View of the mausoleum. What is a mausoleum? Famous mausoleums of the world
The address: Russia, Moscow, Red Square
Start of construction: 1929 year
Completion of construction: 1930 year
Architect: A.V. Shchusev
Coordinates: 55 ° 45 "13.2" N 37 ° 37 "11.7" E
An object cultural heritage Russian Federation
The place where the embalmed body of V.I. Lenin, has long ceased to be just a ritual tomb. It is considered a monument to a bygone socialist era and has the status of a museum. This is one of the main attractions of Red Square, which has already been visited by over 120 million people. Many tourists, regardless of political beliefs, specially come to the center of the Russian capital to pass by the sarcophagus with the body of the communist leader.
View of the Mausoleum, Red Square, the Kremlin's Spasskaya and Senate Towers
How did the idea of building a mausoleum come about?
Leader Soviet communists died on January 21, 1924. According to the official version, the idea to save his body belonged to the workers and peasants, who sent many telegrams to the government. In them, ordinary people asked not to carry out an ordinary burial.
Lev Davidovich Trotsky opposed the preservation of the body, but he was in the Caucasus and did not have time to return to Moscow for the funeral, which was scheduled for January 27. Researchers consider the version of the "popular will" unlikely, since the idea of embalming the body of the leader was not discussed in any way in the press, and none of the "numerous" letters was ever published anywhere.
According to another assumption, the idea of preserving the body appeared because not everyone had time to say goodbye to the deceased. Delegations from different parts of Russia and from abroad came to the capital one after another, so Lenin's widow N.K. Krupskaya agreed to place the body in the crypt before the end of the farewell ceremony. However, she has repeatedly spoken out against embalming.
Whatever the real reason, the country's leadership wanted to turn Lenin's body into a "red shrine" so that it would become an object of worship and a source of communist faith. Two days after his death, the leaders of the state firmly decided to keep Ilyich's body for as long as possible. Almost immediately famous architect Alexey Viktorovich Shchusev received an order for the project of the mausoleum. And the work of embalming the deceased was entrusted to academicians Vladimir Petrovich Vorobyov and Boris Ilyich Zbarsky.
View of the Mausoleum from GUM
History of the Kremlin tomb
The tomb was planned to be located on Red Square. By that time, its site near the Kremlin wall was already a necropolis. Here lay the dead participants of the October armed uprising of 1917, and some party leaders were buried. When the Civil War was going on, the Red Army men took an oath in front of the graves, and in peacetime they held parades and demonstrations on the square.
The first mausoleum was built on the day of the official funeral - January 27. There were severe frosts, so the frozen ground had to be blown up with dynamite. The building was erected in a great hurry, and there is evidence that the last nails were driven in just before the ceremony of demolishing the body in the Funeral Hall. The tomb was never completed, and it stood in half-finished form until the spring of 1924.
The second mausoleum was also made on a wooden frame and sheathed with varnished oak. It was ready by August 1924 and served for six years. And then it was replaced by a stone mausoleum that has survived to this day.
When the Great began Patriotic War, the building of the tomb was disguised as a residential building. These precautions were necessary to preserve the monument during the Nazi air raids. In the summer of 1941, when German troops were advancing on all fronts, the body of the communist leader was evacuated to Tyumen. It was kept in the building of the Agricultural Academy, and in April 1945 it was returned to the capital.
From 1953 to 1961, Stalin's embalmed body lay next to Lenin's body. And in the 1980s, an extension with an escalator was made behind the building of the mausoleum, with the help of which the elderly leaders of the country climbed to the podium.
View of the Mausoleum from Red Square
Architectural features
The mausoleum fits perfectly into the architectural ensemble of Red Square and looks harmoniously against the background of the jagged Kremlin wall. The building has a width of 24 m and a height of 12 m. It looks like an Egyptian pyramid and is composed of five steps, built of their strong and durable reinforced concrete structures and bricks. Granite, porphyry (crimson quartzite), marble and black labradorite were used in the decoration of the tomb. And above the entrance, the name of the communist leader is written in red letters.
During parades, heavy equipment often passes through Red Square. To prevent the architectural structure from experiencing serious problems from shaking, the pit, where the reinforced concrete foundation slab is located, is covered with clean sand. The last reconstruction of the building was carried out in 2013 - the builders strengthened its foundation.
For many years, Soviet leaders and leaders of the Communist Party spoke to the people from the rostrum of the mausoleum. However, since 1996 this practice has been discontinued. Today, when mass festivals are held on Red Square, the mausoleum is fenced off with shields.
The Kremlin tomb is considered an integral part of the main square of the Russian capital. It is protected by UNESCO and listed as a World Heritage Site.
Entrance to the Mausoleum
What can be seen inside
The tomb is always quiet. Visitors walk one after another along the same route and stay in the mausoleum for about a minute. Twilight reigns inside the building.
The funeral hall, where the sarcophagus is installed, is a 10 m by 10 m square room. It is decorated in black and red and has a stepped granite ceiling. Opposite the entrance to it is placed the USSR coat of arms of the 1930 model carved out of stone. However, due to the faded lighting, it is almost impossible to see fine details.
Lenin's body rests on a dais in a bulletproof glass sarcophagus, which is framed by a granite railing. Such precautions were taken in 1973. Lenin wears a black suit, and on the left of him you can see the badge of a member of the Central executive committee USSR. The figure of the communist leader is specially illuminated so that those passing by could see the features of his face. It is in stark contrast to the dark environment and therefore appears to be like a hologram.
In addition to the Funeral Hall, there is a black columbarium room in the mausoleum, in the niches of which it was planned to preserve the ashes of other deceased. But this room was never used, and visitors are not allowed there.
Information for tourists
The mausoleum is open on Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Saturday and Sunday from 10.00 to 13.00. During the restoration work, the schedule usually changes, but this is announced in advance. You can get to the mausoleum free of charge through the checkpoint in the Nikolskaya Tower, located on the side of the Alexander Garden. Queuing usually takes about 30-40 minutes.
View of the Mausoleum from the side of the Spasskaya Tower
Bulky bags, backpacks, containers with liquids and large metal objects cannot be brought into the mausoleum. If tourists have such luggage, they deposit it in a paid storage room, which is located in the Alexander Garden, near the Kutafya Tower. Everyone who wants to get into the mausoleum must go through a metal detector.
Photos and videos cannot be taken inside the tomb. Mobile phones and gadgets are also required at the entrance. If they stayed during the visit, the security officers have the right to view the latest footage, and, as a rule, they ask visitors to delete these files. Men need to remove their hats near the sarcophagus.
It should be borne in mind that the entire area around the Moscow Kremlin and especially the Red Square are under round-the-clock surveillance by video cameras. Tourists who come here are recommended to have a passport or other identity document with them.
How to get there
The most convenient way to reach the mausoleum is to walk from the Moscow metro stations Okhotny Ryad, Ploshchad Revolyutsii, Teatralnaya, Kitay-gorod, Lubyanka, Borovitskaya, Aleksandrovsky Garden or Library named after Lenin ".
The Mausoleum of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin is a unique architectural object, a monument to the Russian avant-garde. For many years, the mausoleum was one of the symbols of the Soviet state and is now considered a classic of Soviet architecture. Also, the building is a UNESCO monument as part of the Red Square ensemble.
History of the building
The mausoleum is the oldest type of monumental structure among all peoples and in all countries. These are tombs of kings and other tribal nobility, as well as mounds of nomadic peoples and so on. All of them, for example pyramids Ancient egypt or the mausoleum of Augustus in Rome, rebuilt in the Middle Ages into the Castle of St. Angela - supermassive structures. The main difference between the Lenin Mausoleum is that it is not a gigantic structure designed to overshadow the Kremlin and clutter up Red Square, but a relatively small object tactfully inscribed in the architectural context. Perhaps no analogue can be found - all others, such as the Dimitrov mausoleum in Sofia, the Kim Il Sung mausoleum in Pyongyang, the Pantheon in Paris, the Taj Mahal, or even the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, conceived as the cenotaph of the participants in the war of 1812, dominate those squares, where they are located. The modern project of the monument to Prince Vladimir continues this tradition of domination, which was opposed by cultural figures not only in our country, but also abroad.
Mausoleum on Red Square
For the Bolsheviks, it was natural for all propagandizing Soviet power to place objects on Red Square, near the walls of the Kremlin. Beginning from 1917-1918, revolutionaries and politicians were buried near the Kremlin wall, but their graves were of little expression. Only the memorial plaque-bas-relief of the sculptor Konenkov "To the Fallen in the Struggle for Peace and Brotherhood of Nations" was of impressive size - it was installed on the Senate Tower of the Kremlin in 1918. The memorial plaque was dismantled after the construction of the mausoleum, and now it is kept in the museum-workshop of the sculptor.
The leader of the world proletariat died on January 21, 1924, and his associates decided to save the body for posterity. For this, the mausoleum was chosen as the most adequate architectural form. Lenin's mausoleum was supposed to differ from ordinary burials on the square and be more capital and representative - over the graves located nearby, guest concrete stands were subsequently created and blue spruces were planted.
Architectural projects
Alexey Viktorovich Shchusev by the time of the construction of the mausoleum was the head of the Architectural Workshop of the Moscow City Council. The architect Zholtovsky, his colleague, left the workshop management, although at first he and Shchusev occupied equal positions. Shchusev also headed the design of the first Soviet master plan "New Moscow" (1918-1923), built the Kazansky railway station - his construction was the largest in the city. Shchusev's name was well known. Alexey Viktorovich was a prominent figure in the Moscow Architectural Society - an organization not of an ideological nature, but of a purely professional one.
Therefore, in the announced competition for the creation of the project of the mausoleum, the government commission gave preference to Shchusev, although other well-known architects submitted applications, there were even amateur projects.
It is noteworthy that at one time historians of architecture broke spears on the theme of the direct authorship of the Lenin Mausoleum. Since many young and talented employees worked in Shchusev's workshop (almost all Moscow architects began their journey with this workshop, like Konstantin Melnikov, for example), one of the sketches of I.A.Frantsuz turned out to be more similar to the final version of this project ... The historian of architecture Selim Khan-Magomedov wrote about this, which caused a scandal in the professional environment. Of course, Shchusev's project is original, there is no doubt about that - today Shchusev's original sketches of the mausoleum have become available, from which it is clear how numerous his variants were, and much more similar to their European counterparts.
Initially, Shchusev completed the project of a temporary mausoleum - for everything preparatory work it took three and a half days, and it was a simple cube of wood. Shchusev himself writes about the internal structure of the building: “The layout of the mausoleum was calculated by me in such a way as to create a traffic schedule that would ensure uninterrupted passage of significant masses of visitors. When entering, visitors descended the stairs leading to the central hall with the coffin of Vladimir Ilyich, and, going around it, climbed another staircase leading to the exit. The hall was decorated with fabrics according to the drawings of the artist I. I. Nivinsky. The hall was decorated with fabric with black stripes, on the ceiling the fabric was gathered in folds towards the center, where there was an image of a hammer and sickle. "
In May 1924, the mausoleum was rebuilt into a solid oak wooden structure with metal fasteners. It was arranged as the architect described it. The architect's brother, Pavel Shchusev, spoke about the external details of the second mausoleum: "In his search for the desired shape, he used monumental types of old, nailed doors, caskets, and ancient models of buildings." To protect the mausoleum from rain and snow, the walls were covered with a copper-brown oil varnish, and the roof was covered with sheet copper.
Interior and exterior view
The third version of the structure was gradually formed in Shchusev's sketches. This is a capital building - a low stepped volume. The exterior finish is monumental - of red polished granite with strict black lines of gabbro and labradorite. According to the directives of the authorities, the mausoleum was to be built exclusively from Soviet materials: red granite was mined in Ukraine, red porphyry in Karelia. In contrast to the brutal buildings made of reinforced concrete, frankly displayed on the facades, this is a decorative and elegant structure. For all that, it is devoid of retrospective details.
The interior is distinguished by strict, large forms of geometric decor. It is noteworthy that Lenin's coffin was placed in a special triangular glass sarcophagus. It was executed by another famous architect - Konstantin Melnikov, creating a unique sarcophagus in the form of a crystal (after the war, this sarcophagus was replaced with another one).
Having no literal analogues, the mausoleum is stylistically similar to the works of Art Deco, which was developing in Europe at that time. The term itself appeared only in 1966 - first in relation to the Paris exhibition of 1925, where the stars were Robert Mallet-Stevens, Le Corbusier and Konstantin Melnikov, and is still selectively applied to Russian architecture when they talk about the first metro lines, exhibition pavilions and so on. But if you look at the mausoleum, you will see the features of European Art Deco: large squares of black and red stones outside, a conventional frieze ornament with red banners on a black background inside.
The mausoleum is not entirely symmetrical, which makes it picturesque with all the rigor of proportions. Shchusev's sketch of an even more asymmetrical form has survived - the master loved to use asymmetry in his compositions. In numerous sketches, there is even a variant with a columbarium or the motif of a five-pointed star, which is also characteristic of the Art Deco style, is played up.
Often the form of the mausoleum is associated with the Assyrian-Babylonian ziggurats, arguing this with the stepped composition of the mausoleum. But ziggurats were towers that had a higher pyramidal silhouette. In this case, Lenin's Mausoleum looks more like the Djoser pyramid in Egypt - it is also multi-stage. The idea of comparing the Shchusev mausoleum with ziggurats is untenable, but, unfortunately, popular, although the master made a peculiar shape suitable only for a building of this scale. The details of the mausoleum are large, and this emphasizes its compactness, not grandiosity.
Ideology of the place
In addition to ritual and memorial functions, the mausoleum also performed ideological tasks. The monumental buildings were supposed to contribute to propaganda: by the third version, a tribune appears in the project, on which statesmen hosted parades. Shchusev envisioned a larger number of interior rooms of the mausoleum, but the final project included only the vestibule and the funeral hall with a sarcophagus.
The Slavic philologist Moimir Grygar wrote about the connection with religious ideas characteristic of all civilizations. Back in the 1970s, he compared the attitude towards religion of Malevich and Shchusev, two pillars of the Russian avant-garde. Before the revolution, Shchusev served as the architect of the Holy Synod and was a believer.
The meaning of Grygar's article dedicated to the mausoleum is that the Bolsheviks had to replace the traditional religion with a new, communist one - for this the cult of Lenin was suitable, which later transformed into a Stalinist cult (Stalin, by the way, was also embalmed after death and was in the mausoleum).
Of course, in formal plastic terms, Lenin's Mausoleum does not look like temples. This is an innovative composition in the spirit of the achievements of the avant-garde, which Shchusev knew well, as well as history. Moreover, he worked successfully in the new style (for example, his other project is the building of the People's Commissariat for Land). But Shchusev also designed many churches, and brilliantly.
The memorial nature of the building and the Lenin sarcophagus itself refer us to religious forms. This is an Orthodox and common Christian tradition of worshiping relics, enclosing them in sarcophagi and reliquaries. In a sense, the mummies of the pharaohs are also relics. Therefore, with all the architectural innovation, the history of the Lenin Mausoleum goes back centuries.
“In the morning, at eleven o'clock, on January 23, 1924, I convened the first meeting of experts on the issue of arranging a grave for Vladimir Ilyich, it was decided to bury him on Red Square near the Kremlin wall, and to build a mausoleum over the grave.” V.D.Bonch-Bruevich.
On January 27, during the official funeral procedure at exactly 4 p.m., telegraph agencies Soviet Union said: "Stand up comrades, Ilyich is being lowered into the grave!"
Ziggurat (ziggurat, ziggurat): in the architecture of Ancient Mesopotamia, the iconic tiered tower. Ziggurats had 3-7 tiers in the form of truncated pyramids or parallelepipeds of raw brick, connected by stairs and gentle slopes - ramps (Dictionary of architectural terms).
AI Abrikosov - an indisputable authority in the field of anatomy - considered the struggle to preserve the body senseless, because pigmentation appeared on it and the process of tissue drying began. He stated then that modern science does not have methods of preserving the human body for long periods.
On March 21, 1924, after negotiations of a certain V. Zbarsky with the creator and head of the Cheka-OGPU F. Dzerzhinsky, it was decided to start embalming. Why did you decide to embalm the body of "Lenin"? The official version: streams of letters, telegrams about perpetuating the memory of the leader, requests to leave Lenin's body imperishable, preserving it for centuries. (However, no such letters were found in the archives. The letters suggested only perpetuating the memory of Lenin in grandiose structures and monuments.)
The well-known modernist architect K.S. Melnikov, who was clearly dedicated to all the intricacies of the plan, was taken for the project of the sarcophagus. BI Zbarsky to a direct question, who first came up with the idea of perpetuating the body of the leader, always answered evasively: "Spontaneously."
Professor Zbarsky "invented" the recipe for embalming in three days, although the same North Koreans, having much more advanced technologies, have been working on the conservation of Kim Il Sung for over a year. That is, apparently, someone suggested the recipe for Zbarsky again. And to prevent the recipe from drifting out of his circle, Professor Vorobyov, who helped Zbarsky, and also unwillingly learned about the secret, "accidentally" died quite soon during the operation.
Shchusev explained himself (in "Construction Gazette" No. 11 of January 21, 1940)
- he was instructed to accurately reproduce the shape of the second (wooden) Mausoleum in stone: In five years, the image of the mausoleum has become famous in all corners the globe... Therefore, the government decided not to change the architecture of the mausoleum - I was instructed to accurately reproduce it in stone. That is, in other words, who actually "designed" is shrouded in mystery.
"If individual periods are accompanied by the disintegration and withering away of body parts, then in the same way the general periods of nations are associated with the death of individual parts of the" national body. "
... the organic bodily immortality of an individual is possible only at the expense of the entire people as a whole. "
Paul Kammerer (German Paul Kammerer; August 17, 1880, Vienna, Austria - September 23, 1926, Puchberg am Schneeberg) - Austrian biologist occultist.
Krupskaya (wife of Blank-Ulyanov), when she was shown the mummy after the next parade, somehow let slip that "Vladimir Ilyich looks like he is alive." His face even turned pink as he lay in front of crowds of demonstrators.
Ziggurat- This is a ritual architectural structure, tapering upward like a multi-stage pyramid - the same one that stands on Red Square. However, a ziggurat is not a pyramid, as it always has a small temple on top.
Teraphim- this is a kind of "sworn object", "collector" of magical, parapsychic energy, which, according to magicians, envelops teraphim in layers, formed by special rites and ceremonies. These manipulations are called "the creation of the teraphim", since it is impossible to "manufacture" the teraphim.
By analogy with the manufacture of teraphim in other cults (Voodoo and some religions of the Middle East), a gold plate, apparently rhombic in shape, with magical ritual signs was most likely placed inside the embalmed head (in the mouth or instead of a removed brain). It contained all the power of the teraphim, allowing its owner to interact with any metal on which certain signs or an image of the entire teraphim were drawn in one way or another: the will of the owner of the teraphim seemed to flow through the metal into the person in contact with him: under pain of death by forcing his subjects to wear “diamonds” around their necks, the king of Babylon could control their owners to one degree or another.
It is easy to see that the hands of the mummy in the ziggurat in Red Square are folded in the form of a mudra. Despite the fact that the mummy is regularly rinsed in baths with different solutions and changed, Blank's hands are folded into the same position every time. However, this “randomness” is explainable from the point of view of interaction with subtle energies. According to the teaching, an open left hand accepts energy from the outside, and the right, clenched into a fist, closes in the body and transforms it. In the photo that we have given above, this is clearly visible.
Mausoleum with a cut edge
The profile of the Mausoleum coincides with the scheme of the simplest television antenna - these were previously installed on the roofs, and everyone had them in the house. Similar antennas are still installed on radio and TV masts. The principle of their pyramidality is simple: such ladder contours amplify the signal, each subsequent contour adds power to the radiation. Naturally, the ziggurat does not transmit radio waves like an antenna. But physicists have shown that radio waves, sound waves and waves in a liquid have a lot in common. They have one basis - the wave. Therefore, the principles of operation of all wave devices are the same, whether they are waves of sound, light or waves of some kind.
incomprehensible radiation, which today, for convenience, is called energy-informational.
Pay attention: the ceiling of the "mausoleum" is also stepped, like the outer pyramid. This is a loop in a loop that works like an amplifying transformer. Modern devices have shown that the inner corners draw in information energy from the outer space, while the outer corners emit it. That is, the ceiling of the tomb absorbs energy, the upper superstructure itself radiates (there are several dozen short outer corners-edges). What kind of energy are we talking about? See for yourself:
There is also another corner in the "mausoleum". In fact, it is not even an angle, but three angles: two are internal, which draw in energy like a bowl, and the third is external. It divides the notch in half, heading outward like a thorn. This is more than an original architectural detail, and the detail is absolutely asymmetrical - it is one such triple corner. And it is directed at the crowds marching towards the "mausoleum".
These strange triple angles are called psychotronic devices today. The principle is simple: an internal corner (for example, a corner of a room) draws in some hypothetical information energy, an external corner (for example, a corner of a table) radiates.
The walls are faced with granite, which contains quartz. Quartz crystals are used in any digital device and are called quartz resonators. They are a plate with sprayed silver pads, to which the leads are welded. Quartz has the properties of a coil and a capacitor. When a voltage is applied to it, its plate changes its geometric dimensions, when the voltage is removed, it restores its shape, while a potential difference arises at the terminals. A quartz crystal is used as a particularly stable component for generating a clock signal for processors.
How does the mausoleum work?
This device requires energy to operate. It is taken either from the ground at the intersection of the Hartmann grid lines, or from an external source - people. This energy is modulated by a corpse in the mausoleum, bringing in information alien to us and is radiated from the cracks above.
In the early 20s of the last century, Paul Kremer published a number of publications in which, operating on such a purely abstract thing at that time as "genes" (they did not yet know about DNA), he deduced a whole theory about how the genes of a particular population could be influenced by hypothetical radiation erupting from dead or dying tissue.
By and large it was the theory of how to spoil the gene pool of an entire people, forcing people to stand for some time in front of a specially treated corpse or relaying the "radiation" of this corpse to the whole country. At first glance, a pure theory: some kind of "genes", some "rays", although magicians knew such a procedure well in the days of the pharaohs and was governed by the laws of asymptotic magic.
According to these laws appearance and the state of health of the pharaoh in some supernatural way was relayed to his subjects: the pharaoh was sick - the people were sick, they made the pharaoh some kind of freak and mutant - mutations and deformities began to appear in children all over Egypt.
Then people forgot this magic, or rather, people were actively helped to forget it. But time passes and people understand how the DNA system works - they understand it from the point of view of molecular biology.
And then a few more decades pass and such a science as wave genetics appears, such phenomena as DNA solitons are discovered - that is, superweak, but extremely stable acoustic and electromagnetic fields generated by the genetic apparatus of the cell. With the help of these fields, cells exchange information both with each other and with the outside world, turning on, turning off or even rearranging certain regions of chromosomes. This is scientific fact, no fiction. It remains only to compare the fact of the existence of DNA solitons and the fact of visiting a ziggurat with a mummy of TEN MILLION people, the overwhelming majority of whom are Russians.
What to do?When in ancient Rome, the pagan emperors were tired of the revolts of the Jews, they used a very specific magical methodology. In 132 AD, after the suppression of another uprising by order of the Emperor Hadrian, Jerusalem, along with the temple, was destroyed to the ground, then the area around the city was plowed with a plow in a circle. After that, on the entire designated area, pagan priests performed a rite of cleansing the area from unclean forces.
Finally, pagan temples were laid in a solemn form, and the city received a new name Elia-Capitolina. The Romans knew what to do, so we can easily use their tradition. The mausoleum must be torn down to the ground, all the components of the so-called "revolutionary necropolis" must be uprooted from Red Square, and the satanic stars must be removed from the Kremlin towers. After that, level the ground around this place and conduct a cleansing rite to drive out demons and remove corpse impurities.
What is a mausoleum? This is a special kind architectural structures, examples of which can be found today in different parts of the world. When and where was the first mausoleum built? What are the features of the structure of this type? And where are the most famous mausoleums in the world?
What is a mausoleum?
In the middle of the 4th century BC. NS. on the territory of modern Turkey, the first building of this type in history was erected. It was the mausoleum of Mausolus in Halicarnassus, the famous ruler of the Carians. The giant structure was on the list It stood until the Middle Ages and was destroyed powerful earthquake... Today, only ruins remain of the grandiose Mavsol, and once it looked quite majestic.
So what is a mausoleum? The term itself comes from the Greek word mausoleion, which, in turn, is associated with the name of the Carian king Mavsol. This is a monumental burial structure with a special chamber designed to store the remains, ashes, or the embalmed body of the deceased. One such structure may contain several burials or crypts. Mausoleums can be separate buildings or be part of
These burial structures were very popular during the time of Ancient Rome, as well as in the Middle Ages (in eastern countries). In the twentieth century, many pompous mausoleums appeared on the planet, dedicated to famous politicians and totalitarian leaders. Among them are the mausoleums of V.I. Lenin (USSR), K. Gottwald (Czechoslovakia), Mao Zedong (China), Ho Chi Minh (Vietnam), Enver Hoxha (Albania) and others.
We figured out what a mausoleum is. Now let's take a virtual tour of the most famous mausoleums in the world.
Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi
This outstanding monument of oriental architecture is located in the south of Kazakhstan, in the city of Turkestan. It was erected on the grave of the poet Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, who made a huge contribution to the spread of Islam in Central Asia. The poet died in 1166, but the construction of the current mausoleum began only two centuries after his death.
According to archival materials, the mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi was built under the leadership of Tamerlane himself. The famous commander personally determined the parameters of the future structure and even gave recommendations regarding its decor and interior decoration.
The mausoleum is a massive rectangular structure with huge portals and domes. The central door of the tomb is decorated with highly artistic wood and ivory carvings. This architectural and historical monument is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum
The fiery revolutionary Ho Chi Minh did not live to see the historical moment of the formation of a united and independent Vietnam. However, the grand opening of his mausoleum took place in 1975, when Saigon, controlled by southern troops, had already surrendered.
The architects of the grandiose construction in the city of Hanoi admitted that they were inspired to work by the Lenin Mausoleum in Moscow. This is noticeable in the similar pyramidal foundation of the Vietnamese structure. However, the upper part of the mausoleum is quite authentic. It is a massive cubic structure with rectangular columns and a three-tiered typical Vietnamese roof.
Moscow specialists helped to embalm the Vietnamese ruler. Ho Chi Minh's body lies in a small and dimly lit hall, which can only be entered by two. Talking or taking pictures in this room is strictly prohibited.
Mausoleum of Kim Il Sung
In the northeast of the most closed capital of the world rests the body of the "great leader" and "eternal president" of the DPRK, Kim Il Sung. The ruler's mausoleum is located within the magnificent Kym-Susan palace. Few foreign tourists are impressed not so much by the mausoleum in Pyongyang as by the ceremony of visiting it. Everything here is much tougher and stricter than in the same Hanoi.
All those wishing to visit the tomb of the leader must be confiscated with cameras and video cameras. Then each tourist is carefully examined and checked with a metal detector. After all these procedures, visitors are given players with headphones and taken from hall to hall.
During this tour, the sad stories of the great loss of the Korean people are heard through headphones. Finally, in the last room, illuminated by red light, is a glass sarcophagus with the embalmed body of Kim Il Sung. According to the rules, he needs to bow three times.
It is believed that the Bolsheviks were a sect that practiced mysterious occult rituals aimed at suppressing the will of people and seizing power.
What could the Bolsheviks use to achieve their goals? It is likely that the Lenin Mausoleum was used as a psychotropic weapon.
It may be difficult for people born and raised in the USSR to understand this information objectively, but facts remain facts.
Lenin's Mausoleum - the ziggurat of the "Throne of Satan"
One of the main sacred symbols of communism is Lenin's Mausoleum. Externally, the Mausoleum was erected on the principle of ancient Babylonian temples, of which the most famous is Tower of babel mentioned in the Bible. The book of the prophet Daniel, written in the 7th century BC, says: "The Babylonians had an idol named Vil". Isn't it a strange coincidence with the initials of V.I. Lenin?
The mausoleum is an exact copy of the temple of Uitzilopochtli - the main god of the Aztecs, located at the top of the Pyramid of the Moon in Teotihuacan. Uitzilopochtli, according to legend, once promised the Aztecs that he would lead them to a "blessed" place, where they would become his chosen people. This happened under the leader Tenoche: the Aztecs came to Teotiucan, massacred the Toltecs who lived there, and on top of one of the pyramids erected by the Toltecs they built the temple of Huitzilopochtli, where they thanked their tribal god with human sacrifices.
Where did the Mausoleum project come from?
The first Mausoleum, built in a week according to the project of the architect A.V. Shchusev, who had never built anything like it, was a truncated stepped pyramid, to which L-shaped extensions with stairs adjoined on both sides. Visitors descended the right staircase, walked around the sarcophagus on three sides, and exited the left staircase. Two months later, the temporary mausoleum was closed and construction began on a new wooden Mausoleum, which lasted from March to August 1924.
None of the many proposed projects of the new Mausoleum has passed. The preference was again given to Shchusev's ziggurat. The second mausoleum was a larger (height 9, length 18 meters) truncated stepped pyramid, the stairs were now included in the total volume of the building. The project of the body sarcophagus was developed by the architect K. S. Melnikov.
The third Mausoleum, which was opened in October 1930 and stands to this day, was designed by the same architect Shchusev. As the architect himself said, he was instructed to accurately reproduce the shape of the wooden Mausoleum in stone. But how did Shchusev know how to build a ziggurat? Maybe someone helped him? It is known that Shchusev was consulted by F. Poulsen, a specialist in the cultures of Mesopotamia.
It is believed that the architect Shchusev took the Pergamon Altar, or, as it is also called, the "Throne of Satan", as the basis for the project of this tombstone. Mention about him is found already in the Gospel, where Christ, addressing a man from Pergamum, said the following: "... you live where the throne of Satan is" (Rev. 2.13).
Mausoleum plan: pay attention to the cut corner.
For a long time about the "Pergamon Altar" was known mainly from legends - there was no image. When images of the so-called "Pergamon Altar" were found, it turned out that this is an exact copy of the temple for Huitzilopochtli.
The consultant who "helped" Shchusev build the ziggurat knew well how the building needed by the customer should look like without any excavation of clay tablets. Where does this knowledge come from?
The Bolshevik Party at the construction of the Mausoleum was represented by Defense Minister Voroshilov. Why not the Minister of Finance or Agriculture? It is clear that such a boss only covered the real leaders. The decision to embalm the leader was made by Felix Dzerzhinsky, the all-powerful leader of the political police. In general, it was the Department of Political Control and Investigation, and not the architectural department, that guided the construction process.
Lenin's mummy - a magic teraphim?
From the point of view of Mesopotamian mysticism, Lenin's body looks like a teraphim - a cult object specially preserved and used for occult needs. And the tomb itself for the body is clearly not a place that provides peace.
The Babylonian Chaldeans practiced the so-called "creation of the teraphim" - a magical artifact designed to give its master power over his subjects. The technology of the creation of teraphim, of course, is shrouded in mystery. But it is known that the teraphim of Vila (the main god of the Babylonians, for communication with whom the tower was built) was a specially processed head of a red-haired man, sealed in a crystal dome. Other heads were added from time to time.
Teraph head
By analogy with the manufacture of teraphim in other cults (Voodoo and some religions of the Middle East), a gold plate was most likely placed inside the embalmed head (in the mouth or instead of a removed brain), most likely in the shape of a diamond, with magical ritual signs.
It contains all the power of a teraphim, allowing its owner to interact with any metal on which certain signs or an image of the entire teraphim were drawn in one way or another. The will of the owner of the teraphim seemed to flow through the metal in the person in contact with him: under pain of death, forcing his subjects to wear “rhomboids” around their necks, the king of Babylon could control their owners to one degree or another.
The following facts speak in favor of this theory:
there is at least a cavity in the head of the mummy - for some reason, the brain is still stored at the Institute of the Brain;
the head is covered with a surface made of special glass;
the head lies in the lowest tier of the ziggurat, although it would be more logical to put it somewhere up. The basement in all places of worship is always used for contact with the creatures of the worlds of Hell;
the hands of the mummy are folded in a certain way: the left one is stretched forward, as if receiving energy, the right one is clenched into a fist;
images of the head (busts) were replicated throughout the USSR, including pioneer badges, where the head was placed in a fire, that is, captured during the classical magical procedure of communicating with the demons of Pekla;
For some reason, instead of shoulder straps, "rhombuses" were introduced in the USSR, which were then changed to "stars" - the same ones that burn on the Kremlin towers and which were used by the Babylonians in cult ceremonies of communication with Vil. "Ornaments" similar to diamonds and stars, imitating a gold plate inside the head under the tower, were also worn in Babylon - they are found in abundance during excavations;
In addition, in the magical practices of Voodoo and some religions of the Middle East, the process of "creating a teraphim" is accompanied by ritual murder - the life force of the victim had to flow into the teraphim. In some rituals, parts of the victim's body are also used, for example, the victim's head is walled up under a glass sarcophagus with a teraphim.
We cannot say that something is also immured under the head of the mummy in the ziggurat on Red Square, but there is evidence that this fact takes place: in the ziggurat lie the heads of the ritually murdered king and queen, as well as the heads of two more unknown persons. people killed in the summer of 1991 - the time of the "transfer" of power from the communists to the "democrats" (thus the teraphim were "renewed", strengthened, as it were).
The Kremlin Wall itself has also been turned into a grandiose tomb. An ancient ritual related to the Magic of Mortal Power is that people, often alive, were walled up in a wall to strengthen a castle or fortress. Such a fortress was not destroyed and the enemy could not take it, because the souls of the dead were guarding the fortress.
If you look at the diagram of the Kremlin, you can clearly see that the building of the USSR Council of Ministers is surrounded by graveyards from almost all sides: the cemetery at the Kremlin wall and the Mausoleum, the burial of the kings in the Archangel Cathedral, the tomb of the Patriarchs in the Assumption Cathedral and the tomb of the Unknown Soldier.
1- Mausoleum, 22 - Assumption Cathedral, 25 - Archangel Cathedral, 36 - Council of Ministers, 40 - Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
In the wall of Red Square are embedded: on the left side 71 urns with ashes, on the right side 44 urns with ashes. The strongest souls of Russia, not only politicians and the military, but also scientists and writers: Maxim Gorky, Kurchatov Igor Vasilievich, Korolev Sergey Pavlovich, Zhukov Georgy Konstantinovich, Dzerzhinsky Felix Edmundovich and others. Buried at the Kremlin Wall:
There are also several mass graves of the fighters of the revolution. The total number of those buried according to various sources is from 400 to 1000 people.
How is the Mausoleum arranged and how does it work?
Thousands of works have been written that leave no doubt about the special impact of this structure. It is clear and where the technique was borrowed from - from the Ancient Mesopotamia and Babylonia. The mausoleum is an exact copy of the ziggurats of Mesopotamia, with a room above, framed by columns, in which, according to the concepts of the priests of Babylon, their demonic patrons rested. Moreover, the marble for the Mausoleum was brought from Mesopotamia (modern Iraq).
It is likely that the Mausoleum is nothing more than a psychotropic weapon, a system of mass suppression of consciousness. But how does a ziggurat "work"? What are the consequences of its impact? Let's try to guess what principles are inherent in his work.
Structurally, the building is made on the basis of a reinforced concrete frame with brick filling of the walls, which are faced with polished stone. The length of the mausoleum along the facade is 24 meters, the height is 12 meters. The upper portico is shifted to the Kremlin wall. The pyramid of the mausoleum consists of five ledges of different height.
The underground part of the temple descends into Red Square to the depth of a 6-storey building. Under the tribune of the temple is a meeting and recreation room for the Bolshevik rulers. Here is a buffet with dishes and good wines, billiard room and security room.
For the functioning of laboratories and the manipulation of the corpse, a freight elevator is provided, on which the mummy is lowered to the desired floor for the production of routine, preventive and cosmetic work, then it is delivered to the working mark.
If the Mausoleum is taken out of the ground and placed on its surface, its height will be the same as a 10-storey building.
The visitor enters the Mausoleum through the main entrance and descends the left three-meter wide staircase into the funeral hall. The hall is made in the form of a cube (facet length 10 meters) with a stepped ceiling. Visitors walk around the sarcophagus from three sides along a low podium, leave the funeral hall, climb the right stairs and leave the mausoleum through a door in the right wall.
Pay attention: the ceiling of the Mausoleum is also stepped, like the outer pyramid. This is a loop in a loop that works like an amplifying transformer. Modern devices have shown that the inner corners draw in information energy from the outer space, while the outer corners emit it. That is, the ceiling of the tomb absorbs energy, and the uppermost superstructure radiates (there are several dozen short outer corners-ribs).
This device requires energy to operate. It is taken either from the ground at the intersection of the Hartmann grid lines, or from an external source - people. The location of the Mausoleum on Red Square, literally saturated with ancient forces, and the passage of a huge mass of people as visitors to the Mausoleum, as well as in demonstrations, provides a colossal flow of energy. In 1924-1989, the mausoleum was visited by over 100 million people (not counting the participants in parades and demonstrations) from all over the USSR. This energy is modulated by the mummy in the Mausoleum, and radiated from the cracks above.
Naturally, the ziggurat does not transmit radio waves like an antenna. But physicists have proven that radio waves, sound waves and waves in a liquid have a lot in common. They have one basis - a wave. Therefore, the principles of operation of all wave devices are the same, be it waves of sound, light or waves of some incomprehensible radiation, which today, for convenience, is called energy-informational.
Looking at the map in satellite mode, you can see the outlines of the contours of the electrical contacts of the resonators. On both sides of the Mausoleum there are 2 simple dipole line vibrators. It can also be assumed that these vibrators irradiate a triangular building with its top pointing strictly to the east. It is easy to see that on the right side of the Mausoleum there is a GUM with a large number of people.
If you look closely at GUM, it is easy to see that it resembles a 3-element wave channel, where the row farthest from the Mausoleum is a reflector, the middle vibrator and the nearest one is the director, directing energy to the Mausoleum. The farthest row has nothing to do with the first two.
But the oddities don't end there. There is also "another corner" in the Mausoleum. In fact, it is not even an angle, but three angles: two are internal, which draw in energy like a bowl, and the third is external. It divides the notch in half, heading outward like a thorn. This angle is clearly visible on the plan of the Throne of Satan.
This is more than an original architectural detail, and the detail is absolutely asymmetrical - it is one, such a triple corner. And it is directed at the crowds marching towards the Mausoleum. These strange triple angles are called psychotropic devices today.
The principle is simple: an internal corner (for example, a corner of a room) draws in some hypothetical information energy, an external corner (for example, a corner of a table) radiates. What kind of energy we are talking about - we cannot say. Nobody can, physical devices do not register it yet.
But organic tissue is more than sensitive to such energy, and not only organic. Everyone knows how ancient the world is to put a child who is too active in a corner. Why? Because the corner takes away excess energy if you stay there for a short time.
The effects of the pyramid are also known - rotting, mummified meat, self-sharpening blades ... And the pyramids are the same angles. The same angles are used in psychotropic devices, only there is also an operator - a person who controls the process and amplifies the power of the device many times over.
We do not know exactly how this mechanism works. Perhaps the Chaldeans-Bolsheviks did not know this either. But they were practitioners, and could simply use secret knowledge of how radio and television can be used without understanding the physics of the process.
By the way, the question is: where did Comrade Stalin stand at the military parades? That's right - he stood just above that corner with a thorn, welcoming crowds of citizens approaching the ziggurat. He was an operator. The process was apparently so important that at the top there was an idea to demolish not only St. Basil's Cathedral, but all buildings within a kilometer radius, so that the square could accommodate a million people marching in formation. For what?
In the period 1941-1946, the Mausoleum was empty. The body was taken from the capital to Tyumen at the beginning of the war, and the troops marching in front of the Mausoleum on November 7, 1941, before the battles for Moscow, passed by the empty ziggurat.
Lenin was not there! And he was not in the Mausoleum until 1948, which is more than strange: the Germans were thrown back in 1942, and the body was returned only after the war.
Perhaps Stalin or other Chaldeans, figuratively speaking, removed the "rod from the reactor." That is, having removed the teraphim, they suspended the work of the Machine. During these years they really needed Russian will and solidarity. As soon as the war ended, the "reactor" was restarted by returning the teraphim, and the victorious people wilted and went out. This change then greatly surprised many contemporaries, which is captured in many memoirs and works of art.
For people who know what magic is, the occult, mystical meaning of the building on Red Square is perfectly visible. The townsfolk, of course, do not believe in such a mysticism on a national scale. But not so long ago, electricity and television could also seem like magic, but now they are reality. Many moments associated with the ziggurat on Red Square have become reality: recent events clearly show how it works in practice.
Bloody Square. She is wearing a Ziggurat.
It has come to pass. I'm close. Well, I'm glad.
I descend into a fetid, terrible maw.
It is easy to fall on slippery steps.
Here is the stinking heart of ancient evil,
Bodies that eats souls to the ground.
A hundred-year-old beast made its nest here.
The door is wide open here for demons in Russia.
Nikolay Fedorov
Why does the Mausoleum wear out?
Now let's consider the next interesting point - the wear and tear of the Mausoleum. What is wear is shown by an analogy with an engine: if the engine is running, it wears out, it needs new parts, but if the engine is standing still, it can stand forever and nothing will happen to it.
There are no moving parts in the Mausoleum, of course, but there are also non-moving devices that wear out - batteries, accumulators, gun barrels, carpets and road surfaces, internal organs some (say the heart is moving, but the liver is not, but it still wears out). That is, everything that works, sooner or later depletes its resource and requires repair.
And now we read Mr. Shchusev, the architect of the Mausoleum, in the "Construction Gazette" No. 11 dated January 21, 1940:
"It was decided to build this third version of the Mausoleum from red, gray and black Labrador, with an upper slab of Karelian red porphyry, installed on columns of various granite rocks. The frame of the Mausoleum was built of reinforced concrete with brick filling and faced with natural granite rocks. To avoid shaking the mausoleum when heavy tanks passed during parades on Red Square, the pit, in which a reinforced concrete foundation slab was installed, and the reinforced concrete frame of the mausoleum were covered with clean sand.
Thus, the building of the mausoleum is protected from the transmission of earth shaking ... The mausoleum is designed for many centuries "...
Nevertheless, although it was built for centuries, already in 1944 the Mausoleum had to be thoroughly repaired. Another 30 years passed, and it suddenly became clear to someone that it needed to be repaired again - in 1974 it was decided to carry out a large-scale reconstruction of the tomb. It is even somehow incomprehensible: what does "become clear" mean? The mausoleum is made of reinforced concrete. That is, iron, sheltered from the atmosphere with concrete - stone. What to repair, how could it wear out? But no, someone knew that it was not complete, that repairs were needed.
Let us turn to the recollections of one of the leaders of the reconstruction, Joseph Rhodes: "The Mausoleum reconstruction project provided for a complete disassembly of the cladding, replacement of about 30% of granite blocks, strengthening the construction of the publication, complete replacement of insulation and insulation with modern materials, as well as the construction of a continuous shell made of special lead.
We were given 165 days for the entire work worth over 10 million rubles ... Having disassembled the granite facing of the Mausoleum, we were amazed at what we saw: the metal of the frame rusted, brick and concrete walls were destroyed in places, and the insulation-insulation turned into a soggy slurry that had to be scooped up. The cleaned structures have been reinforced and covered with the latest insulating and insulating materials. A reinforced concrete vault-shell was made over the entire structure, which was covered with a solid zinc shell ... In addition, in fact, 12 thousand facing blocks had to be replaced ”.
That which could not rot in principle - glass wool and metal - has rotted away. And most importantly, someone knew about the processes taking place inside the ziggurat, and gave the order to repair it in time. Someone knew that the ziggurat was not a miracle of Soviet architecture, but a device, and a very complex device. And he is not alone, most likely, such ...
Strange knowledge, strange customers, a strange place to build, strange and terrible events in the country after the completion of construction - hunger, and not one, war, and not one, the GULAG is a whole network of places where millions of people were tortured, as if pumping out of them vital energy... And, apparently, the ziggurat on Red Square has become the accumulator of this energy.
What kind of energy is this and why is it needed? Most likely for power over the whole world and turning it into one colossal concentration camp, generating streams of dark energy. According to Marx, communism looks like a continuous concentration camp: no property, everything in common, people can not only freely act, but also think.
Mystic? Maybe. But the fact remains that in the center of the capital of Russia there is a ziggurat, an exact copy of two ancient temples where bloody rituals were performed, and inside this structure in a glass coffin lies a mummy made by atheists, personifying the mystical cult of communism.
It is strange that the citizens Orthodox Russia still cherish the symbols of Satanism. Why are the people silent? Is it because the power of the necromancer sect has not gone anywhere, but simply hid for a while to try again to take revenge?
My most ardent desire is for revenge
to the one who reigns in heaven.
Karl Marx
Who launched the ziggurat again?
Thus, we can come to the conclusion that the secret mechanisms of ruling Russia, used by its current rulers, are based on real necromancy itself. They are wholly and completely based on occult magical knowledge and secret rituals older than the current chronology.
To this day, on Red Square, there is not a Mausoleum, but a specially tuned mechanism that affects the consciousness, will and life of the Russian people. And the mummy still lies inside. It is still a state-funded secure facility. Nothing changed.
If the ancients successfully used this psychotropic technique, and then the Bolsheviks, then why cannot it be used now? Who launched the ziggurat again and started zombifying an entire nation?
It can be assumed that the knowledge lost in some period was found again by someone from the communist Chaldeans, and a new attempt at revenge was undertaken. This version may look incredible, but there is still no other explanation for the massive irrational behavior of people.
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