The genus of unclear nouns. Rod names of nouns HPP What kind of noun

Special difficulties may arise when determining the shape of the kind of unlock nouns. The genus of unclean nouns is established on the basis of private laws for individual groups of words, taking into account their lexical meaning, animation / inantence, the ability to sum up the species name for a generic concept.

Unlock animated nouns belong to the male race if they call the face of the male, and to female, if they call the female face: military attache, famous maestro, experienced croupier, old bourgeois, polite receptionist, cheerful entertainer; Simple engine, poor Mimi, Mat Madame, Strict Lady, Young Miss.Also, the male genus includes unlocked nouns of foreign-speaking origin, calling animals: funny Pony, Australian Kangaroo, Beautiful Cockada, Asian Zebu, Pink Flamingo(Besides tseet).

For inanimate unlocking nouns, the rule is their affiliation to the middle kind: purse, Eskimo, Cinema, Anthrash, Amplua, Cocoa, Kushn, Taxi(Besides coffee). The average genus includes own names - Names of sports clubs ( Dynamo, Torpedo).

The male and female genus of inanimate nouns are determined by the grammatical nature of the nouns denoting the common generic concept. So, the word penalty -male genus (generic concept - single-meter free kick), and word tsunami– female (Generic concept - sea wave). Male genus nouns denoting wind names ( sultry sirocco, powerful tornado),languages \u200b\u200b( hindi, Urdu, Swahili, Sakha). To the words of the feminine avenue(Street), kohlrabi(cabbage), bere(pear), salami (sausage).

Rod of unclean geographical names It is established according to the correlation with the name of the noun, calling the generic concept. So, Glasgow, Tbilisi, Delhi- noun male genus, as correlated with the word city. Nouns, calling such generic concepts, little: river (Zambezi, By, Tahoe), Lake (Ontario, Erie), State (Peru, Chile, Nicaragua), city (Batumi, Baku, Oslo, Turku), Mountain (Jungfrau, Kilimanjaro, Chimbora\u003e), Desert (Calahari, Gobi ), Island (Capri, Corfu, Hokkaido), Republic (Sri Lanka)et al. In some cases, the orientation of the generic concept may be ambiguous, which leads to fluctuations in kind: Bangladesh(State, Republic), Kilimanjaro.(Mountain, volcano). From here options are possible: Bangladesh suffered (suffered) from flooding, Peru (suffered, suffered) from the earthquake. However, such structures are distinguished by obvious artificiality. Much more natural and "reliable" in grammatical terms are such structures in which the unlocking own names are not independently, but as annexes to the generic name. Wed: The state of Peru suffered from the earthquakeor The Republic of Peru suffered from the earthquake.In this case, the genus of the unclear name is practically incomplete.

The definition of the kind of inconstricted complex words (abbreviations) in principle is similar to the definition of the genus of geographical names. Only need to be guided not to the generic name, but on the rod supportword That phrase, which decipher abbreviation. So, PBX- noun feminine clan, for supporting word station In the full name "Automatic telephone exchange" refers to the female family, SMU -medium kind (construction and assembly management), Traffic police - female family (state security inspection road), GRES, HPP- female (power station), NII -male (Research Institute), etc.

Since the unlock abbreviations are nouns inanimate, for them, in accordance with general ruleIn principle, the average genus can never be excluded. For example: One gearbox they drove before the start of the discussion about the documents (K. Simonov. Live and dead; KPPcheckpoint); .... let send in Odessa check (I. Babel, the sun of Italy); NATO intervened (North Atlantic Union). You can also explain the grammatical analogy of the average genus of nouns rono, Gorono, Rifo, Selpo and etc.

Words like university, collective farm, village councilinclined, therefore, the genus of such words is established in the same way as otherly inclined inanimate nouns.

what kind of words urgently !!! PTU, HPP, traffic police, PBX, MCAT, Research Institute, OTP, MSU, TYUZ, PE and received the best answer

Answer from Irina Robertovna Makhrakova [Guru]
These are comprehensive words, that is, abbreviations, so you need to remember the following:
◆ Most abbreviations are nouns are unlock (PTU, HPP, traffic police, PBX, Research Institute, OTP, MSU, PE), and therefore their genus is determined by the main word in decoding;
◆ There are also inclined abbreviations (MCAT, TYUZ), the generation of which is determined by the usual way.
So, the genus is determined by the genus of the main word in deciphering the abbreviation, since they are unlockable, in the following words:
◆ PTU is a noun feminine kind, since this family includes the word School in decoding - a vocational school;
◆ HPP - noun feminine kind, since it applies to this kind the last part its decryption station - hydroelectric station;
◆ traffic police - a noun feminine kind, since this family includes the word inspection in decoding - the State Road Safety Inspectorate;
◆ PBX - noun feminine kind, because the female kind of word station in decoding is an automatic telephone station, an autonomous heat station (there are other decodents, where the main words - nouns and female, and male, and medium kind, but those that I called - most commonly used);
◆ Research Institute - noun male genus, because the word Institute is the chief in deciphering the abbreviation, the research institute;
◆ OTV - noun male genus, because the main word in decoding (technical control department) Department of the male race (there are other decodes);
◆ MSU - noun male genus, because the main word in decoding (Moscow State University; Moldavian State University; international humanitarian University et al.) University of male race;
◆ PE is a noun medium kind, since the middle of the word incident in decoding is an emergency.
MCAT and TYUZ - a noun lonely, male genus (MHAT - He is mine, the Tyuz is mine), tended as the usual nouns of the 2nd decline (MCAT, Mkat, Mkat, etc.; Tyuz, Tyuza, Tusy, etc. .). And the genus of the main word in deciphering these abbreviations - theater - here the role does not play, and the fact that it is a male kind, coincidence. In the abbreviations of the male mission of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ministry of Foreign Affairs) and BAM ( Baikal Amur Highway), for example, there is no such coincidence.
.

Answer from Anyuta Samak[newcomer]
It is determined by the leading word in the reduction - if the PBX (automatic telephone exchange) then according to the word "station" - female genus. Or vocational school (vocational school) according to the word "school" - medium genus, etc. It turns out to be Wed. R, w. R, w. R, w. p, m. r, m. r, m. r, cp. p, m. r, cp. R.

§ 1 Unclear names nouns

In this lesson, we will recall the unlock names of the nouns and learn how to determine their genus.

Recall that the unclear nouns are a group of unchangeable borrowed words. It includes both the names of their own (Duma, Peru, Tbilisi) and the nominal (Frau, pony, menu).

And how to say: a varied menu or diverse menu? Beautiful pony or beautiful pony? Ancient Tbilisi or ancient Tbilisi?

Why is it difficult for us to answer this question? This is because these nouns do not change. So, we must remember the genus of such words.

§ 2 Right of borrowed unlock nouns

Most of the borrowed unlock names of nouns relates mainly to the average. Non-closure nouns are the nouns belong to the male family, if they denote the male people, and to the female race, if they denote female people.

If the unlocking noun foreign-speaking origin denotes animals or birds, it also belongs to the male genus: a pedestrous cacatoo, a gray kangaroo, a funny chimpanzee.

The exception is the word Cets. This word refers to the female family, because we are talking about flies.

§ 3 Right of non-closure nouns

The genus of the unlock their own names of nouns - geographical names, names of newspapers and magazines is determined by the native of those names of the nominative, which these names can be replaced.

Before us offer:

What should be the end in the adjective? Since Sochi is a city, it means that the unclear one's own nouns will also be in the form of a male genus: hospitable Sochi. Consider another example:

In the context, there is an indication that Ontario is a lake, which means that the name will be a nouns of the middle kind: freshwater Ontario.

§ 4 kind of word-abbreviation

The unlocking nonsions also include abbreviation words. For example, CIS, Moscow State University, Research Institute. The genus of such nouns is determined by the genus of the main word. At the heart of the combination of the Union of Independent States, the main word is a union, it relates to the male race, therefore, the CIS abbreviation is also a male race. And at the heart of the combination of Moscow State University, the main word - the university, it means that MSU is also a male race.

§ 5 Practice to determine the genus of unclear nouns

Let's determine the generation of some unlock nouns together.

The word coffee refers to male race means, and adjective fragrant, black should be in the form of a male race.

combines Moscow Art Academic Theater) The main word Theater, it means that the verb should stand in the form of a male race.

The combination of the abbreviation of the HPP (hydroelectric station) the main word station, it means that the whole word refers to the female family.

· Most of the unlocked nouns belong to the average: highway, metro, cinema, eskimo, alibi.

· If the noun denotes female face, then it will be a female genus: Madame, Mrs., Pani.

· If the noun denotes the face of the male of animals or birds, then it belongs to the male genus: Attache, Maestro, Koala, Pony, Flamingo.

The unlocking own names nouns include the same kind as the words they can be replaced.

In comprehensive words, the word-abbreviation word is determined by the genus of the main word in phrase. DPS is a road patrol service. The main word is a service, it means that DPS refers to the female family. In case of difficulty in determining the kind of inclocked foreign language names, it is necessary to use "dictionaries of new words".

List of references:

1. TA Ladyzhenskaya, M.T.Baranov. Russian language. 6th grade. 2012
2. N.G. Goltsova. Russian language 10-11 classes. 2012
3. V.V. Babaitseva. Russian language. Theory.5-9 class. 2012
4. G. A. Bogdanova. Russian lessons in grade 6. 2012

Used images:

Have a permanent morphological sign of the genus and belong to male, female or medium.

The main expression of the morphological kind of extraimal - the endings agree on the nouns of the adjectives, the communities in the position of the definition and words with a non-permanent sign of the kind in the position of the fad, primarily the verb in the past time or conditional challenge, as well as a brief adjective or communion.

To male, female and medium genus include words with the following conjunction:

Words of general Roda

Some nouns with the end - but, Denotic signs, properties of persons in them. P. have a double characterization by the genus depending on the floor of the manifested person:

is yours-□ Nevezhi came-□,

your Nevezhi came-a.

These nouns are referred to general Rod.

There are nouns in Russian, denoting the name of the person by profession, which in the designation of the male face act as the words of the male race, i.e. they join the agreed words with the endings of a male race; When they denote the female face, the definition is used in male genus, and the faithful is used in women's birth (mainly in colloquial speech):

new doctor came - □ (man),

new doctor came-a (female).

These words are "candidates" in general genus, their genus is sometimes called transitional to general, but in dictionaries they are characterized as the words of a male race.

Methods of expressions of kind

In Russian, there are about 150 words with oscillation by genus, for example: coffee - Male / Middle Rod, shampoo - Male / female genus.

Nouns only multiple number (cream, scissors) There are no one of the birth, since in the plural of formal differences between nouns are not expressed (Wed: Wedway: part-s - table-s).

Thus, the main expression of the genus is extraimal. Coffeely genus is consistently expressed only in nouns - substantive adjectives and communion: clocky, ice cream, dining room: In the forms of the only number, these words are submitted to the endings, unambiguously indicate their generic affiliation. For nouns II decline in the male genus and III decline in the female specifically, the entire system of their endings, as for the endings of individual paddy formsthen they may not be indicative, cf. table-□ - night-□.

For all inanimate nouns (and such nouns in the language of about 80%), the genus is conditional, is in no way connected with off-language reality.

Among the animated noun - the names of individuals or animals, the genus is often associated with the gender of the designated being, Wed: mom - Dad, Son - Daughter, Cow - Bull. However, it is necessary to understand the difference between grammatical sign The genus and non-grid fest basis. So, in Russian there are animated medium-sized nouns ( child, animal), Nouns - the names of animals of the individuals of male and female are often called the same ( dragonfly, crocodile), among words - names of persons also do not always have the correspondence of the genus and gender. So, the word individual The female kind, although it can designate both a woman and a man (see, for example, at A. S. Pushkin: Someone wrote him from Moscow, which is known and I Especially must but enter into legitimate marriage with a young and beautiful girl).

The genus of comprehensive nouns

A certain difficulty represents the definition of the genus of comprehensive words (abbreviations) and the unclear nouns. The following rules are installed for them.

Generic characteristic abbrevia It depends on what type of this type of comprehensive word belongs.

The genus of abbreviations formed by the addition of initial parts ( zaughz), the initial part of the first word with the unsolved second ( sberbank) and the beginning of the first word with the beginning and / or the end of the second ( trade mission - trade mission), determined by the generic affiliation of the main in the original phrase of the word: good orgob, Russian OE TRADING, NEW SBERBANK.

The genus of abbreviations consisting of initial sounds ( GUM.) or letters ( MSU), as well as mixed type abbreviations, in which the initial part of the first word is connected to the first letters or the sounds of the remaining words ( glavk) is determined ambiguously. Initially, they also acquire the genus of the main word in the original phrase, for example, Bratsk-Aya Hes. However, in the process of use, the initial generic characteristic consistently retain only abbreviations from the first letters of the original phrase. Abbreviations, consisting of the first sounds, behave differently. Some of them acquire a generic characteristic in accordance with external species the words. So, words Bam, university, Foreign Ministry, NEP, registry office And some others became the words of a male race and acquired the opportunity to tend about II decline as nouns like house. Other ending on the consonant abbreviations with the rod word of the middle and female genus may be fluctuating: they may have a generic characteristic in accordance with the founding of the main word and not to be inclined ( in our His |) or, leaning, consumed as words of a male family ( in our housing). Abbreviations ending on a vowel sound are not inclined and mainly belong to the average ( our Rono - District Department of National Education).

Definition of inclined nouns

Unclear names of nouns , falling into Russian or forging in it, should acquire a generic characteristic that will only appear when choosing agreed with nouns, communion and verbs.

There are the following patterns of choosing such nouns of the generic characteristic: it depends on either the meaning of the word or from the genus of another Russian word, which is considered to be synonym or as a generic name for a given unchangeable word. For different groups of nouns, the leading are different criteria.

If the noun denotes the subject, it usually acquires the characteristic of the medium: coat, couch, metro. However, female kind avenue (as street), kohlrabi (since it is cabbage), coffee - with oscillation - male / medium, male race - penalty, Euro.

If the noun denotes the animal, then it usually refers to the male race: chimpanzee, Cockada. Exceptions: ivasi, Tsetse - female race (since selenka, Muha).

If the noun denotes the face, then its kind depends on the floor of this person: words monsieur, Kuturier male genus, as they denote men; the words madame, Mademoiselle female kind because they denote women, and words byzabi, incognito General kind, as men and women can be denoted.

If the noun denotes the geographical object, then its gene is determined by the genus of the Russian word, which denotes the type of object: Tbilisi male genus because it is city(masculine), Mississippi female kind like it river, Lesotho medium kind, since it is state. All this applies only to the words of the unclean, so Moscow - Noun is not a male race, but a female kind, although it is a city, as it is changeable.

See Litniewskaya E.I. Russian language: short theoretical course For schoolchildren

1. Independent parts of speech:

• nouns (see morphological norms SUB);
• verbs:
• • communion;
  • verbalia;
• adjectives;
• numeral;
• pronouns;
• adveria;

2. Speech parties:

• prepositions;
• unions;
• particles;

3. Interdomitia.

None of the classifications (by the morphological system) of the Russian language do not fall:

• there are no words and no, in case they act as an independent offer.
• introductory words: So, by the way, in the same way, as a separate offer, as well as a number of other words.

Morphological analysis of the existence

• the initial form in the nominative case, the only number (with the exception of nouns used only in the plural: scissors, etc.);
• own or nominal;
• animated or inanimate;
• genus (m, w, cf.);
• number (units, mn.);
• declination;
• case;
• syntactic role in the proposal.

Morphological Sewing Plan

"Kid drinks milk."

Kid (answering the question of who?) - the name of the noun;

• initial form - kid;
• permanent morphological signs: animated, nominal, concrete, male genus, I -HO decline;
• non-permanent morphological signs: nominative case, single;
• for syntactic analysis The proposals acts as a subject.

Morphological analysis of the words "milk" (answers the question of whom? What?).

• initial form - milk;
• constant morphological Characteristic of the word: medium kind, inanimate, real, nominal, II decline;
• changeable signs Morphological: accusative case, the only number;
• in the proposal direct addition.

We present another sample, how to make a morphological analysis of the noun, on the basis of a literary source:

"Two ladies ran up to a nuddle and helped him stand up. He began to shoot down the dust from the coat. (Example from:" Protection of Luzhina ", Vladimir Nabokov)."

Ladies (who?) - the name of the noun;

• initial form - lady;
• permanent morphological signs: a nominal, animated, concrete, female kind, I decline;
• non-permanent morphological Single characteristics: single, genitive case;
• syntactic role: part of the subject.

Nuzhin (to whom?) - Nouns name;

• initial form - LUZN;
• loyal morphological Characteristic of the word: name your own, animated, concrete, male genus, mixed decline;
• non-permanent morphological signs of a noun: the only number, a dutiful case;

Palm (what?) - the name of the noun;

• initial form - palm;
• permanent morphological signs: female genus, inanimate, nominal, concrete, I decline;
• non-permanent morpho. Signs: The only number, the Certificate case;
• syntactic role in context: addition.

Dust (what?) - noun name;

• initial form - dust;
• major morphological signs: a nominal, real, feminine kind, the only number, an animated is not characterized, III decline (noun with zero ending);
• non-permanent morphological Characteristic of the word: accusative case;
• syntactic role: addition.

(c) coat (where?) - noun;

• initial shape - coat;
• permanent correct morphological Characteristic of the word: inanimate, nominal, concrete, medium kind, unclear;
• morphological signs are non-permanent: the number by the context cannot be determined, the genitive case;
• syntactic role as a member of the sentence: Supplement.

Morphological analysis of adjective

The adjective name is a significant part of speech. Answers questions what? What? What? What kind? and characterizes signs or quality of the subject. Table of morphological signs of the adjective name:

• initial shape in the nominative case, the only number, male race;
• permanent morphological signs of adjectives:
• • discharge, according to the value:
  • • - high-quality (warm, silent);
    • - relative (yesterday, readable);
    • - Pretty (Hare, Mine);
  • the degree of comparison (for high-quality, which have a constant sign);
  • full / brief form (for high-quality, in which this feature is constant);
• non-permanent morphological signs of adjective:
• • qualitative adjectives change according to the degree of comparison (in comparative degrees Simple shape, in excellent - complicated): Beautiful-beautiful is the most beautiful;
  • full or short shape (only high-quality adjectives);
  • sign of kind (only in the singular);
  • number (consistent with nouns);
  • case (consistent with nouns);
• syntax role in the proposal: The adjective name is the definition or part of the composite name of the facility.

Morphological parsing plan

Example sentences:

Full moon rose over the city.

Full (what?) - The adjective name;

• the initial form is complete;
• permanent morphological signs of the adjective name: high-quality, full form;
• non-permanent morphological characteristic: in a positive (zero) comparison degree, female family (consistent with nouns), nominal case;
• according to syntactic analysis, a minor member of the sentence, performs the role of determination.

Here is another literary excerpt and morphological analysis of the adjective name, in the examples:

The girl was beautiful: slim, thin, blue eyes, like two amazing sapphire, and looked into your soul.

Beautiful (what?) - The name adjective;

• the initial form is beautiful (in this meaning);
• permanent morphological norms: high-quality, short;
• non-permanent signs: a positive degree of comparison, the only number, female;

Slender (what?) - the adjective name;

• the initial form is slim;
• permanent morphological signs: high-quality, complete;
• non-permanent morphological characteristic of the word: full, positive degree of comparison, the only number, female genus, nominative case;
• syntactic role in the sentence: part of the fant.

Thin (what?) - The name is adjective;

• the initial form is thin;
• morphological Permanent Signs: Qualitative, Full;
• non-permanent morphological characteristics of the adjective: positive degree of comparison, the only number, female family, the nominative case;
• syntactic role: part of the fad.

Blue (what?) - the adjective name;

• initial form - blue;
• table of permanent morphological signs of the adjective: qualitative;
• non-permanent morphological characteristics: complete, positive comparison degree, multiple, nominative case;
• syntactic role: definition.

Amazing (what?) Is the adjective name;

• the initial form is amazing;
• permanent signs of morphology: relative, expressive;
• non-permanent morphological attributes: multiple, genitive case;
• syntactic role in the sentence: part of the circumstance.

Morphological signs of verb

According to the morphology of the Russian language, the verb is independent part speech. It can designate an action (walk), property (chromium), attitude (equal), condition (rejoice), sign (whiten, rolling) object. The verbs answer the question of what to do? what to do? what is he doing? what have you been doing? Or what will happen? Different groups of verbal flowform are inherent inhomogeneous morphological characteristics and grammatical signs.

Morphological forms of verbs:

• the initial form of verb is an infinitive. It is also called an indefinite or immutable form of verb. Non-permanent morphological signs are absent;
• hidden (personal and impersonal) forms;
• unqualified forms: involved and ready.

Morphological analysis of verb

• initial form - infinitive;
• permanent morphological signs of verb:
• • transitivity:
  • • transitional (used with noun a vinitive case without an excuse);
    • non-optical (not used with nouns in the vinegenic case without an excuse);
  • return:
  • • returns (IS IS IT, I);
    • non-refundable (no, oh, he);
  • • imperfect (what to do?);
    • perfect (what to do?);
  • conjugation:
  • • I Hiding (Cause-Eat, Causes, Causes, Causes / UT);
    • II Hiding (STO-IS, STO-IT, STO-im, Stro-Ite, ST-YAT / AT);
    • different surgery verbs (want, run);
• non-permanent morphological signs of verb:
• • mood:
  • • reference: What did you do? What did you do? what is he doing? What will make?;
    • conditional: what would you do? What would you do?;
    • mandatory: Do!;
  • time (in the zealing ignition: the past / present / future);
  • face (in the present / future time, expressive and imperative challenge: 1 person: I / we, 2 PERSON: you / you, 3 face: he / they);
  • rod (last time, the only number, expressive and conditional inclination);
  • number;
• syntactic role in the proposal. Infinitive can be any member of the sentence:
• • to be sure to be today a holiday;
  • subject to: to study will always be useful;
  • supplement: All guests asked for it to dance;
  • determination: he had an insurmountable desire to eat;
  • circumstance: I went out to go.

Morphological leasing verb example

To understand the scheme, we will conduct a written writing of the verb morphology on the sentence example:

Raine somehow God sent a piece of cheese ... (Basnya, I. Krylov)

Sent (what did it?) - part of the speech verb;

• initial form - send;
• permanent morphological signs: perfect view, transitional, 1st lining;
• non-permanent morphological characteristic of verb: indicativelast time, male kind, single number;

Next online sample morphological parsing verb in the sentence:

What silence, listen.

Listen to (what do you do?) - verb;

• the initial form is to listen;
• morphological Permanent Signs: Perfect View, Earthless, Return, 1st Hiding;
• non-permanent morphological characteristic of the word: imperative mood, multiple, 2nd face;
• the syntactic role in the sentence: the failed.

The Morphological Plan of the verb online is free, based on an example of an entire paragraph:

It must be warmed.

Do not, let him know another time how to violate the rules.

What rules?

Wait, then I will say. Has entered! ("Golden Trank", I. Ilf)

Warning (what to do?) - verb;

• initial form - warning;
• morphological signs of verb permanent: perfect species, transitional, non-returnable, 1st lining;
• non-permanent morphology part of speech: infinitive;
• syntax function in the sentence: component faithful.

Let him know (what does it do?) - part of the speech verb;

• initial form - know;
• non-permanent verb morphology: imperative inclination, singular number, 3rd face;
• the syntactic role in the sentence: the failed.

Violate (what to do?) - word verb;

• initial form - violate;
• permanent morphological features: imperfect, non-returnable, transitional, 1 loss;
• non-permanent signs of verb: infinitives (initial form);
• syntactic role in the context: part of the fad.

Wait (what do you do?) - part of speech verb;

• initial form - wait;
• permanent morphological features: perfect species, non-returnable, transitional, 1 lingness;
• non-permanent morphological characteristic of the verb: imperative inclination, multiple number, 2nd person;
• the syntactic role in the sentence: the failed.

Entered (what did it go?) - verb;

• initial form - enter;
• permanent morphological signs: perfect species, non-returnable, non-repease, 1 loss;
• non-permanent morphological characteristic of the verb: past time, expressing inclination, the only number, male race;
• the syntactic role in the sentence: the failed.