Cities with favorable ecological conditions. Environmental card of Kazakhstan

For every person, health is the basis of an active and high-quality life, however ecological situation in modern cities, it causes irreparable harm to the physical and moral state of residents: it significantly reduces life expectancy, increases the risk of serious diseases, increases the burden on nervous system person.

Clean air, green spaces, no garbage, a separated industrial zone - such simple conditions that, unfortunately, are not provided everywhere in our country. However, not everything is bad everywhere, and there are settlements that have already succeeded in environmental matters. Below are some of the cleanest cities in Russia to be proud of.

Criteria for assessing the environmental situation

In order to assess the ecological state of the city, scientists conduct a series of studies, which are then formed into indicators.

One of the main ones is the importance of emissions of hazardous substances into the atmosphere. In every city there are factories and factories, many cars, boiler houses, even a person contributes to the pollution of the atmosphere every day, therefore, the less emissions, the cleaner the air.

Another important indicator is the number of green spaces per 1 citizen. In large cities, there should be at least 21 m 2. In cities where this norm is observed or exceeded, the air is cleaner, the amount of dust and dirt is reduced, and the noise level is reduced.

As criteria of the ecological situation, the following are also considered: radiation, light, noise pollution, areas under solid household waste.

Rating of clean cities in Russia with a population of up to 100 thousand people

Naturally, it is not scientifically correct to consider million-plus cities on a par with small towns, therefore it is customary to single out the most environmentally friendly settlements depending on the number of inhabitants. So, for example, the top ten among medium-sized cities included:

Beloretsk, which, despite the developed metallurgy and mechanical engineering, maintains a low level of emissions into the atmosphere.
Gorno-Altaysk is the capital of the Altai Republic and also the cleanest city in Russia, which is administrative center subject. The city is located in a gorge, there are practically no tall buildings and large industrial enterprises.
Mineralnye Vody is a resort city whose task is to keep the air, water and land clean, otherwise the healing effect of staying in this special climate will go away. The city is buried in greenery and is considered to be a beautiful and clean city of Russia.
Balakhna is a city in the Nizhny Novgorod region with a long history and many cultural monuments, which are now being restored and protected. There are no large industries in the city that can significantly pollute the atmosphere, and those that exist use new technologies.

The list of environmentally friendly cities in Russia with a population of up to 100 thousand people is headed by the Udmurt city of Sarapul, which is the second largest city in the region, and also has a large industrial base, but, despite this, the amount of atmospheric emissions is slightly lower than in similar settlements.

The top ten also includes cities: Velikiye Luki, Revda, Belorechensk, Glazov, Krasnokamsk.

Rating of clean cities in Russia with a population of up to 250 thousand people

Of interest are also cities in which the number of inhabitants is from 100 to 250 thousand (large).

For example, Obninsk, Kaluga Region, is a rapidly growing science city with a rich history and many attractions. The settlement is surrounded by green spaces.

Kislovodsk is a place of health improvement for many Russians and foreign tourists, the unique climate and the presence of health-improving resources allowed the city to create an extensive resort area. Solving the question, in which city of Russia fresh air, we can say that Kislovodsk is suitable for all criteria: special flora, mountainous atmosphere and good ventilation (the city is located in a gorge in the direction of the wind) - all this gives residents a particularly healthy air that fills every cell of the body.

A similar city with little air pollution, a huge green area and unique natural properties- Essentuki.

Nazran is a city in Ingushetia, in which there is an annual population growth, but the amount of emissions does not increase, since the climate here is mild, there is practically no heavy industry, and the main specialization is military.

Derbent occupies the 1st place among the large ecologically clean cities of Russia. Very ancient and beautiful city located in the foothills. Moderate climate, absence of large highways and large industrial centers make Derbent attractive for living from an environmental point of view.

In addition to those listed, the ecologically clean cities of Russia with a population of up to 250 thousand people include: Khasavyurt, Arzamas, Oktyabrsky, Novoshakhtinsk, Kaspiysk.

The cleanest large cities in Russia

Big cities in modern realities most often attract young people, because there are great prospects, there is where to develop, learn something new, and find a job easier.

Among the settlements with a population of up to 1 million people, it is worth highlighting the cleanest cities in Russia for living.

The bottom five lines are:

Yoshkar-Ola is a city in the Republic of Mari El, which is its capital. The settlement consists of 50% of urban forests, pastures, hayfields, garden and dacha cooperatives, which has an excellent effect on the air condition in the city. In addition, the city is surrounded by forests on all sides.
Tambov. Although there is heavy industry in the city, modern technologies and rational landscaping of territories allows you to maintain an ecological balance.
Saransk is a compact settlement with good natural characteristics. Active air circulation, a temperate climate allow timely attributing atmospheric pollution from mechanical engineering facilities, electric power industry, metallurgy, and utilities adequately cope with actual waste, which in combination allows Saransk to occupy a worthy ecological position.
Petrozavodsk is the capital city of the Republic of Karelia, which has hardly achieved modern ecological "success". Since the 90s, there has been an active re-equipment of all enterprises with modern equipment, which made it possible to reduce emissions by 8 times.
Vladikavkaz is a beautiful mountainous city with one of the largest zinc production facilities located on its territory. For a long time it was the main polluter of the settlement, but over the last 10 years it has been refurbished, and Vladikavkaz breathed freely, so much so that it entered the top of the most environmentally friendly.

Below are the major cities that are leaders in environmental terms

Kostroma

Kostroma is one of the cleanest cities in Russia, located just 344 kilometers from Moscow. The area of the city is about 144 km 2, the population is 277 thousand people, and the emissions are 22.6 thousand tons per year.

The main specialization of the settlement is the textile industry, in addition, there are mechanical engineering and processing enterprises.

The peculiarity of the city is its ancient origin (founded in 1152), it is included in the "Golden Ring of Russia", therefore tourism is an important field of activity. In order for guests to return here, it is necessary to maintain cleanliness, order and comfort. The efforts of the city authorities and the population are reflected in the fact that Kostroma is one of the five cleanest big cities in Russia.

Grozny

The capital city of the Chechen Republic - Grozny - is a major economic and cultural center. Occupies an area of 324 km 2, population - 291 thousand people.

The industry is mainly represented by the oil and engineering industries, but despite this, the annual emissions account for a relatively small percentage.

The cleansing of the city is due to its favorable position, mild climate, large green zone, as well as the responsibility of residents who not only honor their traditions, but also treat their place of residence with love, avoiding unnecessary waste.

Sochi

It is not surprising that the resort of the Krasnodar Territory entered the top three of the cleanest cities in Russia. Due to warm winters, there is practically no need for additional thermal power plants and boiler houses, which significantly pollute the atmosphere. The resort area is a special territory that is prohibited for the placement of many industrial enterprises that can worsen the ecological state.

It was Sochi that was chosen as the venue for the 2014 Olympics, one of the selection criteria for which was the environmental aspect.

The population is 411 thousand people, and they account for only 21.2 thousand tons of emissions per year, which is a low figure.

Taganrog

The Rostov city of Taganrog was founded in the 17th century as a port - a military base. The area is 95 km 2, the population is 250 thousand people. The city has a temperate climate.

Economic development is based on heavy industry - metallurgy, mechanical engineering - as well as agriculture and fishing.

There are many places of interest and, most importantly, green parks and squares that cleanse the city from dirt and dust, and sea winds carry atmospheric pollution outside the city. Thus, Taganrog produces 18 thousand tons of emissions per year.

Sevastopol

Sevastopol recently became part of Russia, but is already an example for everyone else. major cities... Only 10.4 thousand tons of emissions per year. Many will say that the industry is not yet fully developed there, and the climate is suitable, but nevertheless there is a merit in this and the residents who take good care of their homes: the city is clean, comfortable, there are a lot of green spaces. There are many recreational facilities in the city, both for children and adults.

Which cities are "outsiders" in terms of the environmental situation?

The third and second places are shared by two capitals - St. Petersburg and Moscow. These large metropolitan areas receive most of their pollution from automobile emissions, which account for more than 80% of the total waste mass. Smog in these settlements is constantly present in the sky. Among the population, lung diseases are found in every 4 residents of these cities.

Norilsk of the Krasnoyarsk Territory has been the leader in the rating of the dirtiest cities for many years. Its emissions into the atmosphere amount to almost 2000 thousand tons per year. Norilsk Nickel is a city-forming enterprise and an important company in the state, but it is he who is the main source of hazardous atmospheric pollution, which spreads not only to residents of the city, but to the entire region.

Any person strives to live in better conditions, so progress does not stand still, simplifying life through cars, household appliances and cheap energy. However, it is worth remembering that the medal also has back side, in view of which you have to pay for comfort not only with money, but also with your own health, because most megacities actively interact with industry, which causes environmental pollution. However, in the vastness of our boundless Motherland, there are several places where a person manages to live in harmony with nature, thereby significantly increasing the duration of his own life. We present to your attention the rating of the Top 10 Most Environmentally Friendly Cities in Russia in 2019, among which there are even cities with a population of over a million people.

10 Pskov

Despite 200 thousand inhabitants and close proximity to industrial facilities of federal significance, the air in this city remains clean. All this is thanks to forty hectares of green spaces, which play a decisive role in the formation of the city's ecosystem. The townspeople can enjoy the parks and forests all year round, thereby improving their own health. Due to the intactness of some corners of nature, locals may not leave the city in order to find themselves alone with the flora.

9 Smolensk

Smolensk was able to get to the ninth line of the ranking of the 10 most environmentally friendly cities in Russia in 2018, not only due to the abundance of vegetation, but also because of the quality of enterprises located in the city. The light industry, among which the food and jewelry industries are in the lead, are simply incapable of causing any special damage to the environment, and if you add four forest parks and ten gardens to this, then there is no need to talk about something harmful to the life and health of people.

8 Murmansk

This city plays into the hands of its status - for the most part it is a port, so the entire industry is concentrated in fishing and further processing. A clear plus is that forests make up half of the city's area, and on the outskirts of their concentration significantly exceeds the national average. For 15 years now, experts have noted tendencies towards an improvement in the environmental situation, even the city's only water canal, the Kola Bay, continues to remain crystal clear, which facilitates the work of utilities and allows fans of hardening to constantly improve their health, because its peak temperature is 10 degrees Celsius.

7 Nizhnevartovsk

In seventh place in the list of the cleanest cities in Russia in 2019, it occupies one of the most comfortable places to live in our homeland. Despite the fact that all enterprises are involved in the petrochemical industry, which causes colossal damage to the environment, the authorities have managed to induce the factories to adopt the most environmentally friendly production methods, and the streets are clean and teeming with greenery. We found the reason for this unusual situation in the financing of the city, because its budget exceeds the budget of the "Northern Capital".

6 Sochi

If before the Winter Olympics the resort town had few chances to get into our rating, then after it the town was completely transformed. In order not to lose face in front of foreign guests, the utilities cleaned it to a shine, turning an already successful resort into an exemplary one. Sochi also plays into the hands of the complete absence of enterprises in the heavy or processing industries, which, together with the abundance of green spaces and proximity to the sea, makes it one of the safest cities in Russia for life. Fortunately, the managers continued to maintain the European level of cleanliness after the sporting events, which significantly increases the interest in the resort at any time of the year. Although Sochi is not included in the Top 10 most the best cities for life in Russia in 2019, after the work carried out in it in preparation for the Olympics, it received a well-developed infrastructure and became very comfortable and clean.

5 Sarapul

At the equator of the top 10 ranking, the most environmentally friendly Russian cities 2019 is an example of the fact that even a small town with a population of one hundred thousand people, abundantly strewn with light industry enterprises and farms, can preserve an almost virgin nature. Due to the absence of factories and the mass of green spaces, the level of air pollution here is significantly below the permissible level. The main disadvantage is the discharge of waste into the only water canal, but the authorities are actively working on this issue, which allows residents to use clean water in everyday life that has passed through a lot of various filters, the condition of which is regularly monitored.

4 Derbent

Contrary to the notions of Muslim European settlements, the Dagestanis from this small town with a rich history managed to prove that they are extremely clean and respect their culture. You will have to make enough efforts to find an equally "polished" city, among those where the majority of the population are Slavs. Another advantage is the proximity of the city to the sea, which makes it a profitable resort, as well as the presence of exclusively food industry and small farms that do not have a strong negative impact on environment.

3 Taganrog

The three leaders among the most environmentally friendly cities in Russia for 2019 are opened by Taganrog - a unique example of combining heavy industry and a developed tourist environment. Despite the fact that factories cannot effectively dispose of hazardous waste, the Sea of Azov comes to their aid, with its ability to natural self-purification. The breezes also play an important role, allowing to compensate for the excessive dryness of the air. The city authorities set a course to clean up the city ten years ago and continue to carry out environmental measures, which has an extremely positive effect on the state of the environment.

2 Saransk

The vice-champion is a city that has never stopped striving to become more environmentally friendly. The first task was to modernize enterprises, which made it possible to reduce the emissions of their activities by 85%, thereby allowing residents to safely drink tap water, because thanks to the new filters it does not differ from boiled water in disinfection. The second step was the construction of bypass roads, because more than half of the nitrogen in the atmosphere was supplied by cars. The consistent implementation of these innovations has allowed the city to improve its own environmental performance by 60% over the past ten years, and this is not the limit.

1 Ufa

Ufa is the most environmentally friendly city in Russia in 2019. It is the only million-plus city on the chart. Despite the huge economic and cultural role in the development of our homeland, Ufa also did not forget about nature, here there are about 200 squares of fauna per inhabitant, and forests and parks occupy 30% of the total area of the city. The presence of clean streets, water and air in a city with such a huge population and developed industry, once again confirms that any place can become cleaner, all that is required is a clear action plan, high-quality work of utilities and a fairly high level of culture of the townspeople who are used to saving the place. where they live.

) from Dual Citizen, a data and communications company for green development, the greenest cities at the moment are:

Copenhagen, Denmark (rating - 99.98);
Stockholm, Sweden (99.72);
Vancouver, Canada (96.7)
Oslo, Norway (84.47);
Singapore (74.42);
New York, USA (74.31);
Berlin, Germany (72.59);
Helsinki, Finland (71.51);
Paris, France (69.53);
Tokyo, Japan (69.5).

Environmentally problematic cities

Unfortunately, the above environmental measures, as a rule, can be afforded by countries with a high level of economic development, which make up a smaller part of the inhabited area of the Planet. There are many more places in the world with a critical level of environmental pollution, from which millions of people die every year. It will not be superfluous in this article to give examples of cities that are not the best place to live, but despite this, many of them are million-plus cities.

In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) in cities for particulate matter that is so small that it can enter the lungs and cause serious health problems. It was found that more than 80% of all urban areas in the world have air pollution levels above established norms. Between 2008 and 2013, global urban air pollution levels increased by 8%. The most dangerous particles for humans are PM2.5 with a diameter of less than 2.5 microns, which are found in soot, smoke and dust. The concentration of these particles in the air begins to become a major health problem when there is more than 35.5 μg of PM2.5 per cubic meter air according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency. But the World Health Organization recommends to maintain annually average level PM2.5 is three times lower.

So, the 2016 report on urban air pollution names the following cities as the most dangerous to life:

Zabol, Iran - PM2.5 content for 2012 is 217 μg / m 3;
Gwalior, India - PM2.5 content for 2012 176 μg / m 3;
Allahabad, India - PM2.5 content for 2012 is 170 μg / m 3;
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia - PM2.5 content for 2014 is 156 μg / m 3;
Al-Jubail, Saudi Arabia - PM2.5 content for 2014 152 μg / m 3;
Patna, India - PM2.5 content for 2013 is 149 μg / m 3;
Raipur, India - PM2.5 content for 2013 144 μg / m 3;
Bamenda, Cameroon - PM2.5 content for 2012 132 μg / m 3;
Xingtai, China - PM2.5 content for 2014 is 128 μg / m 3;
Baoding, China - 2014 PM2.5 content 126 μg / m 3.

Unfortunately, the list goes on and on. According to WHO estimates, published in 2014, in 2012 more than 7 million people in the world died from air pollution. Regionally leading Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific, where 3.3 million deaths are attributable to indoor air pollution and 2.6 million deaths attributable to outdoor air pollution.

The main diseases caused by external air pollution are:

40% - coronary heart disease;
40% - stroke;
11% - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD);
6% - lung cancer;
3% - acute lower respiratory tract infections in children.

The main diseases caused by indoor air pollution are:

34% - stroke;
26% - coronary heart disease;
22% - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD);
12% - acute lower respiratory tract infections in children;
6% - lung cancer.

Summing up

I would like to wish everyone to live in decent, environmentally friendly conditions, beautiful green space around and harmony with the surrounding world. But do not rely on someone in the hope that the world will change for the better. Take the first step towards improving your relationship with nature, a healthy and sustainable lifestyle in the style of respect for all life on this planet. Our practical for every day, as well as articles on the site can help you with this. And may all living beings be happy! 🙂

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The cleanest country in the world is Switzerland- the state-leader in solving issues of environmental pollution control and problems with natural resources... The dirtiest country on the planet Iraq... But this is only for the state of the environment today. In the ranking of trends in the development of the environmental situation over the past 10 years, the shameful last place is taken by Russia... While the leading country in terms of environmental improvement from 2000 to 2010 is Latvia... The ranking of the cleanest and dirtiest countries in the world with the index of well-being of environmental trends in 2012 was Yale and Columbia Universities.

Top ten environmentally friendly countries included, in addition to Switzerland, which took first place, small states and major European powers: Latvia (2nd place), Norway (3rd place), Luxembourg (4th place), Costa Rica (5th place), France (6th place), Austria (7th place), Italy (8th place), Great Britain and Northern Ireland (9th place), Sweden (10th place). The rating once again proved the difference between the ecology of developed and developing countries (5th place in Costa Rica and 49th in the USA - an exception to the rule). However, according to Western experts, the point is not at all that the major European powers are transferring all their harmful industries to the poor countries of the world. It is about the size of GDP per capita, as well as investments in basic environmental goods (people's access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation). Developing countries are still on the path to ensuring high level life of its population, as well as the transition to more sustainable processes of production and consumption.

Top ten countries with the worst ecology , in addition to Iraq, which ranked last, included: Turkmenistan (131st place), Uzbekistan (130th place), Kazakhstan (129th place), South Africa (128th place), Yemen (127th place), Kuwait (126th place), India (125th place) , Bosnia and Herzegovina (124th place), Libya (123rd place). The greatest concern among health experts is the ecological situation in China (116th place) and in India, since these countries are home to 1/3 of the world's population. Already, air pollution in the Middle Kingdom is the biggest threat to the health of its inhabitants. As an English newspaper writes The guardian, « the incidence of lung cancer in Chinese cities in 2-3 times higher than in rural areas, despite the fact that they smoke equally there and there". Health experts predict that polluted air will kill every year by 2050 3.6 million human. And most of these deaths will occur in India and China.

Photo from the site "RIA Novosti"

6 of the dirtiest countries in the world are also in the Top 10 countries with extremely negative environmental trends (right column in the general table). The worst results in changing the environmental situation from 2000 to 2010, as mentioned above, were shown by Russia. Kuwait is in second place in this black list, Saudi Arabia is in third, followed by Bosnia and Herzegovina, Estonia, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Iraq, South Africa, and Turkmenistan closes the top ten outsiders. According to the conclusion of Western experts, Russia has shown the worst tendencies in the environmental situation due to critically low indicators in the field of environmental protection. The population of the Russian Federation uses the country's weak environmental legislation, which results in such problems as exceeding all permissible norms for fishing and deforestation. The only environmental indicator that has improved in Russia over the past 10 years is the amount of sulfur dioxide emissions. Oddly enough, it has decreased.

The position of our country and the nine countries of the world that have joined it looks especially sad against the background of the other participants in the rating. The vast majority of states have improved their environmental performance in the period from 2000 to 2010. Top Trends showed Latvia, in second place - Azerbaijan, in third - Romania, followed by Albania, Egypt, Angola, Slovakia, Ireland, Belgium and Thailand.

Each of the 132 countries participating in the ranking was rated by 22 parameters, including: the detrimental effect of the environment on public health, the impact of polluted air and polluted water on human health, the impact of polluted atmosphere and water resources on ecosystems, the state of forests, the scale of fishing and agriculture, climate change and much more.

Environmental card of Russia:

Environmental card of Ukraine:

Environmental card of Belarus:

Environmental card of Kazakhstan:

Environmental card of Moldova:

The negative situation in the Russian economy did not critically affect the domestic tourism industry. For those wishing to relax in the country, information on the most environmentally friendly clean cities Russia.

The use of new technologies in sewage treatment plants and a significant reduction in enterprises in the country helped to add the attractiveness of certain places for tourists. However, the detrimental effect of human life on nature still remains. What are the 10 cleanest cities in the Russian Federation?

The environment of our country as a technologically developed state continues to suffer from harmful industries. Pernicious influence anthropogenic pollution of its shells exerts on the Earth:

lithosphere;
hydrospheres;
biosphere;
atmosphere.

Most people on the planet are aggressive towards nature, and Russians are no exception. As a result, our state has firmly strengthened its position among the leaders of the polluted world powers. And this is despite our huge forests, which make up 45% of the entire territory of the country.

By the way, about the forest. Large-scale taiga fires contribute to higher carbon levels, which invariably worsen the climate. In some way, forest conservation optimization is to blame.

Energy production and the environment

Among the most harmful industries are thermal power plants and central boiler houses. Using organic minerals as fuel: coal and peat, as well as recyclable fuel oil, CHP and Central Heating Plants saturate the air with solid particles and greenhouse gases.

This entails thermal pollution. As a result, acid rains can occur over nearby territories, making a devastating contribution to the change in the microclimate of the region.

Pollution of water and reservoirs

Water primarily reflects the ecological state of the region. Scientists have found a connection: the worse the water quality, the more people sick. This is especially true for large metropolitan areas based on river banks.

Such settlements are oversaturated with industrial enterprises that poison reservoirs with poisonous effluents. In addition, water penetrates deep into the soil, saturating the soil and underground sources with toxic elements.

Household waste

Rubbish in last years stood on a par with the main pollutants of the country. A significant part of the waste does not decompose. During this period, such accumulations amount to billions of tons in all regions of the country.

In each constituent entity of the Russian Federation, many unauthorized dumps are organized, the number of which continues to grow rapidly. Chaotic waste storage makes fertile land unusable. At the same time, landfills grow not only from household waste, but also from industrial waste, which can be radioactive.

If the state does not come to its senses and does not start actively promoting a rational attitude to the environment, then our children and grandchildren will get a sad legacy. Waste processing plants are beginning to appear in the country, and the number of emissions of toxic gases into the atmosphere is gradually decreasing. Time will show whether the course of Russia's environmental policy will be effective.

Top 10 most environmentally friendly cities in Russia

To assign the city a degree of ecological cleanliness, scientists conduct a series of studies, from which indicators are then formed. The most significant analysis is the calculation of emissions of hazardous substances into the atmosphere. Among the daily active pollutants, the following sources stand out:

Plants and factories.
Transport vehicles.
Central boiler rooms.
People.

When assessing the ecology of Russian cities, the area with green spaces per person is necessarily taken into account. For example, in large cities, the norm is 21 m² for each citizen. Compliance with this standard or its exceeding guarantees cleaner air, reduced amount of dirt and dust, and less noise in the urban environment.

In the study of ecology, the criteria of sound, light, radiation pollution are also taken into account. The state of the soil under household waste is analyzed. The obtained data are submitted to the administration of the settlement for environmental protection measures.

The capital of Mari-El bears the unspoken name "Green City". There are many forests around it, as well as many parks and squares in the city itself. Among the most visited recreation areas are the pine and oak groves.

The water in the Malaya Kokshaga River, which flows through the center of the capital, is not of very good quality. Numerous municipal wastewaters from household and industrial facilities flow into its channel. In addition, the treatment facilities have not changed for a long time.

Yoshkar-Ola is full of various enterprises, among which there are three branches:

chemical and pharmaceutical;
engineering;
woodworking.

Most of them are located in industrial areas, in the south and in the city center. People prefer to have their own vehicles, the number of which is growing from year to year. As a consequence, it increases the amount of harmful particles in the air.

In the central part of the city there are buildings of culture and art, as well as the administration of Yoshkar-Ola. In addition, in the central part there are several state universities and University of Technology... Visitors will be able to see buildings from different periods, including merchant houses of the 19th century and buildings in the Art Nouveau style.

The city is full of Khrushchev, "Stalin", improved planning. The main street is Sovetskaya. It houses many shops, cafes and offices.

For several years in a row, scientists have awarded Tambov one of the places in the ranking of the top 10 cleanest Russian cities. Moreover, the annual pollution of harmful substances in the atmosphere is almost 25.5 thousand tons. Among the perpetrators of the damage are the same industrial enterprises, with the following emission indicators:

28% - food industry;
20% - energy;
18.7% - mechanical engineering;
8% - chemical production.

An important role was played by new measures of economic incentives and control of environmental protection activities, including payments for environmental management (discharges, emissions, waste storage) and an increase in liability for violation of environmental legislation.

Example: JSC Pigment has modernized the system for capturing sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid vapors, hydrogen chloride, nitrogen oxides and others. Thanks to this, emissions of harmful substances were reduced by 3.5 times, from 1,500 to 400 tons / year.

There are more than a dozen parks for recreation with green spaces in Tambov. The city regularly holds specialized improvement events, and 2016 became the "Year of the Environment".

More recently, a plant for processing waste into granules was built in Tambov. Most of this was achieved with the help of local environmentalists.

8. Saransk

The capital of Mordovia with a population of over 314 thousand also has many industrial enterprises that “systematically” polluted the environment. Since the city was founded on both banks of the Insar River, the waterway received the greatest degree of pollution. At one time, it was even included in the ranking of the most polluted rivers in Europe.

During this period, the ecological situation in Saransk began to improve. The positive effect was achieved thanks to the modernization of technical facilities and the introduction of new treatment facilities. Fish began to reappear in the river.

The total amount of emissions from production does not exceed 24.5 tons per year. But the problem of the negative impact of vehicles on the environment remains acute.

The most important source of pollution with Soviet period the plant "Tyazhbummash" remained, today it does not work at full power and leasing out most of its premises. From now on, the total mass of atmospheric pollution does not exceed 23.5 thousand tons. Scientists have recorded that the ecological situation in Petrozavodsk has improved eight times over the post-Soviet period.

For reference. Petrozavodsk is experiencing the dominance of vehicles, as residents of the republic come to the capital, wanting to find good earnings and start a new life here.

6. Vladikavkaz

The capital of North Ossetia - Alania is also at the epicenter of economic problems. The reduction of industrial enterprises made the republic poor. But along with this, the environmental situation has improved significantly.

There remains the only pollutant that cannot afford to install modern treatment facilities - this is the Electrozinc enterprise, founded in 1906 by Belgian entrepreneurs. Worn out, still Soviet, equipment, causes numerous accidents, the most tragic of which was the release of sulfur oxide on October 5, 2009. Then a gray shroud of a poisonous cloud hung over the city.

The main pollutants also include old cars, of which there are a lot in the republic.

5. Kostroma

The city with almost a thousand-year history is included in the famous Golden Ring. Despite its long existence, the industry of Kostroma was not developed on a large scale. The only serious source of pollution is the Fanplit production plant.

And so the city is located in a good landscape area and is surrounded by forests, lakes and small rivers.

The environmental indicator is spoiled by the Volga flowing through the city. It carries in its waters pollution received upstream from chemical plants.

Now on the territory of Kostroma there are 143 territories with green spaces. According to a specialist in the field industrial ecology Alexander Glushchenko, the number of landscaped objects in the city will regularly grow.

The Chechen capital has gone through hard times in the nineties of the last century. Virtually the entire legacy of Soviet industry was destroyed. During this period, subsidies from the federal budget are sufficient for the maintenance of the population.

Investments are needed to develop the economy, but investors are frightened off by the militarized mood of the people. As a result, there are practically no industrial enterprises in the city and the atmosphere is not polluted. However, about 22 thousand tons of emissions are still generated by three organizations:

Transmash;
Grozneftegaz;
Electropult-Terrible.

Another source that adversely affects the ecological situation in the city is the lack of sewerage systems in many of its districts.

And also after the rapid restoration of the city and the whole of Chechnya, an unthinkable amount of construction waste has accumulated on the territory. The problem with household landfills continues to grow.

Some compare the present situation in Chechnya with post-war Vietnam. There was also heavy pollution there, and in addition to everything, people were experiencing the consequences of chemical attacks. During this period, the ecological situation in the republic is within normal limits.