The problem of intelligence is arguments and an essay. Intelligence: Definition, essence and examples In which works are revealed by the problem of an intelligent person

Intelligentsia is a social layer or aesthetic and ethical estimates? This question asks in its text I. O. Foryakov, affecting the problem of intelligence in modern society.

The author sees as in his eyes "blur" the concepts associated with the words "intellectual" and "intelligence". Paying attention to how the surrounding vocabulary conquers one after another of the Reduta of the intelligentsia modern society, soviet poet He emphasizes that the forbidden words penetrate into the works of the most honorable writers.

The author does not agree with those who use the surrounding vocabulary in their works, because considers the intelligentsia not as a layer in society, which has arisen under certain circumstances, in which such development is possible, but as aesthetic and ethical characteristics of each person.

With a poet, it is difficult to disagree: the intelligence in man is not formed by itself and does not depend on which a person belongs to the social layer. On the contrary, a person himself lines this intelligence through self-education and the desire for the purity of his word and his thoughts that will characterize it ethically and aesthetically. Your opinion is arguing.

Even in his "letters about the good" D. S. Likhachev approved the thought: "Everyone must be intelligent!". In what kind of society and in whatever situation is a person, he must be intelligent with everyone. If the person is intelligent, then he is rich in the beauty of health as physical and ethical.

A. I. Solzhenitsyn in his work "One Day of Ivan Denisovich" tells the story of a hero, a man who fell into the camp for political prisoners who did not lose his intelligence, despite many difficulties of "life" in the camp, who daily stood on his way and paths other prisoners.

Summing up, we can approve the idea that the present intelligence exists not as a layer in society, but as the high aesthetic and ethical qualities of each individual.

Updated: 2017-05-01

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Hello, dear readers. In this article, you will learn what is the problem of intelligence in modern world. Find out the value this concept. Check out examples. Learn what features is an intelligent person. You will be aware of what you need to do so that it is like that.

Definition of concept

Intelligence (translated from Latin means a thinking, understanding) is a combination of the qualities of an individual, which meets the expectations of cultural society. There are also other definitions of this concept.

1. The ability to think, the ability to endure independent judgments about the universe, about manifestations of human actions.
2. Tolerant, nobility, intelligence and reliability of words.
3. The combination of able-bodied mind, noble soul and truthful heart.
4. The ability to understand, take everything new, always respect for other people, to demonstrate their emotions, prevent interference in the personal space of another person.
5. The ability to endure the rudeness, blessing behavior, to prevent unfairness. This individual has high moral values, a developed sense of nobility.

You need to know what benefits of intelligence:

• allows you to show emotions, gain new knowledge;
• gives freedom, allowing you to express your thoughts;
• intelligent extremes can understand the value of a common good;
• awards by the forces to resist the evil injustice and rude civilization;
• confidence in their forces and opportunities, faith in yourself;
• an intelligent man or woman has the opportunity to show interest in life, be benevolent to others.

Characteristic of intellectual

An intelligent person can issue certain qualities, especially if you consider the intellectual of the old hardening.

1. Clean patriotism, which manifests itself with real actions.
2. Feeling compassion for pain of other people and animals.
3. Soft, polite, compliant.
4. The absence of a rough relationship to any person, even if he behaves rudely towards the intellectual.
5. Traction to everything beautiful.
6. Ability to forgive people.
7. Frequency truthfulness, decent attitude to others, respect.
8. Traction for education, constant self-development.
9. In the speech of such an individual, quotes are often used, aphorisms. idioms, There are no coarse phrases.

Examples in the modern world

IN everyday life A person meets on its path of intelligent people and does not betray this meaning, and this is what they make our lives better, increasing her quality, they retain spiritual and moral values.

An example of an intelligence is a person, which shows good manners, does not behave mostly, not engaged in self-examination. Such an individual does not condemn anyone for the wrong deeds, while trying to determine their cause.

An example of intelligence is a writer Alexander Solzhenitsyn who received Nobel Prize In the 1970 literature. At one time, the political system tried to destroy him, he was sent to the camps, in the link, they imposed censorship, but it could not be broken. Alexander Isaevich collided with cancer and was able to defeat him. He was not only educated, he also helped others and society as a whole. He tolerately treated the personal disadvantages of people, while confronted by public vices. Solzhenitsyn was a man, strong spirit, body and mind.

The situation with intelligence in the modern world is under threat. The fact is that today there is an acute problem of identity degradation, the consequences of funds mass media, social networks. However, it should be understood that human values \u200b\u200bwill be maintained at any time, there will always be a place of compassion, the ability to put yourself in place of other people, respectively treat them, to be tolerant. Sharp mind together with internal freedom, deep soul and burden to all the excellent will always take a significant place in the process of evolution.

The current intelligentsia is not very different from the representatives of the last century. Such people are stronger, they have a kind soul, they do not catch their achievements, actions, do everything to change the world for the better.

How to become an intelligent

1. Much attention should be paid. Here we are talking about any fantastic or about love novels, but about classical literature.
2. An important place is occupied by education. Need to understand that not every person with higher education It is an intellectual, while all intelligent people are highly educated.
3. Most great importance It has the right upbringing. If a child is raised, instilling respect for other people, the ability to listen to others, the ability to refer to the point of view of each individual, then it will begin to develop intelligence deposit.
4. Educational activities and charity also allows you to become an intellectual.
5. The insecurity of actions from words. A person seeking to become an intelligent will definitely be responsible for his words and actions.

Now you know what the essence of the intelligence is. People must believe that the intelligence is the culture of the soul. This is not an indicator of the level of education, these are actions that correspond to the moral principles. Humanity is vital to personality with a bright soul, which will indicate the need of pure relations without mercantility, on the need to obtain knowledge with subsequent development and spiritual growth.

It seems that the concepts of pupils, decency, spiritual nobility are blocked in their eyes - all that we used to connect with the words "intellectual" and "intelligence". One brave critic was somehow confessed in print: before reading any work on the Internet or on a diskette, it checks with a computer, is there an abnormative vocabulary. If not - you will not read for anything: Pink Voddy!

The writing

Any concept and the term over time "fades" and is inevitably modified, and if it does not completely disappear, then in any case it loses the initially embossed moral and ideological components. Unfortunately, it is impossible to avoid this, however, for some concepts, key and fundamental, becomes especially anxious. In his text, I. Fonyakov raises actual problem Intelligence.

Many publicists, philologists and scientists argued on this topic. I. Foryakov draws our attention to the fact that the concepts of which the term "intelligentsia" itself consists, such as "pupil", "decency", "spiritual nobility", blur and lose their significance, and at the same time loses their meaning and The meaning and the word "intellectual" itself. The writer brings an example of a typical representative of the modern "creative intelligentsia", which seriously considered the works that did not use the surrounding vocabulary, the "pink driver", thereby expressing his confident approval of the abundance in the Russian literature Mata and other words that were still considered yesterday Unacceptable and forbidden. In contrast with this "intelligent" I. Fonyakov also leads to an example of such great personalities as the author of "Words about Igor's regiment", Metropolitan Hilarion, Nestor and other chronicles monks, whose contribution to history is certainly indispensable, and focus on The fact that these personalities and those who are, on the basis of the term, "a representative of the social layer arising in certain circumstances" is also assumed to be "Russian intelligentsia", which is incorrect.

An intellectual is a person who has mental decency and intellectual freedom. The author believes that the intelligentsia is not only a social layer arising in the XV - XVI centuries. This, first of all, educated and thinking people who are guided by moral categories and unconditional intellectual freedom, and the main steering in this case should be conscience and a sense of responsibility for the future generation. Intelligents are independent personalities movable only by their own beliefs and able to make a worthy contribution to the history of their fatherland, and those who are able to sacrifice cultural values \u200b\u200bin pursuit of profit, fashion, dubious innovation or any own prejudices, to call intellectuals in full meaning This word is incorrect and stupid.

I agree with the point of view I. Fonyakova and also believe that the intelligentsia is not just a social layer or a crowd of people who consider themselves "knowledgeable" and "educated." Intelligents in the full meaning of this word are personalities free from everything that contradicts their convictions, but at the same time their goal can only be a contribution to the future of its country and its comprehensive development, and only conscience can be the guidelines of the true "Russian intellectuals" and morality.

In the novel B.L. Pasternak "Dr. Zhivago" describes the difficult fate of the true intellectual, who collided with such inhuman and anti-humane elements as a war. The main character Desperately tried to express himself and as a doctor, and as a poet, however, faced with the real world, he realized that it was more profitable to "be like everyone else" and be content with philistine values \u200b\u200band joys. Yuri Zhivago throughout the work faces moral and moral contradictions - it turned out to be so alien real world, full of murders, hypocrisy, lies and defects, however, he himself, being a man of morally pure, thinking, real Russian intelligent, could not immerse themselves in this atmosphere and adopt the habits and properties of all that he was surrounded, and he remained Only be content with its own creativity and deep loneliness, in depths of the soul hope for a happy future.

A similar problem raised in his comedy "grief from the mind" and A.S. Griboedov. The main character, Chatsky, being a representative of a new generation of intelligentsia, faced with rejection and misunderstanding from the conservatives led by the Famusov. The main character driven by revolutionary aspirations and the desire to raise his country "from the knees", wanted to convey his ideas to large number People and began with the society in which he had to be for a long time - however, it was considered crazy. Famovskoe society was afraid of freight and change - his representatives were not important to the state of the country and her further developmentThey all worried only for their own well-being, and therefore, the attempts of Chatsky will get to their conscience and morality initially could not be crowned with success. Outowers won the quantity, and the Chatkoma remained only to disappear as soon as possible in anticipation of like-minded people.

In conclusion, I would like to once again note that the problem of Russian intelligentsia is primarily in the "folding" of key concepts and improper interpretation of the term. From the century to the century, different political and cultural figures express various attitudes to this "social layer", but an opinion does not matter in any way and cannot influence the interpretation of the term "intellectual" himself.

(1) Once, a long time ago, I was sent to me an important edition of the word about the regiment of Igor. " (2) I could not understand for a long time: what's the matter? (3) At the institute, they were painted that the book was received, and there are no books. (4) Finally, it turned out that she took her one respectable lady. (5) I asked for a lady: "Have you taken a book?" (6) "Yes," she replied. - (7) I took it. (8) But if you need it so much, I can return it. " (9) And at the same time, the lady flirtually smiles. (10) "But the book is sent to me. (P) If you need it, you had to ask her to ask her. (12) You put me in an awkward position before the person who sent it. (13) I didn't even thank it. "

(14) I repeat: it was long ago. (15) And it would be possible to forget about this case. (16) But after all, I sometimes remember about him - life reminds.

(17) After all, it seems, what kind of trifle! (18) "Clean the book" book, "forget" to return it to the owner ... (19) Now it has become in order of things. (20) Many are justified by what I, they say, this book is more necessary than the owner: I can't do without it, but it will cost it!

(2 ^ There was a new phenomenon - "intellectual" theft, it seems to be quite an apology, justified by the passion, a burden to culture. (22) Sometimes they even say that the book "read" is not theft at all, but a sign of intelligence. (23) Think Only: dishonest act - and intelligence! (24) Do not you think that this is simply daltonism? (25) moral daltonism: we learned to distinguish colors, more precisely - to distinguish black from white. (26) Theft is theft, theft is theft. , the dishonest act remains a dishonest act, no matter how much they just justified! (27) And there is a lie there is a lie, and in the end I do not believe that a lie can be in salvation. (28) After all, even drive a "hare" in the tram - This is theft. (29) There are no small theft, there is no small theft - there is just theft and just theft. (ZO) There is no small deception and great deception - there is just a hoax, a lie. (31) It is not for nothing that says: faithful in small - Yves Large. (32) Sometime by chance, Mimola You will remember the insignificant episode when you came with conscience in the very harmless and insignificant - and you will feel ukore conscience. (33) And you will realize that if someone suffered from your trifling, an insignificant act, then you are injured first of all - your conscience and your dignity.

(D.S. Likhachev)

The writing

Is it possible, considering yourself a cultural and intelligent person, allow the dishonest acts towards others and to themselves? Where are the permissible borders of lies and dishonesty? This argues the famous literary critic and publicist D.S. Likhachev.

It would seem that an ordinary case: someone took someone else's book and "forgot" to return it. At the same time, the sense of awkwardness did not even have arisen from the fact that he summed up another person put it in an ambiguous position. This phenomenon of modernity called the "moral daltonism" and tried to explore the problem in terms of ethical standards. Whatever explanations have nominated supporters of such actions, one remains unconditional: theft remains theft, a lie will never be justified. Forgiving yourself small evil, it is easy to ride in evil big. He entered the conscience, making an immoral act, you will suffer, freely or unwittingly destroy your dignity. And with this statement D.S. Likhacheva you will definitely agree if you consider yourself an intelligent person or strive to be so.

Writers of the nineteenth century were often treated to the problems of moral purity and decency. The heroes of Pushkin, Tolstoy, Turgenev, Dostoevsky were mistaken, suffered, doubted, but they always retained moral dignity. Peter Grinev, hero " Captain's daughter"A.S. Pushkin, keeps his father's covenant "take care of honor" and does not lose dignity neither terrible Pugachev, neither in the face of death. He protects not only his honest name, but also the honor of his beloved.

Favorite heroes L.N. Tolstoy in the novel "War and Peace" pass through serious moral tests and do it with honor, not falling back to cowardice and humiliation. Old prince Bolkonsky, accomplishing the Son in the Army, says that he can survive his death, but will not survive

dishonor. And for Prince Andrei, the concept of debt and honor is unshakable. It is definitely that this tradition will be faithful and his son.

Why today, many moral concepts and values \u200b\u200bhave devalued? It may be necessary to be more demanding and uncompromising to their own conscience and to the actions of those who surround us.

(1) Many people think: an intelligent person is the one that read a lot, got a good education (and even by the benefit of humanitarian), traveled a lot, knows several languages.

(2) And meanwhile, it is possible to have all this and be unintelligent and can not have it to a large extent, but still internally intelligent man.

(H) deprive the truly intelligent person completely its memory. (4) May he forgot everything in the world, will not know the classics of literature, will not remember the greatest works of art, the most important historical eventsbut if at the same time he will keep susceptibility to cultural values, aesthetic flair, will be able to distinguish the real work of art from the coarse "doing" made, only to surprise if he can admire the beauty of nature, to understand the nature and individuality of another person, enter his position , and the understanding of another person, help him, will not show rudeness, indifference, gloating, envy, but will appreciate the other in dignity - this will be an intelligent person ... (b) intelligence not only in knowledge, but also in the ability to understand the other .

(6) It manifests itself in a thousand and thousands of little things: in the ability to respectfully argue, behave modestly at the table, in the ability to imperceptibly (exactly) to help the other, take care of nature, do not litter around yourself - not to litter with cigarettes or swearing, bad ideas (this Also garbage, and what else!).

(7) I knew in the Russian north of peasants who were truly intelligent. (8) They observed an amazing purity in their homes, they knew how to appreciate the good songs, knew how to tell the "Valchishna" (that is, what happened to them or others), lived in ordinary life, were hospitable and welcoming, with understanding they treated them to someone else's grief , and to someone else's joy.

(9) Intelligence is the ability to understand, to perception, this is a tolerant attitude towards peace and to people.

(1 (^ Intelligence It is necessary to develop, train, - to train spiritual forces, how to train and physical. (11) And training is possible and necessary in any conditions.

(12) What training physical strength Promotes longevity - this is understandable. (13) It is much less understood that for longevity, the training of spiritual and mental strength is also necessary.

(14) Affairs of the fact that the evil and evil response to the surrounding, rudeness and misunderstanding of others is a sign of spiritual and spiritual weakness, human inability to live ... (15) pushed in a crowded bus - weak and nervous man, exhausted, incorrectly on all reacting. (16) Quarrel with neighbors - also a person who does not know how to live, deaf sincere. (17) Aesthetically immune - also unhappy man. (18) Without understanding another person, attributing to him only evil intentions, eternally offended on others - this is also a person who is depleting his life and preventing the other. (19) The spiritual weakness leads to physical weakness. (20) I am not a doctor, but I am convinced. (21) Serennial experience convinced me.

(22) Friendly and kindness make a person not only physically healthy, but also beautiful. (23) Yes, it is beautiful.

(24) a person's face that is often distorted by malice becomes ugly, and movements evil man lishe-

the grace is not a deliberate grace, but a natural, which is much more expensive.

(25) Social human debt is intelligent. (26) This is a debt and before yourself. (27) This is the key to his personal happiness and "Auura of goodwill" around him and to him (that is, addressed to him).

(D.S. Likhachev)

The writing

How often we use the expression "intelligent person", not very thinking over its true meaning. Often we are confusing the concept of "intelligence" and "education", and this is far from the same thing.

Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev, being a truly intelligent person, helps us understand the differences between true and false intelligence. The problem of imaginary and genuine culture, morality and intelligence is particularly relevant today. After all, as often, the mask of external integrity lies mentally worn and emptiness. According to Likhachev, "Intelligentity not only in knowledge, but also in the ability to understand the other." The author believes that intelligence can and need to develop and train. It is interesting and the idea that man's mental state is reflected on his physical health. Russian intelligentsia has created spiritual wealth over the centuries, filled life moral meaningDespite the persecution and humiliation. We see this in the example literary heroes, such as Bulgakovsky Professor Preobrazhensky, life dedicated to the ministry of science and understands that a chamas came to power that neither science nor culture needed. Evil and envy lead these balls. They are not able to build, they only destroy.

An interesting image of an old provincial intellectual from the story of the writer Vladimir Zheleznikov "Stuffed"

kolya Nikolayevich Vesseltseva, a collector of paintings. His main qualities - kindness and selflessness, and the granddaughter of Lena he teaches this, although people are cruel and unfair to them. But others they will not become, since they are inherent in the inner intelligence.

The final words of Likhachev's article addressed to each of us: "Social human debt is intelligent. This is a debt and before yourself. " You should listen to them.

• Category: Arguments for the Composition of the EGE

• MA Bulgakov - the story "Dog's Heart". In this story MA Bulgakov creates the image of a genuine Moscow intellectual - Professor of Preobrazhensky. This is a person of an outstanding mind, high culture, all his life dedicated to the disinterested ministry of science, but the hero has an independent mind, his point of view on everything that is happening. So, Philipp Philippovich openly speaks of his attitude to the winning proletariat. "Why when did this whole story started, everyone began to walk in dirty calories and boots on the marble staircase?" - Professor is perplexed. "Destroy", "the colleague is trying to explain him, Dr. Bormental. "What is your destroy? .. This is what: if I instead of operating every evening, I will start to sing in my apartment, I will have breakdown." Scientific experiment With the ball, the transplantation of the dog of human organs becomes for Professor of the real catastrophe: Preobrazhensky, with his own hands, creates the "newest proletarian", coarse, arrogant, gravily, aggressive mannot having the slightest idea of \u200b\u200bculture and morality, but seeking to "share". And the professor takes the opposite effect, turning him into a dog again. The image of the intellectual at Bulgakov is opposed to the image of the proletarian. The author's position here is quite definite: any violence against nature and man, the forcing the natural process of evolution turns into the inevitable tragedy. And the story confirmed us the right of the ingenious writer.
• D.S. Likhachev - "Letters of good and beautiful."

In this book, D.S. Likhachev reflects that intelligence is. Intelligence not necessary to be confused with education, intelligence. Intelligent is a friendly, educated person, respecting the culture of the past, possessing aesthetic aesthetic, loving to receive knowledge. Intelligence, according to a scientist, is the ability to understand the other, to perception, "tolerant attitude to peace and people." The scientist believes that it is necessary to develop all these qualities in itself, since it is they who provide our moral health.

• Image of Academician D.S. Likhacheva, Genuine Russian intellectual, outstanding science fig.