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Sergey Alekseevich Lebedev is a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences and the USSR Academy of Sciences, Laureate of Leninist and State Prizes, Hero of Socialist Labor, Chief Designer of the First In the USSR and Europe of the E-computing Machine BESM and a number of other super-computer. One of the initiators of the formation of the specialty "Computing Technology" at the Moscow Energy Institute.

Sergey Alekseevich Lebedev was born on November 2, 1902 in Nizhny Novgorod. Mother Anastasia Petrovna (in Maurlin's Maurus) left the rich noble estate to become a teacher in educational institution For girls from poor families. Alexey Ivanovich Lebedev, Father Sergey, worked on a weaving factory.

In 1921, Lebedev S.A. Entered the Electromechanical Faculty of MVTU. During study, S.A. Lebedev attended lectures of outstanding electrical engineering of that time: K.A. Circle, L.I. Sirotinsky, A.A. Glazunov. In a graduation project, held under the leadership of Circle K.A., Lebedev developed a new problem at that time - the stability of parallel operation of power plants. The content of the project came far beyond student work. It was a serious work that had a large scientific and practical importance.

Having received a diploma of an electrician engineer in April 1928, S.A. Lebedev attended lectures of outstanding electrical engineering of that time. S.A. Lebedev began working as a junior researcher at the All-Union Electrotechnical Institute. Before Way, WEI was one of the most famous research institutes, where a number of scientists worked with a world name. Soon S.A. Lebedev headed the group, and then the laboratory of electrical networks. In VEI S.A. Lebedev together with P.S. Zhdanov, A.A. Grodsky was engaged in the problem of the management of energy systems. He was one of the first scientists who began modeling power systems and preventing the loss of generators from synchronism. Then he began to apply analog computing machines for mathematical modeling power systems.

Since 1930 S.A. Lebedev teaches at the Moscow Energy Institute. In 1933, together with P.S. Zhdanov published the first monograph in world literature on the theory of stability of electrical systems, which in 1934 was supplemented and reprinted. After a year, VAC assigned a young scientist the title of professor. In 1939 S.A. Lebedev defended his doctoral dissertation, not being a candidate of science. Its foundation was put by the theory of artificial stability of power systems.

From 1943 to 1948, he was heading at the MEI of the Rail Protection and Automation of Energy Systems. S.A. Lebedev has developed the foundations of the exercise on hierarchical processes in regulated systems. First course of lectures " Mathematical machines Discrete action »S.A. Lebedev read in 1950-1952.

Before the war, Sergey Alekseevich switched to the defense theme: Engaged in the development of self-leading torpedo and rockets. In September 1941, Sergey Alekseevich was evacuated with WEI to Sverdlovsk. While in Sverdlovsk, he has developed a system of stabilization of a tank gun accepted in a short time when aiming. For this work S.A. Lebedev was awarded the Order Labor red banner and medal "For valiant work in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.".

In 1946, S.A. Lebedev moves to Kiev and begins to make computer creation. Under his leadership in 1948-1950. The first electronic counting machine (MEXM) is being developed in the USSR and Europe. In 1952 S.A. Lebedev returns to Moscow and heads the Institute of Accurate Mechanics and Computing Technology. In 1953 he was elected valid member Academy of Sciences of the USSR. In 1957, participates in the launch of the Earth's satellite. They were created by a series of large electron-counting machines (from BESM-1 to BESM-4), and in 1964, BESM-6 was developed, which allowed our country to enter the global level in developing a second-generation computer. BESM-6 layout was launched in trial operation in 1965, and in mid-1967, the first sample machine was presented for testing. State Commission chaired by M.V. Keldysh, at that time the President of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, who accepted BESM-6, gave a high assessment machine.

Based on BESM-6, collective use centers were created, real-time control systems, coordination and computational systems of teleworking, etc. It was used to model the most complex physical processes and management processes, as well as in design systems for the development of mathematical support for new computers. Accepted when creating fundamental technical solutions Provided to her enviable longevity: BESM-6 was produced by the industry of 17 years!

With the Soviet-American space flight "Soyuz-Apollo", the Office was carried out by the new computational complex, which included BESM-6 and other powerful computing machines of domestic production developed by students S.A. Lebedeva. Main participants in the development of BESM-6 (S.A. Lebedev, V.A. Melnikov, L.N. Korolev, L.A. Zak, V.N.Laut, A.A.Sokolov, V.I. Smirnov, and . N.Tomilin, M.V. Ttyapkin) received a state prize.

Academician Lebedev S.A. It has state awards: Four Order of Lenin, the Order of the Labor Red Banner, Order October revolution, medals.

The article is dedicated brief biography S. A. Lebedeva - a man standing at the origins of the creation of a computer in the Soviet Union.

Brief biography Lebedev: the formation of a scientist

Sergey Alekseevich Lebedev was born in 1902. His family belonged to the creative intelligentsia, which imposed a positive imprint on the formation of the personality of the future scientist.
In 1920, Lebedev's family moved to Moscow, where Sergey entered the Higher Technical School and finished him with a diploma of an electrician engineer. IN Soviet Russia The program of large-scale electrification and people with the formation of Lebedev were extremely popular.
Lebedev works in the Electrotechnical Institute, and after the creation of a special energy institution becomes a teacher in it. Scientific development The scientist is widely used in the creation of new power plants in the country. In 1936 for success in scientific work Lebedev was awarded the title of professor.
30th. There were a time of unprecedented terror, under the threat of which no one felt safe. The usual was the practice of informing personal interests, in order to promote the career ladder. To the honor of Lebedev, it should be noted that the staff who worked under his leadership felt in absolute security and could focus solely on scientific work. The scientist was brought up in the traditions of the real Russian intelligentsia and could not afford unworthy actions and actions. He demanded the same from his employees.
In the scientific work of Lebedev, deep theoretical developments were combined with the mandatory practical focus of all studies.
During these years, the scientist begins to seriously engage in a binary numbering system and its practical applications.
During the war, all the efforts of Soviet science were aimed at achieving the victory, the creation of new weapons and improving the existing one. Lebedev is the author of the project of self-watering torpedo. Another His merit was the creation of a stabilization system when shooting from tanks. The work of the scientist was marked by major government awards.

Brief Biography Lebedev: Creation of AUM

After the war, Lebedev moves to Kiev. Here he heads the Institute of Energy. During the long years, the scientist was engaged in a large number of mathematical computing requiring a large voltage of strength and attention. He addresses the solution to the problem of automating this kind of bulky calculations. To this end, scientists have carried out a lot of work, which was the result of the creation of a small electronic-counting machine (MESM) with software control - a variant of the future computer. Despite the fact that in our time, Russia is significantly inferior to the West in the field of computer technology, it was in the Soviet Union that the first operating model of the prototype of the modern computer was created.
Under the direct participation of a scientist in the Soviet Union, a significant jerk was made in the field high technologies. For a long time, these developments were revolutionary in nature, but were used mainly exclusively in the field of the military industry. In particular, with the help of MESM, the most complex calculations were carried out for the needs of space and rocket technology, as well as in the field of thermonuclear processes.
The work of the scientist was found in the situation of strictest secrecy, as it was in the interests of the military industry. The development of Lebedev was seriously interested in the government Soviet Union. It was transferred to Moscow, where he created a new model - a high-speed electronic counting machine.
In 1956, Lebedev was made an international report on his work, which caused a sensation. A sample of the computer created in the USSR turned out to be the most high-speed in Europe and was not inferior to the best American counterparts.
For life, under the leadership of Lebedev, fifteen computers were created, starting with lamps working on lamps and ending with devices on integrated circuits. Health problems forced a scientist to leave the official work, but he continued to engage in scientific activities at home. Recent Lebedev studies were used in the development of a computer "Elbrus". The scientist performed sharply against copying American computer development, protecting domestic samples and considering them more promising.
Lebedev died in 1974 by entering the story as a father of domestic computer equipment. He became the owner of many government awards and ranks. Made a huge contribution to the development of the domestic computer industry. Proceedings of the scientist were assessed assessed abroad, where he was recognized as one of the pioneers of computer equipment and the creator of the Soviet computer.

Years of Life: 1902-1974

Sergey Alekseevich Lebedev is a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences of the USSR Academy of Sciences of the USSR, the Laureate of the Leninist and State Prizes, the Hero of Socialist Labor, the Chief Designer first in the USSR and Europe of the E-computing Machine BESM and a number of other superem. One of the initiators of the formation of the specialty "Computing Technology" at the Moscow Energy Institute.

Sergey Alekseevich Lebedev was born on November 2, 1902 in Nizhny Novgorod. Mother Anastasia Petrovna (in Maurlin's Maurus) left the rich nobility estate to become a teacher in an educational institution for girls from poor families. Alexey Ivanovich Lebedev, Father Sergey, worked on a weaving factory.

Training

In 1921, externally passed the exams for the secondary school. In April 1928, he graduated from the Higher Technical School. Bauman. By specialtyengineer -an electrician. The graduation work was devoted to the problems of stability of power systems created byGoalrom - Plan for electrification of the country. In the course of the work, S.A. Lebedev had to face the need to quickly simulate complex systems and a large number of time consuming calculations.

Labor activity

Then he worked inAll-Union Electrotechnical Institute (WEI) . After the selection of B.1930. Electrotechnical Faculty of MVTU in independentMoscow Energy Institute became a teacher of MEI. FROM1936 - Professor .. At 45 S.A. Lebedev, being a well-known scientist in the field of electric power industry, switches completely to a new direction for it - computing techniques. At the Institute of Electrical Engineering of the USSR Academy of Sciences, he organized the first scientific seminar in the country, on the basis of which a laboratory for the development of a computer named MESM (small electronic counting machine) was created. She became the first computer created in Russia.

In 1951, S.A. Lebedev moved to work to Moscow, where he headed the laboratory at the Institute of Exact Mechanics and Computer Engineering (ITM and W) of the USSR Academy of Sciences. From 1953 to the end of his life, he was the director of this institution. In ITM and W Lebedev, he headed the work on creating several generations of computer. Understanding how the training of specialists for the new direction is important, since 1953, and until the end of their days, Lebedev headed

department "Electronic Computing Machines" at the Moscow Physico-Technical Institute.

Sergey Alekseevich Lebedev in IMM and TU headed the work on creating several generations of computer.

BESM.

In the early 1960s, the first computer is created from a series of large electronic counting machines (BESM) - BESM-1. When creating BESM-1, original scientific and design developments were applied. This computer was then the most productive machine in Europe (8-10 thousand operations per second) and one of the best in the world.

Under the leadership of S.A. Lebedeva, two more lamp computers - BESM-2 and M-20 were created and implemented. In the 60s, semiconductor variants of M-20 were created: BESM-3M, BESM-4, M-220 and M-222. When designing BESM-6, the method of preliminary simulation modeling was first applied operating system The future computer, which made it possible to find a number of solutions for the organization of the computing process, which were unprecedented in the history of computing technology for a longevity BESM-6.

In addition to the fundamental developments, S.A. Lebedev performed important work on the creation of multipart and multiprocessor complexes.

The first step in the international recognition of the merit of Sergei Alekseevich in the field of informatics was awarded to him in 1996 the Medal "Computer Pioneer Award" for outstanding innovative works in the field of creating computer technology.

Features BESM-6:

• Element base - transistor paraphase amplifier with diode logic at the entrance
• Clock frequency - 10 MHz
• 48-bit machine word
• The speed is about 1 million operations per second (the most productive American CDC 6600 system, which has been produced since 1964, ensured the speed of the same order)
• Conveyor CPU (CPU) with separate conveyors for the control device (UU) and arithmetic device (AU). The conveyor allowed to combine the processing of several commands located at different stages of execution.
• 8-layer physical organization Memory (Interliving)
• Virtual memory addressing and expanding page registers.
• Combined AU for whole and floating arithmetic.
• Cache on 16 48-bit words: 4 data reading, 4 command readings, 8 - write buffer
• The command system included 50 24-bit commands (two in the word)

Perhaps you read or have seen on the portal articles about how the domestic industry of electronic computers developed. If not, then before reading this material I recommend familiarizing yourself at least, with the first part.
So, the main figure in this story was a scientist Sergey Alekseevich Lebedev, who lasted the way for all the current developments of Russia and the former Soviet Union. In 1948, it was designed by the first MESM in the USSR, a small electronic counting machine. His merits and work remember to this day. In his honor, the prestigious premiums, streets in cities, and the most important thing his name is proudly carrying "ITMIVT" - Moscow Institute of Accurate Mechanics and Computer Engineering named after Lebedev.

In his walls, Sergey Alekseevich developed the most productive computer in the USSR "BESM" - a large electronic counting machine, which largely exceeded even Western analogs of that time. In the Soviet Union, it was nonsense at all. Despite its name, "BESM" was a more compact relatively other popular EMM "Strela". For "BESM" required 100 square meters in the room, and for the "arrows" as many as 800. Despite the reduced dimensions, "BESM" was much more productive "arrows". I repeat, in more detail about the "hardware" you can read.

Today we will talk about a quiet, modest person who did no particular wishing than glory or money. He did it for himself, for his homeland, for the future, which has already become real for us. There will be no beautiful history of the "American Dream" of an ambitious entrepreneur who threw everything for his case. This story is by ordinary personSuch, as we with you, who loved the family, loved his work, loved to learn and teach, worked hard and diligently, dreaming to change the world.

Childhood

Young Lebedev

Sergey Lebedev was born on October 20, 1902 in Nizhny Novgorod in the royal time.

Parents Sergey.

Alexey Lebedev's father was a teacher and a writer, and the mother Anastasia Petrovna is an offacarious nobility. In addition to Sergey, Alexey and Anastasia was also the eldest daughter Tatiana.

Tatyana Alekseevna Lebedeva (Maurlin)

As well as Sergey, Tatiana Alekseevna was an outstanding person, but in the area absolutely opposite - in creative. She was engaged in illustrating books and painting.

Tatyana Lebedeva in youth

From 1921 to 1929, she studied at the Moscow Supreme Art and Technical Institution "Vhutemas", now known as Razhviz ( Russian Academy painting, sculptures and architecture) named after Ilya Glazunov. For their works, in 1981, Tatiana was awarded the Honorary Order of the Honored Artist of the RSFSR.

So Sergey in the family had decent people who served as an example for him, thanks to which the love of his homeland was brought up in the young man, the courage and patience, without which he could not achieve such heights. That same year as sister, Sergey enters the Moscow Higher Technical School named after the Bauman.

Student years

During study, Sergey adored the sport. Active hobbies were an integral part of his life. He often took part in group campaigns in the mountains, skiing and alloys along the river. And it all did not interfere with science classes.

Theme of it thesis The problem of installations of power systems has become. The whole process of writing the graduation work took two years. The process was led by Russian and Soviet Electrical Engineering Karl Adolfovich Krug, which owns many scientific Labors According to asynchronous engines, as well as on the problems of electrical transformation.

After the protection of the diploma, Sergey becomes a teacher at the Moscow Energy Institute (MEI). In 1936, he received the title of professor, defending the doctoral on the theory of stability of energy systems. In 1939, he defended his dissertation for the doctoral degree. In early 1940, Sergey was engaged in the design of the famous Kuibyshev hydroelectric power station (now Zhigulevskaya HPP) on the Volga River. Even today, this HPP is the second power among all hydroelectric power plants in Europe.

He combined his main work with a hobby, which was to develop a device intended for calculation differential equations. This project, who worked on Sergey, became the starting point before the design of the famous MESM (small electronic counting machine).

The Great Patriotic War

Unfortunately, the Great Patriotic War He pushed the plans of a young scientist for several years. Wanting to defend their homeland, in 1941, Sergey entered into the ranks of the national militia, because by age he was not subject to military call. As a result, he was not taken to the front, since WEI (All-Russian Electrotechnical Institute) urgently moved to Sverdlovsk, where Lebedev continued to engage in teaching activities.

At this time, Sergei's family was distressed. They had to live in the sheds and other temporary shelters. In 1943, the threat of the attack of the fascist invaders to Moscow has passed. And all the frames of the institute together with Sergey returned back to Belokamenny.

The experienced, incredibly terrible and bloody era influenced a scientist in the future. One of the uses of its computing machines was the development of anti-air defense equipment. Lebedev himself personally participated in the work on them with the Army of the USSR. He was not interested in the guns of the murders. What he worked on, was intended for the protection of the Motherland from the military invasions from the air. So many modern Russian defense complexes also take roots from Sergei Alekseevich's developments.

Creation MESM

At first, attempts to scientist deploy the creation of computing devices were not perceived by the organizational office of the Soviet Union seriously. Scientist almost dropped hands, but on the recommendation of his friends Lebedev moved to Kiev Institute Energy to take the post of his head.

In 1947, the Institute is divided into two separate institutions, one of which began to engage in thermal power, and the other electrical engineering. Lebedev became the director of the Institute of Electrical Engineering, which he finally made it possible to organize a laboratory in which he began to develop the first computers with his colleagues.

In one of the items above, I mentioned that Lebedev worked on the design of the Kuibyshev hydroelectric station and in parallel engaged in research in the field of computing technology. Because of the Great Patriotic War, he had to postpone these studies in a long box. At that time, none of the country had yet been created by a single computer. So if it were not for an attack Fascist GermanyThe USSR could become a country in which the first computer was developed. But it happened a little later.

In 1949, Lebedev began the first work on the design of MESM. About 42 people took part in its creation. After starting, it was carried out around the clock debug. Lebedev himself did not leave the workplace by day, remaining with his brainchild. After successful testing, engineers were recorded that the car could decide equationsThat would require a lot of time to solve even a well-educated person.

After that, the report on the work done was expelled in the supervisory authorities. This time the work of the scientist was appreciated by the authorities properly. For this in 1952, Lebedev received the position of head of the Institute in Moscow.

The building in which work on MESM is located in Feofania on Street Academician Lebedeva, House 19

MESM is the first computer developed in Europe.

BESM.

Having received great experience in the development of MESM, Sergey Lebedev immediately applied him to creating another project - a large electronic counting machine (BESM). There is a legend that Lebedev recorded the entire scheme of the new computer on the packages from Papot "Kazbek". Lebedev himself was silent, when he was asked about the truthfulness of this legend.

And only the units saw huge thick notebooks, written by the schemes of the computing machine in the smallest details.

BESM was the most productive computer in Europe at the time. She could carry ten thousand operations per second. Thanks to such computational capabilities, BESM complexes were actively used in research and military institutions for complex calculations requiring high accuracy. The launch of the first artificial satellite, and after and a person in space would be impossible without swan computing machines.

Later, Lebedev developed the following generations BESM - (BESM-2 - BESM-6), as well as a separate lineup of supercomputers M-20, M-40, M-50. You can find out in detail about all this in our article about the "Early EUM" issued in the Soviet Union.

In the early 1970s, in front of Sergey Lebedev, who was academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, was not the easiest task - to create a computing machine, whose calculation speed will be about 100 million operations per second. At that time, even abroad, there was no computer with a similar productivity. So the "Elbrus" project was born, which lives to this day.

Lebedev has chosen such a name. In his youth, being an amateur of outdoor activities, he managed to conquer the highest mountain peak of Russia and Europe - Elbrus.

I have to say from myself that there is a certain symbolism in it. After all, to create a high-class and super-producing computer, which is no analogues anywhere, is also not easy, as to conquer Elbrus.

At that time, there was a tendency to copy the IBM Western EUM. Lebedev was a tary opponent of this, as he believed that without unique developments and inventions of its own technologies, domestic science could stop developing, and start degrading. Unfortunately, Lebedev's words did not affect anything. And with the time the basic models of Soviet computers began to become IBM clones.

Before today, let both in a very dubious implementation, the creation and development of domestic computer equipment begins to improve. I really hope and believe that in the future, qualitative indicators of Russian technological products and industries will increase. And maybe we will use the devices that are developed and going on our native land with you.

Last years

Sergey Alekseevich Lebedev died in the summer of July 3, 1974 at the age of 71 years from severe illness. All his life he was surrounded by the most best people - His family, friends, colleagues. He was a very caring and hardworking person. He loved his homeland. While still in his native Volzhsky places, he swore forever to serve his Fatherland and continued to do it until the end of his days.

During the analysis of the documentation belonging to the scientist, one folder was allocated - these were drawings and detailed descriptions The very first EMM MESM, created by Lebedev. It was signed by the words - "Store forever".

Lebedev Sergey Alekseevich - Director of the Institute of Accurate Mechanics and Computer Engineering of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow.

Born on October 20 (November 2), 1902 in the city Nizhny Novgorod Nizhny Novgorod province (now region) in the family of teachers. Russian. In 1921, he entered the Moscow Higher Technical School on the Electrotechnical Faculty, which graduated from the Electrician Engineer diploma in 1928. While still a student, S.A. Lebedev became interested in the problems of power sustainability. Working at the same time as a teacher of MWU named after N. E. Bauman and the younger researcher of the All-Union Electrotechnical Institute (WEI).

Continuing to work on the problem of stability, S.A. Lebedev organizes a group in WEI, which then took shape into the laboratory of electrical networks. Gradually, the subject of the laboratory is expanding, and the problems of automatic regulation begin to fall into the circle of its interests. This led to the fact that on the basis of this laboratory in 1936, the department of automation was created, the leadership of which is entrusted to S.A. Lebedev.

After the selection in 1930, the Electrotechnical Faculty of MTU into an independent Moscow energy institute became a teacher of MEI. Since 1936, he is a professor. Already in 1939, S.A. Lebedev, bypassing the Ph.D., defended his doctoral dissertation on the theory of artificial stability of power systems. In 1941 he was awarded academic degree Doctor of Technical Sciences.

During the war, the study continued and developed a torpedo-emitting or reflective radiation, as well as a system of automatic homing to the target of aviation torpedo and a tank tool stabilization system when aiming. The creation of such systems required a colossal volume of calculations. It was this circumstance that led a scientist to understand the need to automate computing processes. As you know, abroad, the principles of computer and electronic account developed von Neuman, the classical architecture of the computer is called "von Neumanovskaya". The scientific feat of Lebedev is that in the conditions of information closetness of those years, he came to the same conclusions as the background Neuman, but half a year earlier.

In February 1945, S.A. Lebedev is elected by the actual member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and in May 1946, the director of the Institute of Energy of the USSR Academy of Sciences in Kiev is appointed. In 1947, after the separation of this institution, the director of the Institute of Electrical Engineering of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR is becoming director.

Developed theoretical calculations allowed S.A. Lebedev to go to practical work. At the end of 1947, the Institute began to create a layout of a digital electronic counting machine (MESM), the trial start-up of which was held on November 6, 1950. During the demonstration, the machine calculated factorial natural numbers and solved the parabola equation. MESM in 1951 was adopted by the Commission commissioned, and in 1952 it was already solved important scientific and technical tasks from the area of \u200b\u200bthermonuclear processes, space flights, rocket technology, long-distance transmission lines.

In 1947, S.A. Lebedev was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of the Red Banner, and in 1950 he was awarded the Stalinist Prize for the development and implementation of a device for compounding generators of power plants to increase the stability of power systems and improve the operation of electrical installations (jointly with L.V. Tsakenik).

In parallel with the final stage of work on MESM in 1950, the development of the first large (subsequently renamed the high-speed) electronic counting machine was launched. The development of the BESM was already in Moscow, in the laboratory of the Institute of Accurate Mechanics and Computational Technology of the USSR Academy of Sciences, led by S.A. Lebedev.

S.A. Lebedeva, the talent of a scientist researcher combined with the wonderful abilities of the organizer and inspirer work. He knew how to choose a strong team, captivate her work and concentrate every effort to solve the overall task. In the 1950s, when not enough scientific personnel, Lebedev made a bet on young people - and was not mistaken. He gathered a talented students around himself - diplomuses and graduates of MWU, MEPI, IFTI. For students S.A. Lebedeva, the development of BESM has become a start scientific activitySubsequently, many of them became famous scientists, academics.

As a result, tremendous work was rewarded by the victory - the intended computer was created. The first launch of the BESM was held in the fall of 1952, and she passed the state test in 1953. In the same year, Lebedev became the director of the Institute of Accurate Mechanics and Computing Technology.

October 23, 1953 S.A. Lebedev was elected a valid member of the USSR Academy of Sciences on the Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences. He became the first academician in the specialty "Accounts Devices". Understanding how the training of specialists for the new direction is important, since 1953, and until the end of their days, S.A. Lebedev was headed by the Department "Electronic Computing Machines" in the Moscow Physical and Technology Institute.

In 1954, S.A. Lebedev was awarded the Order of Lenin.

After creating the USSR Academy of Sciences in February 1955, before IM and W, the task was tasked to prepare BESM to serial release. BESM-2 machines were equipped with almost all major country computing centers. At BESM-2, calculations were carried out at launch artificial satellites Earth and first spacecraft With man aboard. Presented by S.A. Lebedev in October 1955 in Darmstadt (Germany) at the International Conference on Electronic Counting Machines, a report on our achievements made a sensation - BESM was recognized as the most fast-acting machine in Europe. Its speed turned out to be a record - 8000 operations per second.

Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 1, 1956 for the design, creation and commissioning of the high-speed electronic billing machine "BESM" Lebedev Sergey Alekseevich Awarded the title Hero of Socialist Labor with the presentation of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Medal "Sickle and Hammer".

After the triumphal victory between BESM, under the leadership of Lebedev, work immediately began working on the next version of the computer, with improved characteristics: increased speed, greater memory, increased sustainable work time. So the following versions of the BESM - BESM-2 family, BESM-3M, BESM-4 appeared. These cars have already been produced serially, first several dozen copies, then hundreds.

The famous BESM-6 has become the best in the BESM-6 series, the world's first serial "millionth" (1 million operations per second). The chief designer implemented many revolutionary solutions in it, so that the car survived three generations of computing equipment and produced 17 years. During this time, about 450 cars were produced, which is an absolute record for the Class Supercomputer. To date, the last copy of BESM-6 has been preserved, working under St. Petersburg in Training Center Navy.

In 1969, S.A. Lebedev (together with the group of employees of ITM and W, the USSR Academy of Sciences and the plant itself) awarded the USSR State Prize for the development and implementation of the EMM BESM-6 into production.

The development of BESM-6 is a vivid example of a creative approach to the creation of a computer, which takes into account all the possibilities of a technical base, mathematical modeling of structural solutions, and production to achieve best characteristics cars. The production of computing machines BESM has created real conditions for the emergence of several domestic schools on software development for these original computers in their architecture.

The role of the scientist and the development of mathematical support of the computer is great. S.A. Lebedev was one of the first to understand the importance of system programming and the importance of cooperation of mathematician programmer and engineers to create computing systems, including as an integral part of the software. On his initiative, the IMIvt was organized a laboratory of mathematical support, which carried out the development of system software for all systems created at the Institute.

Creative energy S.A. Lebedeva grabbed how scientific projectsand specialized intended for defense goals. On his initiative, in 1955, specialists Diana-1 and Diana-2 were developed to guide fighters for air targets. The continuation of these works led to the creation of a series of a series of computers intended to solve the problems of missile defense. On the basis of these machines, the first system of missile defense of the country was created, for which S.A. Lebedev, together with the team of the main participants in the work in 1966, was awarded the Lenin Prize.

On the basis of BESM-6, a multifunction computing complex of AC-6 was created, which for 15 years was used in the centers of flight control centers of spacecraft for processing information in real time. In 1975, with a joint flight of the Soyuz and Apollo spacecraft, the AC-6 complex, treating information, did the data on the flight trajectory in 1 minute, while the American side had such a settlement after half an hour.

S.A. Lebedev managed to form a domestic study school and developments, which for many years for a number of directions kept the leading position in the world. Only from the mid-1970s began a gradual lag from Western developers. In many respects, it was associated with copying the IBM series, as well as with an emerging gap in the field of element base. None of the types of cars S.A. Lebedeva was a copy of any foreign computer, everything was created on its own scientific base, with the use of original approaches to the solution of theoretical and applied tasks. And in this manifestation of high intellectual abilities of a truly outstanding scientist and his scientific feat.

The 4 Order of Lenin was awarded (03/27/1954; 06/01/1956; 09.11.1962; 11/01/1972), Order of the October Revolution (26.04.1971), 2 orders of the Red Banner of the Red Banner (05/16/1947; 23.02.1957), medals.

Laureate Leninsky (1966), Stalinist (1950) and state (1969) USSR premiums.

The international computer society IEEE Computer Society in 1996 was honored by S.A. Lebedeva with its highest awards - Medals "Computer Pioneer Award" for outstanding innovative works in the field of computing technology. Medal awarded his family.

The Russian Academy of Sciences established a prize named after S.A. Lebedeva, who once every two years awarded Russian scientists who have contributed to the development of domestic computing technology. The Institute of Accurate Mechanics and Computing Technology of the USSR Academy of Sciences, which he led over 20 years, since 1975 hears his name.

In Kiev, a monument to S.A. Lebedev and a memorial plaque on the building of the institute, in which he worked, the street was named after him. In Moscow on the house where he lived, a memorial plaque is installed.