exceptional position led to the fact that Ehrenburg was not considered to the end of "his" or in the emigrant environment or in Soviet Russia.
In 1918-1923, small poetic books of Ehrenburg continued to leave, but they didn't cause interest in criticism and readers. To writing poems I. Ehrenburg returned at the end of life (part of the poetic heritage was published posthumously,), and the contemporaries of Ehrenburg was known mainly as a bright publicist, a novelist, the author of Memoirov "People, years, life."
Ilya Grigorievich Erenburg was born in 1891 in the family of an engineer. His childhood was held in Kiev, and during his studies in the first Moscow gymnasium, it was excluded from students in the sixth grade, due to visiting a revolutionary mug.
In 1908, Ilya Ehrenburg was arrested, and after a while they released secured, but the writer did not wait for the court, was forced to leave his homeland and flee to France, in connection with political persecution.
Abroad, Ehrenburg is completely disappointed in the Bolshevik ideas and begins to write. His first book called "Poems" reached in Paris in 1910. The debut turned out to be successful, and soon the world saw several collections "I live" - \u200b\u200b1911, "Dandelions" - 1912, "weekdays" - 1913, "Children's" - 1914. The poet sent data to the publication with his acquaintances to Russia.
Book I. G. Ehrenburg "Poems about the eve" called in 1916 caused a whole surge of criticism and reviews. Alexander Blok subsequently wrote in 1918, which appeared "Fashion on Ehrenburg".
During this period, the writer engaged in translations into Russian Spanish and French poetry, and also began to appear in the circles of Paris Art Bohemia. He communicated with P. Picasso, M. Shagalom, A. Modigliani.
According to the end of the February Revolution, I. Erenburg returns to Moscow, but in his collection of poems "Prayer about Russia" published in 1918, it is negative about the October coup.
Having stayed in Russia Erenburg I.G. For a short time, in 1921 he leaves Berlin, in the so-called "creative business trip." Its the most significant works are published here: "The extraordinary adventures of Julio Gurenito and his students ...", Melodrama "Love Zhanna her" and others.
The books of Ehrenburg were published as abroad and in Russia.
IN last years Life Ilya Erenburg returned to writing poems, some editions came to the world after his death.
Contemporaries Erenburg I.G. I remember as a publicist and a novelist. He died in August 1967.
Ilya Grigorievich Erenburg (1891-1967) was born in a Jewish family (father - engineer); Childhood spent in Kiev, studied in the 1st Moscow gymnasium, from the 6th grade was excluded for participating in a revolutionary circle. In 1908, he was arrested, released on bail and, without waiting for the court, escaped to France.
Disappointed in the ideas of Bolshevism, switched to literary classes. Made a small book "Poems" released in Paris in Paris (by definition M. Voloshin, the writings "skillful, but tasteless, with a clear bias in the direction of aesthetic blasphemy"), and then almost every year published the collections at their own account in Paris and I sent them to Russia familiar ("I live", 1911; "Dandelions", 1912; "weekdays", 1913; "Children's", 1914).
The first "real" book later considered "poems about the eve", 1916. V. Bryusov, N. Gumilev, S. Gorodetsky, drew poetry, they called a lot of responses in criticism. A. Block in 1918 The article "Russian Dandy" mentions already about "fashion on Ehrenburg".
In these years, I. Ehrenburg translated French and Spanish poetry, entered the circles of the Art Berlem of Paris (P. Picasso, A. Modigliani, M. Shagal, etc.). After the February revolution, he returned to Russia, but the October coup met hostility (a collection of poems "Prayer about Russia", 1918, where the writer's sentiment was reflected, was removed from Soviet libraries).
He first first in Moscow, then wandered down to the south of the country, tried to make money on the life of journalism (wrote articles and benevolent in relation to the revolution, and counter-revolutionary).
In 1921, he left the "creative business trip" to Berlin, while maintaining the Soviet passport, and most of its most significant prosaic works were created during the years of "semi-immigration" ("Unusual adventures of Julio Gurenito and his students ....", Roman "Ravach", Melodrama "Love Zhanna her", the historic novel "Conspiracy of Equal", a collection of stories "Thirteen Tubes" and many others).
Books I. Erenburg were published simultaneously abroad, and at home. A long stay in Germany and France in such an exceptional position led to the fact that Ehrenburg was not considered to the end of "his" or in the emigrant environment or in Soviet Russia.
In 1918-1923, small poetic books of Ehrenburg continued to leave, but they didn't cause interest in criticism and readers. To writing poems I. Ehrenburg returned at the end of life (part of the poetic heritage was published posthumously,), and the contemporaries of Ehrenburg was known mainly as a bright publicist, a novelist, the author of Memoirov "People, years, life."
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