Massacre at the Russian embassy. Diplomat: who is he, an official or a poet? Russian diplomat known as a poet

Russian diplomat writers

Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin (1744-1792)

D. I. Fonvizin

A. S. Griboyedov

K. N. Batyushkov

F. I. Tyutchev

D. V. Venevitinov

A. K. Tolstoy

In 1762 he was appointed as a translator for the Collegium of Foreign Affairs. In 1763-1769 he served as secretary to the cabinet minister I.P. Elagin. In 1769, he became secretary to the head of the Collegium of Foreign Affairs, NI Panin, with whom he was brought together by hatred of favoritism and the conviction that Russia needs "fundamental laws."
D. I. Fonvizin advocated universal education, for the gradual - as "enlightenment" - the emancipation of the peasants. His ideal political structure was an enlightened monarchy. He was known for his translations from French (the tragedies of Voltaire, philosophical treatises) and the essay book "Notes of the First Journey", which gives a vivid picture of pre-revolutionary France. The most significant work of D. I. Fonvizin - the comedy "The Minor" - had a significant impact on the development of Russian theater, on the work of Krylov, Griboyedov, Gogol, Ostrovsky.

Konstantin Nikolaevich Batyushkov (1787-1855)

His poems are characterized by the chanting of the joys of earthly life, the statement inner freedom poet, his independence from state tyranny.
In 1818-1820 KN Batyushkov was the secretary of the Russian diplomatic mission in Naples.
In 1822, Batyushkov fell ill with a hereditary mental illness, which made it impossible for his further literary and diplomatic activities.

Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov (1795-1829)

The comedy "Woe from Wit" is one of the pinnacles of Russian poetry and drama, the greatest work of Russian and world classics.
In 1817 A.S. Griboyedov entered the diplomatic service as a translator for the Foreign Affairs College. In 1818-1820 he was secretary to the Chargé d'Affaires in Tehran. In 1826 - participated in the preparation of the Turkmanchay treatise. In 1828, he was appointed minister plenipotentiary to Persia.
On January 30, 1829 A.S. Griboyedov died tragically during the defeat of the Russian diplomatic mission in Tehran. His widow ordered to knock out the inscription on the gravestone of the writer and diplomat: "Your mind and deeds are immortal in Russian memory, but why did my love survive you?"

Dmitry Ivanovich Dolgorukov (1797-1867)

Diplomat, poet and publicist.
He served as secretary in diplomatic missions in Rome (1822-1826), Madrid (1826-1830), London (1830-1831), The Hague (1831-1838), Naples (1838-1842). In 1843 he was appointed advisor to the mission in Constantinople. Since 1845 - Minister Plenipotentiary at the Tehran Court. Since 1854 - Senator.
In 1819 he was a member of the Green Lamp literary society. DI Dolgorukov's literary heritage includes travel essays, diaries, travel notes, poems.

Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev (1803-1873)

Contemporaries noted his brilliant mind, humor, talent of the interlocutor. His epigrams, witticisms and aphorisms were on everyone's lips. In 1859, the Sovremennik magazine reproduced a selection of Tyutchev's poems and published an article by N. A. Nekrasov, in which he ranked these poems among the brilliant phenomena of Russian poetry, putting Tyutchev on a par with Pushkin and Lermontov. In 1854, 92 poems by Tyutchev were published in the appendix to Sovremennik, and then, on the initiative of I. A. Turgenev, his first collection of poetry was published. Leo Tolstoy called Tyutchev "one of those unfortunate people who are immeasurably higher than the crowd among which they live, and therefore are always alone."
F. I. Tyutchev was in the diplomatic service since 1821. In 1822-1837 - secretary of the diplomatic mission in Munich. In 1837-1839 - Chargé d'Affaires to the Kingdom of Sardinia (diplomatic mission in Turin).

Dmitry Vladimirovich Venevitinov (1805-1827)

A brilliant poet, literary critic, a philosopher, was one of the organizers of the Moscow "Society of Wisdom", which aimed to study idealist philosophy and romantic aesthetics. He considered self-knowledge as the highest goal of man and humanity as a path to harmony of the world and personality. The best works D. V. Venevitinova: "Poet", "Sacrifice", "Last Poems", "To my Goddess", "Elegy", "Testament", translations from Goethe.
In 1825-1827 he was in the diplomatic service (in the Archives of the Collegium of Foreign Affairs and in the Asian Department of the Russian Foreign Ministry).

Alexey Konstantinovich Tolstoy (1817-1875)

The novel "Prince of Silver" (1862) brought him wide popularity. Although the contemporary criticism of the author did not accept this work, it soon became one of the classic books for children and youth reading. Lyric poems by A. K. Tolstoy were popular. Many of them (of the romance type) are set to music.
His ballads, epics and satirical poems enjoyed great success. Together with the brothers A. M. and V. M. Zhemchuzhnikov, A. K. Tolstoy created the beloved literary mask of Kozma Prutkov.
He created a dramatic trilogy - "The Death of Ivan the Terrible", "Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich" and "Tsar Boris", which made its author famous not only in Russia, but also in Europe.
A. K. Tolstoy was connected with the diplomatic service by work in the Archives of the Collegium of Foreign Affairs (1834-1837) and in the Russian mission in Frankfurt am Main under the German Sejm.

Nikolay Platonovich Ogarev (1813-1877)

Russian poet and publicist, known for his participation in revolutionary activities. In the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (in the Archive) he worked in 1832-1834 - before his arrest and exile.

Konstantin Nikolaevich Leontiev (1831-1891)

Philosopher, writer and publicist, author of novels, literary essays, many articles. K. N. Leontiev had a significant impact on spiritual development Russian society.
K. N. Leontiev was in the diplomatic service in 1863-1871. He began his work at the Russian Foreign Ministry as a drahoman (translator) of the consulate in Crete. In the years 1864-1867 - I. O. consul in Adrianople. In 1867 he became vice-consul in Tulcea, and in 1869 - consul in Ioannina, from April 1871 - in Thessaloniki.
After a serious illness, K. N. Leontiev leaves diplomacy and devotes himself entirely to scientific and literary creativity.

Alexander Semyonovich Ionin (1837-1900)

A well-known Russian diplomat and writer who began serving in the Foreign Ministry as a dragoman of the Russian consulate in Sarajevo in 1857.
In 1860-1864. - Consul in Ioannina, 1869-1875 - Consul in Ragusa (Dubrovnik) and Consul General there until 1878, in 1878-1883. - Minister-resident in Montenegro, 1883-1892 - Ambassador to Brazil. In 1883-1884. temporarily sent to Sofia to manage the Russian Consulate General. Participated in the establishment of diplomatic relations between Russia and Argentina (1885), Uruguay (1887), Mexico (1890). In 1897-1900 he was envoy to Switzerland.
Literary activity A.S. Ionina was very diverse. He wrote articles on literary and poetic topics, which were published, in particular, in the newspaper "The Day" by I.S.Aksakov. He penned ethnographic essays and travel notes about the Balkans, as well as two comedies. A.S. Ionin's literary talent also manifested itself in his main work "Po South America"(V. 1-4, St. Petersburg, 1892-1902), which was popular in Russia and abroad.

November 24, 1817 in St. Petersburg cavalry guard Sheremetev shot with Count Zavadovsky... This confrontation marked the beginning of the most famous quadruple duel in Russian history: after the duel of the rivals, their seconds took up the pistols - the guard cornet, future Decembrist Yakubovich and poet, writer and diplomat Alexander Griboyedov, which contributed a lot to the start of the conflict. Griboyedov got off with only an injured little finger, but a slight wound made itself felt until the end of his life and even after the death of the writer. the site tells how the quadruple duel influenced the fate of the Russian diplomat.

Didn't share the ballerina

A quadruple duel with the participation of the future Decembrist Yakubovich and the author of the comedy "Woe from Wit" became the most famous duel of this kind in Russia. As usual, the reason for the dispute was a woman - ballerina Avdotya Istomina, which drove many contemporaries crazy. Pushkin could not resist her either: the poet dedicated several lines of the poem "Eugene Onegin" to the damsel:

The bow to the magic is obedient,

A crowd of nymphs is surrounded,

Istomin stands; she,

One foot touching the floor

The other is slowly circling

And suddenly a jump, and suddenly it flies,

Flies like fluff from the mouth of Aeolus;

Now the camp will advise, then it will develop,

And it hits the leg with a quick foot. "

In 1817, the chamber-cadet Count Alexander Zavadovsky fell in love with the beauty, but Istomina gave her heart to the cavalry-guard headquarters captain Vasily Sheremetev. Once the couple had a falling out. Sheremetev did not go to Avdotya's performance, and the Russian diplomat and writer Alexander Griboyedov took advantage of this. After the end of the performance, he approached Istomina behind the scenes and invited her to tea with his friend, who at that time he lived with. Of course, this friend was Zavadovsky. The ballerina accepted Griboyedov's offer. Avdotya stayed with the chamber-cadet for two days.

Istomina was considered a beauty and enjoyed great success with men. Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org

Soon Sheremetev decided to make peace with his beloved, but then he learned about the possible betrayal of the windy ballerina, and his mood changed. The offended staff captain turned for advice to a friend, a guard cornet and future Decembrist Alexander Yakubovich. He said that there was only one way out of this situation - a duel. When Sheremetev invited Zavadovsky to shoot, a friend of the chamberlain Griboyedov said that he, in turn, was ready to accept the challenge from Yakubovich: they had known each other from university times and already then felt mutual hostility.

Two pairs of duelists

The quadruple duel was scheduled for November 24: they decided to shoot at Volkovo Pole. The first to approach the barrier were Sheremetev and Zavadovsky, who did not share the ballerina Istomin, while Yakubovich and Griboyedov acted as seconds. Historians write that Zavadovsky did not want to kill his rival, but when Sheremetev said that sooner or later he would deal with him anyway, he changed his mind. The count hit his opponent in the stomach, fatally wounding him. The continuation of the duel had to be postponed: Sheremetev needed help, and he was taken from Volkovo Pole to the hospital. Doctors could not help the victim - he died a day later.

Because of the uproar, Griboyedov and Yakubovich postponed their duel indefinitely. Immediately after the duel, Zavadovsky went abroad and no longer claimed the ballerina's hand, and the angry Alexander I sent his second to serve in a dragoon regiment in the Caucasus. Griboyedov was not punished. Moreover, he was soon offered a position as an official of the Russian mission in the United States, but he refused and instead received the post of secretary under the tsar's chargé d'affaires in Persia.

In service, Griboyedov often visited Tiflis. On one of these visits, he met with his old enemy, Yakubovich, who served in that region. It was decided to resume the duel that had broken down a year ago. She was appointed for October 23, 2018 near the ravine near the village of Kuki. Griboyedov's second was his colleague by the name of Amburger, and Yakubovich's second was diplomat Nikolai Muravyov. The author of Woe from Wit missed. It is still unclear whether he did it by accident or on purpose, not wanting to spill blood. His opponent took aim and hit Griboyedov in the little finger of his left hand. On this, the opponents parted.

Alexander Yakubovich shot Griboyedov's little finger. Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org

The injury is not was fatal, but seriously changed the life of Griboyedov. Historians believe that the duel and injury largely influenced the future writing activity of the diplomat. By the way, he finished the comedy "Woe from Wit" in Tiflis, six years later. Griboyedov had a good ear: he even wrote music and became the author of two waltzes, one of which was named after the writer's surname - "Griboyedovsky". After being wounded, in order to play the piano, the diplomat had to put on a special leather case on his left little finger, without which playing music brought great discomfort to Griboyedov.

Identified by the little finger

The fourfold duel that went down in history reminded of itself also after the death of the writer - or rather, his death. On January 30, 1829, in Tehran, 34-year-old Griboyedov was torn to pieces by a crowd of religious fanatics right in the building of the Russian embassy. Another 37 diplomats were killed with him. The body of the writer was so disfigured that it was possible to identify Griboyedov only by the little finger shot in a duel.

Decembrist Yakubovich outlived his rival by 16 years. For attempted regicide, he was sent to hard labor, and in September 1845 he died of water sickness.

Ballerina Avdotya Istomina, who changed the fates of at least four men, continued to shine on stage and enjoy success with fans. When Nicholas I ascended the throne in 1825, she stopped getting big roles. The tsar knew that the ballerina was the culprit of the quadruple duel, and disliked Istomin. Gradually the popularity of Avdotya faded away. The ballerina was able to arrange her personal life only after 40 years, having found happiness with her second husband, an actor. The family idyll did not last long: in 1848 Avdotya Istomina died of cholera at the age of 49.

Her name has survived to this day thanks to the immortal lines of Pushkin and the famous quadruple duel.

Relevance This topic is due to the fact that today there is a problem: a diplomat, who is he: a civil servant or a romantic?

Therefore, we decided to study this topic, because before us no one asked such a question. This is novelty our research.

purpose of work- to prove that a real diplomat is not only an official, but also creative person, a patriot of his homeland, able to express his civic position and feelings in poetry.

Tasks:

1. Find out the meanings of the terms "official", "diplomat", "poet-diplomat", "patriot".
2. Study the poetic anthology of employees and veterans of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs "Nasha Smolenka".
3. To study the work of poets-diplomats about Russia.
4. Find out what professional and personal qualities a diplomat should have.
5. Conduct a survey of students and teachers of the school on the topic "What do you know about poets-diplomats?"
6. Make a conclusion about the need to familiarize a wide school audience with the work of Russian poets and diplomats.

Object of study- professional and personal qualities of a diplomat.

Subject of study- the influence of the hobbies and poetic creativity of diplomats on their professional activities and personal development.

Research methods- search for information about the work of diplomats and their hobbies, analysis of poems about Russia written by diplomats, questioning students and teachers about knowledge of the work of diplomats, interviewing diplomats about their vision of professional and personal qualities diplomats.

We study at the embassy school, and I grow up in a diplomatic family, and somehow I had a natural question: who is he, the diplomat? The first thing that comes to mind is an official. We find in Ushakov's dictionary the meaning of the term "official". "An official is a civil servant," and "a diplomat is a person authorized by the government to communicate with a foreign state." ...

Representing the interests of your country in a foreign country is a very responsible business. While working abroad, the diplomat conducts negotiations and defends the interests of Russia. Such a person should undoubtedly be a patriot of his homeland.

A patriot is "a man devoted to his people, loving his fatherland, ready for sacrifices and performing feats in the name of the interests of his motherland." ...

Many Russian diplomats have hobbies in addition to their professional activities. For example, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Viktorovich Lavrov is an active football fan and plays football himself. Chopping wood, rafting, heading the Russian Mountain Slalom Federation. And Sergei Viktorovich writes poetry ... Moreover, there are quite a lot of poets-diplomats in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Once at home I saw a collection of poems by poets-diplomats at my parents, started reading, it became very interesting to me. It turns out that there is a newspaper in the Foreign Ministry called "Nasha Smolenka", there are collections of poems by poets and diplomats! Having picked up collections of poetic anthology "Our Smolenka", I plunged into the world of poetry of Russian diplomats. What do diplomats write about in their poems? It turns out that about everything that worries any person: about love, about life, about the homeland, about their parents, about childhood and school.

Why do they need it? After all, poetry is something quite far from real diplomacy. And then I learned that passion for poetry and poetry is a long tradition of representatives of the Russian diplomatic corps.

Not a single diplomatic service of the countries of the world has so many names that have entered the history of native literature and especially poetry, as Russian, starting from the 18th century. How not to recall Antioch Cantemir, Ivan Chemnitser, Denis Fonvizin, Dmitry Venevitinov, Wilhelm Kuchelbecker, Konstantin Batyushkov, Alexei K. Tolstoy, Apollo Maikov, Yakov Polonsky. And this is in addition to the “greats” - Alexander Griboyedov, Alexander Pushkin and Fyodor Tyutchev!

The classics of Russian poetry, poets-diplomats, wanted to see Russia happy. They found their purpose in honest service to her. A red thread through their poetic creativity runs the theme of love for their people, for the Motherland, for its spiritual sources, national history... In their poems, they burned with one desire - to make the Fatherland even more beautiful. Russian diplomats have always been with their people, they experienced joys, troubles, defeats and victories with them. Russian poets-diplomats are firmly convinced that there is a secret thread connecting the language of diplomacy and poetry (meaning the search for the expression of political thought through a short, capacious artistic word).

The poetic traditions of the great predecessors continue and modern poets- diplomats.

We return again to the question of the investigated topic. So who is he - a real diplomat? Official, romantic poet, a common person, with its inherent advantages and disadvantages? I received answers to my questions by reading the poems of contemporary poets and diplomats of Russia.

First, let's see what he writes in his famous poem"Ambassadorial Prikaz" Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov:

There is only one warrior in the field - it happens, and this is not new.

The diplomat himself must give the only correct answer.

He, as a poet, should only find right word,

Keeping in mind that there are no prophets in the fatherland

It turns out that, according to the author, a diplomat and a poet are creative professions. My parents told me that diplomats are worthy heirs of the traditions that raised the previous generations of Russian patriots - civil servants, poets and romantics in their essence. The great Russian poet Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev, for example, was also a poet, and not just a poet, but a very famous and respected one.

Tyutchev is held in high esteem in our Foreign Ministry,

As the oldest veteran,

Traditions dear keeper,

Patriotic beginnings.

He accomplished his spiritual feat,

But he was not blinded by the glory.

Soul, word and love

Sealed the link of times in Russia, -

this is what diplomat Leonard Usychenko writes in his poem "The Link of Times". Indeed, the connection of times is not interrupted, it continues in the work and creativity of modern diplomats.

A diplomat is a true patriot of his Fatherland, a person sincerely loving homeland:

Oh, my Rus, I love your fields,

I love meadows, swamps, woods.

Where the hubbub of birds and the free wind is harsh,

Where the sinful earth smells like honey.

These lines were written by Vladimir Masalov. The poem is called "Oh, Rus!" The poet describes his feelings for the Motherland, for its nature. Everything that surrounds him evokes unique emotions. The poet cries and rejoices with his country:

My country, how sweet it is to me with you!

Sometimes I cry that it hurts so much

Sometimes a tear involuntarily irrigates the chest,

In my soul - you are my island of happiness! ...

Viktor Posuvalyuk writes about his homeland with trepidation and tenderness. Reading these lines, it is difficult to imagine that their author is an official who methodically and clearly fulfills his official duty:

Sing you a song to me, a Russian song,

About a native land, a fair-haired braid,

About that birch, prickly spruce,

That in a dream they call me, torture me.

The poet-diplomat Mikhail Romanov writes succinctly and simply about his love for the homeland in the poem "2000":

These lakes are blue

The canopy of these forests,

Throw a glance behind the meadows -

A new day rises.

Blue skies height,

Of yellow fields of sadness

This is my life,

This is my Rus.

Poets-diplomats constantly refer to the image of the homeland as to the image of their native nature, just like Pushkin, Yesenin, Tyutchev ...

For example, Mikhail Kamynin writes:

Ah, birches, oh, aspens and acacia!

This is not a dummy at all, not scenery.

These are feelings and a mountain ash dawn

Motherland Russia, you are not more beautiful! ...

Well, what could be better than such enthusiasm for everything Russian, native! This is seen as a real Russian person, citizen, patriot. He cares with his soul for her interests, for him Russia is everything!

We can talk for a long time and in an interesting way on the topic: who is he, the diplomat? "Sovereign man", politician or romantic, with a keen sense of nature native land, the lyrics of the Russian soul? very figuratively written about this in the poem "Diplomat". Its author Igor Mikheev expressed his thought as follows:

When the automata go silent

And there is silence

Diplomats join the fight

To ensure the world in full.

Their bayonet feather is sharper.

Language serves them to

To express myself more cunning,

Without promising anything.

We are told that it is too expensive

Labor of the people of diplomats,

But they are not only gunpowder -

They will save people's lives! ...

The main thing for a diplomat, as an official, as a romantic and a poet is the person himself! His life, which has no price, because it is priceless! And the goal of any diplomat's work is to protect the interests of his homeland and its citizens!

Based on the above, we assume that a true diplomat should have such personality traits that would allow him to be creative in solving the most difficult and intricate issues. foreign policy state.

To confirm my hypothesis, I decided to interview my parents and asked them the following questions: “What professional qualities do you think a diplomat should have? " In their opinion, a diplomat should have a broad outlook, be fluent in the language of the host country, and be able to understand well the current international situation.

Another question was asked about the personal qualities of the diplomat. A real diplomat should be sociable, charming, stress-resistant, have good health, and a sense of humor. Decency and tact must be inherent in him! One cannot but agree with this! After all, all this helps the diplomat to negotiate in the interests of his state.

The personality of the diplomat combines service to the state, love for the homeland, spiritual and moral qualities of the individual.

In order to identify the level of knowledge of students and teachers high school at the Russian Embassy in Argentina, I developed and conducted a questionnaire "What do you know about poets-diplomats?"

The survey was attended by 27 students in grades 5-11 and 14 teachers.

As a result, it was found that none of the students knew the names of the diplomatic poets, 2 people suggested that diplomatic poets could write their poems about politics, or about different countries and cities. The overwhelming majority of the surveyed students (23 people) would like to listen to the poems of poets and diplomats.

As for the teachers, most of them (9 people) could name such names of poets-diplomats as Tyutchev, Gorchakov, Lavrov. The teachers suggested that poets-diplomats write their poems on the theme of their homeland, host countries, and love. If they had such an opportunity, they would agree to listen to poems written by poets-diplomats.

Based on the results of the survey, it can be concluded that the work of poets-diplomats is not known to school students, is not well-known to teachers, there is a need to hold a poetry evening to get acquainted with the poetic work of poets-diplomats and talk about diplomats who write poetry. For this, it is necessary to develop a scenario for the event.

Summing up the results of your research on the topic "Diplomat, who is he: an official or a poet?", You can do output:

a diplomat is not only a civil servant negotiating in the interests of Russia, he is also a creative person with inherent spiritual and moral qualities, which are most vividly represented in the work of poets and diplomats.

The hypothesis was confirmed, the research objectives were completed, the goal was achieved.

Further prospects for my work will be related to the preparation of an event for students in grades 5-11 and teachers on the theme "Creativity of Russian poets and diplomats."

Literature:

1. Nasha Smolenka: Poetic Anthology. - M .: M. Yu. Lermontova, 2008 .-- 536 p.
2. Nasha Smolenka: A Poetic Anthology of Employees and Veterans of the Russian Foreign Ministry. Poems - M .: West-Consulting, 2012 .-- 544 p.
3. Nasha Smolenka: newspaper public organizations Russian Foreign Ministry, 2017.
4. https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/1088530
5. https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ruwiki/87826
6. https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/922250