The main reason for desertification is. Combating land desertification and drought

A.G. Ambrumova calls any internal and external forms mental acts, guided by the idea of ​​taking one's own life. According to the concept of the 1980s-1990s, suicidal behavior is a consequence of the socio-psychological maladjustment of the individual in the conditions of the microsocial conflict she is experiencing. Suicidal behavior is a broad concept and, in addition to suicide, includes suicidal attempts, attempts and manifestations.

There are several classifications of suicidal behavior. The first classification was proposed by E. Durkheim and does not lose its relevance at the present time. He proposed three types of suicidal behavior. ...

Lnomic - associated with crisis situations life, personal tragedies. Most common in mentally healthy people... It manifests itself as a personality reaction to insurmountable life difficulties, frustrating events. It should be noted here that a suicidal fact in itself cannot indicate the presence or absence of a person mental disorders... This type of behavior must be considered as a method of psychological response, chosen by a person depending on the value and significance of the event. The reaction or response can be either adequate or inadequate. It is adequate if the stimulus, that is, the event may be difficult or impossible for any person due to its moral and physical manifestations, and may be inadequate if the suicidal reaction does not correspond to the stimulus.

Abnormal suicidal behavior is common in people with severe and chronic somatic diseases accompanied by severe pain syndrome, for example, cancer patients. And also, when a person is placed in the conditions of choosing to commit an immoral act or an action that disgusts him because of his ethical or aesthetic worldviews. Anomalous suicide is most often inherent in a society with uncontrollable needs.

The next type of suicidal behavior is altruistic, committed for the benefit of others. It also follows from the personal structure of the individual, personality, which puts, first of all, the good of the people of society and the state. This type occurs in people oriented to high ideas, living in the public interest and do not consider their own life in isolation from the people around them and society. Altruistic suicides are committed by both mentally healthy and sick persons who, for example, are in a state of religious frenzy or who die for delusional motives of "the common good."

The third type is "egoistic", caused by a conflict that is formed in connection with the unacceptability for a particular individual of social requirements, norms of behavior imposed by society on a person. Usually it arises in response to excessive demands from others. The decision to part with life occurs due to the impossibility of living in conditions of pressure and control from both relatives and relatives, and society as a whole. This behavior is most often a global position in relation to the surrounding world as a whole, and not to any specific situations. Quite often, it occurs in persons with character pathology, accentuations and personality disorders, who feel loneliness and alienation, lack of understanding and lack of demand.

French psychiatrist L. Michaud (1964) identified five types of suicidal behavior: impulsive, hyperemotive, depressive, paranoid and schizophrenic. And also three types of suicidal blackmail: true, affective and impulsive. However, this classification is difficult for practical use, since the criteria for distinguishing between different types are not clear enough, and there is no single principle of their selection.

According to A.E. Lichko, suicidal behavior in adolescents is demonstrative, affective and true. A.E. Lichko distinguishes between three types of suicidal behavior: demonstrative, affective, true.

Demonstrative behavior is acting out "theatrical" scenes depicting attempts at suicide, without any intention of actually committing suicide, sometimes with the expectation that they will be rescued in time. All actions are taken with the aim of attracting or regaining lost attention to oneself, to pity, arouse sympathy, and get rid of impending troubles. Or, finally, to punish the offender by turning the indignation of others on him, or to cause him serious trouble. The place where the demonstration takes place usually testifies to who it is addressed to. At home - to relatives, in the company of peers - to one of its members, when arrested - to the authorities and the like.

Affective suicidal behavior, most often, occurs at the height of passion, which can last only minutes, and sometimes, due to a tense situation, hours or even a day. At such a moment, the thought usually flashes to part with life and, nevertheless, there is usually a greater or lesser component of the demonstrative in these situations. There is a whole gamut of transitions from an impromptu suicidal performance at the height of passion to one that is almost devoid of any demonstratively true, albeit fleeting desire to commit suicide. In the first case, we are talking about demonstrative behavior, but unfolding against the background of affect, in the second case, this attempt can be framed by demonstrative actions in order for death to make an impression (in fact, this can also be a true attempt that can be committed at the height of an affective reaction , for example, intrapunitive type).

The third is true suicidal behavior. There is usually a deliberate, mature intention to commit suicide. Behavior is structured so that the suicidal attempt at personality manifestation is effective, and its actions are completed, that is, do not interfere. The scraps left usually contain ideas of self-incrimination, and the scraps are addressed more often to oneself than to others, and are intended to relieve those close to them from accusations.

E. Shire identifies the following types of suicidal behavior in adolescents: deliberate, irresistible, ambivalent, impulsive and demonstrative. The first two types, according to the author, are extremely rare in adolescents (less than 1%); the third, fourth and fifth types, respectively, in 25.18 and 56.3%. ...

In modern literature, especially in Western literature, the concepts of "self-destructive" or "self-destructive" behavior are widespread. A.G. Ambrumova, not without reason, believes that there are a number of mutually transient forms of self-destructive behavior, extreme point which is suicide. ...

Along with suicidal behavior, self-destructive behavior includes the abuse of alcohol, drugs, medication, as well as smoking, deliberate work overload, stubborn reluctance to receive treatment, risky driving; on motor vehicles, especially drunk driving and driving. In a broader sense, some religious rituals accompanied by self-torture and victims, cruel exploitation, wars, that is, all those actions that lead to the individual or mass self-destruction of people, are considered auto-aggressive actions. ...

E Grollman, analyzing the problem of self-destructive behavior, distinguishes direct and indirect suicides. Direct suicide, according to E. Grollman, is the deliberate deprivation of life.

V.A. Tikhonenko defines five types of suicidal behavior or 5 types of leading motives. ...

One of the above motives for suicide usually acts as a leader, others may join him or be absent. One or another type of suicidal behavior is manifested depending on the age, personality type of the suicide, and also the situation provoking suicide.

1. Suicidal behavior of the "protest" type involves harm, revenge on the offender, that is, on the one who is considered the cause of the suicidal act: "I am taking revenge on you, you will be worse from my death." Such an attempt presupposes sthenism, aggression, mechanisms of switching from heteroaggression to autoaggression work. It occurs more often in young men (from 18 to 30 years old), is motivated interpersonally, conflicts are most often residential, of an acute nature. The presuicidal period is short, the attempt is made in the form of self-cuts or in front of others, and up to 80% of cases are intoxicated. Mental condition is defined as an acute psychopathic reaction - hysterical or explosive with the affect of resentment and anger. "Revenge" is a specific form of protest, causing damage to a hostile environment. The meaning of suicide in this case consists in a negative impact on the objective link. It is assumed that there is high self-esteem and self-worth, an active or aggressive position of the individual with the mechanism of transformation of heteroaggression into autoaggression.

2. Suicidal behavior of the "call" type - the meaning is to activate help from the outside in order to change the situation. At the same time, the position of the individual is passive. It also occurs more often in young people from 18 to 30 years old, but women predominate. Suicide is usually committed in the evening, more often by self-poisoning. It occurs acutely or subacutely, the mental status of a suicide is defined as reactive depression with the experience of resentment, self-pity, despair. It is more common in psychopathic personalities of the asthenic-depressive circle. Like protest, conscriptive suicidal behavior is usually characteristic of persons with an infantile personality, which is characterized by egocentrism, negativism, and emotional instability.

3. Suicidal behavior of the "avoidance" type - manifests itself in situations of threat of punishment, and the meaning of suicide consists in attempts to avoid the threat or in anticipation of mental or physical suffering. Typical for seniors age groups, suicide is committed by men and women over 30 years old - usually disabled, divorced and widowed, more often in a sober state in the morning by self-hanging, self-poisoning. If alcohol is taken, then after the decision to commit suicide. The presuicidal period is more extended in time.

4. Suicidal behavior of the "self-punishment" type - is determined by feelings of real guilt, or is it a pathological feeling of guilt. Self-punishment can be defined as a protest in the inner plane of the individual with a kind of splitting of "I", where there is "I" - the defendant and "I" - the judge. The meaning of self-punishment suicides has different shades in cases of "destruction of the enemy" (the position of the judge) and "atonement" (the position of the defendant). There are few people with disabilities among suicides; women with a sufficiently high educational and social social level married. Suicide occurs more often in the morning and very rarely in drunkenness. The presuicidal period is long, and suicide is committed in a violent way.

5. Suicidal behavior of the type of "refusal" of life - here the goal and motives of the activity completely coincide. The motive is the renunciation of existence, and the goal is to take one's own life: "I am dying to die." This type of suicide is associated with the loss of the personal meaning of one's existence (for example, due to the loss of a significant loved one, due to a serious illness, especially an incurable one) and the inability to perform the previous, highly significant roles. A motive such as refusal is often characteristic of very mature, deep personalities and can express not only an attitude towards a personally unbearable situation, but also a philosophically pessimistic attitude towards the world as a whole. Such suicide is more often committed by men over 40, in a sober state, in the early morning hours. This type of suicidal behavior is also observed with subdepression, cyclothymia, fur-like schizophrenia and in persons with psychopathies of the asthenic circle.

In the literature, the issue of suicide in practically healthy people during periods of experiencing any stress, frustration, acute conflict episodes, and more broadly, a psychological crisis, has been poorly elucidated.

A.G. Ambrumova distinguishes suicide (true suicides) and suicide attempts (incomplete suicides). They introduced into practice the classification of non-pathological suicidal situational reactions that occur in mentally healthy individuals in a state of socio-psychological maladjustment of the personality in conditions of microsocial conflict. Situational reaction is understood as a modus of personality behavior, determined by its position, proceeding from its own concept of a given situation. It is a formalized structured response to a situational load with an emotionally colored state and behavior corresponding to it. The type, type, direction and structure of reactions determine the characteristics of a person's personality, and the significance for a person, a given situation is very important. Hence, different individuals have different reactions to similar situations. ...

A pessimistic situational reaction is a distinct change in attitude with a gloomy worldview, negative judgments and assessments, with a restructuring of the value system. The risk of suicide is very high.

The reaction of a negative balance is characterized by a rational summing up of life results, a pessimistic assessment of the past and the future, a firm decision not to live. The risk of suicide is very high.

The reaction of disorganization is based on an alarming component, pronounced somatovegetative manifestations, often of the type of crises, sleep disturbances. This reaction is characterized by "loss of a fulcrum". The reaction comes with a distress signal, a high suicidal risk. Possible exit in the rapid implementation of suicide.

The reaction of emotional imbalance - there is a distinct prevalence of the range of dysthymic mood disorders, a reduction in the circle of social contacts. The risk of suicide is moderate.

The demobilization reaction is characterized by abrupt changes in the sphere of contacts, a painful experience of loneliness and hopelessness. It is characterized by mental discomfort, a feeling of rejection.

The reaction of the opposition is characterized by a pronounced extrapunitive position of the individual, an increasing degree of aggressiveness, an increasing sharpness of negative assessments of others and their activities. The suicidal risk is medium.

The reaction of egocentric switching is a personality reaction to acutely arising, short-term conflicts that begin with affective experiences, but quickly generalize, covering all levels of mental activity.

Psychological reactions - their essence is the feeling of mental pain. There is a narrowing of the motivational and communicative spheres. Suicidal behavior is aimed at getting rid of suffering.

Reactions of negative interpersonal relationships. They manifest themselves in a situation of interpersonal conflicts with fixation on a significant friend. The presuicidal period is longer than with other reactions. The degree of risk is uncertain, since there are genuine and demonstrative attempts, the purpose of which is to inform the source of the conflict about suicidal intentions.

Usually, the duration of non-pathological situational reactions in mentally healthy individuals varies from several days to three months with a complete gradual return of the individual to the previous socio-psychological status.

Yu. Vagin (1999, 2001) introduced the concept of avital activity. Vital activity, characteristic of most people, includes the instinct of self-preservation, sexual, parental instincts. Avital activity includes suicidal and destructive activity. Destructive activity is a decrease in social activity and addictive behavior. Suicidal activity is a mental and behavioral activity aimed at a conscious cessation of one's own biological existence. ...

The emergence of various concepts of suicide was accompanied by the advancement of appropriate classifications. We will use the typological model adopted in the Department of Crisis Conditions of the Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry. It is built on the basis of psychological theory activities and the concept of suicide as a consequence of the socio-psychological maladjustment of the individual in the conditions of the microsocial conflict experienced. ...

Actually suicidal behavior is called any internal and external forms of mental acts, guided by the idea of ​​depriving oneself of life.

Those cases where life-threatening actions are not associated with conscious ideas about their own death, constitute a wide zone of self-destructive activity, adjacent to the suicidal sphere, but which is not such in the literal sense. This classification can be presented in the form of a table (see table 1).

Table 1. Classification of suicidal behavior.

And now in more detail on each item.

The presuicidal period lasts from the appearance of antivital experiences to the implementation of a suicidal attempt, it can be acute (seconds and minutes) and chronic (days, months, years). There are two types of presuicidal period: affectively tense, when the intensity of emotional experiences is high. And affectively reduced, when there is predictable behavior, passive consent to death.

Anti-vital experiences - reflections on the lack of value in life, there are no clear ideas about one's own death, but there is a denial of life.

Expectation syndrome - there is no lack of interest in life in general, life is not like the way it is.

Lack of interest in life - loss of hope, loss of mind and physical strength, immunity.

Passive suicidal thoughts are characterized by ideas, fantasies about their death, but not about taking their own lives. An example is the statements: "It would be nice to die, fall asleep and not wake up" and the like, the conscious desire to die without making any attempts.

Suicidal plans - an active form of suicidality, mental activity associated with the idea of ​​the possibility and desirability of ending life; ways of suicide, time and place of action are thought out.

Suicidal intentions involve joining the intentions of the volitional component, making a decision. Suicidal intentions and intentions are designated as suicidal tendencies.

Suicidal readiness - "calm before the storm, decision-making syndrome" symptoms of this period: interest in efficiency medicines, gifts to loved ones, farewell speeches, actions incompatible with further social functioning.

Suicidal threats - verbal designation of suicidal thoughts, tendencies, readiness.

A suicidal attempt is a purposeful operation with the means of depriving oneself of life, which did not end in death, actually suicidal behavior. It takes place in two phases. The first is reversible, when the object itself can stop trying, the second is irreversible.

Suicidal attempts can be:

1) true - suicidal attempt, aimed at ending life;

2) demonstrative - imitation of a suicidal model of behavior, do not have a focus on ending life;

3) affective - an auto-aggressive intrapunitive reaction. According to the choice of means and external circumstances, it can take the form of both a true and a demonstrative attempt, however, this is an independent type of suicidal behavior. At the height of passion, in a state of narrowed consciousness, the consequences of one's own actions are poorly evaluated. Affective suicidal execution is characterized by quick decision-making and rather quick, sometimes instantaneous execution. The dominant motive is "do something to yourself."

The emergence of a suicidal goal and its further transformation into an independent motive with an incentive force is determined by the situation of conflict in maladjusted persons, that is, by an obstacle to the satisfaction of an urgent need.

The post-suicidal period is subdivided in time:

1) the next post-suicide - 1 week;

2) early post-suicide - up to 1 month;

3) late post-suicide - up to 6 months.

After committing a suicide attempt in the next post-suicide, there are three main components:

1) the relevance of the conflict;

2) the degree of fixation of suicidal tendencies;

3) the peculiarities of the attitude to the perfect attempt.

On this basis, it is customary to distinguish four types of post-suicidal states:

1. Critical:

A) The conflict has lost its significance, suicide has led to a release of tension.

B) There is no suicidal motive.

C) The attitude towards the perfect attempt is a feeling of shame and fear. Understanding that this does not change the situation will not resolve the situation. The probability of repetition is minimal.

2. Maypulative:

A) The relevance of the conflict has diminished due to the beneficial effect on others.

C) Attitude - a slight feeling of shame and fear of death. Clearly reinforcing this behavior in order to achieve its goals. The likelihood of a recurrence is high.

3. Analytical:

A) The conflict is still relevant.

B) There are no suicidal tendencies.

C) Attitude - repentance. Search for other solutions. The likelihood of repetition increases if no other way of resolving the conflict is found.

4. Suicidal - fixed:

A) The conflict is relevant.

B) Suicidal tendencies persist.

C) The attitude towards suicide is positive.

As somatic complications are eliminated, the following are highlighted: the elimination of a conflict situation, the development of adequate attitudes, an increase in tolerance to psychogenic influences, the elimination of psychopathological products.

It should be borne in mind that the largest share of repeated attempts, including repeated ones, falls on groups with manipulative post-suicides, the smallest - with critical ones. It turns out that out of suicides with manipulative post-suicides, almost every second attempts are made, while every fifth of suicides with analytical post-suicides makes repeated attempts. ...

The absence of a direct relationship between the authenticity of suicidal intentions and the objective danger of actions taken to kill oneself has cast doubt on the very division of suicides into "true" and "untrue". It turned out that the words "true" and "serious" are by no means synonymous in this context. An attempt may be true, from the point of view of the subject's intentions to part with life, and not serious in terms of the danger of the actions taken by the subject, which he may subjectively consider as life-threatening.

The category of suicidal behavior also includes suicidal fakes or imitation of suicide (for example, a simulation of self-hanging, or deliberately exaggerating the dose of drugs taken in order to mislead others and fake suicide). Practice shows that this kind of behavior in the future often leads to a true suicidal action, especially in cases where the forgery of suicide was exposed.

It is extremely difficult to differentiate between true and demonstrative attempts in adolescents, therefore, for the practical prevention of repeated suicides, it is recommended to consider all attempts as true.

Children do not have an understanding of death, so it is recommended to consider both suicidal attempts and completed suicides as accidents. ...

Factors of increased suicidal risk include:

Previous attempts at suicide;

Suicidal tendencies, threats (direct or veiled);

Post-suicidal period (2% complete suicide within a year about the time of the previous attempt, 10% die under other circumstances, 50% repeat the attempt);

A period of acute grief;

External or internal crisis;

Participation in emergency situations, terrorist attacks, disasters;

Participation in hostilities, ethnic conflicts;

Adolescence;

Belonging to a group of sexual minorities, or other marginalized groups.

There are extrapersonal and intrapersonal factors of suicidal risk. Extrapersonal factors include socio-economic, family and other environmental factors.

Intrapersonal: - biological, medical and personal factors. ...

Separately, it is necessary to highlight the risk factors for the completion of suicide:

Early post-suicidal period;

The use of the most dangerous or unusual means and methods of suicide, in which the probability of rendering timely and effective medical care minimal;

A carefully crafted suicide plan;

Uncontrollable suicidal tendencies (persistent desire to die);

Repeated suicidal attempts in the past;

Thoughts of tranquility in the afterlife, post-vital experiences.

Why do people commit suicide? What prompts them to take this terrible step? Agree, the terrible figure of 400-500 thousand people annually in the world dies voluntarily (according to the World Health Organization). It is especially difficult to talk about infant mortality for this reason. Consider the types of suicidal, let's talk about prevention and more.

What is suicide?

This is a voluntary, deliberate departure from life. So, let's consider the types and prevention. The structure of suicidal behavior is as follows:

• thoughts about death;
• preparations for it;
• attempts;
• intentions;
• an act of suicide.

Men in relation to women voluntarily leave life 4: 1. About 700 thousand people are attempting suicide. There are 25 suicide attempts per tragedy. Approximately 20-30% of people try to commit suicide again during the year. Every sixth suicide leaves in which experts often identify the cause of death.

Suicide is a form of deviant behavior

Consider suicidal behavior as a species deviant behavior... The last phrase in translation from Latin is "deviation from the road". Thus, deviant behavior is the specific actions of an individual, for example, Ivanov is distributing drugs, but in a global sense, a relatively stable phenomenon: banditry, drug addiction, prostitution, and so on. In a narrow sense, the term means a deviation from the norm of an individual or a group of people.

Suicidal behavior is destructive; it can also include such forms of deviant behavior as alcoholism, drug addiction, categorical unwillingness to be treated, and conscious exposure to danger. This includes drunk driving, deliberately provoking and participating in fights, as well as in wars, etc.

Consider the types

Suicidal is a form of avoidant behavior and indicates that a person has an unhealthy way of thinking, which includes thoughts of suicide, deliberation, preparation for the act. So, the following types of suicidal behavior are distinguished:

1. Demonstrative. Doesn't imply real intent. A suicide attempt is portrayed, as a rule, with the expectation that they will have time to save, with the aim of attracting lost attention to oneself, in order to pity, arouse sympathy, love and care, to avoid punishment for the offense. More often, this behavior can be typical for children and adolescents. We will talk about the reasons below. The worst thing is that there are cases when the demonstrative method ended in real tragedy. They mainly depict cuts in veins, taking harmless medications, less often hanging.
2. Affective. Suicide attempts are committed at a moment of passion that lasts about a minute or stretches for hours and days. Can be used in tandem with the first method. Hanging and poisoning are common in this suicidal behavior.
3. Hidden suicide. The person understands that this is not the most worthy solution to the problem, but, seeing no other way out, he is consciously ready to die. Will do extreme sports, drive a car, travel to hot spots and so on. Hidden suicides are not afraid of death, they yearn for its coming.
4. True. This is a deliberate, well-worn, well-planned decision to voluntarily leave this life. The person will do everything to make the attempt effective, and not interfere.

We examined the classification of types of suicidal behavior, let's move on to possible reasons.

What pushes people to take this step?

Here is another definition of suicidal behavior. This is a way that is characterized by the desire to consciously commit suicide. The goal is death, and the motive is the solution of the problem. So, to the reasons. There are truly a lot of them. Let's give their classification, they are distinguished:

1. External factors. They are subdivided into macrosocial (the conditions for the interaction of a person with the outside world) and microsocial (relationships with close people). The former include the situation of unemployment in the country, a decline in the living standard of the population, moving to a metropolis, etc. interpersonal relationships suicide with a close environment for him. On their basis, the causes of suicidal behavior can be classified as follows: family conflicts, unrequited love, fatal illness, death of a loved one and others.
2. Biological reasons. A decrease in serotonin activity determines a predisposition to suicide.
3. Genetic. Heredity.
4. Psychological. Suicide is at the root of prolonged, incurable depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and anxiety disorders. This is also facilitated by low stress resistance, maximalism, egocentrism, dependence on the opinions of other people, emotional lability, and others.

We now know about the types of suicidal behavior. Causes are a deep and complex concept, rooted in the socio-psychiatric analysis of the problem. These include everything that causes suicide, and a reason is an event that serves as a driving force for the action of a cause. Now let's talk about the specifics of adolescent suicidal behavior.

Child suicide

The psychology of children and adolescents is still unstable. It manifests itself in a changeable mood, whims, fits of anger. The ages of 13-17 are the most difficult. Let's talk about suicidal behavior, causes and prevention.

Children and adolescents have no real desire to die. Their idea of ​​death is extremely fuzzy, infantile. An attempt at suicide is a cry for help. The types of suicidal behavior in adolescents, as well as adults, are conventionally divided:

• to true;
• demonstrative;
• and affective.

The most dangerous period is considered to be the age interval of 14-16 years. But also kids younger age resort to suicide attempts. As a rule, they are pushed to this by an unhealthy psychological atmosphere in the family, misunderstanding and dislike on the part of their parents. Think about what a terrible figure - 80%, this is the number of childhood suicides committed due to conflicts with relatives, mom and dad, in particular.

How to warn a child from trouble

It is important to unravel the thoughts of the child in time. Although, it is extremely difficult to recognize suicidal tendencies. But there are still features that will help you calculate them. So, we examined the following types:

1. Closure. Sometimes parents are calm and happy that the child is sitting at home, seemingly under supervision, sitting for hours at the computer. But this is exactly what should be alarming.
2. Unreasonable irritation, nervousness, anger and even anger.
3. Excessive talkativeness. Sometimes the child talks a lot to disguise the problem.
4. Depressive state, which manifests itself in tearfulness, self-doubt. From the outside it looks like a child is offended by the whole world.

Blackmail words should also alert, for example, do not buy a bicycle, I will hang myself. Parents do not attach importance to the phrase, being sure that it is a joke. You can't let this situation take its course, the child needs to be explained that they are not joking with such things.

Let's move on to the reasons

Most young boys and girls see suicide as a solution to a problem, rather than an end to their own lives. The child, due to his age, is vulnerable to stressful situations due to an unstable psyche, weak will, lack of life experience and knowledge. Let's try to classify the reasons:

1. Internal conflict. With this term, we summarize many reasons, such as misunderstanding of peers, poor relationships with teachers, unrequited love, low self-esteem. These are problems that the child, unfortunately, cannot cope with on their own.
2. Ignoring parents. As mentioned above, it is the main cause of suicide.

Thus, the family is the main factor influencing the formation of suicidal behavior in adolescents.

But what are the true reasons?

Experts believe that suicidal behavior in adolescents is formed in close relationship with the problem of social adaptation. Sometimes the difficulties that arise in the educational team with peers acquire universal proportions, which push children to suicide. Consider several conditional personality types that have suicidal tendencies. So:

1. Egoist. Pursues only his own benefit.
2. Fatalist. Believes that everything is predetermined by fate.
3. Simulator. Uses suicide as a means of intimidation to get what he wants.
4. Altruist. Supports everyone around, which can be fatal "for the company".
5. And an anomalous type of behavior. Refusal to accept generally accepted rules and regulations.

To avoid tragedy, you need to be a friend to the child. Only in this case he will entrust his problems, will not be afraid to talk about them, be afraid of the consequences.

Do you know what a child does on social networks?

This is perhaps a very serious problem today. The world is mired on the internet. And it is no longer possible to exist without it. Unfortunately, we draw from there not only useful information, The media can also have a negative impact. Browse online pages in social networks your children. There are many communities extolling the cult of death. There are given detailed instructions, in what way you can get out of life, scary photographs imitating death are laid out. Just think of what effect all this horror can have on a fragile, unsettled child's psyche.

How to protect a child from scary thoughts?

We examined the types of suicidal behavior, figured out the reasons, and talk about prevention. It should be carried out in all spheres of the child's life, starting, of course, with the family. Here are some recommendations:

• be a friend to your baby;
• do not shout or belittle his dignity;
• do not insult, do not use foul language;
• do not scare;
• do not use physical violence;
• do not blackmail;
• do not abuse his feelings.

Teach your child to overcome difficulties, explain that any problems can be solved, especially when there are family and friends nearby. Develop the child's talents, only then will he be interested in achieving the goal, learning new things, such thoughts will never arise.

On the tasks of prevention

We already know what suicidal behavior is in adolescents, but prevention is necessary to eliminate risk factors. Therefore, an integrated approach is important. If you cannot cope with your child, seek the help of a psychologist, a teacher who is teaching him.

The main task of preventing suicidal behavior in adolescents is to identify a risk group. Let's consider the classification of the contingent of children prone to suicide. These are children and adolescents:

• suffered a skull injury in childhood;
• with different forms of disharmonious development;
• asocial personalities with signs of deviant behavior;
• idealizing feelings of love and sexual relations.

It is important to closely monitor the development of your child, to take not fake, but true participation in his life. Somewhere you will have to sacrifice personal time and even career in order to give more care, love and affection to the child. Help in self-realization, hug and kiss more often, say kind, sincere words.

"Identification of suicidal groups in society."

Completed by 1st year student

OMI IS branches

Dyachkovsky Kolya

Sociological research program. 3

1. Introduction. 6

2. The concept of suicide. 7

3.Classification of suicides. nine

4. Suicide as a form of deviant behavior. ten

5. Formation of a suicidal orientation. eleven

6. Motives for suicide. Situational factors. 12

8.Dynamics of growth in the number of suicides. 25

9. Attempts to prevent suicides. 28

10. Conclusion. 31

11. List of used literature. 32

Sociological research program.

This study is devoted to the following. problem:"Suicide as a form of deviant behavior."

The choice was due to the fact that this problem was and remains relevant, in view of the fact that, firstly, in many countries the mortality rate exceeds the birth rate, and suicide is considered one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and secondly, the current instability in society, characterized by constant crises contributes to an increase in the number of suicides, thirdly, this significant social problem cannot be resolved.

Based on this, each person needs to be aware of how serious this problem is and have elementary skills to identify this type of deviation.

The research topic is"Identification of suicidal groups in society."

The subject of research is suicide as a phenomenon, object the same is a suicidal-directed personality.

The purpose of this study- to achieve a certain level of understanding of this problem precisely from the point of view of sociology, since it can be considered both in sociology and in jurisprudence, psychology, philosophy. Attract public attention, make recommendations aimed at recognizing and preventing suicides.

Concepts need interpretation: suicide, suicide, deviation, passive suicidal thoughts, suicidal intentions, suicidal intentions.

Suicide (suicide)- every death that is directly or indirectly the result of a positive or negative act committed by the victim himself, if the latter knew about the expected results.

Suicide- self-destructive behavior of a person, aimed at intentionally depriving himself of life, as well as refusal of real opportunities to avoid death in a critical situation.

Deviation- a deviation from the norm, considered by most of the members of society as reprehensible and unacceptable.

Passive suicidal thoughts are characterized by ideas, fantasies about their own death, but not about taking their own lives as a spontaneous action (“it would be nice to die,” “fall asleep and not wake up,” etc.).

Suicidal intentions- This is an active form of manifestation of suicidality, i.e. a tendency towards suicide, the depth of which increases as the plan for its implementation is developed. Ways, time and place of suicide are being thought over.

Suicidal intentions presuppose the attachment to the concept of a decision and a volitional component that induces a direct transition into external behavior.

This topic assumes the presence hypotheses of the essence:“The unstable situation and deterioration of the financial situation associated with economic instability in society, crises, conflict situations are a favorable environment for the existence of suicidal groups in society ”.

The research objectives are as follows:

Find out what suicide is.

Classify suicide.

Find out how the suicidal orientation of the personality is formed.

Establish the motives for suicide.

Trace the dynamics of the growth in the number of suicides.

Identify ways to prevent suicide.