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A high body temperature in a child is a kind of protective reaction that makes it possible to better cope with viruses and various diseases. Parents, having discovered an elevated temperature in the baby without any accompanying symptoms, signs of a cold or other diseases, begin to panic. This is especially true for children who still cannot tell about what exactly worries them, where and how it hurts. Fever without other symptoms can appear for various reasons, but often only a doctor can establish them after a complete examination of the child.

Most parents in such a situation are in a hurry to give the baby an antipyretic agent, without trying to find out what exactly led to the increase in temperature. This behavior is incorrect, since the reaction usually indicates that the immune system is fighting inside the baby's body with the irritant that has entered.

Trying to bring down a child's fever, adults often interfere with the child's natural defenses. Therefore, it is important to correctly identify the causes and factors that led to the onset of fever.

In children under 5 years of age, body temperature is often slightly elevated for no reason, and its indicator in the range of 37-37.2 degrees is considered normal. This is due to the fact that in babies, the natural thermoregulation of the body is not yet sufficiently formed and debugged, and the way of life at this age is always very mobile.

Often, parents observe an increase in the child's temperature after active games that require considerable physical activity. But as soon as he rests a little, sitting quietly, and everything comes back to normal.

Teething in an infant, it can also cause a fever, sometimes quite severe, while there may be no other symptoms. Only a detailed examination can you see the swelling of the gums and their slight inflammation. During this period, babies may be anxious and capricious, but if there are no signs of a disease, for example, a cold, then no measures need to be taken.

Fever without other symptoms may appear during normal overheating , which often happens to infants with excessive dressing and wrapping, as well as with insufficient fluid intake, for example, if the infant does not receive additional drink, feeding on breast milk.

Due to unsteady natural heat regulation, the baby can easily overheat while in a stuffy room, in the sun, or if he is dressed too warmly (not for the weather). In this case, there are no signs of the disease, and it is enough to give the child a drink, removing excess clothes and transferring him to a cool room so that the condition of the crumbs returns to normal.

The most common cause of high fever is viral infection , for example, influenza, acute respiratory infections or ARVI. If a fever occurs, there may be no other symptoms. They tend to come on later, usually after a few hours.

After suffering ARVI, some babies in the body retain bacterial infection , in this case, subfebrile temperature can be observed for a long time, sometimes longer than a month. In order for the baby's condition to normalize, it is required to take a course of vitamin preparations with a general strengthening effect.

Stressful situations , accompanied by strong excitement and anxiety, often lead to the appearance of a high temperature against the background of a complete absence of any signs of a cold or other illness.

The condition has a neurological background and can often occur in children with congenital or early acquired neurological disorders. Such babies need constant supervision not only by a neurologist, but also by their parents, as well as the implementation of all the recommendations of specialists.

Often, a fever without any other symptoms may indicate a serious impaired renal function ... In this case, a slight rise in temperature is usually observed, on average up to 37.5 degrees, but it remains unchanged for a long time, after which sharp jumps begin to 39 degrees.

If this indicator persists for several days, and there are no signs of a disease or a cold, you should consult a doctor and undergo an examination using ultrasound diagnostics, which will eliminate the danger to the baby's health or determine its degree in the presence of a serious problem and prescribe adequate treatment. A kid in this state must be protected from any worries and worries.

The temperature may appear as a result, while after a few hours other symptoms should appear, for example, redness of the skin, rash, tissue swelling. Allergic kids, regardless of the type of allergens causing the reaction, need constant monitoring by an allergist and systematic treatment with the mandatory elimination of substances that lead to attacks.

Another reason for the onset of fever in children without accompanying symptoms may be the presence of intestinal infection ... In this case, the baby's condition will rapidly deteriorate and in a few hours will be supplemented by lethargy, apathy, general malaise and disorder in the work of the gastrointestinal tract (diarrhea or vomiting).

Conditions requiring urgent medical attention

If the baby has congenital heart defects, then the appearance of fever without other symptoms may indicate the onset of the bacterial form of endocarditis. As a rule, at the initial stage of the development of the disease, the temperature indicators are high, after which it begins to gradually decrease and is fixed at 37 degrees, but at the same time the child has tachycardia and shortness of breath.

In such a condition, it is important to make a diagnosis in a timely manner and start treatment, which means that you should not postpone going to a doctor.

Fever can also be caused by the penetration of foreign substances into the body that can cause a pyrogenic reaction. This includes the administration of certain types of vaccines, the use of which may cause fever as a side effect.

If the baby's condition has not returned to normal within a day after vaccination and the use of a single dose of an antipyretic agent, an urgent need to consult a doctor.

The use of expired medicines of any direction can cause fever in a child, which is gradually supplemented by other signs. In case of severe poisoning, the baby will need hospitalization, so it is better to call an ambulance when the first symptoms appear.

It is important to always check the expiration date of any drug before giving it to your child and to avoid drugs not manufactured in a pharmacy.

How can I help my baby? Do you need to bring down the heat?

Of course, it is possible to relieve a fever that appears without additional symptoms at home by giving the child a dose of an antipyretic drug, but such measures should be resorted to only if absolutely necessary. It is important to observe the condition of the baby and its behavior in order to determine the cause.

Often, only a qualified specialist can make the correct diagnosis after an examination. You should not risk the health of the child and try to establish your own diagnosis, as well as prescribe treatment yourself.

The appearance of fever is primarily a protective mechanism of the child's body, since at a body temperature of 38 degrees, the reproduction of most types of pathogens slows down. When the threshold of 40 degrees is reached, the reproduction of all bacteria and viruses completely stops.

It is the high temperature that allows the child's body to cope with the infection. If antibiotics are among the drugs prescribed by the doctor, then it is best to give them to the child with a fever, since in this state the effect of the drug is greatly enhanced.

Fever activates the baby's immune system, stimulates the accelerated production of antibodies to destroy the source of the problem. At the same time, the body also increases the production of interferon, which is necessary to combat many types of viruses, including pathogens of different strains of influenza.

In this state, the child's appetite usually decreases, he begins to move less, which allows the body to save a significant amount of energy and direct them to fight the disease.

If you give a child an antipyretic agent in the natural protective function of the body, a kind of failure will occur, which will lead to a sharp slowdown in the functioning of the immune system and create conditions for the reproduction of pathogens.

Of course, by reducing the fever, parents for a short time alleviate the child's condition, but all drugs have only a temporary effect and after it ends, the baby suddenly becomes worse. It is for this reason that experts strongly do not recommend bringing down the temperature in children if its indicator does not exceed 38-38.5 degrees.

An increase in body temperature is possible with various diseases in childhood... At the same time, the question of whether to shoot it down causes many conflicting opinions.

Some of the parents heard that with a fever, the body fights the disease more actively, and if the temperature is brought down, the duration of the disease will increase. Others have heard that both its increased values ​​and medications against it are very dangerous and threaten with serious health problems.

As a result, some parents are afraid to bring down the temperature even in cases where it is required, while others give the crumbs medicine even with a slight increase. Let's see what really needs to be done in these cases, as well as whether this symptom is a sign of a disease.

How to measure the temperature correctly?

Measurement in the armpits is the most accessible and simplest, therefore it is the most common.

However, there are other ways to measure:

1. In the mouth (oral temperature is determined). For measurement, a special thermometer in the form of a pacifier is usually used.
2. In the rectum (rectal temperature is determined). This method is used when the child is less than 5 months old, since children over six months will resist the procedure. The thermometer (necessarily electronic) is treated with cream and inserted into the baby's anus by about two centimeters.
3. In the groin fold. The baby is laid on its side, the tip of the thermometer is placed in the fold of the skin, after which the child's leg is held in a position pressed against the body.

It is important that the child has a separate thermometer, and before use it should be treated with alcohol or washed with soapy water.

Also, when measuring, you need to be guided by the following rules:

• In a sick child, measurements should be taken at least three times during the day.
• Do not measure the temperature if the baby is very active, crying, took a bath, wrapped up warmly, and also in case of high air temperature in the room.
• If you are measuring oral temperature, this should be done 1 hour before meals and drinks, or 1 hour after, as drinks and food will increase the values ​​in the oral cavity.

Normal values

The peculiarities of the temperature in infants are inconstancy and a rapid increase in any illness. In addition, in infants under one year old, it is normally slightly higher than in older children.

The normal temperature for a child under 12 months old is considered to be less than + 37.4 ° С, and for a child over 12 months old - less than + 37 ° С. These are indicators of temperature measurement in the armpit, as well as in the groin fold. For rectal measurements, the norm is considered to be less than + 38 ° С, and for oral measurements - less than + 37.6 ° С.

The most reliable indicators are given by the use of a mercury thermometer, and electronic thermometers have a significant error. To find out how different the indicator of an electronic and a mercury thermometer is, measure the temperature with two thermometers at once from any healthy family member.

Classification

Depending on the indicators, the temperature is called:

• Subfebrile. The indicator is up to +38 degrees. Usually, this temperature is not brought down, allowing the body to produce substances that protect it from viruses.
• Febrile. The increase is more than + 38 ° С, but less than + 39 ° С. Such a fever indicates the active struggle of the child's body with the infection, so the parents' tactics should take into account the child's condition. If it is severely worsened, antipyretic drugs are indicated, and a vigorous and calm child can not be given medicine.
• Pyretic. Indicators on the thermometer from + 39 ° С to + 41 ° С. It is certainly recommended to lower this temperature with medication, since the risk of seizures increases.
• Hyperpyretic. The most dangerous temperature is over + 41 ° С. Seeing such an indicator on the thermometer, you should immediately call an ambulance.

pros

• Allows you to quickly diagnose many diseases in early period and start timely treatment.
• With the flu virus, high fever is important for high levels of interferon, allowing you to successfully fight the infection.
• At elevated body temperatures, microorganisms stop multiplying and become less resistant to antibacterial agents.
• Fever activates the baby's immune system, increasing phagocytosis and antibody production.
• A child with a fever remains in bed, due to which his forces are completely directed towards the fight against the disease.

Minuses

• One of the complications is the appearance of seizures.
• With fever, the load on the child's heart increases, which is especially dangerous if the baby has rhythm disturbances or heart defects.
• When the temperature rises, the work of the brain suffers, as well as the liver, stomach, kidneys and other internal organs.

Stages

To start the mechanism of raising the body temperature, foreign substances are usually needed that enter the child's body - pyrogens. They can be various infectious agents, represented by unicellular, viruses, protozoa, fungi, bacteria. When injected into the body, pathogens are absorbed by white blood cells (leukocytes). At the same time, these cells begin to produce interleukins, which enter the brain with the blood.

Once they reach the center of body temperature regulation, located in the hypothalamus, these compounds change the perception of normal temperature. The baby's brain begins to determine the temperature of 36.6-37 degrees as too low. It instructs the body to produce more heat and at the same time to spasm the vessels to reduce heat transfer.

In this process, the following stages are distinguished:

1. Heat is produced in the baby's body in greater quantities, but heat transfer is not increased. The body temperature rises.
2. The release of heat is increased and a balance is established between the production of heat and its excretion from the body. The temperature decreases, but not to normal values.
3. Heat production is reduced due to the death of infectious agents and a decrease in the production of interleukins. The heat output remains high, the child sweats and the temperature returns to normal.

It should be noted that the temperature can drop either lytically (gradually) or critically (abruptly). The second option is very dangerous by vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure.

Is immunity really developed?

Numerous studies have confirmed that fever improves faster recovery in some infections. It was also found that the use of antipyretics for some time prolongs both the time of the disease itself and the period of contagion. But, since these effects do not apply to all infections occurring with a high fever, it is impossible to talk about the unequivocal benefits of fever.

Scientific research showed that the active compounds produced at high temperatures (among them interferon) in some cases help to recover faster, and in some diseases they affect their course negatively. In addition, for many children this is a very dangerous condition.

What will happen if you do not bring down the heat?

Long time high temperature was considered a factor capable of disrupting blood clotting and causing brain overheating. Therefore, they feared it and tried to reduce it in all possible ways. However, modern scientific research showed that it is not a high temperature in itself that leads to health problems, but a disease that manifests itself as such a symptom.

At the same time, doctors note that fever is a danger to children with chronic pathologies of internal organs, symptoms of dehydration, impaired physical development or illness. nervous system.

The danger of hyperthermia lies in the large expenditure of energy and nutrients to maintain a high temperature. Because of this internal organs overheat and their function is impaired.

Maximum allowable values

It is determined primarily by the age of the baby:

If you see numbers on the thermometer higher than those indicated in the table, this indicates a high probability of a serious illness, therefore it is extremely important with such temperature measurement results to urgently call a doctor.

When are antipyretics needed?

It is usually recommended to bring down the febrile temperature if the child does not tolerate this condition well, but there are situations when it is worth giving an antipyretic agent with subfebrile indicators:

• If the child is less than 2 months old.
• When a baby has diseases of the cardiovascular system.
• In the past, the child has had seizures with a high fever.
• If the child has diseases of the nervous system.
• When a child has hyperthermia caused by overheating.

Additional symptoms

Fever is rarely the only manifestation of a child's health problems. Other signs of disease are added to it.

Red throat

Redness of the throat against the background of fever is characteristic of viral and bacterial infections affecting the nasopharynx. Such symptoms often appear with angina, scarlet fever and other childhood infections. The child complains of pain when swallowing, begins to cough, refuses food.

Runny nose

The combination of high fever and runny nose most often occurs with viral infections, when viruses infect the nasal mucosa. The child may also have symptoms such as weakness, refusal to eat, difficulty breathing through the nose, lethargy, sore throat, and coughing.

Cold feet and hands

A condition when, at an elevated temperature, a child has pale skin and spasms of its vessels is called white fever. The limbs of the baby with such a fever will be cold to the touch. The child usually has chills. This condition requires immediate treatment. medical help... The child's body should be rubbed with hands, but water rubbing and other methods of physical cooling are prohibited. To relieve the spasm of the skin vessels, the doctor will recommend taking an antispasmodic, for example, No-shpu.

Convulsions

Increased body temperature can cause seizures. Because of their association with fever, these seizures are called febrile seizures. They are diagnosed in children under 6 years of age with rates above + 38 ° C, as well as in babies with pathologies of the nervous system at any numbers.

With febrile convulsions, the child's muscles begin to twitch, the legs can straighten and the arms can bend, the baby turns pale, does not react to the environment, it is possible to hold his breath and turn blue skin. It is important to immediately lay the baby on a flat surface with his head turned on its side, call an ambulance and not leave the baby for a minute.

Vomiting and diarrhea

Such symptoms against a background of fever usually indicate the development of an intestinal infection, but they can also be caused by the use of certain foods by a small child. In babies under 3 years of age, the intestines are not yet fully ripe, so those foods that are normally tolerated by older children can cause dyspepsia and fever.

In addition, the combination of fever with vomiting can signal not only gastrointestinal damage. This symptomatology is typical for meningitis and acetonemic syndrome. In children under 7 years of age, vomiting may occur at elevated body temperature and without damage to the brain or digestive system. It occurs at the peak of the temperature rise, usually once.

Abdominal pain

The appearance of complaints of pain in the abdomen against the background of fever should alert parents and cause an ambulance to be called. This is how serious illnesses that require surgery (for example, appendicitis), and kidney diseases, and diseases of the digestive tract can manifest themselves. To clarify the reason, the child will be prescribed tests and additional examinations.

No additional symptoms

The absence of other signs of the disease often occurs during teething, as well as in situations when the disease is just beginning (other symptoms appear later). Fever, as the only symptom, is often seen with kidney infections. The disease can be confirmed by urinalysis and ultrasound examination.

Causes

The increased temperature acts as a protective reaction of the child's body to the ingress of infectious agents into it, but it can also be caused by non-infectious reasons.

Diseases

Infectious diseases are a very common cause of fever:

Summer heat is difficult to endure even for adults, what can we say about kids. There are often cases when outwardly healthy child in the absence of any apparent reason, the temperature begins to rise at the height of summer. The safest thing to do in such a situation is to seek qualified help from a pediatric doctor. But sort out possible reasons still worth it.

Can a child have a fever from the heat?

Even an adult may have an elevated temperature due to the heat. And in children, such failures happen even more often. This is explained by the fact that the process of natural thermoregulation of the body in the baby is not yet fully formed. Excessive heat can provoke an increase in the child's body temperature up to an average of 37.5 degrees. But, taking into account the individual characteristics of each organism, you need to understand that quality indicators can change.

If the child's fever has exceeded 38 degrees, then excessive heat, if not, is not the only reason. After analyzing all the symptoms, the pediatrician will determine the root of the disease and prescribe treatment.

Fever or sickness?

To help understand that the cause of the ailment lies precisely in the heat, the following signs will help:

• pallor;

• weakness, lethargy;

• tiredness, drowsiness;

• dizziness;

• redness of the skin of the cheeks;

• nausea.

Severe overheating of the child can lead to heatstroke, and if the body has been in direct sunlight for some time, then this causes. With these forms of overheating, the body temperature can rise much higher.

What to do if a child has a fever due to heat

If it turns out that the mark on the thermometer has crept up in the heat, then urgent measures must be taken to help the baby:

• Give more to drink. The movement of blood in the blood vessels is provided by water. In the heat, water is lost more intensively and this can lead to the fact that the blood becomes thicker, there is a risk of blood clots and this can provoke an increased temperature. An excellent remedy for the rapid restoration of water deficiency is rehydron. If it is not there, you can make an analogue yourself by adding a teaspoon of soda and salt to a liter of water. In addition to water, it is good to water one-year-old babies with a decoction of raisins, and older children - with dried fruit compote.

• Wipe off the body with a damp cloth.

• If it's hot at home, then try to create coolness as much as possible: curtain the windows, ensure air circulation. But at the same time, physical cooling methods in the form of ice warmers, wet cold sheets, or, even worse, cold enemas are very dangerous. Such drastic measures lead to vasospasm of the skin vessels, slowing blood flow and impaired sweating.

• To prevent malaise in hot weather, it is worth changing the feeding regime for the baby. The baby needs to be breastfed more often, but little by little, because sucking is a big job for the baby's body and a slight increase in heat production is observed from it.

• For older children, it is advisable to revise the menu and diet. The food should be light and not heavy. It is recommended to reduce the intake of protein foods.

It is worth going out for a walk in the sultry summer in the cool part of the day: in the morning or in the evening. Great importance worth giving to that. Preference should be given to natural and lightweight fabrics. Also, we must not forget about the obligatory headdress for the baby. Indeed, according to statistics, children are treated with overheating much more often than with hypothermia.

An increase in temperature is one of the first signs of a huge number of diseases. We are accustomed to dealing with an increase in temperature in to a greater extent in the cool season, but an overstated temperature in a baby in summer is not such a rare occurrence. Why can a baby have a fever in the summer?

The risk of catching a cold, sore throat or pharyngitis in the summer is not much lower than at any other time of the year. In the summer, the baby's immunity will not become the highest for itself: the baby's immune system needs to be strengthened, in an unpleasant case, he runs the risk of falling ill no matter what the weather is outside.

It's pretty easy to get hypothermic in the summer.: prolonged swimming in ponds, cool drinks, ice cream, air conditioners - all this can lead to respiratory diseases, which are accompanied, among other things, by an increase in temperature. Also, in the summer, a child can actually get infected with any kind of infection, from measles to chickenpox, and no matter what kind of infection is accompanied by a high temperature.

Often kids get sick on the first day at the resort, when all the forces of the body are focused on acclimatization, and the body is no longer able to fight the virus. The risk of getting sick increases if the climate at the resort differs from that to which the child is accustomed at home. Therefore, it is better not to take small children to exotic countries.

If an overstated temperature in a baby in the summer is justified specifically by an infection, it is necessary to follow general advice: you cannot bring down the subfebrile temperature, but to bring down the highest temperature you must use only special medicines created for children.

For prevention of contagious diseases in the summer it is necessary to watch that the child does not swim for a very long time in water bodies. Do not give your child to drink ice cold drinks (only cold), see that he does not abuse ice cream. Dressing the baby is necessary for the weather: it is not very easy, and you should not wrap him up.

But an increase in temperature in a baby in the summer can be a sign of not only an infection that has struck the body due to hypothermia, but also a completely opposite problem - overheating and even thermal shock... Overheating and thermal shock in a baby can be accompanied not only by an increase in temperature, but also by reddening of the skin, profuse sweating, headache, lethargy, drowsiness, nausea, and vomiting.

In this case, it is urgent to provide the child with first aid: transfer him to the shade, remove excess clothes, give plenty of drink (if the child is conscious), wash cold water or make a cold compress. In case of loss of consciousness, it is necessary to sniff a cotton swab dipped in ammonia. And don't forget to call an ambulance!

To avoid overheating and subsequent thermal shock, it is necessary to dress the baby in light clothes made of natural fabrics, and the child also needs a headdress. You should also take water with you for a walk and often water your baby - this will help to avoid dehydration. The child should not be in the open sun during the day (from about 11 am to 5 pm), at this time it is better to play in the shade.

Same high temperature can be a sign of poisoning or a digestive infection that summer is not uniqueness: swimming in polluted reservoirs, drinking raw water or poorly washed vegetables and fruits - all this can lead to dilemmas with the gastrointestinal tract. In this case, an increase in temperature will be accompanied by abdominal pain, lethargy and weakness, watery stools, and vomiting. In this case, it is necessary to urgently call a doctor: it is rather difficult to distinguish ordinary food poisoning from an acute digestive infection. In the meantime, the doctor is on the way, provide the child with peace and plenty of drink to make up for the loss of water. Rubbing with alcohol and water can be used to lower the temperature.

So, if your baby's temperature jumped in the summer, the prerequisites may be different. If the temperature is below 38.5 degrees, you do not need to knock it down. If higher, use antipyretic drugs designed specifically for children, and strictly observe the dose. In any case, you need to call a doctor: he will definitely determine the cause of the increase in temperature in the baby and prescribe appropriate healing. But you cannot engage in self-medication.

Parents are often faced with a situation where a child has a high fever without symptoms. Many mothers are alarmed and frightened by the thermometer located beyond the 38 ° C mark. They think their baby is seriously ill. Other parents do not see anything wrong with this, since nothing else bothers the child. They may not even try to alleviate the condition of the crumbs. An increase in body temperature is not always associated with a serious illness. But this sign cannot be ignored. The child must be observed in order to assess his condition and accept the right decision... There can be several reasons for an asymptomatic rise in temperature.

Overheating baby

Overheating is a common cause of fever in an asymptomatic child. Heat transfer processes ripen in children only by the age of 7-8 years. It is regulated by perspiration, which is still imperfect in babies in the first years of life. Therefore, overheating in children is not uncommon.

A newborn can overheat even in winter if it is heavily wrapped. An older child often overheats in the sun in hot weather. An overheated baby refuses to eat, behaves restlessly, is capricious. He turns red and gets wet. Some children, on the other hand, become lethargic and fall asleep.

An older child, when overheated, suffers from thirst and dry mouth. He develops weakness, nausea and dizziness. Even loss of consciousness is possible. From overheating, the body temperature in children can rise to 40 ° C.

An overheated child should be immediately transferred to a cool place, undressed and given water. If the temperature rise was caused by overheating, this will reduce the heat within an hour.

Infectious diseases

At the initial stage, only a sharp rise in temperature can indicate infectious diseases. Other symptoms of the disease appear after 1-2 days. Sometimes on early stage they can be recognized by a doctor.

The temperature suddenly rises without other symptoms with flu, strep throat or sore throat. In this case, redness, blisters, and rashes on the back of the throat may be considered. With sore throat, abscesses and white bloom appear on the tonsils. The severe sore throat characteristic of such diseases often occurs later, against the background of a slight decrease in temperature.

During the disease, acute stomatitis affects the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. On examination, you may find sores, redness, or blisters. With stomatitis, the baby usually refuses to eat due to pain in the mouth.

If there are signs of damage to the mucous membrane of the throat or oral cavity, you need to call a doctor at home. With angina, it is necessary to immediately start taking antibiotics to prevent the development of complications. Before the arrival of the doctor, you can rinse your mouth or throat with chamomile and sage infusions, as well as a solution of furacilin. It is recommended to feed your baby with warm liquid and puree foods.

A high fever without symptoms occurs with acute otitis media. It is accompanied by ear pain. This disease is difficult to detect in a toddler who cannot speak. Children become capricious, restless, refuse to eat. Some babies may fiddle with their sore ear. You can check for pain in the ear by lightly pressing on the tragus (protrusion in the ear). If the ear hurts, the pressure will increase and the child will react immediately. Otitis media should be treated immediately. Usually, the doctor will prescribe antibiotics in the form of drops in the ears. But injections may also be needed.

Roseola is often diagnosed in children from 9 months to 2 years old. This disease often begins with a high fever without other symptoms. Sometimes the cervical, submandibular and occipital lymph nodes may enlarge. After a decrease in temperature, a characteristic rash appears. The disease goes away on its own without treatment.

Urinary tract infections are often accompanied by a high fever. Other signs are swelling of the legs and face, frequent and painful urination. But they do not always appear. The disease is confirmed after a urinalysis. If you suspect a urinary tract infection, call your doctor and start treatment immediately.

Teething

This process is often very difficult for children. Long before the appearance of a tooth, the child begins to rub his gums with his fingers and tries to gnaw everything. His salivation increases, he becomes moody, eats and sleeps poorly. In the place where the tooth will erupt, the gums swell. Over time, under the skin, the tooth itself becomes visible in the form of a white strip. Against the background of these signs, a sharp increase in body temperature may indicate a tooth eruption. In this case, it usually does not rise above 38 ° C. After the appearance of the tooth, the temperature drops.

However, during teething in children, immunity is often reduced. Therefore, the reason for the rise in temperature may be illness. This cannot be ruled out. If there is the slightest suspicion of an infection, it is necessary to call a doctor at home to examine the child.

You should not bring down the temperature below 38 ° C with antipyretic drugs. This prevents the immune system from effectively fighting the infection. A progressive disease is dangerous for the development of complications.

Do not give your child hot drinks. They can increase the fever. He needs a warm drink.

At a temperature, they do not make compresses, do not put mustard plasters and do not soar in hot water. These actions increase the overheating of the body.

For the same reason, the child should not be forcibly wrapped in a warm blanket. If you sweat heavily, wet laundry should be changed regularly.

It is not required to additionally humidify the air in the room. Excessive humidity interferes with the natural evaporation of moisture from the body, due to which the temperature is reduced.

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Help with fever and overheating in children

Fever is the reaction of the human body to the pathogenic effect of infection, viruses and other factors. When a person develops a fever, the process of thermoregulation is disrupted, and the body temperature goes over the 37 ° C mark. At high temperatures, microorganisms in the body multiply more slowly. And if the temperature rises to 38 ° C, then a more intensive production of interferons, capable of deconstructing pathogenic viruses, begins. Thus, fever is a kind of defensive reaction.

Fever in children

In children, the body temperature rises with a variety of diseases. It is this symptom that is one of the most important in a number of ailments. The fact is that fever is a protective and adaptive reaction of the body, which manifests itself as a response to the action of various pathogenic stimuli. In such situations, the body undergoes a restructuring of the thermoregulation process. Fever allows you to activate the immune defense, since at high temperatures the synthesis of interferons increases, antitelogenesis is stimulated, and lymphocytes are differentiated. At elevated temperatures, there is no rapid multiplication of viruses and microorganisms.

It should be noted that fever and an increase in body temperature during overheating are two fundamentally different phenomena. Overheating of a child can occur when the temperature rises significantly environment where it is located, if there is active muscle work, etc. If the child is overheated, then in his body there is still an installation of the thermoregulation center to normalize the temperature. At the same time, with fever, the center of thermoregulation is tuned to purposefully rebuild the body to maintain a higher temperature. Therefore, the symptoms that are observed if overheating has occurred in children may differ from the manifestations of fever.

Fever develops in a child for a variety of reasons. Most often, the temperature rises with the development of infectious diseases, in particular with ARVI. Fever, which has an infectious origin, as already indicated above, develops under the influence of bacteria, viruses, and their decay products. Fever, which is non-infectious, can manifest itself as a consequence of a variety of reasons. It can have central (with hemorrhages, injuries, brain tumors), reflex (pain with urolithiasis), psychogenic (manifestation mental disorders and emotional stress), resorptive (with the development of necrosis, with bruises, aseptic inflammation); endocrine (with hyperthyroidism) origin. In addition, such a reaction can manifest itself as a response to the intake of medications into the body.

Fever in children has a different course with the same level of hyperthermia. If heat production corresponds to heat transfer, then we can say that the child's fever proceeds relatively adequately, and he feels relatively normal. If at the same time the skin is warm, moist and pink to the touch, then in this case the so-called pink fever manifests itself. At the same time, you do not need to take funds that have an antipyretic effect. Such childhood fever stops with the end of the acute period of the underlying disease.

If there is an increased heat production, and at the same time there is an inadequate heat transfer due to circulatory disorders, then the prognosis in this case is unfavorable. In this condition, pale skin, severe chills, acrocyanosis are noted, the child's feet and palms become cold. This is how white fever manifests itself in children. In this case, urgent treatment of childhood fever with antipyretics, as well as vasodilators and antihistamines is required.

Other types of fever

Separately, rheumatic fever is defined, which is a systemic disease in which the heart is affected. Acute rheumatic fever affects children between the ages of 3 and 15.

Hemorrhagic fever is a viral disease in which toxicosis, fever, and hemorrhagic syndrome are manifested. Infection with the disease occurs during a tick bite, as well as when people come into contact with rodents and dirty objects. The symptoms of the disease are high fever, weakness, dizziness, muscle pain, subcutaneous and internal bleeding.

Another type of hemorrhagic fever is mouse fever, in which renal syndrome occurs. It is a viral disease that can be contracted by airborne dust. The name appeared due to the fact that initially the products through the consumption of which a person becomes infected are infected with the secretions of rodents. In this state, the child's body temperature rises to 40 C and above. Other symptoms of the disease are chills, vomiting, nausea, migraines, bleeding from the gums and nose. Signs of the disease disappear after 4 days, but after that the person develops renal failure. This is the most formidable symptom, as kidney damage can be fatal.

If an increase in body temperature in a patient is the only or main symptom, and it is impossible to determine the diagnosis, we are talking about a fever of unknown origin. In this state, the patient has a temperature of 38 ° C and above, and the fever is long-lasting - it lasts more than three weeks, or the body temperature periodically rises. In this case, it is necessary to conduct additional research and determine the characteristics of a person's condition, since fever of unknown origin is a diagnosis of exclusion.

Fever often occurs in a child as a consequence of vaccination. After the introduction of the vaccine, a certain amount of antibodies is produced in the baby's body. And fever is a normal reaction of the body to the active work of the immune system.

Fever medication

As a rule, parents have a question whether it makes sense to bring down an elevated temperature in a child, and in what cases it should be done. It is important to remember that the body temperature, which does not exceed 38 ° C, should not be brought down in case of infectious diseases, since in this state the child's body copes faster with the attack of viruses and microbes. Taking antipyretic drugs, according to the recommendations of doctors, is necessary in cases where the child's temperature exceeds 38.5 degrees. In this state, too much load on the organs and systems of a person is already manifested.

But regardless of what body temperature is observed in the child, antipyretic medications should not be taken in courses, several times a day, as this can complicate the diagnosis. Therefore, the dose of such a drug must be taken when the child's temperature rises to a critical level again. The basis for the treatment of fever in children, nevertheless, should always be the therapy of the underlying disease, which provoked an increase in temperature.

When choosing an antipyretic drug that can be used to treat a child, be sure to consider how safe such a drug is, as well as whether it is convenient to use it for young children.

The most effective and commonly used are analgesics-antipyretics. However, these drugs are not always safe for children. For example, there are studies that indicate that treatment with acetylsalicylic acid can cause Reye's syndrome. Also, aspirin increases the likelihood of gastrointestinal inflammation, bleeding disorders, and also has a negative effect on the body of newborn children. Therefore, aspirin is not recommended for the treatment of children under 12 years of age. Also, side effects are observed when using drugs for the treatment of children nimesulide (Nise and Nimulide), analgin.

Doctors say that paracetamol and ibuprofen are the safest drugs for treating fever in children. These funds can be used by babies from the first months of life.

As a rule, with infectious diseases, the child's temperature rises 3-4 times a day in the first two to three days of illness. Further, it happens less often. The duration of the general febrile period can sometimes last about a week if the child is sick with influenza, adenovirus, enterovirus fever.

If a child has signs of white fever, you need to call an ambulance without delay. In addition to antipyretic drugs, in this case, the child should be given drugs that have a vasodilator effect. This is no-shpa, papaverine, droperidol.

Drug-free help

If a child has a pink fever, and at the same time the body temperature does not exceed 39.0 degrees, then you can knock it down without using medication. It is imperative to provide the child with plenty of drink. It is important to keep the air temperature in the room no more than 20 degrees. The child should be dressed in light and loose clothing. Baths with water are also used, the temperature of which is two degrees lower than the body temperature of the child.

As physical methods cooling is applied wet wiping. A sick child should be opened and wiped off with water at room temperature. Also, rubbing with vodka (40% alcohol), a solution of vinegar (vinegar 9% is half diluted with water) is practiced. It must be remembered that vodka and vinegar cannot be wiped on the face area, genitals, nipples, as well as those places where there are wounds, pimples. If there are no wounds and diaper rash on the child's skin, you can do vinegar wrap. A diaper is moistened in a vinegar solution and the baby's body is wrapped in it. In this case, the child's neck should be wrapped in a dry diaper to prevent inhalation of the vinegar fumes, and the genitals and nipples should be covered with napkins. The wrapping is repeated if necessary after half an hour.

To relieve the temperature, you can also apply cold where large vessels are located - in the armpits, hollows under the collarbones, in the groin, as well as on the forehead and back of the head. It can be a wet cold compress, a cold heating pad. In this case, you need to drink liquid at room temperature. However, when applying all the methods described above, it is imperative to take care not to overcool the child.

But it should be borne in mind that with a chill in a child, cold cannot be used categorically. A sick child needs to be well covered, a hot heating pad can be applied to the feet, and the baby should only drink heated liquid.

If the child's body temperature does not exceed 38 C, and at the same time he feels relatively well, then you should limit yourself only to drinking plenty of fluids. It can be sour fruit drinks, compotes, warm water. It is advisable to limit physical activity. If in the evening the child's temperature rises sharply, it is advisable to give him antipyretic medicines.

At a temperature, you do not need to force the child to eat a lot. His menu should include liquid soups, low-fat boiled dishes. If the child falls asleep, it is not recommended to wake him up to give medicine. It is in a dream that his body most intensively fights the disease.

Overheating in a child

Severe overheating in a child can cause heatstroke, in which there is an increase in body temperature, sweating stops.

The first signs of heatstroke are high excitability, vomiting, severe headaches. Further, the body temperature rises, the skin turns pale, it becomes hot and dry to the touch. Sometimes the child may faint. With severe heatstroke, the body temperature can rise to 41-42 degrees.

In direct sunlight, a child may receive sunstroke, the signs of which are nausea, lethargy, rapid breathing, redness of the face. In this condition, the body temperature also rises. Later, the child may experience hallucinations, delirium, he may lose consciousness. If help is not provided in time, respiratory and cardiac arrest may occur.

In addition, overheating in a child can also occur due to the action of other factors that interfere with sweating. This is a prolonged stay in a warm, damp room, sleeping in a crib that is close to a heat source, out-of-season clothing, etc.

In case of overheating, first of all, it is necessary to stop the effect of heat on the child's body, moving it to the shade, or to a cooler place. The injured child must be laid in a horizontal position, cover his head with a cloth dampened with cold water. Tight clothing must be unbuttoned and the injured child undressed to the waist.

If the child remains conscious and only the initial symptoms of heatstroke occur, he should be given plenty of fluids. For this, a glucose-saline solution is used. To prepare it, you need to dissolve in one liter of water half a teaspoon of baking soda and salt and two tablespoons of sugar.

To reduce the high body temperature caused by overheating, it is necessary to wipe the baby's skin with cold water until the body temperature drops to 38.5 ºС.

It is important not to allow prolonged exposure to heat on the baby's body. Therefore, it is not recommended to walk with the child during the peak of the heat; in summer, the child needs to wear a panama hat or a hat, the clothes should be light and natural. In the heat, the child needs to be given about twice as much liquid as in common days.

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Baby's temperature?

An increase in the temperature of a child always causes a feeling of anxiety in the mother, fear for the state of the baby's health, and sometimes even serious panic. One disturbing question is knocking in my head: "What to do if the child has a fever?"

Firstly, one should not panic, an increase in temperature in a child is not always a sign of a disease. It should be remembered that the temperature of a newborn baby is always higher than that of an adult. So, if a baby has a temperature of 37 with a little, this is not at all necessarily an indicator of the disease, although, of course, you should always figure out why the child has a temperature and take appropriate measures. Consider in what cases an infant has a temperature higher than 36.6, why in some cases a child's temperature may rise and what to do then.

Temperature in a child with overheating

If the baby is healthy and there is no hint of acute respiratory infections or other diseases, then a strong temperature in a child can be caused by the following reasons:

1. Increased activity - muscle contraction leads to excretion a large number thermal energy, which the baby's body does not have time to remove.
2. Disruption of the functioning of heat transfer mechanisms. This could be due to high humidity and temperature in the house, or because the child is too warmly dressed.

In case of overheating due to hyperactivity, you should calm the baby down, reduce his physical activity, let him rest a little. You can play some quiet games with him so that the body can remove excess heat and the child's high temperature returns to normal. If he is just hot, then you should take off his excess clothes. Usually, a baby should be dressed one layer warmer than himself, then he will be comfortable and he will not get sick. You should not wrap up too much, as this can lead to the fact that the baby will overheat and his body temperature will rise. If, after the measures taken, the temperature does not decrease for a long time, then you should suspect the disease and consult a doctor.